RU2676161C1 - Method for protection of melon against melon fly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: to protect melons from melon flies and other types of soil-borne pests during various phases of their development, such as click beetles and cut worms, carry out the introduction of a microbiological product consisting of a mixture of three types of biological preparations – bioinsecticides Metarrhizium anisopliae, Beauveria brongiartii, Streptomyces avermytillus, prepared directly in the tanks of a seedling machine. Invention allows to reduce the survival rate of seedlings of melons for 8–12 days and to cause a further positive growth-promoting effect on the development of plants.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase the yield and reduce the pesticidal load on the environment.

1 cl

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology, agricultural microbiology and relates to the protection of melon from a pest - melon fly.

An increase in the spread and harmfulness of soil-borne pests has recently been caused by a lack of effective plant protection products, a ban on previously widely used chemical insecticides, and a disruption in crop cultivation.

One way to solve this problem is the use of biological products.

There is a method of using various chemicals to reduce the harmfulness of soil pests - phytonematodes [1]. The advantages of this method are that the introduction of nematicides with irrigation water provides:

- their good penetration and uniform distribution in the soil;

- maintaining activity for a long time.

Nematicides are applied with irrigation water using various irrigation equipment. Acceptance of the application of agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, chemical ameliorants, etc.) with irrigation water is widespread in the USA, Israel, the Netherlands, Canada, Germany and other countries. However, the main disadvantage of the nematization method is the use of mainly potent highly toxic chemicals (carbosulfan, carbofuran, phenamiphos), which have a generally destructive effect and are dangerous, harmful to a useful concomitant biota.

A known method of protecting plants from soil pests of agricultural crops using the biological product metarizine [2]. The basis of the biological product is the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, which reduces the harmfulness of nutcrackers in plantings. It is brought to the site occupied by the pest when planting plants, in particular, when planting tobacco plants, together with irrigation water (drug consumption rate of 10 l / ha). The advantages of this method are:

1) getting the drug into the basal zone where pests are localized - the larvae of the nutcrackers;

2) optimal hydrothermal conditions for the bioagent.

3) lack of need for special equipment for making. The disadvantage of this method is that the biological effectiveness against larvae of melon flies and imagoes of nutcrackers is in the range of 66-73%, which is often insufficient when the number of larvae is above the economic threshold of harmfulness (for example, EPI = 0.5 ind./m ² on tobacco ) In addition, the drug metarizine has a weak effect on other soil pests, for example, biting scoop.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a technical solution according to WO 2015/069708 A1 05/14/2015 Compositions and methods for treating pests "[3], which discloses the composition of biopesticides compositions containing one to several entomopathogenic fungi, as well as methods of using such compositions for controlling insects pests, including melon fly, using a mixture of biopesticides of the species Metarhizium anisopilae, Beauveria, Streptomyces. Before using the above mentioned biopesticides can be diluted with water.

The claimed invention differs from this closest analogue in that the mixture uses biopesticides of the species Beauveria brongiartii and Streptomyces avermytillus, which improves the effectiveness of the control of these pests.

The purpose of the proposed invention to protect melons from melon flies is to increase the effectiveness of the biological method of protecting melon plants from melon flies and other related soil pests, as well as to obtain environmentally friendly crop products that are environmentally friendly to humans.

The way to protect melons from soil insects, in particular from melon flies, is as follows: a dry mixture of biopesticides of the species Metarhizium anizopliae, Beauveria brongiartii and Streptomyces avermytillus, stabilized on Cavelos 35/05 adsorbents (80%) and kaolin (10%) , with an initial cumulative titer of cells of 6 E8 CFU / g of the drug, it is introduced into the area populated by pests in the row zone simultaneously with irrigation water when planting melon seedlings, moreover, a solution of a mixture of biopesticides is prepared directly in the containers of the transplanter at the rate of 100-500 g dry s Mesi is dissolved in 10 liters of water and applied per 1 hectare.

The proposed method, which differs from the known analogues in that it is directed not only against the melon fly, but also against the nutcrackers and other soil-borne pests, such as gnawing scoops, which is the introduction to the area inhabited by pests, simultaneously with irrigation of water combined with planting seedlings, a mixture of three types of solutions of biological preparations of bioinsecticides: Metarrhizium anisopliae, Beauveria brongiartii, Streptomyces avermytillus, prepared directly in the containers of the transplanter, is environmentally friendly and allows it significantly increases the effectiveness of protective methods, covers several types of pests in different phases of their development, reduces the survival period of melon seedlings by 8-12 days, causes further positive growth-promoting action and plant development, since the nutrient substrate used for bacterial and fungal bioagents, has a positive effect on melon.

On the control without biologic treatments, a significant decrease in melon yield was obtained.

Using the proposed method of protecting melons from melon flies, it is possible to significantly reduce melon damage by 80% and to obtain a reliable increase in yield of 5-15 kg / ha with melon yields on drylands of 15.0-16.0 t / ha, as well as provide a positive environmental effect, because it is environmentally friendly to humans and beneficial biota. In addition, this method can be applied to any seedlings or rainfed crops to protect against other multi-row soil insects.

The invention is aimed at improving the quality of crop production, meets the requirements of environmental safety.

Its use has a positive effect, manifested in three areas:

1) economic:

- increase in the profitability of agricultural production due to increased plant productivity, which contributes to the import substitution of crop products;

- creating conditions for ensuring high quality of products;

2) environmental:

- creating favorable conditions for improving the environmental situation;

- prevention of a number of plant diseases;

- obtaining environmentally friendly crop products that are environmentally friendly to humans and healthy biota;

- use on any seedling or rainfed culture to protect against other multi-row soil-borne insects;

3) social:

- Contributing to increasing the export of crop and livestock products, raw materials and food as they saturate the domestic market.

Used sources

1. Vorobyova N.N. “The introduction of nematicides with irrigation water” // Agro-industrial production: experience, problems and development trends. - Ser. 2. - No. 2. - 1991. - p. 33-41].

2. Filipchuk O.D., Lysenko A.E., Fedina E.A. and others. "Metarizine in the system of tobacco protection from wireworms" // Production of environmentally friendly crop production. Regional recommendations. VNIIBZR. - Pushchino. - 1995. - issue. 1. - p. 311-313.

3. Compositions and methods for treating pests. - WO 2015/069708 AI (NOVOZYMES BIOAG A / S), 05/14/2015.

Claims (1)

A method of protecting melon from a melon fly and other types of soil-borne pests in various phases of their development, such as nutcrackers and biting scoops, including introducing a microbiological agent consisting of a mixture of three species into the area populated by the pests, simultaneously with watering the seedlings biological preparations - bioinsecticides Metarrhizium anisopliae, Beauveria brongiartii, Streptomyces avermytillus, prepared directly in the containers of the transplanter, which reduces the survival period of melon seedlings by 8-12 days and you yvayuschy further positive growth stimulating effect on the development of plants.