RU2675790C2 - Method of forensic control of sawed wood and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the forensic control of a felled forest. Method of forensic control of sawed wood in the conditions of cutting, warehousing and transportation, including field, forest, road, water and railways, based on the use of a needle probe, a gas analyzer and a drill, and the drill is provided with a crown for milling in order to create an annular groove for the probe in wood and to obtain sawdust, in order to collect the material facts of cutting fresh wood with the help of a needle electro probe, the moisture content of the wood is measured, after which the sawdust is dumped into the gas analyzer, and with the help of a gas analyzer, the properties of gas and resin extracted from wood are analyzed and stored.EFFECT: increase in the reliability and safety of evidence is achieved.3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to forensic and measuring equipment, namely to the forensic control of sawn timber, with an increased degree of reliability and safety of evidence.

As a basis, a combination of devices is used in the form of an electric probe and a gas analyzer (or a collector of resins and gases for subsequent physicochemical and other acceptable analysis, for example, using service dogs) with their use in operational search activities. The use of the instruments included in the complex for other purposes is not included in the range of forensic tasks for identifying theft of wood. Forest is a rather expensive product that belongs to the category of natural resources, changing its properties over time. In this regard, many devices are not considered separately from forensic tasks.

Partially, instruments are shown in applications, for example, a hammer with needles for a wood moisture meter G125, which is suitable for the moisture meters DT-129 and DT-125G for measuring the moisture content of all wood species, but is not used for physicochemical analysis of tar and gas (odors). It is also necessary, but requires time and resources.

Gas analysis itself is important for analyzing sawn trunks or stumps remaining in the forest. Naturally, it can also have a secondary purpose.

Well-known episodic large forest fires, for example, in the Volga region, which in general are easily predictable and are accompanied by losses and theft of the forest and uncoordinated actions of the Ministry of Emergencies and city administrations. Another feature is that the forest is better protected wherever there is a small population, and where the residents manage their fire prevention and extinguishing equipment.

The terrain and heavy smoke, for example, in the mountains of California and in peat bogs near Moscow, also affect.

The present invention does not completely solve the problem of preventing and extinguishing fires, but contributes to the reduction, but the spread of unauthorized cutting. For example, in the western part of the Togliatti forest, fires and sources have not been extinguished since 2010, and in the eastern part, where the density of pedestrians and tourists is higher, they were extinguished mainly by the sand on which the forest grows. Formally, neither the population nor the city hall are responsible for the forest, but the population itself extinguishes fires in light winds. The participation of foresters and police officers is evident from the removal of scaffolding after fires.

The forensic problem arose 3 years after the fire, when, along with clearing the burned forest, they began to secretly take out the construction forest (these are pine trees in Tolyatti), where sawn sections are not visible from the roads. The theft of a young forest is motivated by planned deforestation.

Pine trees that are transported to and from Orenburg, possibly by the “New Silk Road” direct railway through Russia, Kazakhstan, and China, as shown on the map in Appendix 1.

Illegal deforestation is considered by the foresters and the police as planned and forensic in nature formally does not have, which is confirmed by the relevant resolution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Togliatti dated 04/22/2016 and letter No. 69/10043 of 04/25/2016.

At the same time, the cost of the exported and reckoned burnt forest is high, that high-quality forensic control is able to solve this problem, both in the forest and on the roads in any places of control and even at any time of the day.

To identify offenses and conduct operational investigative measures, it is required to use special forensic techniques for direct use.

Appendix 2 shows a hammer with needles for a wood moisture meter. However, the needles of the hygrometer are not reliable enough to handle, and the smells of the forest are not perceived by the device.

A well-known close solution, however, is used in the search for corpses, described in the book by A.A. Exarchopulo “Forensic Technology: Textbook and Workshop for Academic Baccalaureate” - Moscow: Yurayt, 2016. - 416 p.

On p.37 of this book, descriptions of 2 types of devices for searching for corpses that are organic, like wood, oil and much more are presented. To search for corpses in the earth, 2 types of devices are used - an electric probe and a gas analyzer. By immersing 2 electrodes in the ground to a depth of 1.5 m, the electrical conductivity of the soil saturated with decomposition products of the cadaveric mass is measured. It is different for places of decomposition of a corpse. For convenience, the probe has 2 electrodes connected in one rod having a pointed end and connected to a device that records current strength. Naturally, at a depth, a long probe may break if there are obstacles left in the ground.

To improve contact with the wood, the hammer described above is sometimes used, but it leaves foreign bodies in the wood, sometimes solid nails as needles of the electric probe. This is not at all necessary.

In addition, when using the gas analyzer in winter, ice may form in wet wood, which does not contribute to control.

A typical gas analyzer is based on an express analysis of gaseous substances released during rotting of a corpse. For analysis, special chemical reagents and a manual drill are used. The sample is taken at a depth of 1-1.5 m. The disadvantage is the large depths and the inability to use pieces of ice at low temperatures.

The described combination of 2 different devices is also quite difficult to use for the operational control not of corpses, but of wood. The needles bend, long electrodes, a hand drill, a shovel and, presumably, many other devices are required. In addition, the influence of low temperatures, and the weakness of gas analysis remain as a disadvantage. Hardness of wood (especially hardwood, like common oak) is also a drawback.

