RU2561102C2 - Methods and devices for improvement of solid fuel quality - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to chemical and fuel fields of industry, as well as to the environment protection. First, data about initial solid fuel sample are compared with one or more required characteristics after processing. On the basis of said comparison index of difference in solid fuel composition is formed, and at least one working parameter of processing is determined. Index of polluting substances, separated from solid fuel in the process of its processing, is registered. At least, one parameter of processing is regulated, if registered index of polluting substances indicates that one or more required characteristics has not been achieved. At least, one working parameter is sent to controller and control device and one or more final characteristics of solid fuel, which are compared with required characteristics, is determined, and feedback information, characterising one or more final characteristics, is transmitted to device for solid fuel processing.

EFFECT: inventions provide reduction of harmful emissions.

16 cl, 13 dwg

Description

METHODS AND DEVICES INCREASING QUALITY OF SOLID FUEL

DESCRIPTION

This application claims priority by the following provisional applications, each of which, therefore, is fully integrated into it by reference: provisional application US No. 60/788,297, filed March 31, 2006, provisional application US No. 60 / 820,482, filed July 26, 2006, provisional application US No. 60 / 828,031, filed October 3, 2006, and provisional application US No. 60 / 867,749, filed November 29, 2006.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the processing of solid fuels, and more particularly, to the processing of solid fuels using microwave energy to remove pollutants.

BACKGROUND

The presence of moisture, ash, sulfur and other materials, the amount of which in solid fuel varies, usually results in incompatibility of the parameters of the combustible fuel and the formation of pollutants as a result of the combustion process. The burning of solid fuels can result in the formation of harmful gases, such as nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) and sulfur oxides (SO _x ). In addition, the combustion of solid fuels can result in the appearance of additional elements in inorganic ash. The amounts of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) that are released as a result of burning solid fuels can contribute to global warming. Each of these by-products can be formed at a different level, depending on the quality of the solid fuel used.

Various methods of processing are used to remove some undesirable substances that may be present in solid fuels, such as washing, air drying, drum drying and heating. For such procedures, it may be necessary that the solid fuel be crushed, atomized or otherwise processed to a size that is not optimal for the end user. Moreover, exhaust gas purifiers can be used to reduce gas emissions in fuel plants. Therefore, there is a need to further reduce the harmful emissions resulting from the combustion of solid fuels, and to reduce the cost associated with checking such emissions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An aspect of the present invention relates to the purification of fuel sold, based in part on at least the initial state of the solid fuel. In implementations of the invention, solid fuel is tested, or the quality of a single sample is checked to generate an initial set of data of values related to the initial characteristics of the fuel. After the predetermined or final (processed) fuel characteristics can be known, and the processing process can be started, quality control and / or its regulation take place in relation to the initial characteristics and given characteristics. The method and system described herein may include operations such as inputting solid fuel sample data and the required solid fuel characteristics to determine the difference between the initial and final composition of the product; comparing and combining input related to the characteristics of the solid fuel processing plant to determine the processing operating parameters to obtain the desired processed product; and transferring operating parameters to the registration unit and controller, in order to control product processing in the solid fuel processing unit.

An aspect of the present invention relates to sending information related to processed solid fuel back to a solid fuel processing unit for further process control. The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include checking the solid fuel, followed by purification processing, and then forwarding information regarding the verification back to the processing device. Setting the output parameters of solid fuel, can take the final characteristics of the processed solid fuel from the installation testing processing after processing; characteristics may reflect the final manufactured processed solid fuel; setting the output parameters of the solid fuel can transmit the final characteristics of the processed solid fuel to the registration unit; the registration unit can compare the final characteristics of the processed solid fuel with the required characteristics of the solid fuel to determine the regulation of the operating parameters of the processing of solid fuel; and the regulation carried out for the final characteristics of the treated solid fuel can be further carried out to any other regulation of the operating parameter of the solid fuel.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include solid fuel continuously charged to a processing unit controlled by operating parameters. The controller can provide processing of solid fuel with operating parameters by continuously supplying them to processing device systems, such as conveyor belts, microwave devices, sensors, collection systems, preheating units, cooling units, and the like. Continuous provision of the sensor data processing device allows measuring the results of the processing of solid fuel, working systems, continuously setting the processing unit for environmental conditions, and transmitting the measured information to the controller and the installation of current control. The installation of the current control can compare the measured information with the operating parameters of the processing of solid fuel and adjust the operating parameters. The adjusted operating parameters can be directed to the controller of the continuous fuel processing unit.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include controlling and regulating a solid fuel processing process using the generated processing parameters and input sensor parameters. The method and apparatus can use the obtained processing processing parameters from the parameter generation installation to control the processing of solid fuel as part of their continuous provision of the processing installation. The method and device can provide control and regulation of the operating parameters of the processing based on the input sensors of the continuous processing unit. The method and device can provide the adjusted operating processing parameters to the controller, which provides the operating parameters of the continuous processing installation system.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include sensors used to measure the performance of a solid fuel conveyor system. Sensors of solid fuel in the conveyor system can measure products removed from solid fuel, such as moisture, sulfur, ash and others. The sensors of a solid fuel processing plant operating in the continuous mode of providing data to the processing device can measure the operating parameters of the continuous supply of data to the processing device systems used for processing solid fuel. The sensors can transmit the measured information to the controller of the continuous processing device, the control device and the setting of price / business calculation. The sensor data of the emitted product can be used by the control unit and the controller to adjust the operating parameters of the conveyor unit. The sensor information of the working system can be used by setting the price / business calculation to determine the cost.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include a solid fuel processing control device that utilizes feedback loop parameters in real-time continuous mode. The method and device can monitor the provision of continuous data with system parameters from the installation of the generation of parameters to the controller of the processing unit. The continuous flow of data to the controller of the processing unit can cause the appearance of system parameters in various systems, allowing systems to independently perform various processing operations for solid fuels. The sensors of the conveyor system can measure various products and products extracted from solid fuel, and transmit the measured information to the control unit. The control unit can adjust the processing parameters of solid fuel by comparing the measurements of the sensors and the required operating parameters; and the control setting can transmit the adjusted parameters to the controller. The controller / sensor / control device that controls the feedback loop can be continuously covered by a real-time feedback loop to maintain the desired, final processed solid fuel.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include a control and monitoring device for a microwave solid fuel processing system. Microwave system settings such as frequency, power and duty cycle can be controlled by the conveyor system controller during solid fuel processing. The output of the microwave system and the separated products from solid fuels can be measured by sensors to determine the effectiveness of the microwave parameters; Measurements can be transferred to the control unit. The control unit can adjust the operating parameters of the microwave system based on a comparison of the information measured by the sensors and the required values of the operating parameters (for example, the parameter for setting the parameter generation). The adjusted microwave operating parameters of the microwave system can be transmitted to the microwave system by the controller of the processing unit in the form of continuously incoming data.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include controlled removal of products recovered from solid fuel during continuous operation of a solid fuel processing plant. A set of sensors can measure the volume or level of emission of products isolated from solid fuels. A set of sensors can transmit information about the selected products to the controller and control device to obtain information about the level of remote products. A set of sensors can transmit the level of selected, remote products to the installation of pricing / business; a pricing / business setting can determine the market value of the selected products, or the cost of the selected products.

