RU2614803C1 - Wood products group treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: woodworking industry.

SUBSTANCE: wood prpducts are loaded into a impregnating container and impregnated by the hydrostatic pressure of the impregnation liquid. Before impregnating, a pack of wood products is placed in the stand vertically, with the butt down. The impregnation is carried out in an impregnating container by the hydrostatic pressure of the impregnation liquid column whose height is equal to the depth of immersion of the wood products lower ends in the impregnation liquid. The wood products upper ends are arranged in the impregnation container above the upper level of the impregnation liquid.

EFFECT: increased productivity of the timber impregnating process.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods for the protective treatment of wood and can be used in the woodworking industry for the impregnation of timber used in the form of supports.

State of the art

Untreated (natural) wood is destroyed and rots under the influence of moisture, mold. Pest is destroyed by harmful insects and mushrooms. To protect against harmful effects, wood is treated with protective compounds - antiseptics.

According to the method of treatment with antiseptics, surface application (by brush, spatula, aerosol) and impregnation are distinguished. Surface treatment does not protect the internal volumes of wood. Therefore, the main method of filling wood with antiseptics (or other liquids) is impregnation, and in most cases - impregnation under pressure.

Known methods of impregnation under pressure. The most commonly used methods of autoclave impregnation (Patyakin V.I., Tishin Yu.G., Bazarov S.M. Technical wood hydrodynamics. - M.: Lesn. Prom-t, 1990. P. 283-284; AS USSR 631335, class B27K 3/02, 1978: A.S. USSR 651948, class B27K 3/02, 1979).

The disadvantages of the known methods are the uneven distribution of the impregnating composition, the highest content of the composition in the surface area of the objects of labor, the complexity of the process and its high energy consumption, the inability to impregnate only part of the assortment - from the end to a given length.

A known method of impregnation of timber, the closest in technical essence and the achieved result. This is an anti-centrifugal impregnation method when impregnation cylinders (containers) with impregnating liquid located on a centrifuge platform are placed in a centrifugal field. They load material in pieces and begin to rotate the platform, resulting in the creation of hydrostatic pressure, the maximum along the periphery of the circle of rotation. Under the influence of this pressure, the impregnating liquid, displacing the tree sap, moves along the capillaries of the wood to the center of rotation of the centrifuge platform (Patyakin V.I., Sokolova V.A. Effectiveness of methods for impregnating wood. Journal of Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk Agrarian University, 2011, No. 5, p. 159-163 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known prototype method are: the complexity and duration of the process of piece loading and unloading of material in impregnation containers; the need for a metered replenishment of each impregnation tank with an impregnating liquid for the implementation of a subsequent impregnation cycle; the complexity and high material consumption (tens of tons) of equipment for implementing the method - a centrifuge in the form of a working platform on which containers with impregnating liquid are installed; significant energy costs for the operation of the centrifuge drive.

Disclosure of invention

The technical task of the invention is the creation of a new method of impregnation of timber, the application of which simplifies technological equipment, loading is carried out not individually by each, but in a group way into one impregnation tank, reduces the energy consumption of the process, increases its productivity. The problem is solved when applying the method of group impregnation, which includes loading timber into an impregnation tank, their impregnation due to the hydrostatic pressure of the impregnating liquid, in which, according to the invention, the loading of timber into the impregnation tank is carried out in a group way, placing a bundle of timber vertically in the crate before impregnation, orienting their butt part down, the impregnation is carried out in an impregnation tank due to the hydrostatic pressure of the column of impregnating liquid, the height of which th equal to the depth of immersion of the lower ends of timber impregnating agents, and the upper ends of the timber is bred in the impregnation tank, above the upper level of the impregnating liquid. At the same time, the weight of the crate with timber is greater than the weight of the displaced liquid that is displaced by the crate with timber.

When placing a stand with vertically arranged timber in the area of their lower ends, at the bottom of the impregnation tank there is hydrostatic pressure, the magnitude of which is greater, the greater the height of the liquid column level in the tank. This pressure displaces the cell sap from the capillary-porous space of the wood. The juice moves up, and its place is replaced by an impregnating liquid.

When impregnating timber used in the form of poles, for example poles of transmission lines, their height reaches up to 10 meters. Then the hydrostatic pressure in the region of the lower ends of such supports, almost completely immersed in the impregnating liquid, is twice the atmospheric pressure (or otherwise: in the region of the lower ends we have a pressure of one excess atmosphere). This pressure is enough to soak the support wood to a height of 1.5 meters (the usual depth of support in the ground) for about an hour.

