RU2708159C1 - Method for grain separation of flour-and-cereals crops according to vitreous index - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for separation of fraction with high content of vitreous grains from commercial grains. Batch of grain is passed through a photoseparator equipped with an optical system and enabling analysis of reflection spectra of separate seeds. Each granule is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation from ultraviolet, visible or near infrared range, electrical signals corresponding to intensity of radiation reflected by grains are recorded, intensity of radiation reflected by each separate grain is measured. Value of the optical characteristic corresponding to the grain vitreous index is determined from the measured intensity values for each grain. Grain is divided into mealy and glassy depending on deviation of optical characteristic of each grains from a predetermined reference value for a batch of grains.

EFFECT: disclosed method provides fast and efficient separation of grain into two fractions by level of vitreousity.

6 cl, 10 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to isolate fractions with a high content of vitreous grains from marketable wheat, rice, triticale, rye and other flour and cereal crops. A feature of a number of milling and cereal crops, for example, wheat, spelled, triticale, rye, barley, corn, rice, is the presence of vitreous and mealy grains in the raw material mass. Glassiness, being an external sign of grain quality, reflects the structure of the internal grain tissues. Glassiness is due to the structure of the grain, that is, the specifics of the packaging of starch granules and protein. The consistency of grain (vitreous) is very important for evaluating its technological (milling) properties. It is possible to obtain processed products of higher quality from raw materials with a high glassiness. So, vitreous grains have greater mechanical strength than mealy ones. In the process of grinding into flour, vitreous grains form a large number of grains - intermediate grinding products, which is very important for obtaining high-quality flour. Such flour is appreciated in bakery and other applications. Mealy grains are quickly crushed into a fine powder. Therefore, vitreous grains have higher flour-grinding qualities. Grains of wheat or rice contained in a heap of grain obtained after harvesting and post-harvest processing contain both mealy and glassy grains. This is due to the fact that the heap contains grains from different plants, the ripening conditions of which may differ due to the heterogeneous distribution of fertilizers over the sown area, genetic differences of different specimens, etc. Depending on the degree of glassiness, the grain is divided into classes . To improve the class of grain in practice, it is usually necessary to remove a small portion of mealy grains from a grain batch.

State of the art

Various methods for separating grains into fractions and separating grain from impurities are known in the art.

A known method of separating grain into vitreous and powdery grains, carried out by a visual method using a diaphanoscope (for example, GOST R 52554-2006 and GOST 10987-76) is a very time-consuming and rather subjective method. In accordance with these GOSTs, the vitreous nature of the grain can be determined either visually without the use of devices according to the degree of transparency of the transverse sections of the grains, or also visually using a diaphanoscope, which is a device with a lens and a backlight, allowing you to better see each of the 100 grains loaded in special the cassette inside the diaphanoscope. The visual method using a diaphanoscope is not applicable for industrial grain sorting. Its main disadvantages are the low separation rate of grains and the rather high subjectivity of the assessment.

Known optical method and device for sorting individual objects from bulk materials (RF Patent 2526103), using as a criterion for sorting the distribution of objects by size, which is not suitable for separating powdery grains from vitreous.

There is also known an optical method for cleaning and sorting grain crops, implemented in devices (RF Patent 2495728 and RF Patent 2403100), using computer analysis of video images of each grain by thickness, length and width for sorting. This method is notable for the complexity of technical implementation and, as a result, relatively low productivity. In addition, this method is not applicable for the separation of powdery grains from vitreous.

There is also a method for identifying objects by optical characteristics, disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 20122430 using a device that includes a complex illumination system and one or more controllable light filters with a passband not narrower than 380-770 nm and an adjustable transmission spectrum.

When implementing this method, it is necessary to use broadband filters with an adjustable transmission spectrum, which greatly complicates the technology of identification of objects and leads to low productivity of the device. In addition, this device is not able to carry out the separation of grain according to the degree of vitreous.