The invention eliminates all these disadvantages. For this, an additional tool is introduced, a special crown of the desired diameter (appendices 3 and 4), which makes fresh grooves in the wood for the needles of the electronic probe, and fresh sawdust for the gas analyzer. This increases the reliability and productivity of the control and ligament operations with both instruments to collect material evidence that the sawn and old wood in logs and sawdust is fresh or not. Green branches of a sawn forest may not indicate this. Snapping to a map and terrain using a navigator or landmarks on the terrain is carried out in much the same way as in an accident (traffic accident).

Perhaps night photography of vehicles with wood with light filters as in 61 of the above book A.A. Exarchopulo (“Forensic Technology: Textbook and Workshop for Academic Baccalaureate” - M: Yurait, 2016. - 416 p.) Or in other similar literature.

The heating of ice chips and grooves by a heater is considered quite obvious, not requiring an inventive step.

The purpose of the invention is to eliminate the noticed drawbacks of the specified prototype (corpse finder) during forensic monitoring of sawn wood.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of forensic control of sawn timber in the conditions of sawing, storage and transportation, including field, forest, roads, water and railways, based on the use of an electronic probe, gas analyzer and drill that use a drill with a crown (crown on wood) to create a fresh annular groove for the probe in the wood and fresh sawdust for analysis and storage of the properties of gas and resin in the wood using a gas analyzer.

The method also differs in that they make aerial surveys before and after the fire and process changes to unauthorized territories used for cutting down forests.

In the method, milling of wood with a crown is carried out in 2 stages, with removal and utilization of the surface layer of wood at stage 1, and stage 2 is working in its depth and sawdust.

At night illumination of old and sawn logs in the back of a car or a car, filters are used.

The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprises a needle-type electric probe and a gas analyzer for monitoring electrically conductive and gas resinous wood formations, a drill, for example, a cordless one, characterized in that the drill is equipped with a crown to create an annular groove for immersing the probe needles in the wood and use sawdust for analyzing the properties of gas and resin in wood.

The figures show:

FIG. 1. Scheme for drilling grooves in wood and obtaining sawdust for gas analysis using a crown and a drill.

Fig 2. The scheme for measuring the moisture content of wood in the grooves made by the crown using a needle hydrometer.

FIG. 3. Reset sawdust to the gas analyzer.

FIG. 4. The drilling pattern of a log or stump along the border of a saw cut and the bark of a log.

Recommended applications show:

Appendix 1. Map of the Silk Road Railway.

Appendix 2. A hammer with needles of a wood moisture meter.

Appendix 3. Crowns of the desired diameter are selected according to the distance between the needles of the hygrometer.

Appendix 4. Standard set of crowns.

Appendix 5. Typical probe for humidity control.

Appendix 6. Universal portable gas analyzers according to the patent US 8388907 and the links in the patent.

The figures indicate: 1 - log, 2 - stump, 3 - drill with battery 4, crown 5, sawdust 6, scoop 7, 8 - groove, 9 - needle hydrometer, 10 - needles. 11 - gas analyzer, 12 and 13 - angular (about 45 degrees) position of the drill 3 relative to the stump 2 and log 1.

The method and device are implemented in the following order. A drill 3 connected to the network with a battery 4 and a crown 5 mounted on the drill is fed to the log 1 or stump 2. The rotating crown 5 forms sawdust discharged into the scoop 7, and in the log (stump) an annular groove 8 is the size of the hygrometer needles 9 and needles 10 The moisture content of wood is measured in various positions and the result of moisture is documented as the first material evidence of sawing fresh wood.

The next stage is the dumping of sawdust 7 into the gas analyzer 11. The analysis of gas and resin is performed according to the instructions for the device. The device is placed in a bag, marked and used as a second material evidence of sawing fresh wood.

To reduce waste and damage to wood from drilling with a crown 12 or 13, it is guided at an angle of, for example, 45 degrees.

The use of corona, annular grooves and sawdust allows you to combine the probe and gas analyzer into a single process of collecting material facts of cutting fresh wood.

Applications are presented for the police, teachers and students, since in the textbooks of forensic technology these methods and devices are not.

Claims (3)

1. A method for the forensic control of sawn timber under conditions of sawing, storage and transportation, including field, forest, automobile, water and railways, based on the use of a needle probe, gas analyzer and drill, and the drill is equipped with a crown for milling in order to create an annular groove for an electronic probe in wood and obtaining sawdust, while to collect material facts of cutting fresh wood using a needle probe, the moisture content of the wood is measured, after which they discharge the sawdust into the gas analyzer, and using the gas analyzer analyze and store the properties of the gas and resin extracted from the wood. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the milling by the crown is carried out in 2 stages, with the removal and utilization of the surface layer of wood at the first stage, followed by a second drilling step along the entire depth for inserting the probe needles and obtaining sawdust for the gas analyzer. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it additionally carry out lighting and photographing of old and sawn logs in the back of a car or a car using light filters.

Images