RU2603918C1 - Method of increasing potato yield - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Method of increasing potato yield includes spraying above-ground part of vegetative potato plants with a solution of a nanopreparation "Nano Gro" in irrigation water, wherein working solution is prepared by dissolving 25 granules of nanopreparation "Nano Gro" in 250 l of irrigation water, and potato plants are sprayed once at budding stage by fine spraying at consumption rate of 250 l/ha.

EFFECT: invention enables to obtain high-quality ecologically clean potatoes.

1 cl, 5 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to increase the productivity of agricultural plants, in particular potatoes.

Currently, worldwide interest in organic fertilizers has sharply increased. This is primarily due to the influence of the food consumption market. The consumer pays more and more attention to the quality of food products, their environmental friendliness, and therefore, given the market trends, the agricultural producer needs to pay attention to the quality of the product and the quality of the soil, its fertility. Soils under crops annually lose 0.5 t - 1 t / ha of humus; under row crops, losses are 1.5-3 times higher. With the loss of humus, there is a deterioration in the water-physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and a decrease in crop yields.

Traditionally, expanded reproduction of soil fertility and a systematic increase in agricultural productivity were achieved using organic fertilizers: manure, various types of compost, peat, bird droppings, green fertilizer, excess straw, crop residues (RF patent No. 2286666, class A01G 1/00, 2005; RF patent No. 2044453, CL A01G 1/00, 1993; RF patent No. 2041585, CL A01B 79/02, A01G 1/00, A01C 1/00, 1993, etc.). However, the use of organic fertilizers has significant disadvantages, which include the long term decomposition of organic substances in a form available for plant nutrition, the need for additional nitrogen for efficient decomposition, otherwise, available nitrogen from the soil is used, violations of the technology for preparing manure and composting, as well as violations of application technologies, leading to the loss of nutrients, to uneven application to the fields. In addition, there is the possibility of entering the soil of dangerous pathogenic biological objects - pathogens and weed seeds. Large application rates per 1 ha (20-50 tons per 1 ha) cause significant costs for the delivery and introduction of organic matter, the loss of useful elements during storage leads to a deterioration in agronomic value.

Currently, to increase crop yields, fertilizers based on humic acids have gained widespread use (RF patent No. 2402193, class A01G 7/00, 2009; RF patent No. 2092004, class A01C 1/06, 1992; RF patent No. 2492612, class A01C 1/00, 2012, etc.).

Humates are a group of natural macromolecular substances that, due to their structural features and physicochemical properties, are characterized by high physiological activity. They are non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and do not have embryological activity. Residual quantities of humates in plants are not found, since they are quickly included in the metabolic process. However, based on the known pore sizes in the cell wall of the roots and leaves of plants, which vary from 3.5 to 5.2 nm, we can assume that with a molecular length of 5.3-6.4 nm for fulvic acids and 9.4-10.7 nm for humic acids, the transfer of these compounds in cell walls is very difficult. Therefore, the biological effect of humic substances on living organisms is due to the fact that the molecules of humic substances and high molecular weight residues of their intracellular digestion are localized in the cell walls or in a layer directly adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane. This gives its effect: the cells do not spend energy on protective functions and energy without loss goes to division processes, which we see - plants using humic substances grow and develop better, providing an increase in yield. With the existing technology, too small a part of the molecules of humic substances gets into the cell - only a spontaneous amount of low molecular weight fragments. The consequence of this is the instability of the properties of known fertilizers containing humic substances.

To achieve high efficiency in agricultural production in recent years, new agrobionanotechnologies have been used. Numerous “food-free” drugs that can replace pesticides are being introduced into agricultural practice. In crop production, the use of nanopreparations as plant protection products and micronutrient fertilizers provides increased resistance to adverse weather conditions and an increase in productivity by an average of 1.5-2 times almost all food (potatoes, grains, vegetables, fruits and berries), technical (cotton, flax ) and other cultures. In sheltered soil, spraying them with plants strengthens their immune system, helps to reduce morbidity, increase plant yields and produce high-quality products. The effect is achieved due to the more active penetration of biologically active substances, micronutrient fertilizers into the plant due to the particle size, their special functionality and complex properties. Thus, using nanotechnology, the Nano Gro preparation was developed, the Green Lift complex mineral microfertilizer for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding of plants, and NAGRO nanofertilizer. (http://www.webagro.net/news.php?id=85488; Nanotechnology for pre-sowing seed treatment using (nano) chips. Posted on 05/15/2014 by admin Voropaeva N., Figovsky O. ** Nanotech Industries, Inc. (CA, USA) - figovsky @ gmail / com).