Closest to the proposed method according to the technical essence are the methods for separating grain from impurities and foreign inclusions used in photoelectronic separators according to the level of reflected radiation intensity at specially selected wavelengths. This, for example, is the method disclosed in the article (Zorkiy Photoseparator from CSort. Agroreportazh Magazine, September 6, 2016), designed to separate grain from debris and impurities: oatmeal, pelyushka, Tatar buckwheat, smut, ergot, fusarium grain, grain with black germ, etc., and consisting in the fact that the grain from the loading hopper enters the illuminated examination area, flies between the sensor and the background screen. The optoelectronic sensor analyzes the luminous flux from the material under study at three wavelengths (corresponding to the red, green, and blue ranges of the spectrum) and generates an output signal from the computer system to actuate the pneumatic valve (ejector). An ejector from a flowing stream blows a product of a different color into the pipe of an unsuitable product through which the product exits the photo separator, while the suitable product continues to fall into the pipe of a suitable product, from where it is also removed from the photo separator. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide the possibility of grain separation according to the degree of vitreous.

Disclosure of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to overcome the disadvantages inherent in analogues and prototype, by creating a method that enables high-performance separation of grains of flour and cereal crops (for example, wheat, spelled, triticale, rye, barley, corn, rice and others ) on the vitreous and powdery fraction.

The technical result achieved by using the claimed invention is to provide quick and efficient separation of wheat and rice grains into two fractions with different optical characteristics corresponding to a certain level of vitreous, which will increase the degree of vitreousness of the grain batch due to the possibility of removing powdery grains.

The problem is solved in that in the method for separating grain of milling and cereal crops by the degree of vitreousness, according to the technical solution, a batch of grain is passed in a stream through a photo separator equipped with a modified optical system and providing the ability to analyze the reflection spectra of individual seeds, each grain being irradiated with electromagnetic radiation from ultraviolet, visible or near infrared, record electrical signals corresponding to the intensity of the reflected about radiation grains, measure the intensity of the radiation reflected by each individual grain, while the measured optical intensity values for each grain determine the optical characteristic value corresponding to the glassiness of the grain, and then divide the grains into powdery and glassy depending on the deviation of the optical characteristic value of each grain from a specific reference value for a batch of grain. To obtain a control value of the optical characteristic, a grain sample from a batch is passed through a photo separator equipped with a modified optical system, irradiated with electromagnetic radiation from the range from ultraviolet to near infrared, the intensity of the radiation reflected from each grain in the selected wavelength ranges is recorded and determined, and then the optical value is determined characteristics for each grain of the sample and by the values of the optical characteristics of all grains of the sample establish a cont role value taking into account the ratio of the number of powdery and vitreous grains in the initial batch of grain and the necessary ratio of the number of powdery and vitreous grains in the final batch of grain after separation. As an optical characteristic for the separation of grain according to the degree of glassiness can be used:

- a direct ratio of the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 550 to 780 nm to the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 250 to 500 nm;

- a direct ratio of the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 250 to 500 nm to the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 550 to 780 nm;

- the difference in the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 550 to 780 nm and the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 250 to 500 nm;

- the intensity value of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 550 to 780 nm.

The inventive method consists in passing grain through a photo separator equipped with a modified optical system, and isolating individual grains according to a given optical feature, for example, in relation to (direct or inverse) or the difference in intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the red, orange, yellow or yellow-green region of the visible part spectrum (for example, with an average wavelength selected from the range from 550 to 780 nm) and the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the ultraviolet, violet, blue or blue-green region whith the visible spectrum (e.g., with a mean wavelength selected from the range of 250 to 500 nm). As established by the authors, in these spectral regions there is a significant difference in the intensity of radiation reflected from powdery grains, with a significantly smaller difference in the similar parameter for vitreous grains.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the implementation of a method for separating grain milling crops by the degree of vitreous.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the spectral dependence of the difference in the average value of the reflected radiation intensity for random samples of powdery and glassy grains of wheat "Oasis" in the wavelength range of 500-700 nm.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the spectral dependence of the signal dispersion ratio for vitreous grains to the difference between the average signal values for the Oasis powdery and vitreous grains of wheat.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows, for example, the reflection spectra of a random sample of vitreous (a) and mealy (b) triticale grains of the Timiryazevskaya 150 variety.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the ratios of the intensity of the reflected radiation in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the intensity of the reflected radiation in the wavelength range λ = 450 ± 50 nm for a random sample of powdery and glassy triticale grains.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the ratios of the intensity of the reflected radiation in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the intensity of the reflected radiation in the wavelength range λ = 300 ± 50 nm for a random sample of powdery and glassy grains of triticale.

