RU2692311C1 - Transforming hybrid vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vehicles.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of combined vehicles. Transforming hybrid vehicle comprises a frame, a post with steerable front wheels, spaced on the frame sides rear wheels, a power plant, located in the frame rear part and including the engine and the pushing propeller inside the aerodynamic ring, the soft wing dome sling system attachment point. Frame bottom is made in the form of a hydrodynamic surface. Rear wheels are made with their rotation drive. Front and rear wheels are made with their lifting above the frame bottom level drive. In order to accommodate the folding wings attachment points the frame is made with four posts. On the frame a screw rotor with made folding in the aerodynamic ring direction blades rotation drive is placed.EFFECT: enabling the possibility of movement on land, water, snow, ice, swamp and other environments, allowing for bottom gliding, as well as flying.4 cl, 18 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of combined vehicles and can be used for transporting people and baggage on roads and streets of settlements, water, snow and air, as well as for work in various areas of the national economy.

Known universal gyroplane (RU 2543471, publ. 02.27.2015), which includes the fuselage with a four-door cabin, in which the front seats and rear sofa, dashboard, navigation devices, powerplant control devices, monitor, chassis, remote aerodynamic element installed on racks above the cab roof with a fuel tank inside, carrying a four-blade propeller with an automatic installation system, fixing and folding the blades, four-blade reversing pusher screw of variable pitch, electric engine redu tori, V-shaped keels with rudders connected at upper points of the stabilizer with the elevator, the internal combustion engine (ICE). The pushing propeller is installed in the aerodynamic ring behind the cabin in the inter-girder space. The internal combustion engine is located in the center of mass and is used to drive the drive box with a generator, compressor, and tachometer mounted on it. The autogyro is equipped with two swiveling front landing gear with wheels, four brake wheels, headlights, position and turn lights in front and on the tail boom. In the nose is installed scanning locator. The steering wheel controls the rotation of the front pillars on the ground and the rudders in the air.

A disadvantage of the known device are large mass and dimensions, as well as (and consequently) the impossibility of using this device as an amphibian and when traveling in difficult terrain.

A known convertible vehicle (RU 2531538, publ. 10/20/2014), which contains a fuselage with a passenger cabin and a pilot's cabin, a rear propeller unit, front and rear landing gear wheels, made with mechanisms for their cleaning and release, folding right and left wing surfaces and tail section, detachable connected to the fuselage by means of hinges, separate compartments of the fuselage for the middle engine closed from the external environment, for the mechanisms for driving the rear screw installation and the rear wheels of the chassis, the nose section and two streamlined window-shaped over the cockpit to observe and control the direction of take-off and landing. The take-off and landing device is located in the central part of the fuselage and has two hydraulically retractable legs with a pair of wheels and rear speakers located in the retracted position in the side compartments between the pilot and passenger cabins, and skis that are in the retracted position are in the cases in front of the wheels. The plane of the wing is equipped with front and rear struts, screw installations and engines located in front of the main sections. The plane of the wing and the tail part with a controlled stabilizer is made with the possibility of folding with the help of cable mechanisms for the formation of a land vehicle.

The disadvantage of the known vehicle is the excessive complexity of the design, large size and the impossibility of using this device as a land vehicle in off-road conditions.

Known aviatransformer (RU 2519307, publ. 10.06.2014), which contains the fuselage with a streamlined surface and the bottom of the bottom of the boat, a three-wheel retractable landing gear, a motor with a pusher propeller, the upper wing with the left and right wing consoles that fold along the side surfaces of the fuselage , upper center wing tail, with two aerodynamic keels. The lower part of the fuselage is made in the form of the bottom of the boat and contains the sides, passing in the middle part into two parallel hydrodynamic keels of the bottom of constant width with bases located in the same horizontal plane. The lower part of the fuselage between the hydrodynamic keels is made in the form of the aerodynamic surface of the wing of small elongation. In the caudal bottom of the fuselage, the hydrodynamic keels are smoothly coupled with aerodynamic keels.

