RU2646906C1 - Cap primer (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: small arms.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to cap primers of cartridges of small arms, such as pistol, rifle, including cartridges for automatic weapons, hunting weapons, including environmentally friendly non-inflammable impact-ignition composition without heavy toxic metals. According to the first variant, the cap primer comprises a cap with a layer of impact-ignition composition placed therein, covered with a protective coating, in which the anvil rests, the impact-ignition composition contains the following components, wt %: potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane 30–60, tetrazene 3–5, silicocalcium 15–25, boron 5–7, nitric acid bismuth 35–50. According to the second variant, the cap primer comprises a cap with a layer of impact-ignition composition placed therein, covered with a protective coating, in which the anvil rests, the impact-ignition composition contains the following components, wt %: potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane 30–60, tetrazene 3–5, silicocalcium 15–25, aluminum 0–5, barium nitrate 40–50. Cap primer can be made in the form of a cap primer of Berdan, or Boxer, or Zhevelo type.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the stability of the ballistic characteristics of the cartridge.

3 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The group of inventions relates to igniter caps (KB) of small arms cartridges, such as pistol, rifle, including cartridges for automatic weapons, hunting weapons (for smoothbore and rifled weapons). More specifically, the invention relates to KB, including environmentally friendly non-rusting impact-ignition composition (UVS) without the content of heavy toxic metals.

One of the main structural elements of KB of various types, such as Berdan, Boxer, Zhevelo, is a metal cap with a protective material placed on the bottom of the UVS, covered with a protective cover against which the anvil rests.

The energy characteristics of the UVS significantly affect the characteristics of the cartridge, including the temperature gradient of the shot and the thermal stability of the cartridge. The temperature gradient of a shot is a change in ballistic characteristics when the temperature range changes, and the lower this indicator, the higher the effectiveness of the shot. The increase in the thermal stability of the cartridge depends on how efficiently the combustion engine ignites the propellant charge. The choice of the optimal qualitative and quantitative ratio of the ingredients of the UVS ensures reliable operation of the HF.

Currently, cartridges of small arms equipped with KB are still used, the fire-fighting equipment of which contains explosive mercury, Berthollet salt and antimony [1]. Possessing acceptable energy and ballistic characteristics, these KBs, however, in many respects do not satisfy modern requirements. Contributing to accelerated corrosion, the combustion products of hydrocarbon-based explosives based on explosive mercury and barletol salt lead to a significant reduction in the resource of weapons. In addition, in the economic conditions of modern Russia, the factor of high cost and scarcity of raw materials that have become foreign - mercury and antimony - has acquired considerable importance.

There are also shock KBs, in which lead trinitroresorcinol (TNRS) is used instead of explosive mercury as an initiating explosive of explosives.

For example, an ignition-proof non-rusting impact composition is known (patent RU No. 2296733, publ. 04/10/2007), which contains lead trinitroresorcinol (TNRS), tetrazene, silicocalcium, barium nitrate and tetranitrate pentaerythritol. The ratio of the components is as follows, wt.%: TNRS 16-20, tetrazene 1.5-2, silicocalcium 49-54, barium nitrate 20-24, TEN 6-10.

Such KB, containing the so-called non-rusting air-blast, practically do not cause corrosion of weapons. But the thermal and moisture resistance and the guaranteed shelf life of this HCS is not higher than that of the explosive one, and the ballistic properties of KB with it are inferior to the explosive one. Another drawback of the use of such a composition in KB is its toxicity due to the presence of lead in the main products of combustion, which negatively affects human health and the environment.

Until recently, it was necessary to put up with the content of toxic heavy metal compounds in the combustion products of KB. In the conditions of warfare and when shooting outdoors, the toxicity of the products of the shot was practically not paid attention. But with the development of sports and training shooting at shooting ranges, the issue of toxicity became relevant. It was especially aggravated due to toughening the environmental requirements of national and international health and environmental organizations, which recognized a number of elements (including mercury and lead) as not only harmful to health, but extremely dangerous due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.

The main direction of KB improvement is the replacement of initiating explosives (TRS), especially explosive mercury, which has a relatively low thermal stability, and components containing harmful heavy metals, such as lead, with safe and effective ingredients.

The potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan (adduct of 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan with potassium hydroxide, CDNBF) turned out to be one of these components of HCS. For the first time in Russia, its use as IVV has been known for a long time (patent RU No. 7215, publ. 12/31/1928). However, the potassium dinitrodinitrosobenzene described in this source of information (currently KDNBF) for use in pure blasting cartridges or in a mixture with other explosives does not meet the current ballistic performance requirements and cannot be used in modern small arms cartridges, which is its flaw.

