RU2592414C1 - Water intake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydrotechnical construction and can be used for removal of deposits on water intake facilities with intake from lower layers of water for agricultural water supply. Water intake comprises rainwater perforated tubes 10, laid into a layer of filtering surface, protective shield made from laid in a row with clearance rods 1, connected to lower side of hollow pipes 2. Hollow pipes 2 are made on upper generatrix of pipe with air outlet holes between free sections of each rod 1. Inside hollow pipes 2 are fixed on bottom additional pipes 4 with clearance. Additional pipes 4 are made from soft elastic material with micropores. Additional pipes 4 are pneumatically communicated via air duct 5 with tap 6, cavity of which is connected with compressor 7 of compressed air fed via air duct 5 into additional pipes 4. Compressor 7 is connected with time relay 8. End sections of hollow pipes 2 have washing calibrated holes 9, and end sections of additional pipes 4 are plugged.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, reliability and reduced operating costs.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular for the removal of sediment at water intake facilities when taking from the lower layers of water for agricultural water supply.

A known method of protecting the discharge into the side water intake chamber from floating litter (copyright certificate SU No. 1781367, E02B 5/08 from 1991).

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of sediment removal by a vertical threshold associated with the bottom of the supply channel, i.e. insufficiently effective protection against suspended and bottom sediments due to the lack of their agitation in the channel. At the same time, when the shield-regulator of the blocking channel is closed, sediment deposition gradually occurs; before the threshold, a prism of suspended sediment and bottom sediment deposits is formed, followed by the latter entering the perforation of the drum, which can jam its slots, while the flow of water into it decreases than is required for water intake by the consumer. In addition, the device is difficult structurally, respectively, material consumption. Thus, the channel blocking threshold in the form of a shield-regulator allows creating water backwater on a straight section of the channel, respectively, as a result of which all sediment is trapped in front of it, thereby creating a prism of deposition, there is no automatic washing out of the sediment flow along the channel length constantly.

A known method of regulating the hydraulic structure of the water flow at the intake chamber from sediment, including the installation of a regulator and a threshold in the channel, in which a corresponding energy is redistributed by moving a flat shield made in the form of a drainage threshold installed in front of the receiving chamber with a flow guide a threshold made of two sections in the form of curvilinear and rectilinear walls in the vertical direction, and the curvilinear wall is mounted on the axis with the ability to rotate, providing a stream-guiding system and kinematically connected to the overflow threshold (patent RU No. 2501907, E02B 8/02; E02B 5/08 of 12/20/2012).

However, the presence of a complex unit with the movement of the spillway threshold and flow guides makes the work with the retaining structure difficult because of the need to fill the water in front of the spillway and manual control, as well as high material consumption.

A water intake structure is known, including a retaining structure installed in the channel of the watercourse with an automatic water shutter, an overflow threshold adjacent to the shore and the retaining structure, forming a water intake chamber with a shore and a retaining structure, a water intake head with a flow rate regulator in communication with the water intake channel, and a discharge connected to the water intake head, it is equipped with a srouting element mounted on the threshold with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane and formed in the form of a horizontal sector plate and a vertical arcuate plate attached to its arched edge, the jet forming element facing the arc-shaped plate to the retaining structure, a window is made in the horizontal plate (copyright certificate SU No. 1393870, E02B 9/04 of 05/07/1988).

The disadvantages of the known device are: the need for a manual control mode for flushing the channel and taking clean water; the need for visual monitoring of the beginning of channel washing, as well as cumbersomeness and, as a result, high material consumption.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a water intake containing perforated water inlets laid in a layer of filtering dust; it is equipped with a protective removable screen placed on the filtering dust and made of separate rods laid in a row across the flow and interconnected in the upper part of the flexible communication (copyright certificate SU No. 899751, E02B 9/02; E03B 3/04 of 01/23/1982).

The disadvantages of the known water intake are the low efficiency of the removal of bottom sediment in the absence of automatic flushing from the protective screen, the rods of which are stacked in a row across the stream and inhibiting the rapid flushing of sediment. In addition, for the protective shield to operate in terms of the flow of water through the sprinkling layer of a given flow rate, it is necessary to manually lift the heavy protective shield in the direction of flow, due to flexible communication, and create a static head in front of it. This is associated with a large load on the performance of this function, while the protective screen should have a small flow length, i.e. limited by design, otherwise it will be difficult to return the curved screen to its original position. Another disadvantage is that at the time the screen is raised up, a sufficiently large pressure of water from the upstream side and the accumulation of a large amount of sediment are possible, which will complicate both washing and laying the protective screen, on the other hand, it becomes difficult to wash the sediment with a minimum water level, and also difficult to mount a protective screen.

