RU2696271C1 - Radar transmitting and receiving device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar ranging and radio navigation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to near-field location radar, namely to ground distance meters, i.e. to altimeters. Receiving-transmitting radar set comprises a clock generator, a transmission and reception strobe generation unit, a modulator, an antenna unit, a carrier frequency generator, a receiver and a microcontroller, wherein a clock oscillator, a transmission and reception strobe generating unit, a modulator and an antenna unit are connected in series therewith, wherein the microcontroller is connected to the transmission and reception strobe generation unit, as well as with a receiver, wherein the receiver is further connected to the transmission and reception strobe generation unit, as well as to the antenna unit. At that, in order to increase efficiency of the device by adjusting the width of the spectrum of the emitted signal, a pulse duration control unit is added to the device, which is placed in the communication gap between the receiving and transmitting gates formation unit and the modulator and is connected to the clock generator and the microcontroller.

EFFECT: technical result consists in enabling adjustment of the width of the spectrum of the emitted signal, determined by the duration of the pulse, for adapting the components of the device to specific characteristics of the antenna unit in conditions of active jamming.

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Description

The device relates to the technical means of near radar, in particular - to distance meters to the ground, that is, to altimeters.

Known transceivers near radar. See, for example, Kogan I.M. Near radar (theoretical basis). M., "Owls. radio". 1973, 272 s, where the so-called autodyne are described in detail - extremely simple and previously widely used continuous-wave radar devices. In autodyne, the functions of signal reception and transmission are completely combined in one transmitting and transmitting path: the transmitting and receiving antenna is part of the oscillator circuit of the generator. In the process, the autodyne generator is under the influence of its own delayed signal reflected from the object location. The amplitude of the reflected signal depends on the distance to the location object and, after appropriate hardware processing, triggers a threshold device after reaching the required range to the location object. In the case of an altimeter, the role of the location object is played by the so-called underlying surface, that is, various types of soil, snow-covered or water surface. The reflective properties of various underlying surfaces vary widely. For this reason, the accuracy of the height estimation by means of an autodyne is small and does not always correspond to modern requirements for near-radar devices.

This drawback can be avoided by constructing the so-called pulsed near-radar systems - see Pulse radar. // patent No. 2106654, author - M. Zybin The device proposed in the patent contains a frequency-tunable magnetron and is intended primarily for large-sized radar systems. For small-sized, highly dynamic media, more compact technical solutions are required, allowing you to integrate all the necessary components into one or more small-sized modules. In addition, this device uses a long probe pulse (units of microseconds), which does not provide stealth and noise immunity.

Ultra-short pulse devices are deprived of such drawbacks - see Dekawave EVK-1000 https://www.decawave.com/product/evk1000-evaluation-kit.

This radar device contains a clock generator, a unit for generating transmission and reception gates, a modulator, an antenna unit, a carrier frequency generator, a receiver and a microcontroller, moreover, a clock generator, a unit for forming transmission and reception gates, a modulator and an antenna unit are connected in series, the microcontroller is connected to a transmission and reception strobe formation unit, as well as to a receiver, the receiver being further connected to a transmission and reception of strobe formation unit, as well as to an antenna unit m.

This technical solution is closest to the claimed device and is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to change the duration of the probe pulse used to coordinate the signal transmission and reception path with the antennas synthesized for various tasks with the corresponding radiation patterns. So, for example, simple monopoly antennas with a wide uncontrolled radiation pattern are in good agreement with the tasks of controlling access to protected premises and probing pulses with extremely short duration are suitable for them, as in the prototype.

Antennas with a more complex radiation pattern, for example, multi-element ones, as a rule, have a more complex device and have a higher Q factor (selectivity to the relatively narrow spectral range of the signal), which prevents the efficient emission of too short radio pulses that are characterized by a wide or even ultra-wide frequency spectrum of the signal .

As a result of many years of research, the authors found that the adaptation of the receiving-transmitting path to both antennas can be achieved by changing the duration of the probe pulse in the range from fractions of a nanosecond to a few nanoseconds, namely, from 0.2 not to 5 not. In the prototype, this possibility is absent, which narrows the scope of its application.