An aspect of the present invention relates to a conveyor continuously loading a processing unit inside. The conveyor can supply solid fuel through the processing unit, although the solid fuel is being processed (for example, coal supply through a microwave energy field). The method and device for supplying the conveyor installation allow it to be coupled with the transportation of solid fuel through the processing unit. The conveyor may include a combination of characteristics such as low microwave energy absorption, high wear resistance, high temperature resistance to elevated, long-term temperatures, thermal insulation, resistance to burning, high melting point, non-bore structure, and resistance to getting out of control - for temperature effects. The conveyor installation can be made of strong, interconnected tapes. The conveyor system may include a plurality of ribbed, flexibly connected working sections.

An aspect of the present invention relates to solid fuel processing devices and methods. Implementations of the present invention relate to a conveyor unit adapted to transport solid fuel (eg, coal) through a processing unit. In implementations of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit is adapted for processing solid fuel by passing it through the microwave energy region. In implementations of the invention, the conveyor system is specially adapted to obtain stable performance when used in the processing of solid fuels.

Implementations of the present invention relate to devices and methods for transporting solid fuel through a solid fuel processing plant. Devices and methods can act on a conveyor unit, adapting the transportation of solid fuel through a microwave fuel processing unit. In implementations of the invention, the conveyor unit is adapted to have at least one or a combination of characteristics, such as low microwave power loss, high wear resistance, increased long-term temperature resistance, localized increased temperature resistance, temperature insulation, resistance to burnout, high melting point, unqualified structures with respect to particles, non-porous structure with respect to moisture, resistance to thermal loss, or other such characteristics and that create an elastic conveyor system.

In implementations of the invention, the conveyor installation is a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt may mainly be in the form of a continuous belt. The conveyor belt may include a plurality of sturdy sections flexibly interconnected. In other implementations of the invention, the conveyor is another physical structure designed to transport solid fuel through continuous, or mainly continuous processing processes.

In implementations of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit may be a microwave fuel processing unit, which may also process the solid fuel of other systems, such as heating, flushing, gasification, combustion, and vaporization systems. The conveyor system can be made of material with low microwave power loss. For example, it can be adapted to have low losses in the frequency range from about 300 MHz to 1 GHz. The conveyor system can be temperature resistant during prolonged exposure to high temperatures. For example, it can be temperature resistant with prolonged exposure to temperatures within the region of about 200 F, or about. The conveyor system can be temperature resistant at localized temperatures in the region of 600F, or about. There are many other attributes and materials of the conveyor system, as well as processes for controlling the conveyor system described herein.

The present invention relates to improved methods and devices for activating a microwave installation of generating magnetrons, continuously associated with the installation of processing solid fuel. The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include energizing the magnetron through a direct constant voltage high voltage power transmission system to avoid voltage failure (e.g., at a substation) and then recovering it (e.g., for use in a magnetron). A power system may include providing a high voltage high voltage conversion power plant, which can be adapted to produce AC voltage and provide high DC voltage.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include applying a constant high voltage by obtaining a high AC voltage from the installation of a distribution board; direct generation of high DC voltage from high voltage AC; and applying a high DC voltage to the magnetron associated with the installation of continuous processing of solid fuel.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include applying a constant high voltage, by obtaining a high AC voltage from a power plant of a switchboard; conversion of high AC voltage to high DC voltage; and applying a high DC voltage to the magnetron associated with the continuous processing of solid fuels, and the installation of the distribution of high power voltage can be protected by a non-transformer inductor in conjunction with a high-speed circuit breaker.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include a costing business for a processed solid fuel using a feedback process. A business installation may receive solid fuel processing operational information from solid fuel processing installation systems, such as a control installation, sensors, a removal system, setting solid fuel output parameters, or the like. A business installation may be able to determine the cost of the final processed solid fuel using operational information from the above systems. The cost may include the cost of electricity needed for various solid fuel processing conveyor systems, the cost of removed solid fuel products collected in a removal system, the cost of inert gases used and the like. A business setting can determine the final value of processed solid fuel by adding to the cost of processing the initial cost of raw solid fuel.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include modeling the cost of processing a solid fuel for a specific installation of an end user. The method and apparatus can provide a database containing a set of characteristics of solid fuel for a variety of samples of solid fuel, a set of basic characteristics of solid fuel used mainly by end-user installations, a set of operating parameters used to convert a sample of solid fuel to main solid fuel used end consumer, and a set of solid fuels associated with the implementation of a set of operating parameters. The method and device can further identify the characteristics of solid fuels for the obtained initial sample of solid fuels; identify the technical characteristics of the main solid fuel used by the end-user installation; find in the database a set of operating parameters associated with the conversion of the initial sample of solid fuel into primary solid fuel; and find in the database a set of costs associated with setting operational parameters.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include a business providing the production of solid fuels adapted for a selected end-user installation. The method and device can provide technical specifications from the selected installation of the final consumer for the main solid fuel; comparison of technical characteristics with a set of characteristics of the initial sample of solid fuel; determination of the processing operating parameters for processing the initial sample in order to convert it into the main solid fuel corresponding to the technical data obtained from the installation of the selected end user; processing the initial solid fuel sample in accordance with the processing operating parameters, measuring the characteristics of the main solid fuel; and pricing of primary solid fuels.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include a database for processing solid fuels; a set of characteristics for many solid fuel samples; a set of basic characteristics of solid fuels used by specified end-user settings; and a set of operating parameters used to convert the solid fuel sample into the main solid fuel used by the end-user installation.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include compiling a database for processing solid fuels. The method and device can form a set of collected basic characteristics of solid fuel for multiple samples of solid fuel; a set of collected basic characteristics of solid fuels used by the end-user installation kit; and a set of collected operating parameters used to convert the solid fuel sample into the main solid fuel used by the end user.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include generating solid fuel processing parameters based on the desired final processing characteristics. The method and device can provide as input information the data of the initial sample of solid fuel and the required characteristics of solid fuel for the selected installation of the final consumer; comparing and combining the input parameters related to the capabilities of the solid fuel processing plant, determine the operating parameters for the production of solid fuel corresponding to the parameters of the selected end-user plant; and transferring operating parameters to a control unit and a controller for controlling product processing in the solid fuel processing unit.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include the production of solid fuels corresponding to the parameters of the selected end-user installation. The method and apparatus can provide a first set of characteristics for an initial solid fuel sample; identification of a set of characteristics of solid fuel at the output corresponding to the parameters of the selected installation of the final consumer; determination of the processing operating parameters for processing the initial solid fuel sample for its subsequent conversion into solid fuel parameters corresponding to the parameters of the selected end-user installation; and processing the initial solid fuel sample in accordance with the processing processing parameters, where the initial solid fuel sample can be transformed into the output solid fuel corresponding to the parameters of the selected end-user installation.