At the same time, it was proved that the use of known compounds in the nanostate opens up unprecedented opportunities for their action at the cellular and subcellular levels in the process of formation and development of plants (Pavlov G.V. Biological activity of ultrafine powders: monograph / G.V. Pavlov, G.E Folmanis . - M.: Research Center for Quality Problems of Training Specialists, 1999. - 78 pp .; Kutskir MV Determination of the environmental safety of nanomaterials based on morphophysiological and biochemical indicators of agricultural of cultures: thesis ... Candidate of Biological Sciences: 03.02.08 / Kutskir Maksim Valerievich. - Ryazan, 2014. - 133 pp .; Usanova Z. I. Theory and practice of creating highly productive crops of sowing oats in the Upper Volga region: monograph / Z. I. Usanova, A.S. Vasiliev. - Tver: Tver State Agricultural Academy, 2014 .-- 325 p.). In this regard, one of the most promising areas of application of nanomaterials is their use as growth-promoting substances in the cultivation of various field crops, in particular, potatoes, which occupies one of the leading places in global and domestic agriculture in terms of gross production.

It is known to use the Nano Gro nanopreparation (“Nano Gro”) to increase the yield of agricultural crops, including potatoes (Internet; website: nano-gro.com.ua, prototype). Processing vegetative potato plants is carried out by spraying them with a solution of Nano Gro "Nano Gro" in irrigation water.

The problem solved by this invention is to increase productivity and obtain high-quality environmentally friendly potatoes by using the new effective drug "Nano Gro."

The technical result from the solution of the task is to reliably provide consumers with high-quality environmentally friendly potatoes.

The object of the invention is solved in that in a method for increasing potato productivity, including spraying the aerial parts of vegetative potato plants with a solution of a Nano Gro nanopreparation in irrigation water, a working solution is prepared by dissolving 25 granules of a Nano Gro nanopreparation in 250 l of irrigation water, and potato plants are sprayed once in the budding stage with fine irrigation at a rate of 250 l / ha.

The right choice of fertilizer, the method of feeding them with plants are aimed at increasing the yield of agricultural plants, in particular potatoes, and obtaining environmentally friendly high-quality products.

The most effective organic fertilizers currently include nanopreparations, the creation and use of which is aimed at increasing the resistance of plants to adverse weather conditions and increasing yields, in connection with which the Nano Gro nanopreparation was selected for processing potato plants during its cultivation.

Nano Gro is an organic growth regulator and is a liquid organic fertilizer with the following active ingredients: sucrose 999.999998284 g / kg, Al sulfates (0.000000286 g per 1 kg of finished product), Ni (0.000000286 g / kg), Mg (0.000000286 g / kg), Mn (0.000000286 g / kg), Ag (0.000000286 g / kg), Fe sulfide (0.000000286 g / kg). Its active ingredients (sulfates of iron, cobalt, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, nickel and silver) in nanomolecular (10 ^-9 ) concentrations are combined in the form of water-soluble sucrose granules with a diameter of 4 mm and a weight of 0.05 g.

The nanopreparation Nano Gro is approved for use in agriculture in the territory of the Russian Federation (registration certificate 1439-09-111-339-0-1-0-1 (03.24.2019) and is manufactured industrially. Developer and manufacturer - Agro Corporation Nanotechnology, Corp., Headquartes 1022a Park Boulevard Massapequa Park, NY, 11762, USA, Tel .: (516) 769-0202; Fax .: (516) 977-3166, E-mail: info@agronano.com. Registrant and the exclusive distributor in the Russian Federation is Dominant LLC, 123001, Moscow, 5/1 B. Sadovaya St. Tel .: +7 (495) 229-02-49 e-mail: info @ dominanta-agro. ru.