The proposed technical solution avoids the described drawback. Like the prototype, it contains a clock generator, a block for generating transmission and reception gates, a modulator, an antenna block, a carrier frequency generator, a receiver and a microcontroller, moreover, a clock generator, a block for forming transmission and reception gates, a modulator and an antenna block are connected in series here wherein the microcontroller is connected to a transmission and reception strobe forming unit, as well as to a receiver, the receiver being further connected to a transmission and reception of strobe forming unit, and also to an antenna unit.

In contrast to the prototype, a pulse width control unit is added to this device, and this pulse width control block is located in the communication gap between the receiving and transmitting strobe forming unit and the modulator, and is also additionally connected with a clock generator and a microcontroller.

The proposed solution is illustrated in FIG. 1. This device contains a clock generator (1), a block for generating transmission and reception gates (2), a modulator (3), an antenna unit (4), a carrier frequency generator (5), a receiver (6) and a microcontroller (7), and here, a clock generator (1), a block for generating transmission and reception gates (2), a modulator (3), and an antenna block (4) are connected in series, and the microcontroller (7) is connected to a block for generating transmission and reception gates (2), as well as with the receiver (6), and the receiver (6) is additionally connected to the block forming the transmission and reception gates (2), and same with the antenna unit (4).

In addition, a pulse width control unit (8) has been added to the device, and this pulse duration control unit (8) is located in the communication gap between the receiving and transmitting strobe generation unit (2) and the modulator (3), and is additionally associated with a clock (1) and with the microcontroller (7).

The operation of the proposed device is illustrated in FIG. 2, where the cyclogram of the operation of its individual blocks is shown. Here are shown: 1 - the clock pulses generated by the clock (see 1 in Fig. 1) with the participation of the microcontroller (see 7 in Fig. 1), 2 - the strobes created and sent by the transmission and reception strobe block (see 2 in Fig. 1) to the control unit for the pulse duration (see 8 in Fig. 1), as well as sent to the receiver (see 6 in Fig. 1). Also here in FIG. 2 shows: 3a and 3b - a short emitted pulse and it is filled with a carrier frequency, 4a and 4b is a pulse of increased duration and it is filled with a carrier frequency, 5 and 6 - impulses reflected from the location object received into the receiver, respectively, are short and increased duration. Due to the presence in the proposed structure of the device of the control unit of the pulse width (see 8 in Fig. 1), it becomes possible to adjust the width of the spectrum of the emitted signal, determined by the pulse duration. This allows you to adapt the components of the device to the specific characteristics of the antenna unit (see 6 in Fig. 1), which improves the efficiency of the device, including in the setting of active radio interference. Thanks to the hardware-software regulation of the pulse duration by means of a new unit (see 8 in Fig. 1) and the corresponding expansion of the device's field of application, there is additionally the possibility of increasing the device’s output, as a result of reducing its cost and improving quality. In addition, the proposed device simplifies the experimental refinement, the choice of modes and parameters of the receiving and transmitting radar device in the process of developing such devices.

It should be borne in mind that for structural and technological reasons, it is possible to combine individual device units within one or more microcircuits or microassemblies. This will further reduce production costs, for example, due to the lack of the need for costly placement of individual blocks in individual protective enclosures, as well as increase the device's resistance to mechanical stresses characteristic of highly dynamic objects.

It should be noted that the circuitry of the pulse width control unit (8) can be constructed, for example, by software or hardware counting and limiting the number of clock pulses within the generated control pulse duration, similar to pre-loaded counter chips known in the low-frequency range, for example, K561IE11. For the required durations of probing pulses in the range from 0.2 not longer or longer, it is necessary to have technological capabilities for manufacturing microcircuits and microassemblies with design standards of 180 nm. Such a technology has already been mastered by domestic microelectronics enterprises, for example, Zelenograd, and, therefore, the proposed technical solution can be industrially implemented.

Claims (1)

A radar transmitting and receiving device comprising a clock generator, a transmission and reception strobe formation unit, a modulator, an antenna unit, a carrier frequency generator, a receiver and a microcontroller, wherein a clock generator, a transmission and reception strobe formation unit, a modulator and an antenna unit are connected in series here wherein the microcontroller is connected with the block for forming the transmission and reception gates, as well as with the receiver, the receiver being additionally connected with the block for forming the transmission and reception gates, as well as an antenna unit, characterized in that a pulse width control unit is added to this device, and this pulse width control unit is located in the communication gap between the receiving and transmitting strobe generation unit and the modulator, and is also additionally connected to a clock generator and a microcontroller.

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