RU2570111C1 - Apparatus for radar recognition of aerospace objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus for radar recognition of aerospace objects comprises a radar information processing unit, a vertical velocity component computer, a course velocity computer, first and second level classifiers, a parametric classifier, a frequency-domain recognition feature computer, a radar cross-section computer, a frequency-domain recognition feature averaging unit and a radar cross-section averaging unit, with respective connections.

EFFECT: more recognised classes of aerospace objects with a sufficiently high probability of correct recognition.

1 dwg

Description

  The invention relates to radar and can be used to recognize aerospace objects (EKO) in radar stations (radar).

Known devices that solve a similar problem [1, 2].

The disadvantage of the analogue [1], which recognizes airborne objects with a two-frequency radar space survey method, is the low probability of correct recognition and a small number of recognizable classes of airborne objects.

In the analogue [2], used in radars with a multi-frequency probing signal, the probability of correct recognition of airborne objects is higher, however, the number of recognized classes remains small.

The closest in its technical essence and technical execution is the device [3], used for the recognition of aerospace defense in the "translucent" ground-space based radar and taken as a prototype. This device comprises a radar information processing unit, a Doppler portrait shaper, a first level classifier, a second level classifier, a reference Doppler portraits block, a vertical velocity component calculator, a track velocity calculator and a parametric classifier. The operation of the prototype device is based on the comparison of information on recognized aerospace defense with a priori information on aerospace defense classes. As such information, the envelope of the Doppler spectrum of the signal is used, from which the Doppler portrait of the aerospace defense, the altitude of the aerospace flight, the vertical component of its velocity and the track speed are formed.

The disadvantage of the prototype is a relatively small number of recognized classes of aerospace defense (rocket, helicopter, fighter, transport aircraft, ballistic missile, parts of ballistic missiles).

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the number of recognizable classes of aerospace defense with a sufficiently high level of probability of correct recognition.

This goal is achieved by the fact that instead of recognizing by Doppler portrait, the device uses a frequency recognition flag, for which purpose a device containing a radar information processing unit (BO), a vertical velocity component calculator (BCC), a track velocity calculator (VTS), and a first-level classifier (KPU), the second level classifier (HLC) and the parametric classifier (PC), with the second output of the BO connected through BCC and its second output to the first input of the PTS, the third output of the BO to the second input The PTS, and the output of the control unit with the input of the HCC, additionally, a recognition frequency indicator (VCR) calculator, an effective scattering area calculator (VEPR), a frequency recognition recognition averaging block (BCHPR) and an EPR averaging block (BEC) are added, and the first BO output is connected to the first input of the CPU, the second and third inputs of which are connected, respectively, with the first output of the BCC and the output of the PTS, the output of the HCC is connected to the first input of the PC, the fourth output of the BO through series-connected VCHPR and BCHPR connected to the second input of the PC, and the fifth output of the BO h Through series-connected VEPR and BUEPR - with the third input of the PC, the output of which is the output of the device.

The figure 1 presents a structural diagram of the proposed device with the following notation:

1 - processing unit of radar information (BO);

2 - calculator of the vertical velocity component (BCC);

3 - calculator route speed (MTC);

4 - calculator of a frequency characteristic of recognition (VChPR);

5 - EPR calculator (VEPR);

6 - classifier of the first level (KPU)

7 - classifier of the second level (HLC);

8 - block averaging the frequency characteristic of recognition (BCHPR);

9 - block averaging EPR (BUEPR);

10 - parametric classifier (PC).