The method and device may include gasification of solid fuel by selecting solid fuel intended for gasification; identification of solid fuel characteristics related to gasification; solid fuel processing using operating parameters for gas removal; and collecting gas released during the processing of the solid fuel. Solid fuels can be processed using microwave technology, heating technology, pressure technology, vaporization technology, or the like. The gas may be synthetic gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide or the like.

The method and device may include gasification of solid fuel by selecting solid fuel for gasification; determination of solid fuel performance based on gasification requirements from the end user; solid fuel processing using operating parameters for gas removal; and collecting gas released during the processing of the solid fuel. The final consumer may be a power generation plant, a chemical plant, fuel batteries, and the like. Solid fuels can be processed using microwave technology, heating technology, pressure technology, vaporization technology, or the like. The gas may be synthetic gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or the like.

The method and device may include gasification of solid fuel by selecting solid fuel for gasification; determination of solid fuel performance based on end-user gasification requirements; processing solid fuel using operating parameters for gas evolution; and collecting gas released during the processing of the solid fuel. The gasification requirement may include obtaining a pre-allocated amount of gas. The gasification requirement may include the production of pre-isolated gas. Solid fuels can be processed using microwave technology, heating technology, pressure technology, vaporization technology, or the like. The gas may be synthetic gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or the like.

The method and apparatus may include liquefying solid fuel by selecting solid fuel for liquefaction; identification of solid fuel characteristics based on liquefaction requirements; determination of solid fuel performance based on liquefaction requirements; processing solid fuel using operating parameters to produce the desired fluid. Operating parameters may include a Fischer-Tropsch process, a Bergius process, a direct hydrogenation process, the use of a low temperature carbonization (LTC) process, and the like.

The method and device may include processing solid fuel by selecting solid fuel intended for processing; identification of the characteristics of solid fuels; determination of operating parameters of solid fuel based on characteristics; and processing the solid fuel using operating parameters, wherein the operating parameters may include preheating the solid fuel and postheating the solid fuel.

A system for generalizing the processing of solid fuels may include a continuous solid fuel processing unit that removes contaminants from solid fuels to produce a purified solid fuel source of energy (for example, purified coal used in a continuous microwave processing plant); and the use of solid fuels in plants (for example, a power production plant, a steel production plant, etc.) located around a solid fuel processing plant in which purified solid fuel, as an energy source, is used as a source of energy consumed by the surrounding plants. The solid fuel processing unit may provide solid fuel processing directly for the solid fuel consuming installation, the solid fuel using installation, the solid fuel using installation, or the like. A solid fuel processing plant may indirectly provide solid fuel processing for a solid fuel consuming installation, for a solid fuel using installation, for a solid fuel using installation or the like. A solid fuel consumption plant may require special processed solid fuel from a solid fuel processing plant. Specific processed solid fuels can be a typical solid fuel energy source for a solid fuel consuming installation. Specific processed solid fuels can produce a typical non-solid fuel product from a plant using solid fuels. Specific processed solid fuels can specify special characteristics in solid fuels. The solid fuel energy source may be synthetic gas, hydrogen, or the like. A solid fuel energy source may be a solid fuel plant consuming optimally processed solid fuel. Non-solid products may be ash, sulfur, water, sulfur, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, synthetic gas, hydrogen, or the like. A solid fuel consumption setting may be an electric power production unit, a steel smelting unit, a chemical unit, a waste disposal unit, a water production unit or the like.

The method and apparatus disclosed herein may include providing initial solid fuel sample data associated with one or many characteristics of the solid fuel to be processed by the solid fuel processing unit; providing the required characteristics of solid fuels; comparing the initial data of the sample of solid fuel with data related to one or many characteristics of the required parameters of the solid fuel to determine the delta structure of the solid fuel; determination of operating parameters for the operation of the solid fuel processing plant for the purification of solid fuel, based in part on at least the delta structure of the solid fuel; and management of pollutants extracted from solid fuel during its processing and regulation of the processing operating parameters aimed at creating purified solid fuel. The solid fuel processing plant may be a microwave solid fuel processing plant. Solid fuel may be coal. Solid fuel sample data may be a database.