The principle of action of the Nano Gro product is due to the creation of the effect of “imaginary stress”, which contributes to the natural response activation of the plant's defense mechanisms at the cellular level. As a result, plant immunity is strengthened, growth and development are accelerated, the quantity is increased and the quality of agricultural products improves.

Nano Gro product contains active substances in such low concentrations that only individual molecules can be found in a kilogram of a finished product. With successive dilution to a concentration of 10 ^{-9, the} substance as such disappears, only traces of its presence remain. But after the disappearance of the base substance molecule, an information field remains containing all its components. Such a field acts much faster and more efficiently than the substance itself. Water, due to the presence of a large number of hydrogen bonds and the formation of a cluster structure, is an ideal information transporter. Therefore, for a uniform distribution of information traces between clusters of water, the drug should be diluted with water and mixed thoroughly. A plant treated with an aqueous solution of Nano Gro granules instantly recognizes the information that traces of active substances carry, and treats it as a warning about impending stress (the presence of toxic compounds in the soil, abnormal temperatures, lack of moisture, as well as various viral, infectious and fungal diseases and pests). Driven by survival considerations, the plant immediately begins to prepare for impending (imaginary) stress at the cellular level, resulting in: stimulation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones (cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids); regulation of gene expression, inducing the synthesis of stressful proteins, phytoalexins and other components of the phytoimmunity system, including vitamins; adaptation to new metabolic conditions.

The use of the Nano Gro nanopreparation allows regulating metabolic processes at a high level and activating resistance to a wide range of stress factors while maintaining high crop yields (Tables 1, 3) and obtaining high-quality products (Table 5).

A working solution of the Nano Gro preparation is obtained by diluting it in the amount of water necessary for spraying potato plants with the subsequent implementation of the foliar top dressing obtained with the resulting working solution:

1) working fluid, consisting of 12.5 granules in 250 liters of water per 1 ha;

2) working fluid, consisting of 25.0 granules in 250 l of water per 1 ha;

3) working fluid, consisting of 37.5 granules in 250 liters of water per 1 ha.

The optimal consumption of the drug was established experimentally and is 25.0 granules in 250 l per 1 ha. Other studied doses of drug consumption (12.5 and 37.5 granules per 1 ha) also have a positive effect, however, the effectiveness of the solution is markedly reduced.

Processing potato plants in the budding phase is most preferable, which was established, in particular, experimentally (Tables 1, 3). This is due to the fact that during this period kidneys form on the tips of the stolons, which begin to swell, which leads to the beginning of the formation of tubers, i.e. it is during this period that the productivity of the future tuber nest is formed. Also, the budding phase is a critical period for potatoes, requiring the creation of optimal conditions for the supply of plants with elements of mineral nutrition. It is this fact that makes potato plants in the budding phase very responsive to the application of any fertilizers and growth-regulating substances, such as the Nano Gro nanopreparation. Spraying plants into other phases of the development of potato plants showed a significantly lesser effect on yield formation.

Thus, the use of the Nano Gro nanopreparation, the choice of the method of processing potato plants by it contribute to a high yield of environmentally safe and high-quality potatoes.

The invention is illustrated in tables. Tables 1 and 3 show the productivity of potatoes of the Lyubava variety and of the Nikulinsky variety, respectively, depending on the doses of processing them with a Nano Gro preparation; Tables 2 and 4 show the elements of the crop structure and photosynthetic activity of Lyubava and Nikulinsky potatoes, respectively, when they are processed by Nano Gro in the budding phase; table 5 shows the quality indicators of potato tubers of the Nikulinsky variety when applying various types of organic fertilizers.

Example 1

The plot experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Department of General Agriculture and Plant Growing of the Tver State Agricultural Agricultural Academy in 2014 on potato plants of the Lyubava variety. The area of the experimental plot is 30.02 square meters, the area of the accounting plot is 25.2 m ² . The experimental design included 4 options; the repetition was fourfold. The control option - without processing potato plants with a nanopreparation "Nano Gro." On three variants of the experiment, foliar top dressing was carried out by spraying vegetative potato plants with the complete onset of the phases: the beginning of branching of the stem, budding and flowering, nanopreparation of organic fertilizer Nano Gro with doses of the drug 12.5; 25.0; 37.5 granules in 250 l of water per 1 ha with fine irrigation in dry, calm weather. The weight of 1 granule is 0.05 grams. Visually, on the treated potato plants, an increase in the leaf apparatus was observed as compared to the control, and an increase in the productivity of the tuber nest.