Known igniter non-rusting impact composition (patent RU No. 2317966, publ. 02.27.2007), which is used in igniter capsules of small arms cartridges. This composition contains, wt.%: Potassium dinitrobenzofuroxanate 30-40, tetrazene 4-7, marble chips 50-65 as a sensitizer.

This technical solution has the following disadvantages. Marble chips, due to its hygroscopicity, have increased moisture resistance. Such a negative indicator affects the decrease in energy characteristics and instability of the ignition of the powder charge, and, therefore, failures can occur during firing.

Known igniter caps for ignition of transitional and propellant charges (patent RU No. 2443969, publ. 02.27.2012), selected as a prototype. This KB includes a cap located at the bottom of the sleeve with a cap, containing a non-rusting UVS covered with a protective coating on top of which the anvil rests. UVS has increased energy characteristics and contains components, wt.%: Monobasic potassium stifnate 20-70; diazodinitrophenol 15-40; potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan 2-10; energy supplement 4-10; sensitizer 5-20. As an energy additive, finely dispersed metals are used: aluminum, boron, titanium.

The disadvantages of this KB is the following. The monobasic potassium styphnate is a hygroscopic material and, therefore, has increased moisture resistance, which can lead to misfire KB and reduce the ignition of the propellant charge. Diazodinitrophenol is a harmful substance with increased toxicity. This is especially evident in the production of hydrocarbons. The relatively low content of potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan contributes to a decrease in the energy characteristics of the composition.

The technical problem faced by the developers is the creation of a new design bureau containing a non-rusting environmentally friendly hydrocarbon fired from domestic non-deficient components, the use of which will increase the stability of the ballistic characteristics of small arms cartridges.

The arisen problem is solved with the help of the proposed inventions.

According to the first embodiment, the igniter capsule contains a cap with a layer of impact-ignition composition covered with a protective coating against which the anvil rests, the impact-ignition composition contains potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane, tetrazene, silicocalcium, boron, bismuth nitrate, in the following ratio of components .%:

Potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan 30-60 Tetrazene 3-5 Silicocalcium 15-25 Boron 5-7 Bismuth nitrate 35-50

According to the second variant, the igniter capsule contains a cap with a layer of impact-ignition composition placed in it, covered with a protective coating against which the anvil rests, the impact-ignition composition contains a potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane, tetrazene, silicocalcium, aluminum, barium nitrate components in the following ratio .%:

Potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan 30-60 Tetrazene 3-5 Silicocalcium 15-25 Aluminum 0-5 Barium Nitrate 40-50

In addition, the igniter capsule according to all variants can be made in the form of a Berdan, or Boxer, or Zhevelo type igniter capsule.

The technical result obtained from the inventions is to reduce the temperature gradient of the shot and increase the heat resistance of the cartridges.

The igniter capsule contains traditional structural elements inherent in its various types, such as Berdan, Boxer or Zhevelo, the main and most responsible is the cap with the UVS layer placed, covered with a protective coating on top, for example a foil mug or varnish, which the anvil rests on.

New in the proposed group of inventions is the qualitative and quantitative ratio of the components of HCS, claimed for all options for HF. The choice of components and their ratio is determined experimentally.

The igniter capsule operates as follows.

In the prepared metal cap KB, according to the proposed options for execution, the UVS is pressed. Curb KB is inserted into the cartridge of the appropriate caliber. From the strike of the striker of the weapon along the bottom of the KB, the combustion of explosive explosives begins (KDNBF and tetrazene), a certain amount of energy is released, which is enough to start both the combustion process of the explosive explosive and the ignition of the remaining components of the mixture. During combustion, thermal energy is released at high speed and transferred to the oxidizing agent (bismuth nitrate or barium nitrate). It releases oxygen, which is necessary for complete combustion of both the products of the decomposition of TRS and fuel (silicocalcium). When burning, silicocalcium increases the temperature of the flame and forms a sufficient amount of solid hot particles, which serve as the main focus, and thereby ensures the creation of a sufficiently burning and strong beam of fire (force flame), igniting the propellant charge of the cartridge. Boron or aluminum also reacts with the oxidizing agent, and additional energy is released.

The use of CDNBF as an IVV and the addition of tetrazene as a sensitizer, which increases the sensitivity of the composition to impact, as well as their ratio in the indicated amount, is optimal for ensuring stability requirements for ballistic characteristics.

The content of CDNBF is less than 30 wt.% And tetrazene less than 5 wt.% Leads to a decrease in the energy characteristics of the composition and low flammability of the propellant charge, and CV misfires also occur.