The technical result from the use of the claimed invention is to increase work efficiency by increasing reliability and reducing operating costs.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the intake containing perforated water pipes laid in a layer of filtering dust, a protective screen placed on the filtering dust and made of individual rods laid in a row across the flow, the protective screen with the rods is made from the bottom by hollow pipes in the direction of flow with air outlets on the upper generatrix of the pipe, inside of which additional pipes with a clearance are fixed at the bottom, made of flexible flexible material having micro s, and connected to the source of compressed air supplied by the compressor temporarily connected to the time switch on the duct into the additional tube, wherein the air outlets of the hollow tube formed in a direction increasing flow.

In addition, the air outlets of each hollow pipe alternate with free sections of the pipe between the rows of individual rods.

In addition, the end sections of the hollow pipes are made by flushing calibrated holes, and the end sections of the additional pipes are plugged.

In addition, the duct connected to the additional pipes is connected through a rotary valve to a compressor.

This embodiment of the water intake device allows you to lay the protective screen on the filtering dust, without violating its structural surface (flush), in comparison with the prototype, to automate the process of washing the sediment from the protective screen without lifting it up, and the protective screen is protected differentially between the individual rods for account for the supply of compressed air through the air outlets in the hollow pipes: destruction of the expressed blockage - by the command of the compressor control time relay, through the opening of the crane a duct configured to the maximum allowable volume of compressed air inlet into an additional pipe made of soft elastic material having micropores, which is not clogged, because in the absence of air pressure in it it folds, and partially leaked water is discharged through the exhaust outlets into the hollow pipe at the end constantly through a calibrated flushing hole. This makes it possible to abandon the heavy labor costs during the operation of lifting the protective screen up and to improve its stability on the surface of the filtering dust, to facilitate fastening and thereby ensure a given water supply to the perforated water intake pipes constantly without stopping to raise the screen, and therefore provide a more uniform the length of the protective screen is the intake of clean water into the perforated pipes. In addition, there is no siltation of an additional pipe made of a soft elastic material having micropores and fixed inside a hollow pipe of a larger diameter and, as a result, ensuring the reliability of operation of the whole water intake.

According to the author, such a performance of the water intake was not previously known and meets the criterion of “significant differences”.

In FIG. 1 shows a water intake, a plan view; in FIG. 2 - the same side view; in FIG. 3 - section of the main and additional pipes at the time of supply of compressed air; in FIG. 4 - cross section is the same when there is no compressed air supply.

The water intake contains a protective screen made of rods 1 arranged in a row with a gap, connected from the bottom by hollow pipes 2 in the direction of flow. Hollow pipes 2 are made with air outlets 3 between the free sections of each rod 1 located in its upper part. The horizontal hollow pipes 2 inside are provided with additional pipes 4 made of soft elastic material having micropores, and they are fixed to the bottom of the pipes 2 with a gap to its upper part, i.e. the diameter of which is larger than the additional pipe 4. The additional pipes 4 are pneumatically connected via an air duct 5 to a valve 6, the cavity of which is connected to the compressor (K) 7 of compressed air supplied through the air duct 5 to the additional (elastic) pipes 4. The compressor (K) 7 is connected with time relay (P). The end sections of the pipes 2 are equipped with calibrated washing holes 9 for the purpose of constant cleaning (flushing) of their internal part at the time of stopping the supply of compressed air through the additional pipes 4 (Fig. 4), because otherwise the cavity of the pipes 2 at the moment when the compressed supply is turned off for a long time air can be silted with small suspended particles of soil that accidentally penetrated through holes 3. Since a given water flow during intake can penetrate between the rods 1 into the perforated pipes 10 through the filtering dust 1 1 for a given pressure mode from above the moving flow in the source, to ensure the operation of these pipes 10 in full cross section through a protective screen made of rods 1 stacked in a row with a gap and perpendicular to them in the direction of flow of hollow pipes 2 with air outlets 3 between free sections rods, in this case, to flush deposited sediments from above, the compressor (K) 7 is turned on, while the lower ends (ends) of the additional pipes 4 are plugged. Sediment is transported freely to the transit stream, and the surface layers of water penetrate between the rods 1 and the pipes 2, then through the filtering dust 11 into the perforated intake pipes 10, for example, into the consumer’s intake system.