The characteristics of solid fuels can be percent moisture, ash, percent sulfur, type of solid fuel, or the like.

The processing parameter may be microwave power, microwave frequency, microwave frequency used, or the like.

Contaminants may include water, hydrogen, hydroxides, sulfur gas, sulfur liquid, ash, or the like.

The emitted pollutants can be controlled by the installation of solid fuel sensors. Sensors may provide feedback information for adjusting processing operating parameters.

The method and device may also include a stepwise supply of high voltage power coming from the public utility with its own power line directly to the microwave generator in the processing unit, where the own power line design can be adapted to supply high voltage (for example, above 15 kV )

The method and device may further include the stepwise construction of a multilayer conveyor belt supplying solid fuel through a processing unit, where the multilayer conveyor belt can be adapted to pass through the main part of the microwave energy, while the upper layer of the tape can be resistant to wear and the second layer can be temperature resistant to high temperatures.

These and other devices, methods, objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be understood by a person knowledgeable in this process, based on the following detailed description of preferred implementations of the invention and drawings. All documents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention and the following detailed description of some implementations of the invention, thus, can be understood by reference to the following figures:

1 shows an implementation in which a complete architectural system for a solid fuel processing plant is presented.

Figure 2 shows the implementation related to the installation of processing solid fuel for end users of processed solid fuel.

Figure 3 shows the implementation of the configuration of the conveyor belt with many layers.

Figure 4 shows the implementation of the conveyor belt without a surface layer.

Figure 5 shows the implementation of the conveyor belt with a built-in middle layer made of heat-resistant material.

Figure 6 shows the implementation of the configuration of the conveyor belt with many built-in layers, which can be made of heat-resistant material.

7 shows an implementation of a magnetron that can be used as part of a microwave system for a solid fuel processing plant.

On Fig shows the implementation of the installation of high voltage supplied to the magnetron.

Fig. 9 shows an implementation of a transformerless high voltage input of a power transmission installation.

Figure 10 shows the implementation of the installation of the input high voltage transmission with a transformer.

11 shows an implementation of a transformerless high-voltage input of an electric power transmission installation with an inductor.

On Fig shows the implementation of direct high-voltage DC voltage at the input of the installation of electric power transmission with a transformer.

13 shows a high voltage implementation at the input of an electric power transmission installation with an isolation transformer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention related to a solid fuel processing device 132 using electromagnetic energy to remove products from solid fuel by heating products contained within solid fuel in order to improve solid fuel performance. In the above implementation, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can be used to process any type of solid fuel, including, for example, and without limitation, coal, coke, charcoal, peat, wood, and briquettes. Although many implementations of the present invention will be disclosed in connection with coal processing, it should be understood that such implementations may relate to other types of processing of solid fuels such as coke, charcoal, peat, wood, briquettes and the like.

As shown in FIG. 1, a solid fuel processing unit 132 can be used as a standalone unit, or which can be connected to a coal mine 102, a coal storage unit 112, or the like. As shown in more detail in FIG. 2, a solid fuel processing unit 132 may be connected to a fuel installation 200, a coal conversion unit 210, a coal by-product installation 212, a coal shipping unit 214, a coal storage unit 218, or the like.

In implementations of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can be used to improve the quality of coal by removing non-coal products that may interfere with the optimal combustion characteristics of a particular type of coal. By-products may include moisture, sulfur, ash, water, hydrogen, hydroxides, volatiles, or the like. By-products can reduce the BTU / lb (British thermal unit / lb-British thermal unit / lb.) Of the combustion characteristics of coal, since the BTU requirement for heating and removing by-products is set before the coal starts burn (e.g., water), or other products that prevent air from entering the coal structure during combustion (e.g., ash). Coal can have many gradations that can be estimated by the amount of by-products in the coal (e.g., water, sulfur, hydrogen, hydroxides and ash). In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can process coal by improving the number of process steps aimed at removing by-products from coal. In an embodiment of the invention, a method for removing by-products from coal can be completed by heating the by-products inside the coal, thereby promoting the release of by-products from coal. Heating can be performed using electromagnetic energy in the form of microwave energy or energy of radio waves (microwaves), aimed at heating by-products. In implementations of the invention, coal can be processed using a conveying system that transfers coal through at least one microwave system 148 and / or other process steps.

With reference to FIG. 1, structural block diagrams of a solid fuel processing plant 132 are shown with an implementation of a solid fuel processing plant 132 together with other associated coal processing systems. A solid fuel processing unit 132 may receive coal from at least a mine 102 or a coal storage unit 112. There may be a number of databases that track and store the characteristics of untreated coal from the mine and the required characteristics of coal 122 of a particular type of coal, or special single cycle processing node. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may have many coal processing support systems and units that can determine operating parameters, control and change operating parameters, transport coal through the coal processing chamber, remove by-products from the chamber, collect and store by-products, transport the processed coal and things like that. After the coal has been processed in accordance with the methods and devices described herein, it can be transferred to a coal consumer installation, such as that shown in FIG. 2. In addition, data and other information parameters obtained during the processing of coal can be transferred to a consumer installation, such as that shown in FIG.

With reference to FIG. 2, coal exploitation sides are shown after it has been processed in the solid fuel processing unit 132. The solid fuel processing unit 132 can improve the quality of coal by purifying it from by-products, and this can allow various coal-using plants to operate it with improved combustion rates and few by-products. A plant using coal may include, but is not limited to, coal fuel plants (for example, power generation, heat production, metallurgy), coal conversion plants (gasification), coal by-product plants, coal shipments , coal storage facilities and the like. Using processed coal in the solid fuel processing unit 132, for plants using coal, it becomes possible to use lower quality coal, have a small amount of by-products, have low by-product emissions, have high combustion ratios (e.g. BTU / lb), and like that. Depending, for example, on the volumes of coal required for a private coal-using plant, the solid fuel processing plant 132 may be directly connected to the coal-using plant, or the solid fuel processing plant 132 may be remotely removed from the coal-using plant.