In FIG. Figure 7 shows the reflection spectra of a random sample of glassy (a) and powdery (b) grains of wheat of the Oasis variety.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the ratios of the intensity of reflected radiation in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the intensity of reflected radiation in the wavelength range λ = 300 ± 50 nm for powdery and vitreous grains of wheat of the Oasis variety.

With reference to FIG. 1 marked:

1 - loading hopper,

2 - distribution channels and feed trays,

3 - illuminated examination area,

4 - lighting system

5 - radiation receivers,

6 - processor with a control program,

7 - a system for removing powdery powder,

8 - hopper for vitreous grain,

9 - a bunker for mealy grain;

a is the flow of the original grain,

b is the flow of vitreous grain,

C is the flow of powdery grain,

d is the radiation

e - scattered (reflected) by the grain radiation,

f- electrical signal from radiation receivers,

g is the control signal from the processor of the control system.

The invention consists in the following. The grains contained in the heap of grain obtained after harvesting and post-harvest processing contain both mealy and glassy grains that differ in their internal structure. This is due to the fact that the heap contains grains from different plants, the ripening conditions of which may differ due to the heterogeneous distribution of fertilizers over the sown area, genetic differences between different specimens, etc.

Differences in the internal structure of vitreous and powdery grains gives rise to differences in their reflection spectra. To increase the class of grain in practice, it is usually necessary to remove a small part of mealy grains, however, it is rather difficult and long to perform such an operation manually.

The implementation of the invention

The proposed method for separating grains into vitreous and powdery is an industrial version of the separation of grain, providing the ability to quickly and accurately separate the grains according to the optical characteristic. There is no need to use complex devices for radiation and registration of electromagnetic waves. It is enough to apply one or several (by the number of channels) LEDs or lamps and as many photodiodes operating in the corresponding spectral bands. In addition to photodiodes, photoresistors or phototransistors or PMTs (photoelectronic multipliers) or CCDs (charge-coupled devices) can be used as radiation detectors. Numerous experiments have shown that grains determined (for example, for wheat and rice according to GOST 10987-76) as vitreous and mealy, differ in optical characteristics, which can be determined by devices in an automatic mode without human intervention. The optical characteristic is a calculated value, determined on the basis of measuring the intensities of the reflected radiation and characterizing the vitreous nature of the grain. Methods for calculating the optical characteristic and its reference value are disclosed below.

Grain preliminarily cleared of foreign inclusions is passed through a photo separator equipped with a photometric system including sources and receivers of electromagnetic radiation operating in predetermined wavelength ranges, a system for supplying grain to the examination area, and a system for removing powdery grains from the grain stream. The process of grain separation according to the degree of vitreousness can occur, for example, as follows (see Fig. 1).

The source grain for sorting is loaded into a loading hopper. From there, the feed system (including, for example, distribution channels and feed trays) feed grain into the examination area and illuminate it with a source or sources of electromagnetic radiation. The receiver or receivers, receiving radiation reflected from the grain, generate an electrical signal for the computer control system. Depending on the signals received from the optical system, the processor with the control program determines the value of the optical characteristic according to a given law and gives a command to trigger the system (for example, a pneumatic valve (ejector)) to remove powdery grains, which differs from the glassy in optical characteristics, in the powdery bin grains. The vitreous grain may then flow directly into the vitreous grain bin.