The proposed device consists of a unit for processing radar information BO 1, a calculator of the vertical component of the speed of BCC 2, a calculator of the track speed of the VTS 3, a calculator of the frequency sign of recognition VChPR 4 with its averaging unit BUCHPR 8, EPR calculator VEPR 5 with its averaging unit BUEPR 9, classifiers of the first and the second levels of the CPU 6 and HLC 7, respectively, and the parametric classifier PC 10. The first, second and third outputs of BO 1 are connected, respectively, with the first input, through BCC 2 - with the second input and through TS 3 - with the third input of CPU 6, the second output of the BCC 2 is connected to the first input of the PTS 3, and the output of the CPU 6 through the HFC 7 - with the first input of the PC 10, the fourth and fifth outputs of BO 1 are connected, respectively, through series-connected VChPR 4 and BUCHPR 8 - with a second input and through series-connected VEPR 5 and BUEPR 9 - with the third input of PC 10, the output of which is the output of the device.

The proposed device operates in a radar with multi-frequency sounding of the target and pulse-frequency tuning of the frequency as follows.

When processing the signal received from the radar receiver, BO 1 measures the speed of the aerospace defense by x and y coordinates (V _x , V _y ) and its height H based on the data on the range, azimuth and elevation angle of the aerospace defense received from the receiver. Also, the BO 1 receives from the receiver and relays to the calculator the frequency sign of recognition of the VCR 4 signal amplitude at each operating frequency of the radar.

Data on the height of aerospace defense from the first output of BO 1 is fed to the first input of the classifier of the first level KPU 6, and from the second output of BO 1 to the input of the BCC 2 calculator.

определяет значение вертикальной составляющей скорости V_Hi, которое подается на второй вход КПУ 6 и на первый вход ВТС 3, на второй вход которого с третьего выхода БО 1 поступают значения горизонтальных составляющих скоростей V_x и V_y. В ВТС 3 вычисляется значение трассовой скорости ВКО по формуле $$V_{Ti}=\sqrt{V_{xi}^2+V_{yi}^2+V_{Hi}^2}$$

, которое подается на третий вход КПУ 6, в котором осуществляется сопоставление информации о высоте ВКО, его вертикальной составляющей скорости и трассовой скорости с априорно заданной информацией о возможных значениях этих признаков для каждого класса цели. Априорная информация закладывается в КПУ 6 в виде координат точек плоскостей «трассовая скорость - высота», и «вертикальная составляющая скорости - высота», ограничивающих области возможных значений этих признаков для каждого класса ВКО. КПУ 6 оценивает попадание точки плоскостей «трассовая скорость - высота», и «вертикальная составляющая скорости - высота» с текущими вертикальной составляющей скорости, трассовой скоростью и высотой полета ВКО в области возможных значений соответствующих плоскостей для каждого из распознаваемых классов ВКО. Таким образом, классификатор первого уровня осуществляет предварительное распознавание класса ВКО по траекторным признакам.BCC 2 calculator according to the formula $$V_{Hi}=\frac{H_{i+\mathrm{one}}-H_i}{\Delta t}$$

determines the value of the vertical component of the speed V _Hi , which is fed to the second input of the CPU 6 and to the first input of the PTS 3, the second input of which from the third output of the BO 1 receives the horizontal components of the speeds V _x and V _y . In PTS 3, the value of the path velocity of the aerospace defense is calculated by the formula $$V_{Ti}=\sqrt{V_{xi}^2+V_{yi}^2+V_{Hi}^2}$$

which is fed to the third input of the control unit 6, in which the information on the height of the aerospace defense, its vertical velocity component and the track speed is compared with a priori information about the possible values of these signs for each target class. A priori information is laid down in KPU 6 in the form of the coordinates of the points of the planes “track speed - height” and “vertical component of speed - height”, restricting the areas of possible values of these signs for each class of aerospace defense. KPU 6 estimates the hit of the point of the planes “track speed - height”, and “vertical component of speed - height” with the current vertical component of speed, track speed and altitude of the aerospace defense in the range of possible values of the respective planes for each of the recognized aerospace classes. Thus, the first level classifier provides preliminary recognition of the class of aerospace defense by trajectory features.