The water intake works as follows.

Water along with the fin, debris, entrained and suspended sediment contained in it flows through the water source. On it, the bottom surface is covered with a protective shield in places with filtering dust 11 and stacked perforated water intake pipes 10 to prevent the latter from becoming clogged. When the protective shield is deposited (silted), it is regenerated by means of an air duct 5 from a source of compressed air and air is supplied under pressure, which then flows into additional pipes 4 from soft elastic material having micropores fixed to the bottom inside the hollow pipe 2 with a gap. Due to this, entrained and weighed sediments, as well as litter, are intensively agitated due to entering the pipes 4, then air enters the pipes 2 with air outlets 3 from below between the rods 1. Compressed air, breaking out through the air outlet 3 between the rods 1, loosens packed sediments with simultaneous saturation of the stream by them and transportation of the watercourse to their lower pool.

Using a compressor 7, briefly compressed air is pumped through the duct 5 into the additional pipes 4 until they are completely filled. Soft elastic pipes 4, increasing in size, bend upward, towards the holes 3 of the pipes 2, as a result of which, through the micropores of the pipes 4, the air enters the pipes 2, then into the holes 3 between the rods 1. Thus, sediment is soaked up under this pressure above the protective screen.

The process of short-term injection of a portion of air into the additional pipes 4 from the compressor 7 continues until there is a signal to turn off the relay (P) of time 8 and the air leaves the closed pipe 4 in the cavity of the pipe 2.

As a result of this action on the pipes 4 from a soft elastic material, the micropores in it are closed, which eliminates the clogging of the pipes 4.

The formation, development and transportation of such a stream with sediment occurs actively along the entire length and width of the protective screen, consisting of rods 1, which leads to a reduction in the time of washing sediment by at least 30% and the possibility of accelerating the flow of water into the filtering bed 11 in the absence of its destruction by flushing.

The design of the protective screen with hollow pipes 2 fixed from below with air outlet holes 3, inside which soft elastic pipes 4 with micropores are also fixed to the bottom, are connected to a compressed air source, for example, with compressor (K) 7, through duct 5 with a valve 6 and a relay (P) 8 times allows you to effectively and reliably use this device for automatic flushing of the protective screen. This significantly increases the efficiency of flushing the protective screen without lifting it according to the prototype from sediment with a lower discharge flow rate and for shorter discharge time. In addition, the device allows you to filter through dusting 11 and to take water into the perforated pipes 10, cleaning them from clogging, i.e. necessary quality and expense for the consumer. This increases the washing efficiency of the protective screen due to the stirring up (loosening) of sediment both along the bottom and along the entire width and length of the protective screen during operation of the device.

The efficiency of the water intake is achieved by the fact that when compressed air is supplied from the source (compressor) for a short time, when the valve is opened on the air duct, the speed and transporting ability of the turbulent flow increase, which helps to reduce the washing time by several tens of times and to reduce the specific volume of water for flushing every cubic meter of sediment. Labor productivity increases several times, operating costs are reduced.

Claims (4)

1. A water intake containing perforated water inlets laid in a layer of filtering dusting, a protective screen placed on the filtering dusting and made of separate rods laid in a row across the flow, characterized in that the protective screen with the rods is made from the bottom by hollow pipes in the direction of flow with air outlets on the upper generatrix of the pipe, inside of which additional pipes with a gap are fixed at the bottom, made of soft elastic material having micropores and connected to Sources of compressed air supplied by the compressor temporarily connected to the time switch on the duct into the additional tube, wherein the air outlets of the hollow tube formed in a direction increasing flow. 2. The intake according to claim 1, characterized in that the air outlet of the hollow pipe alternate with free sections of the pipe between the rows of individual rods. 3. The water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that the end sections of the hollow pipes are made by flushing calibrated holes, and the end sections of the additional pipes are plugged. 4. The water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that the duct connected to the additional pipes is connected through a rotary valve to a compressor.

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