At a high level, a solid fuel processing unit 132 may include a number of systems that can cover aspects of the invention; some of the systems may contain additional systems, modules, or devices. The systems of the solid fuel processing plant 132 may include a parameter generating unit 128, a receiving unit 124, a control unit 134, a gas generation unit 152, an anti-ignition unit 154, a conveyor unit 130, a container unit 162, a reprocessing unit 160, a removal unit 158, a cooling unit 164 , installation of distribution of products 168, installation of testing 170, and the like. The conveyor unit 130 may further include a preheater unit 138, a controller 144, microwave / radio wave devices 148, a parameter control unit 140, a system sensor 142, a removal device 150, and the like. The installation of processing solid fuel 132 may receive coal, at least from the mine 102 or installation of storage of coal 112 and may provide processed coal, at least a coal fuel installation 200, installation of coal conversion 210, installation of coal by-products 212, installation coal shipping 214, a coal storage installation 218 and the like.

Again with reference to FIG. 1, a solid fuel processing unit 132 can receive raw coal from a variety of different sources of coal raw materials, such as coal mines 102 or coal storage facilities 112. The output of a solid fuel processing unit 132 can be used by many different coal enterprises, such as coal fuel plants 200, coal conversion plants 210, coal by-product plants 212, coal shipment plants 214, processed coal storage facilities 218, and the like. To start the coal processing process, it is necessary to introduce coal raw materials into the solid fuel processing unit 132, specify the number of process operations (heating, cooling, collecting by-products), and send the processed coal output to the 168 output processing unit for its distribution. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may be associated with a source of coal (e.g., a coal mine or a storage facility), may be lonely located, may be associated with a facility using coal, or the like.

In implementations of the invention, a solid fuel processing unit 132 can be located in a coal source to enable the coal source to have optimal characteristics of the coal produced thereon. For example, coal mined in a coal mine may be of poor quality with a high moisture content. A coal mine may be able to mine and process coal in the same place, and therefore can provide the highest grade of this high-quality coal. Another example is a coal mine 102 with a change in the brand of coal, where the coal mine 102 may be able to process coal of various grades to have similar characteristics of coal by treating it in a solid fuel processing unit 132. This may enable the coal mine 102 to have a simplified system warehousing, being able to store coal of the same quality, instead of storing coal of different quality in certain areas with defined boundaries. Such storage of coal of the same quality may also enable coal mine 102 to provide consumers with high-quality solid coal of the same grade. It can also simplify customer requirements related to the combustion characteristics of coal, guided only by the use of one high-quality coal. The hardness of the supplied coal can increase the efficiency of the use of coal, as described below with reference to FIG.

In implementations of the invention, a solid fuel processing unit 132 may be only one unit that can receive coal feed from a plurality of individual coal mines 102 and coal storage facilities 112, as well as provide a process for producing high-quality coal for resale. The lone solid fuel processing plant 132 can store various raw materials and process them in place. For example, based on customer requirements, a solid fuel processing plant may be able to select a brand of raw coal and process the coal, giving it some characteristics for delivery to this customer. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may also process and store various types and grades of coal that the customer may regularly request.

A solid fuel processing unit 132 associated with a coal-using enterprise may receive raw coal from a plurality of coal mines 102 and storage facilities 112 for processing it in accordance with the owner's proposals described below, with a detailed presentation in FIG. 2. Thus, an enterprise using coal may be able to process coal in accordance with the required characteristics. An enterprise using coal may also have, for example, a specially designed solid fuel processing unit 132, if the enterprise requires a large amount of processed coal.

As shown in FIG. 1, raw coal can be obtained directly from the coal mine 102. The coal mine can be open type or underground. Coal mine 102 may have different qualities of the same type of coal, or may have different types of coal inside one coal mine 102. After the coal is mined, the coal mine 102 can store the mined coal in the above location of the coal storage 104, which can store coal of various types and / or can store coal of various grades. After coal mining, raw coal can be tested to determine the characteristics of 110 raw coal. Coal mine 102 may use a standard coal testing facility to characterize 110 coal. Coal specifications may include moisture percentage, ash percentage, percentage of volatile matter, fixed carbon percentage, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free (moving-average Free-Moving Average, Approx. Per.), Forms sulfur, mine grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury content, ash melting temperature, analysis of ash mineral composition, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric constant and others. Raw coal can be tested in accordance with the test standards used, such as ASTM Standards D388 (Coal Grade Classification), ASTM Standards D 2013 (Preparation Method for Coal Samples for Analysis), ASTM Standards D 3180 (Practical Standard for Calculation of Coal, Coke Analysis for based on certain data in various databases), US Geological Survey Bulletin 1823 (Methods of selection and inorganic analysis of coal) and the like.

The coal storage facility 104 may also sort or resize coal received from the coal mine 102. Thus, the feedstock obtained may not meet the required size or shape for resale to the coal plant. If you need to change the size, the installation of coal storage 104 can change the size of coal raw materials by using operations of spraying, crushing coal, ball and mill mills or the like. After the raw coal is reduced to size, the coal can be sorted by size to be stored, or it can be stored after it is received at the output of the size reduction procedure. Coal enterprises using different coal can find different sizes of coal, mainly to ensure their coal combustion processes; a fixed bed of charcoal 220 may need a large coal that has a long burning time, atomized charcoal 222 may need very small coal sizes for quick burning.

Using the characteristics of the coal feed 110, the coal mine 102, the storage unit 104 may be able to store the coal feed according to the classification of the coal feed for loading into processing plants or coal mines. A shipment unit 108 may be associated with a coal storage unit 104 for shipment of coal feed to customers. Installation of shipment 108 may be in the form of a railway, ship, barge, or the like; this may occur independently, or in the pool of coal supplied to the customer. The coal storage unit 104 may use a transport system, which may include a conveyor unit 300, carts, railcars, trucks, a tractor, or the like, to send classified coal to a shipment unit 108. In the above implementation, there may be at least one coal transport system to transport coal feed to a shipment unit 108.