Separation of individual grains is performed at a given value of the optical characteristic. As such, a ratio (direct or reverse) or the difference in the intensity of reflected radiation with an average wavelength selected from the range from 550 to 780 nm (for example, in the wavelength band λ = 650 ± 50) and the intensity of reflected radiation with an average length can be used a wave selected from the range from 250 to 500 nm (for example, in the wavelength band λ = 450 ± 50 nm or λ = 350 ± 70). Such an indicator (in the form of the ratio or difference of signals at two wavelengths) has a significant difference for vitreous and powdery grains. The difference between this indicator between vitreous and powdery grains has a relatively small coefficient of variation (less than 0.5). As an indicator for the separation of powdery and vitreous grains, the level of reflected radiation intensity in the spectral band with an average wavelength selected from the range from 550 to 780 nm can also be used separately (with a slight decrease in efficiency).

Depending on the calculated value of the optical characteristic for each caryopsis and comparing it with the control value using the control program, the processor gives a command to trigger a powdery powder removal system (for example, a pneumatic valve (ejector)) to direct powdery powder, which differs in optical characteristics in the powdery bin grains, while the vitreous grain directly flows through the pipe into the hopper of the vitreous grains.

The control value of the optical characteristic is determined for each batch of grain before sorting.

To establish a control value of the optical characteristic for each batch of grain, a small amount of grain from the loading hopper is passed through the inspection area, illuminated by elements of the lighting system, and the radiation reflected from the grain entering the receiver is recorded and the intensity of the reflected signal is determined and determined. The control program records the intensities of the signal reflected from different grains and the number of grains that give a particular intensity of the reflected signal. Next, the control program sets the control value of the signal for sorting according to one of the formulas:

- from 0.4 to 0.6 (depending on the required final percentage of powdery grains in the vitreous silo) when used as an optical characteristic for grain separation, the direct or inverse ratio of the reflected radiation intensities in the spectrum band with the average wavelength selected from the long wavelength range from 550 to 780 nm (for example, in the wavelength band λ = 650 ± 50 nm) and the reflected radiation in the spectrum band with an average long wavelength selected from the short wavelength range from 250 to 500 nm (for example, in the d wavelength λ = 450 ± 50 or λ = 350 ± 70 nm).

- (minimum difference in intensities) + K × (difference in maximum and minimum differences in intensities), where K is a coefficient lying in the range from 0.5 to 0.8 (depending on the required final percentage of powdery grains in the vitreous grain bin) when used as an optical characteristic for grain separation, the difference in the intensities of reflected radiation in the spectral band with an average wavelength selected from the long wavelength range from 500 to 700 nm (for example, in the wavelength band λ = 650 ± 50 nm) and reflected radiation cheniya a band with a mean wavelength selected from the shortwave range from 250 to 400 nm (e.g., a wavelength band λ = 450 ± 50, or λ = 350 ± 70 nm).

Specific implementation examples

Example 1

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the spectral dependence of the sample average difference between the level of radiation intensity reflected by powdery grains and the radiation intensity reflected by glassy grains.

The maximum signal difference for the two types of grain is observed at wavelengths near 630 nm. However, a large difference in itself is not a basis for preference for this region of the spectrum. The scatter of data on many of the same type of grains is essential. In the case of powdery grains, the coefficient of variation can be taken as a complex indicator of efficiency — the ratio of the signal dispersion for vitreous grains to the difference in the average signal values for powdery and vitreous grains. The lower this indicator, the less vitreous grains will be mistakenly removed during sorting in order to remove powdery grains. As an assessment of the classification efficiency, we take the coefficient of variation equal to the ratio of the standard deviation (dispersion) of the diagnostic feature for vitreous grains to the difference between the average values of the diagnostic features of the training sample of mealy and vitreous grains.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the dependence of the signal dispersion ratio for vitreous grains on the difference between the average signal values for mealy and vitreous grains on the radiation wavelength. From FIG. Figure 3 shows that the smallest values of the coefficient of variation (0.5–0.6) lie in the wavelength range of 580–700 nm (red region of the visible spectrum). This means that the intensity value of radiation reflected from the grain in the wavelength range of 580-700 nm can be used as an optical characteristic for separating wheat grain by the degree of vitreousness. However, as will be seen from the following examples, the separation of grains into vitreous and powdery will be more effective when using the integrated optical characteristics, calculated on the basis of the intensity of radiation reflected from the grain in two wavelength ranges.