The disadvantage of the known vehicle is the impossibility of its use as a land vehicle, as well as the impossibility of its transformation into a gyro or paralet.

Known aircraft capable of moving on the ground and through the air (RU 2492066, publ. 10.09.2013), which has a fuselage, wheels for movement on the ground, which are attached to the bottom of the fuselage, the wings to create lift, installed symmetrically on both sides fuselage and propellers mounted on the wings and on the fuselage with the ability to control the lever so as to create lift and pulling force for the fuselage. The wings are attached to the fuselage through positioning nodes, each of which includes a plurality of variable volume chambers and a volume variation node, made on one side of the variable volume chambers to control the degree of their expansion so that each of the wings can be folded.

A disadvantage of the known apparatus is the large size, the impossibility of using as a highly passable land vehicle and as an amphibian.

The closest in technical essence, characteristics and design to the claimed device is a motorized paraglider (RU 2242402, B64C31 / 00, publ. 12/20/2004) (adopted as a prototype), which contains a power frame with a seat for at least one pilot , in the front part of which there is a rack with a wheel-controlled steering unit mounted, and in the rear part rear racks with rear wheels spaced on the sides of the specified frame are mounted, a power unit placed in the rear part of the frame and including the engine e, attached to the frame of the power plant, and a pushing propeller placed in the upper part of the power frame mount the free ends of the sling system of the dome of a parachute wing. The paraglider is equipped with a streamlined aerodynamic capsule with frontal glazing and transparent doors, inside of which is placed the power frame. The wheel-mounted wheel assembly is made in the form of two front struts spaced apart with respect to the power frame with swivel wheels from the steering mechanism, which is set in motion by the pedals. The front struts are closed by a fairing, the pushing propeller is installed inside the aerodynamic ring, on the upper part of the capsule there are fixed aerodynamic surfaces with a positive sweep angle, the upper edges of which are attached to the aerodynamic ring. The diameter of the front wheels is larger than the diameter of the rear wheels, the distance between which is greater than the distance between the front wheels.

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of stability of the flight of the device, as well as the impossibility of its transformation for use as an autogyro, amphibian or ground vehicle of an all-terrain vehicle.

The task of the invention is the creation of a vehicle (TS) that can move on the ground, on water, snow, ice, swamp and other environments, allowing for bottom gliding, as well as to fly. As a source of lift, it can be installed on: a soft or inflatable wing and conditionally have the appearance of a paraglider and / or aerial stock; autogyro screw; lift screws; retractable or folding wing like on an airplane or other elements of the structure and power plant. It is assumed that a design change can be made by automatic operator selection.

Movement on the ground on wheels is carried out electrically or from a conventional internal combustion engine. Movement in other environments - by creating thrust from the propeller or other aerodynamic structural elements and power plants. This will allow the operator of this technology to move without stringent restrictions, depending on the need and meteorological, geographical or local conditions in different environments.

The present invention is directed to the achievement of the technical result, which consists in increasing the permeability on any supporting media and in the air.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a transforming hybrid vehicle containing a frame with a seat for one pilot in a streamlined aerodynamic body with glazing, a rack with steering wheels mounted in the front part of the power frame and rear wheels mounted in the rear part the specified frame of the rear wheels, the power unit, placed in the rear of the frame and includes the engine and the pushing propeller inside the aerodynamic ring, as well as The mounting point of the ends of the soft wing wing system of the sling system, placed in the upper part of the power frame, is made in the form of a hydrodynamic surface, the profile of the aerodynamic ring is wing-shaped, at least the rear wheels are made with a separate drive of their rotation, the front and rear wheels are made with a drive rise to the level above the bottom of the frame, made four-post to accommodate the attachment points of the wings folded along the hull and the placement unit of the fired rescue parachute system, while on the frame is placed a helical rotor with a rotational drive of the helicopter blades, which are made foldable in the direction of the aerodynamic ring.