Storage facility 112 may be a lone storage facility receiving raw coal from a plurality of coal mines 102 for storage and resale. The obtained raw coal from the coal mine 102 may be coal mined from a coal mine, coal, with predetermined dimensions, sorted coal, and the like. Coal mine 102 may preliminarily check the coal for compliance with characteristics 110 and may provide output of coal characteristics to storage installation 112. Storage installation 112 may be an enterprise that buys coal from coal mines 102 for distribution and resale to multiple customers, or may be associated with coal mine 102, which may be at a distance remote from the installation of the storage 112.

On the basis of the installation of coal storage 112 coal raw materials can be checked to determine its characteristics. Coal storage facility 112 may use a standard testing facility to characterize coal. Coal specifications may include moisture percent, percent ash, percent volatiles, percent fixed carbon, BTU / Ib, BTU / Ib MA Free, sulfur form, mine grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury, melting point, analysis mineral composition of the ash, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric constant and the like. Coal raw materials can be tested in accordance with the test standards used, such as ASTM Standards D388 (Coal Grade Classification), ASTM Standards D 2013 (Coal Sample Preparation Method for Analysis), ASTM Standards D 3180 (Practical Standard for Coal Calculation, Coke Analysis for based on certain data in various databases), US Geological Survey Bulletin 1823 (Methods of selection and inorganic analysis of coal) and the like.

The coal storage unit 112 may also sort or resize coal received from the coal mine 102 if, for example, the coal does not meet the required size or shape for resale to a coal consuming enterprise. The coal storage unit 112 may change the size of the coal feed by using atomization, crushing of coal, ball and mill mill, or the like. After the size of the coal raw material has changed, the coal can be sorted by size to store it, or it can be stored after it is received at the output of the size setting procedure. Different companies using different coal may find different coal sizes that suit them. For example, when burning coal, systems with a fixed layer of fuel coal may need large coal that has a long burning time, while other plants require very small coal sizes for quick burning.

Using the characteristics of the raw coal, storage unit 104 may be able to store raw coal according to the classification of raw coal for shipment to processing plants, or to coal mines. A shipment unit 118 may be associated with a coal storage unit 114 for shipping raw coal to customers. Installation of shipment 118 may be in the form of a railway, ship, barge or the like; this can occur independently, or in a combination of coal supply to the customer. The coal storage unit 114 may use a transport system, which may include a conveyor unit 300, trolleys, railcars, trucks, a tractor, or the like, to direct classified coal to a shipping device 118. In the above implementation, there may be at least one coal transportation system to transport coal raw materials to a shipment unit 118.

The characteristics of the coal 110 from both the coal mine 102 and the storage installation 112 may be stored in a sample data storage installation 120. The sample data installation 120 may contain all data for a private batch of coal, volume, grade, type, shipment, or similar data that can be characterized with parameters, which may include percentage of moisture, percentage of ash, percentage of volatiles, percentage of fixed carbon, BTU / Ib, BTU / Ib MA Free, type of sulfur, grinding characteristic of the mine shaft (HGI), total content e mercury, melting temperature of ash, analysis of the mineral composition of ash, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric constant and the like.

In implementations of the invention, the installation for storing data of a sample of coal 120 can be in the form of a personal computer or in the form of a specialized computer for storing and tracking the characteristics of coal 110. Computer devices can be in the form of a desktop computer, server, web server, small portable computer, compact device a disk, a DVD device, system management equipment, or the like. All computer devices can be placed one after another, or, if the number of computer devices exceeds a certain value, can be distributed at a distance from each other. Computer devices can be connected through local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), the Internet, intranets, P2Ps, or other new types of interfaces that use wired or wireless technology. The installation of coal sample data 120 may include collecting data, which may be a database, a relational database, XML, RSS, ASCII file, a uniform file, a text file, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the installation of the storage of data of a sample of coal may be a search engine to find the required data characteristics of coal.

A coal sample data setup 120 may be located in a coal mine 102, a storage facility 112, a solid fuel processing facility 132, or may be located at a distance from any of these facilities. In an embodiment of the invention, any of these plants may have access to coal performance data using a branched chain. On any of the connected installation, access modernization and modification is possible. In the implementation of the invention, the installation of storing data of a sample of coal 120 may be an independent enterprise engaged in the storage and distribution of data on the characteristics of coal.

A coal sample data storage installation 120 may supply baseline information to a parameter 128 generation installation, set the desired coal characteristics 122, and / or a price / business costing installation 178. In implementations, the baseline information can not only be changed by these settings, but can be used for example, to determine the operating parameters of a solid fuel processing plant 132, in order to remember the initial characteristics of coal, or to calculate the cost of coal volume.

The required characteristics for coal are determined in the installation of the required characteristics 122. The installation for determining the required characteristics of coal 122 can be implemented as a computer device or specialized computer installations for storing the final required characteristics of coal for its identification. Computer devices may be in the form of a desktop computer, a server, a web server, a small portable computer, a CD device, a digital video disc device, system management equipment, or similar devices. All computer devices can be placed one after another, or, if the number of computer devices exceeds a certain value, can be distributed at a distance from each other. Computer devices can be connected via local area networks, wide area networks, the Internet, intranet, P2P, or other new types of interfaces using telephone or radio technology.

Setting desired charcoal characteristics 122 may include collecting data, which may be a database, a relational database, XML, RSS, ASCII file, a uniform file, a text file, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, setting 122 desired charcoal characteristics may be a search engine for finding data of desired charcoal characteristics.

In the above implementation, the installation of the required characteristics of coal 122 can be determined and supported by the installation of processing solid fuel 132, for example, the required characteristics of the finished coal for each type, and the brand of coal that the installation can process. Such characteristics can be stored in the installation 122 of the required characteristics and can be used in conjunction with information from the installation of the coal sample data 120 by generating parameters by the installation 128 to create operating parameters for the installation of processing solid fuel 132.