The results obtained in KPU 6 go to the second-level classifier KVU 7, where the majority corrector is used, using the generalized voting algorithm [4, p. 26]. At this stage, the final decision is made on whether an aerospace defense belongs to a certain class, if it can be recognized by trajectory features, or on whether an aerospace defense belongs to a group of classes, recognition within which will be carried out by signal features: the averaged frequency recognition feature and the averaged EPR.

The frequency recognition attribute, which is calculated based on the analysis of the reflected signal received from the output 4 of BO 1 during multi-frequency sounding of the target, depends on the number and relative position of the scattering centers on the target surface [2, 4 p. 15] and actually determines the longitudinal size of the target.

The EPR of an aerospace defense is estimated based on the data received from the output of 5 BO 1 on the range and elevation angle of the target, the amplitude of the target, the echo signal and the a priori dependence of the target range with the EPR 1 m ² on the elevation angle [5].

The results of the generalized vote go to the first input of the parametric classifier, the second and third inputs of which receive data on the averaged frequency sign of the recognition of EKR from the BUCHPR unit 8 and the averaged EPR of the EKO from the BUEPR 9 block. Here the final decision is made on the class of the EKO taking into account the signal signs.

The parameters of KPU 6, KVU 7 and PC 10 are selected in accordance with the a priori distributions of signs of recognition of classes of aerospace defense, as well as on the basis of measurement errors of signs and requirements for the probability of correct recognition of classes of aerospace defense.

The described device allows you to expand the alphabet of recognizable classes by adding to the classes recognized by the prototype (rocket, helicopter, fighter, transport aircraft, ballistic missile, parts of a ballistic missile) trap classes, an automatic drift balloon, a hypersonic aircraft and a warhead unit of a hypersonic cruise missile. In this case, the probabilities of correct recognition of target classes will depend on the accuracy of determining the frequency characteristics of recognition.

As shown by field experiments and modeling, the use of the described device allows to obtain the probability of correct recognition of at least 0.8.

Thus, an introduction to a known device comprising a radar information processing unit, a vertical velocity component calculator, a route velocity calculator, first and second level classifiers and a parametric classifier, additionally a frequency recognition recognition calculator, an EPR calculator, averaging recognition frequency indicator and EPR blocks, s by appropriate connections, it was possible to achieve the claimed technical result: to increase the number of recognized classes of aerospace defense at atochno high level of probability of correct recognition.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2407033 "Device for the recognition of air targets in the two-frequency way", 12/20/2010 (analog).

2. RF patent No. 2083993 "Radar device for the recognition of air targets", 07/10/1997 (analogue).

3. RF patent №2324201 "Device for radar recognition of airborne objects", 12/27/2007 (prototype).

4. Shirman A.D. and others. "Methods of radar recognition and their modeling." Foreign Radio Electronics, 1996, No. 11.

5. Skolnik M. Handbook of radar, volume 1. Moscow, "Soviet Radio", 1976, pp. 356-395.

Claims (1)

A radar recognition device for aerospace objects containing a radar information processing unit (BO), a vertical velocity component calculator (BCC), a track velocity calculator (VTS), a first level classifier (KPU), a second level classifier (HLR) and a parametric classifier (PC ), the second output of the BO connected to the BCC, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the PTS, the third output of the BO is connected to the second input of the PTS, and the output of the control unit is connected to the input of the PLC, characterized in that it is additionally the recognition frequency calculator (VCHP), the effective scattering area calculator (VEPR), the averaging frequency recognition recognition calculator (BCHPR), and the averaging effective scattering surface averaging unit (BUEPR) are used, the first output of the BO connected to the first input of the CPU, the second and third inputs of which connected, respectively, with the first BCC output and the PTS output, the HVAC output is connected to the first PC input, the fourth BO output is connected through the VChPR and BCHPR in series with the second PC input, and the fifth BO output is subsequently flax connected VEPR BUEPR and - the third input of the PC, the output of which is an output device.