Example 2

In FIG. 4 shows the reflection spectra of radiation from powdery and glassy grains of triticale varieties "Timiryazevskaya 150".

From a comparison of FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b, it becomes clear that when using the method of identification for the separation of powdery and vitreous grains by the intensity level of radiation reflected by the grain in any one spectral range (for example, at an average wavelength of 630 nm), the separation is complicated due to the dispersion of the reflection indices at a separate wavelength . However, from FIG. 4 it is clearly seen that the nature of the spectra varies significantly: in vitreous grains with increasing wavelength, reflection increases to a lesser extent than in mealy ones.

A comparative analysis of the reflected spectra of vitreous and powdery grains of the Timiryazevskaya 150 variety of triticale in various spectral regions showed the possibility of more accurate identification using the ratio of the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral region with an average wavelength of λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral region with an average wavelength of λ = 450 ± 50 nm. The results are presented in FIG. 5.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, there is a large difference between the signal ratio (reflected radiation intensity) in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 450 ± 50 nm for powdery and vitreous triticale grains. From FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 also shows that the dispersion of the ratio of the signal in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 450 ± 50 nm is much smaller than the variance of the reflection indices at each individual wavelength. All this creates better conditions for the separation of powdery and glassy grains on photoelectronic separators using the proposed method.

Example 3

Spectra of light reflection from powdery and vitreous grains of triticale varieties “Timiryazevskaya 150” were analyzed at wavelengths from two ranges: from 550 to 780 nm and from 250 to 500 nm.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the ratios of the intensity of reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average long wavelength λ = 650 nm to the intensity of reflected radiation in the spectral region with an average long wavelength λ = 300 nm for random samples of vitreous and powdery grain of the Timiryazevskaya 150 variety.

As can be seen from FIG. 6, there is a large difference between the values of the ratio of the signal (intensity of reflected radiation) in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 300 ± 50 nm for powdery and vitreous grains of triticale. From FIG. 4 and FIG. Figure 6 also shows that the dispersion of the ratio of the signal in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 300 ± 50 nm is much smaller than the variance of the reflection indices at each individual wavelength. This creates better conditions for the separation of powdery (or vitreous) grains on photoelectronic separators using the proposed method.

Example 4

There is a triticale grain with a content of vitreous, partially vitreous and mealy grains in a ratio of 20: 30: 50%. The total glassiness is 35%. According to this indicator, grain is assigned to class 4. For all other indicators, it corresponds to grade 3. To increase the class of grains, it is necessary to increase the percentage of vitreous grains. To do this, we pass the grain through a photo separator with the separation threshold set (the reference value of the optical characteristic) so that half mealy grain (25% of the total mass) is removed. After that, the ratio becomes 26.7: 40.0: 33.3%. The total glassiness is 46.7%, which allows this grain to be attributed to the 3rd class. The part of powdery grain removed from the total mass can be used in accordance with its class, for example, in the production of starch products, animal feed, etc.

Example 5

In FIG. 7 shows the spectra of light reflection from mealy and glassy grains of wheat of the Oasis variety. From a comparison of FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b, it becomes clear that when the powdery and glassy grains are separated using a method of identification by the level of reflected radiation intensity in any one spectral range, the separation is complicated due to the large dispersion of the reflection indices at each individual wavelength. However, from FIG. 7 it is clearly seen that the nature of the spectra varies significantly: in vitreous grains with increasing wavelength, reflection increases to a lesser extent than in mealy ones.

A comparative analysis of the reflected spectra of vitreous and powdery grains of wheat of the Oasis variety in different regions of the visible spectrum showed the possibility of more accurate identification using the ratio of the intensity of reflected radiation in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum with an average wavelength λ = as the optical characteristic characterizing glassy grain 650 ± 50 nm to the energy flux density of the reflected radiation in the short-wavelength region of the spectrum with an average wavelength of λ = 300 ± 50 nm. The results are presented in FIG. 8.