In the implementation of the invention, there may be multiple data records of the required charcoal characteristics 122; there may be data records for each type of coal and brand of coal that can be processed by the solid fuel processing unit 132.

In the implementation of the invention, the data of the required characteristics of coal 122 can be recorded for each shipped batch of coal received from the installation of processing of solid fuel. Here may be the required characteristics of coal 122, improved by the solid fuel processing unit 132, based on the quality of the obtained coal and exchange operations performed by the solid fuel processing device 132. For example, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can only be able to reduce the amount of sulfur or ash by a few percent therefore, setting the required characteristics of coal 122 can take this into account, based on the initial values of the percentage of sulfur and ash obtained as a result of the operation data exchange with the solid fuel treatment installation, which is able to evaluate it.

In the above implementation, the required characteristics of coal 122 can be improved based on customer requirements. The required characteristics of coal 122 can be improved to provide improved combustion characteristics, reduce some emissions, or the like.

Based on the characteristics of the coal sample and the data obtained from the installation of the required characteristics of coal 122, the operating parameters for processing the data in the solid fuel processing device 132 can be determined. The operating parameters can be transferred to the conveyor unit 130, the controller 144, and the control unit 134. Operating parameters can be used to control the gas environment of the installation of the conveyor 130, control the flow of coal, control the preheating temperatures required by the settings of the sensors, mi blood frequency, microwave energy, microwave periodic cycle (for example, pulsed or continuous), the output of the volume of coal, the degree of cooling, and the like.

In implementations of the invention, a parameter generation unit 128 can generate a base of operating parameters for various devices and systems for a solid fuel processing unit 132. A parameter generation unit 128 can be implemented as a computer device or specialized computer units for storing the final required characteristics of coal for its identification. The computer device may be in the form of a desktop computer, server, web server, small portable computer, or similar devices. All computer devices can be placed one after another, or, if the number of computer devices exceeds a certain value, can be distributed at a distance from each other. Computer devices can be connected via local area networks, wide area networks, the Internet, intranet, P2P, or other new types of interfaces using telephone or radio technology. The parameter generation setup 128 may be able to store the operating parameter database as a database, relational database, XML, RSS, ASCII file, uniform file, text file, or the like. In the above implementation, the working stored parameters of the base can be found to find the required coal characteristics data.

In order for the parameter generation procedure to begin, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can identify some shipped coal that could be involved in the process and which required the generation of operating parameters by the parameter generation unit 128 for shipping this coal. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may furthermore show the final processed parameters of the coal. To find the required data to generate operating parameters, the parameter generation unit 128 can query both settings, both the installation of the coal sample data 120 and the installation of the required characteristics of coal 122.

From the setup of the coal sample data 120, data may be needed for the characteristics of the raw coal 110 to determine the initial characteristics of the coal. In implementing the invention, there may be more data than one data record for a particular case of coal being shipped. The parameter generation setting 128 may select the latest characteristics, averaged characteristics, may select the earliest characteristics, or the like. Here, an algorithm for determining suitable data is possible in order to use it for the initial characteristics of coal, based on data from a 120 sample of coal.

Based on the desired characteristics of the coal 122, data for the final coal can be selected. In an embodiment of the invention, a solid fuel processing unit 132 may select particular coal with the required characteristics 122. In an implementation, a parameter generation unit 128 may select coal with recording the required characteristics 122 based on characteristics that may best suit the parameters of the final coal required by the solid processing unit fuel 132. A parameter generation installation 128 can provide a solid fuel processing installation 132 with an indication of selected coal with the required characteristics 122, with the aim of speedy approval of the procedure with the operating parameters of the generation.

In the implementation of the invention, the parameter generation unit 128 can use an application computer that can work out the rules for processing coal raw materials to obtain finally processed coal. Rules can be part of the application, or can be stored as data. The rules applied in the form of an application can determine the operating parameters that can be demanded by the installation of processing solid fuel 132 to process coal. The resulting data can be created in such a way that it can contain a baseline of operating parameters of the installation of processing solid fuel 132.

In the implementation of the invention, a predefined baseline of operating parameters for processing some coal can be set. The setting for generating parameter 128 can improve the best fit between the data of the coal sample 120, the required characteristics of the coal 122, and the preset parameters for determining the baseline.

Parameter generation unit 128 may also determine operating parameter tolerances that can support coal processing in order to obtain the desired characteristics of the final coal.

Once the baseline operating parameters have been determined, the parameter generation unit 128 may provide operating parameters to the controller 144 and the control unit 134 to control the solid fuel processing unit 132.

As shown in FIG. 1, coal that is involved in the processing of solid fuel by unit 132 can be subjected to procedures ranging from untreated coal to finally processed coal, such as receiving coal 124, procedures in a conveyor unit 130, procedures in a refrigeration unit 164, and the issuance of coal, and its placement outside the installation. Inside the conveyor unit 130, there may be a number of coal processing procedures, such as pre-heating coal, microwave coal processing, collecting by-products (e.g., water, sulfur, hydrogen hydroxides), and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the coal to be processed can go through all the existing procedures or part of them, and some of the procedures can be repeated several times, while others for this type of coal can be skipped. All step-by-step procedures and procedure parameters can be determined by the parameter generation installation 128 and transferred to the controller 144 to control the procedures, as well as to the control installation 134, which checks the operating parameters based on the feedback loop sensor 142. The control unit 134 can also be used as a transmitter of sensor parameters, which can be used to determine how much the coal processing procedure thus matches the coal in demand.