These signs are essential and sufficient to achieve a technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of performance, which is presented on:

FIG. 1 - a general view of a transforming hybrid vehicle, side view, carrying surface - a helical rotor;

FIG. 2 is a general view of a transforming hybrid vehicle, front view, a carrying surface — a soft wing of the paraglider type;

FIG. 3 is a general view of a transforming hybrid vehicle with a hydrodynamic surface (such as a boat hull), side view;

FIG. 4, the first example of the performance of the wing-shaped profile of a vehicle stabilizer;

FIG. 5 is a second example of the performance of a wing-shaped profile of a vehicle stabilizer;

FIG. 6 The third example of the performance of the wing-shaped profile of the stabilizer of the vehicle;

FIG. 7 fourth example of the performance of the wing-shaped profile of the stabilizer of the vehicle;

FIG. 8 fifth example of the performance of the wing-shaped profile of the stabilizer of the vehicle;

FIG. 9 is a sixth example of the performance of a wing-shaped profile of a vehicle stabilizer;

FIG. 10 a general view of a transforming hybrid vehicle with a helical rotor with blades laid out;

FIG. 11 is the same as in FIG. 10, the blades are folded;

FIG. 12 is a front view of a transforming hybrid vehicle with a pushing propeller inside an aerodynamic ring;

FIG. 13 is a side view of a transforming hybrid vehicle with folded aircraft wings;

FIG. 14 is the same as in FIG. 13, front view in a 3/4 perspective.

FIG. 15 is a front view of a transforming hybrid vehicle with one aircraft wing deployed;

 FIG. 16 is a side view of a transforming hybrid vehicle with an open soft wing;

FIG. 17 shows a diagram of a change in the position of the wheels relative to the lower level of the hydrodynamic surface of the housing;

FIG. 18 is the same as in FIG. 17, front view of the housing.

According to the present invention, the construction of a transforming hybrid vehicle that can move on the ground, on water, snow, ice, swamp and other environments that allow for bottom gliding, as well as fly, is considered.

Transforming hybrid vehicle includes a base in the form of a power frame with a seat for at least one pilot. The power frame can be an iso-truss or one-piece design with a bottom surface made of composite, aluminum or titanium materials. The lower part of the frame is made in the form of a hydrodynamic surface 1 for sliding on the supporting surface (snow, water, swamp, etc.) (Fig. 3. 11, 12). The hydrodynamic surface (the lower part of the hull) has the appearance of a boat, a flat-boat or a sleigh or another. It can be made of composite materials, aluminum or titanium alloys to ensure minimal adhesion to the supporting surface and the possibility of sliding along it. Since the vehicle has a lower part of the hull in the form of a hydrodynamic surface (like a boat or other waterfowl), it has buoyancy.

In general, the frame is made four-rack for the organization of the power environment in relation to the pilot's seat. And it can be formed body 2 aerodynamic streamlined shape with glazing (Fig. 1). This enclosure can be completely enclosed and made of lightweight composite materials, forming a capsule. The capsule is aerodynamically streamlined to reduce drag. The capsule has a frontal glazing and two easily removable transparent doors of a large area that serve the pilot for viewing. A vehicle can be one, two, three, four or more local, and have a trunk. Using the original design of motorcycle capsules made of composite materials: fiberglass and carbon fiber, the use of embedded parts, all this significantly improves the rigidity of the device, the safety of the pilot (driver) and passenger (s) and allows you to use the vehicle in different environments: on land, water, ice, snow and air.

To the front of the frame are mounted the left and right front landing gear with the front wheels 3, spaced on the sides of the specified frame and forming a steerable wheel assembly. The front struts can be closed by a fairing, which reduces aerodynamic drag. On the body or on the indicated front fairings, headlights can be fixed, which serve to facilitate take-off and landing at night. The front landing gear is equipped with swivel wheels. To rotate the front landing gear to the left and right is a rack and pinion mechanism, driven by pedals.