As can be seen from FIG. 8, there is a large difference between the values of the ratio of the signal (reflected radiation intensity) in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 300 ± 50 nm for powdery and vitreous grains of wheat. Figures 6 and 7 also show that the dispersion of the ratio of the signal in the wavelength range λ = 650 ± 50 nm to the signal in the wavelength range λ = 300 ± 50 nm is much smaller than the variance of the reflection indices at each individual wavelength. This creates better conditions for the separation of powdery (or vitreous) grains on photoelectronic separators.

Example 6

The light reflection spectra from powdery and glassy grains of wheat of the Oasis variety were analyzed at wavelengths from two ranges: from 550 to 780 nm and from 250 to 500 nm.

Table 1 presents the values of the intensity of the reflected radiation at a wavelength of 370 nm and 630 nm for a random sample of vitreous and powdery grains of wheat.

Based on the data in Table 1, the values of the ratios of the signal at a wavelength of 630 nm to the signal at a wavelength of 370 nm were calculated, as well as the difference values of these signals. The results of these calculations are collected in table 2.

From table 2 it can be seen that both the ratio and the difference in the intensity of reflected radiation at a wavelength of 630 nm and the intensity of reflected radiation at a wavelength of 370 nm can be selected as an indicator for the separation of vitreous and powdery grains.

Example 7

There is a grain of wheat with a content of vitreous, partially vitreous and mealy grains in a ratio of 20: 30: 50%. The total glassiness is 35%. According to this indicator, grain is assigned to class 4. For all other indicators, it corresponds to grade 3. To increase the class of grains, it is necessary to increase the percentage of vitreous grains. To do this, we pass the grain through a photo separator with the separation threshold set (the reference value of the optical characteristic) so that half mealy grain (25% of the total mass) is removed. After that, the ratio becomes 26.7: 40.0: 33.3%. The total glassiness is 46.7%, which allows this grain to be attributed to the 3rd class. The part of powdery grain removed from the total mass can be used in accordance with its class.

Claims (6)

1. A method of separating grain of milling and cereal crops by the degree of vitreousness, characterized in that a batch of grain is passed through a photo separator equipped with a modified optical system and providing the ability to analyze the reflection spectra of individual seeds, each grain being irradiated with electromagnetic radiation from ultraviolet, visible or near infrared range, record electrical signals corresponding to the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grains, measure the intensity l reflected by each individual grain radiation, while the measured intensity values for each grain determine the value of the optical characteristic corresponding to the glassiness of the grain, then divide the grains into powdery and glassy depending on the deviation of the optical characteristics of each grain from a predetermined control value for the party grain. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that to obtain a control value of the optical characteristic, a grain sample from a batch is passed through a photo separator equipped with a modified optical system, irradiated with electromagnetic radiation from the range from ultraviolet to near infrared, the intensity of the reflected from each grain is recorded and determined radiation in the selected wavelength ranges, after which they determine the value of the optical characteristic for each grain of the sample and the values of the optical characteristics ISTIC all grain sample set reference value with the ratio of farinaceous grains and vitreous grains in the initial batch and the desired ratio of powdery grains and vitreous grains in the final batch after separation. 3. The method according to PP. 1, 2, characterized in that as the optical characteristic for separating grain according to the degree of glassiness, a direct ratio of the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 550 to 780 nm to the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 250 to 500 nm is used. 4. The method according to PP. 1, 2, characterized in that as the optical characteristic for separating grain according to the degree of glassiness, a direct ratio of the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 250 to 500 nm to the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 550 to 780 nm is used. 5. The method according to PP. 1, 2, characterized in that as an optical characteristic for separating grain according to the degree of vitreousness, the difference in the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 550 to 780 nm and the intensity of the radiation reflected in the grain in the spectral range from 250 to 500 nm is used. 6. The method according to PP. 1, 2, characterized in that as an optical characteristic for separating grain by vitreous use the value of the intensity of the radiation reflected by the grain in the spectral range from 550 to 780 nm.

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