The content of these components over the declared range of values, namely, CDNBF more than 60 wt.% And tetrazene more than 5 wt.%, Helps to increase energy characteristics, which can cause an abnormal shot and destruction of explosives. In addition, due to the increased sensitivity and initiating properties of these ingredients, an increase in their quantity is dangerous during the production of hydrocarbons, KB cuts can occur, which is unacceptable.

Bismuth nitrate (according to the first embodiment) or barium nitrate (according to the second option) selected as an oxidizing agent allows to achieve the greatest efficiency in the declared range of values. Thus, the content of bismuth nitrate less than 35 wt.% Or barium nitrate less than 40 wt.% Will contribute to the emergence of non-optimal conditions for the combustion reaction. When the content of these oxidizing agents in an amount of more than 50 wt.% Is not ensured the achievement of the necessary ballistic characteristics.

Adding to the fuel, which is used as silicocalcium, a small amount of boron (according to the first embodiment) or aluminum (according to the second embodiment) in the declared range of values improves the energy characteristics of the UVS and positively affects the ignition properties of KB, this increases the ballistic characteristics of the cartridge.

The components of the proposed UVS do not contain heavy toxic metals, which contributes to the non-rusting effect on the barrel of the weapon and to improve environmental friendliness.

The prospects and validity of the development and introduction into production of a new non-rusting, environmentally friendly during the manufacture and operation of KB for small arms cartridges according to the present invention is confirmed by the results of the work.

The inventive KB underwent ballistic tests, which consisted in determining the reliability of the work of small arms cartridges.

Two versions of the air defense system for the KB were made, which equipped rifle cartridges of caliber 8.6 × 69 mm with a heavy bullet, the mass of the projectile charge of the cartridge was 5.6 g. These cartridges have high requirements for ballistic characteristics.

The UVS according to the first embodiment (KVS-7V) contained, wt.%:

dinitrobenzofuroxan potassium salt thirty tetrazene 3 silicocalcium twenty boron 7 bismuth nitrate 40

UVS according to the second option (KBS-2A) contained, wt.%:

dinitrobenzofuroxan potassium salt thirty tetrazene 3 silicocalcium twenty aluminum 2 barium nitrate 45

The tests ended with positive results and are presented in table 1.

From table 1 it is seen that the stability of the ballistic characteristics of the cartridge is observed, as evidenced by the small difference between the minimum and maximum values of the initial velocity of the shot and the pressure of the powder gases.

It should be noted that KB containing a small amount of boron (KVS-7V) as a oxidizing agent of bismuth nitrate and as an energy additive to fuel is the most promising in application, as evidenced by the results of its tests for compliance with the requirements for ballistic characteristics carried out over a wide range of temperatures. The results are shown in table 2.

From table 2 it is seen that a sufficiently high stability of ballistic characteristics in different temperature conditions helps to reduce the temperature gradient of the shot and increase the heat resistance of the tested cartridge.

According to all of the KB design options, air-blast equipment is the most optimal in terms of quality content and quantitative ratio and has good energy characteristics, reliably ignites the propellant charge during cartridge operation in various climatic conditions, which contributes to the reliable and trouble-free operation of HF.

It is also important that all components of the UVS can be made from inexpensive domestic raw materials using traditional proven technologies.

Air-blast can be used in any type of design bureau, for example Berdan, Boxer or Zhevelo.

KB according to the present invention can be used in small arms cartridges of various calibers.

The direction of improving KB proposed by the present inventions containing an environmentally friendly non-rusting UVS with an optimal qualitative and quantitative ratio of components having the necessary energy characteristics allows us to solve the technical problem of increasing the stability of the ballistic characteristics of small arms cartridges and to reduce the temperature gradient of the shot and increase the thermal stability of cartridges.

Information sources

1. A.G. Horst. Gunpowder and explosives. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1972, p. 107.

Claims (5)

1. Capsule igniter containing a cap in which a layer of shock-ignition composition is placed, covered with a protective coating, which abuts the anvil, characterized in that the shock-ignition composition contains a potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane, tetrazene, silicocalcium, boron, bismuth nitrate in the following the ratio of components, wt.%: Potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan 30-60 Tetrazene 3-5 Silicocalcium 15-25 Boron 5-7 Bismuth nitrate 35-50 2. The igniter capsule containing a cap in which a layer of impact-ignition composition is placed, covered with a protective coating, against which the anvil rests, characterized in that the impact-ignition composition contains a potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane, tetrazene, silicocalcium, aluminum, barium nitrate, components, wt.%: Potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan 30-60 Tetrazene 3-5 Silicocalcium 15-25 Aluminum 0-5 Barium Nitrate 40-50 3. The igniter capsule according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made in the form of an igniter capsule type Berdan, or Boxer, or Zhevelo.