On the rear of the load frame there are mounting points for the right and left rear struts for the rear wheels 4 and their shock absorbers, mounting points for the power plant 5. The rear landing gear legs separated on the sides of this frame are equipped with rear wheels 4 with disc brakes. The diameter of the front wheels is larger than the diameter of the rear wheels, the distance between which is greater than the distance between the front wheels.

The wheels can be placed in the wheel wells 6, made in the lower part of the frame, while all the wheels (front and rear wheels) are made with a drive to lift them to a level above the level of the frame bottom (Fig. 17 and 18). The wheels that form the chassis are installed according to the classical four-post scheme, but they differ in the form of the possibility of cleaning into the body or along the side surface of the body to a level above the lowest point of the hydrodynamic surface (Fig. 18).

At least the rear wheels 4 can be made with a separate drive of their rotation, or all the wheels are made drive (electric wheels) from individual drives or from a common transmission. On the developed vehicle for movement on various types of surfaces, you can use and / or install a different type of engine: electric, electric wheel, internal combustion engine (ICE), etc.

The use of a modernized design of a four-rack chassis with an increased base and ground clearance, level of depreciation allows the device to be used in off-road conditions with the possibility of taking off from an unprepared surface and landing on it.

The power plant 5 consists of an engine placed on the frame of the power plant and located behind the pushing propeller 7 installed inside the profiled aerodynamic ring 8, which serves to increase the thrust of the specified screw. In this case, the pushing propeller 7 is made folding along the frame. Cleaning is done through the use of actuators and / or hydraulic cylinders, mechanics are possible, as a duplicate system. And the aerodynamic ring is made with the fence of the zone of operation of the pushing propeller. The traction screw is located behind the vehicle and can fold into the body.

The screw guard has a special profile that creates additional driving force. This allows the device to save fuel and be stable in flight. Also an important function of the screw guard is the safety of operation and in case of destruction the screw will not fall into a person, it will be delayed by the fence, significantly reducing the speed of flight of fragments or a foreign body trapped by the screw. The profile of the aerodynamic ring is made wing-shaped. Depending on the given flight speed, the shapes of the profiles of the profiled aerodynamic ring are selected from the following: S-shaped, symmetrical, convex-flat, flowing, flat-convex, slotted (Fig. 4-9). It also creates a circular unidirectional lifting force and, with constant straight-line movement, an increase in thrust (force module) of up to 15%; stabilizes at the rate (pitch and yaw). Ring holders can be made in the form of aerodynamic stabilizers, which creates lift and directional stability comparable to aircraft stabilizers.

On the upper part of the power frame are the assembly 9 of the free ends 10 of the sling system of the dome of the soft wing 11 of the parachute type and the location of the firing rescue parachute system. Thus, it is possible to eject a soft wing and move along the air flow using its aerodynamic properties.

On the frame is placed a screw rotor 12 with a rotational drive of the helicopter blades 13 (Fig. 1), which are made foldable in the direction of the aerodynamic ring (Figs. 10 and 11). The drive of the screw rotor can be carried out both from the engine driving the pushing propeller inside the aerodynamic ring, and from a separate engine, for example, an electric motor. Thus, the vehicle in the straightened position of the helicopter blades (gyroplane) has the ability to rise into the air and movement by creating a thrust pushing propeller. When driving on a bearing surface (road or snow) due to thrust on wheels or when using a pushing propeller, the helicopter blades fold towards the aerodynamic ring.

In addition, on the side surfaces of the frame or the truss structure of the hull are attached the wing attachment assemblies 14 of the aircraft type (Fig. 13-15). When not in use, the aircraft wings are folded and arranged along the body. These wings in this position can be considered as stabilizers. These wing surfaces are used for aerodynamic stabilization of the vehicle relative to the incoming air flow in flight and to prevent its buildup in pitch and yaw, and on the surface of the earth. FIG. 13-15 shows an example of a folding wing, consisting of two pivotally connected parts 15 and 16, which are also pivotally attached to the aerodynamic ring and the truss frame structure. At the expense of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder or due to a mechanical lever system, the pilot moves the wing from the folded position to the straightened position (FIG. 15) and by means of the pushing propeller force lifts the vehicle into the air or at least lifts it above the bearing surface to move through the air .