Accounting for the crop was carried out by the continuous method manually in the phase of complete dying of tops. Indicators of photosynthetic activity and analysis of the structure of the potato crop were determined by the method of Z.I. Usanova (2013) (Usanova Z.I. Methodology for the implementation of scientific research and coursework on crop production: Textbook. / Z.I. Usanova. - Tver: TSAA, 2013. - 112 p.). Data on yield, yield structure, and photosynthetic activity indicators of potato plants of the Lyubava variety are given in tables 1, 2.

Example 2

Similar studies were conducted on the Nikulinsky potato variety. Data on yield, yield structure, photosynthetic activity of potato plants of the Nikulinsky variety are given in tables 3, 4.

Example 3

In 2014, on the experimental field of the Department of General Agriculture and Plant Growing at the Tver State Agricultural Agricultural Academy, on potato plants of the Nikulinsky variety, an experiment was conducted to identify the dependence of the quality of the obtained potato crop as a result of the use of various types of organic fertilizers in its cultivation technology. The experimental design included 8 options; the repetition was fourfold. The area of the experimental plot is 30.02 square meters for each experiment, the area of the accounting plot is 25.2 m ² . The control option is without fertilizer. Other options included the use of various types of organic fertilizers: cattle manure (40 t / ha) for plowing, siderat - mustard, siderat - peas, dung-sawdust compost (40 t / ha) for plowing, potassium humate (0.1% working solution), sodium humate (0.1% working solution), Nano Gro, 25 granules in 250 l of irrigation water per 1 ha. Fertilizers were used in medium and recommended doses for potato cultivation. Potassium humate, sodium humate and Nano Gro were used in the potato budding phase.

The quality indicators of the obtained potato products were determined: starch according to Evers, nitrates using the potentiometric method (Kiryukhin V.P. Methodology of physiological and biochemical studies of potatoes / V.P. Kiryukhin, E.A. Ladygina, M.M. Chegolin, A.V. Parfenova. - M .: NIIKKH, 1989. - 142 p.) Muri ascorbic acid (Voskresenskaya OL, Plant Physiology: a training manual / OL L. Voskresenskaya, N.P. Trosheva, E.A. Skochilov. - Yoshkar-Ola: Map. State university, 2008. - 148 p.), Heavy metals - atomic absorption method (Kuznetsov A.V. Methodological guidelines for the determination of heavy metals allov in agricultural land and crop production / AV Kuznetsov, AP Fesyun, SG Samohvalov, EP tiddly -. M .: CINAO, 1992).

The quality indicators of potato tubers of the Nikulinsky variety when applying various types of organic fertilizers are shown in table 5.

The main advantages of the Nano Gro product over other types of organic fertilizers include the minimum consumption for processing 1 ha of plantings, accompanied by a significant increase in the yield of tubers of high-quality organic potatoes. A positive effect is achieved due to the complex effect on plants and improvement of photosynthetic activity and yield structure while maintaining ecological balance.

Thus, the data in Tables 1-4 indicate the advantage of the options with the Nano Gro fertilizer over the untreated ones, and the data in Table 5 shows the promising use of the Nano Gro fertilizer compared to other types of organic fertilizers in the cultivation of potatoes due to the production of high-quality environmentally friendly product that fully meets the interests of the market for food consumption.

It has been experimentally established that the optimal dose of the drug is 25 granules dissolved in 250 l of irrigation water, with a consumption rate of 250 l of fertilizer obtained per 1 ha. The best time for foliar treatment is the phase of budding of potato plants.

Based on the above, it can be concluded that it is advisable to widely use the Nano Gro product in potato cultivation technology.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing potato productivity, including spraying the aerial parts of vegetative potato plants with a solution of the Nano Gro nanopreparation in irrigation water, characterized in that the working solution is prepared by dissolving 25 granules of the Nano Gro nanopreparation in 250 l of irrigation water, and spraying the potato plants once in the budding stage with fine irrigation with a consumption rate of 250 l / ha.