The upper ends of the support should be placed above the surface of the impregnating liquid, that is, connected to a space in which normal atmospheric pressure is present.

The weight of the stand with timber should be greater than the weight of the displaced liquid, which eliminates the ascent of the stand with a bundle of timber when it is immersed in an impregnating liquid.

The vertical placement of timber lumps downwards contributes to an increase in the intensity of impregnation, since the natural arrangement of wood capillaries determines the predominant movement of wood sap from bottom to top.

The possibility of placing a sufficiently large amount of timber in the impregnation tank helps to increase the productivity of the process. The energy costs of implementing the method are reduced only to the cost of powering the drive of the loading and unloading device, such as a crane. Replenishment of the impregnating liquid is carried out by a pump with visual control of its upper level.

Description of drawings

The drawing shows a diagram of a site for the impregnation of timber.

The implementation of the invention

The plot contains a rope 1, a pump 2, an impregnation tank 3 with an impregnating liquid 4, a stand 5, timber 6, a replenishment tank 7.

The plot works as follows.

Timber 6, for example logs, is loaded into the stand 5 installed on the assembly site (not shown in the drawing). Then the crate with timber 6 rope 1 connected to the load gripping device (not shown) is lifted and lowered to the bottom of the impregnation tank 3, filled with impregnating liquid 4 (for example, an antiseptic), and the impregnation process is carried out.

After completing the impregnation, the crate with logs is removed from the container, the impregnating liquid drains from the surface of the logs and the crate is fed to the place of unloading of the impregnated logs. Then the process is repeated.

The impregnation tank 3 is replenished with an impregnation liquid 4 from the replenishment tank 7 using a pump 2.

The degree of impregnation can be determined (as an option) not by the gravimetric method, as well as by reducing the liquid level during the impregnation period. The duration of the impregnation for various assortments is established empirically, using, for example, tinted impregnation liquids.

Impregnation tank can be made both in the form of an in-depth pool, and in the form of a tank, the base of which is placed at ground level.

When carrying out the impregnation of timber according to the methods described in the invention and in the prototype, 10 samples of birch wood 5.1 m long, 0.2 m in diameter and 70% humidity were used. The impregnation according to the method claimed in the invention was carried out in 30 minutes to an average height of 0.27 m. In the installation according to the prototype method, the timber was impregnated for the same time, at the same length.

A comparative analysis of the proposed method and prototype allows to identify the following differences.

With almost the same intensity of impregnation, energy consumption for creating hydrostatic pressure, that is, starting, rotating and stopping a centrifuge with a diameter of a working platform of 10 m, in the prototype is ten times higher than the cost of creating the same hydrostatic pressure of the impregnating liquid in the equipment operating according to the claimed method . Piece loading and unloading of timber into the impregnation cups of the prototype is a laborious and lengthy operation. Group loading of the impregnation bath with timber samples lasted 1 min, and the impregnation cups of the centrifuge lasted 15 min. A centrifuge with a platform of 10 m is a complex, expensive, material-intensive equipment, while a set of equipment for the proposed method includes only a container for accommodating the impregnating liquid. The volume of processed materials in the prototype is negligible and is determined by the size of the centrifuge platform, while in the proposed method the dimensions of the impregnation tank are practically unlimited.

A comparative analysis of the proposed method and the prototype reveals the presence of distinctive features of the proposed method in comparison with the closest analogue, which allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

The presence of distinctive features makes it possible to obtain a positive effect, expressed in the creation of a new method of impregnation of timber, the application of which simplifies technological equipment, reduces its cost and material consumption, simplifies and accelerates loading and unloading of timber, reduces the energy consumption of the process, and increases its productivity.

Since when examining the subject matter of the invention in patent and scientific literature, no solutions were found containing the features of the claimed invention other than the prototype, it should be concluded that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The use of the method according to the claimed invention in the wood processing industry ensures that it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (2)

1. The method of group impregnation of timber, including the loading of timber into the impregnation tank, their impregnation due to the hydrostatic pressure of the impregnating liquid, characterized in that the loading of timber into the impregnation tank is carried out in a group way, placing a bundle of timber vertically in the crate before impregnation, orienting them with the butt part down , the impregnation is carried out in an impregnation tank due to the hydrostatic pressure of the column of impregnating liquid, the height of which is equal to the immersion depth of the lower torus s impregnating liquid timber, wherein the upper ends of the timber are arranged in impregnating vessel above the upper level of the impregnating liquid. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the weight of the crate with timber is greater than the weight of the displaced crate with timber of an impregnating liquid.

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