Thus, inside the frame there are control elements of the transforming structural-power circuit (for example, actuators or hydraulic cylinders). The attachment points of the retractable wheels (chassis) are placed on the external surfaces, and the engine is located in the center or elsewhere. It is located depending on the calculated center values. The upper and side parts are used to place the wing structural elements, release and fold, and / or power connections. A pushing screw and an aerodynamic or conventional screw guard may be located at the rear of the housing. Just behind (at the stern) can be installed aerodynamic rudders. For high cross-country vehicles, ground clearance is increased (height from ground to the bottom surface of the hull).

The entire ergonomics of the device and its design allows you to make a number of transforming models using different types of bearing surfaces in the air and allow them to be as automated as possible to produce and clean.

The vehicle can be used on general roads due to the complete cleaning inside the body of the sliding parts of the apparatus, such as the wing, screw, etc.

The invention provides:

- use as a bearing surface (wing) in the air (with the possibility of quick replacement) of the structure, both with a soft wing such as a paraglider, aerosheted, and with a screw rotor, as an autogyro or two or three rotors - mono-helicopter (helicopter);

- the ability to install a rescue parachute system fired and additional external attachments, for example, for chemical work or special tasks;

Thus, the developed vehicle provides increased safety of the pilot and passengers, increased stability of the flight, as well as the possibility of using the device in various environments, in off-road conditions with the possibility of taking off from an unprepared surface and landing on it.

Movement on the ground on wheels is carried out electrically or from a conventional internal combustion engine through a transmission. Movement in other environments is carried out by creating thrust from a screw or other aerodynamic and reactive structural elements and power plants. This will allow the operator of this technology to move without stringent restrictions, depending on the need and meteorological, geographical or local conditions in different environments.

As a source of lift force on it are used: soft or inflatable wing and “conditionally” have the form of a paraglider and / or aerial stock; autogyro screw; lift screws; retractable or folding wing like on an airplane or other elements of the structure and power plant.

At the same time in the claimed design can be used the combined use of individual systems of motion education. So, when moving on the ground on wheels, additional thrust from a pushing propeller or a soft wing can be used. The soft wing can also be used when sliding on the water surface when the wheels are cleaned. When driving in autogyro mode, additional thrust from the pushing propeller can also be used.

Claims (4)

1. A transforming hybrid vehicle containing a frame with a seat for one pilot in the hull, in the front part of the power frame is mounted a rack with steering wheels, and in the rear part rear wheels spaced on the sides of the frame, mounted in the rear parts of the frame and including the engine and the pushing propeller inside the aerodynamic ring, as well as the fixing point of the ends of the sling system of the soft wing dome system, on the upper part of the power frame, characterized by the fact that the bottom of the frame is made in the form of a hydrodynamic surface for sliding on the supporting surface, the profile of the aerodynamic ring is wing-shaped, at least the rear wheels are made with a separate drive of their rotation, the front and rear wheels are made with the drive of their rise to the level above the bottom a frame made of four columns to accommodate the attachment points of the wings folded along the hull and the location of the firing rescue parachute system, with a screw on the frame th rotor with a rotational drive of the helicopter blades, which are made foldable in the direction of the aerodynamic ring. 2. Vehicle under item 1, characterized in that the pushing propeller is made foldable along the frame. 3. Vehicle under item 1, characterized in that the aerodynamic ring is made with the fence area of the work of the pushing propeller. 4. Vehicle under item 1, characterized in that the body on the frame is made of a streamlined aerodynamic shape with glazing.

Images