As indicated here, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may use a conveyor line 300 (for example, elements 300A, 300B, 300C, and 300D described in conjunction with the figures 3-6 hereinafter) for transporting solid fuel through the conveyor unit 130. Step-by-step procedures treatments inside conveyor unit 130 may include microwave heating, flushing, gasification, combustion, vaporization, reloading, and the like. Such step-by-step procedures for processing solid fuel can be improved while solid fuel is on the conveyor belt 300. Step-by-step processing procedures can set conditions for the conveyor belt 300 such as microwave radio frequency, heat, abrasion, and the like, and can track opposition to these conditions within an increasing working time interval. The conveyor belt 300 may have a continuous flexible structure, oscillatingly articulated, metal-coated structure or have a different conveyor structure, and in the implementations of the invention it is only required to monitor the environmental conditions of the conveyor unit 130. Since the conveyor belt can be equipped with devices that determine the environmental conditions such as radio frequency microwave radiation, heat, abrasion and the like. In the case of its rocking-articulated structure, along with environmental conditions, situations such as blocking of the material, which is possible at large spacing of joints, microwave absorption, and the like, which can be associated with the rocking-articulated structure, can also occur. The effect of such conditions on the conveyor belt 300 can be minimized by proper selection of the material and structure of the conveyor belt 300.

The environmental conditions of the installation of the conveyor 130 may require that the conveyor belt 300 has many characteristics, such as low microwave losses, high structural integrity, high strength, wear resistance, constant high temperature resistance, resistance to localized heat rise, temperature insulation, resistance to burning through, high melting point, lack of duty cycle for the penetration of bulk solids and moisture, differential resistance thermal effects, the ability to transport liquids and the like.

For the conveyor belt 300, there may be a requirement to have low microwave losses. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may use microwaves to heat solid fuel. The conveyor belt 300 can absorb energy and heat up. If the material of the conveyor belt 300 does not have low microwave losses, the conveyor belt 300 may become hot and may break during operation. The radio frequencies of the microwave RF installation, such as the microwave system 148 of the conveyor installation 130, can be used in the range from 300 MHz to 1 GHz and can take radio frequency values at which the conveyor can have low microwave losses. Some operating conditions inside the conveyor unit 130 may cause a slight increase in the amount of microwave energy absorbed by the conveyor belt 300. For example, when the solid fuel is dry, or when the amount of solid fuel on the conveyor belt decreases, there is little material to absorb microwave energy in it. As a result, the conveyor belt 300 can absorb more microwave energy.

For the conveyor belt 300, there may be a requirement to maintain a constant high temperature resulting from the operation of the conveyor unit 130. Such constant temperatures may include 150 ° F, 200 ° F, 250 ° F, or the like. The conveyor belt 300 can withstand such high temperatures beyond the operating time interval. In addition, for the conveyor belt 300, there may be a requirement to maintain localized heat outside the constant operating temperature of the conveyor unit 130. Such localized high temperatures may be caused by individual parts of the solid fuel developing at a temperature of 500 ° F, 600 ° F, 700 ° F, or things like that. These localized heat spots may burn the conveyor belt 300, which can lead to interruptions in the operations of the solid fuel processing unit 132.

For the conveyor belt 300, there may be a requirement to withstand continuous wear during processing of solid fuels. For example, solid fuel can enter the conveyor belt from a height of one foot, two feet, three feet, etc. In another example, the solid fuel may wear the belt of the conveyor 300 as it slides along the belt of the conveyor 300. There may be a requirement for the belt to constantly resist wear outside of operating time intervals.

For the conveyor belt 300, there may be a requirement for a non-bore surface thereof for bulk solids, moisture, and the like. If bulk solids of solid fuel in some place penetrate through the conveyor belt 300, then they can lead to breakage of the conveyor belt 300. For example, if solid fuel in some place constantly penetrates through the conveyor belt 300 into the mechanical part of the conveyor unit 130, then the mechanical parts of the conveyor unit 130 may operate with difficulty or may be jammed, which may lead to interruptions in the operations of the solid fuel processing unit 132. In addition, the absorbed moisture inside the conveyor belt 300 may can increase the amount of microwave energy that can be absorbed by the conveyor belt 300. Absorption of microwave energy can heat the conveyor belt 300 and, as a result, shorten the life of the conveyor belt 300.

The structure of the conveyor belt 300 can use many materials in order to meet the environmental requirements of the conveyor unit 130. In the implementations of the invention, these materials can be used as multilayer, medium, composite, interlayers, foam, single-layer, as additive or in other combinations known in the art, such that the conveyor belt 300 resists the environmental conditions of the conveyor unit 130. The material may be used butyl, rubber, braided polyester, aluminum, polyester, fiberglass, Kevlar, Nomex, silicone, polyurethane, multilayer materials, ceramics, high-temperature plastics, their combinations and the like. In implementations of the invention, the conveyor belt can be constructed on a multilayer basis, such as with a top layer, a structural layer, a middle layer, a bendable layer, a woven layer, a matting layer, a cork layer, a temperature-resistive layer, a low microwave loss layer, a non-porous layer, and like that. In future implementations, the layer may be movable to facilitate movement, repair, replenishment, or the like.

In implementations of the invention, the conveyor belt 300A is configured with many layers, as shown in FIG. 3. In this implementation, the bottom layer forms a structural layer 310 made of matrix material 302 reinforced with structural cords 304 similar to a bendable structure. Such a structural layer 310 may satisfy such requirements as high structural integrity, high strength, and the like. An example of a combination of materials that can be combined to implement structural layer 310 can be white butyl matrix rubber 302 with braided polyester as structural cords 304. Other materials that can be used as matrix material include natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polymer hydrocarbon, or the like. Other materials that can be used as structural cords 304 include Kelwar, Nomex, metal, plastic, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, and the like. In this implementation, the top layer forms a coating 308 that can withstand high temperatures. The surface layer 308 may also have heat-insulating properties, allowing it to be isolated from the bottom layer from heated solid fuel. The surface layer 308 may not have high strength, but it is required to have wear resistance, have a low microwave loss coefficient, have thermal properties that allow it to retain heat, or the like. Examples of such surface layers 308 include fiberglass, low loss ceramic, and alumina, optical fiber, corundum, organic fiber, composite materials, or the like. In implementations of the invention, the surface layer 308 may be incorporated as a tightly woven material, or in a foam form. Another example of the material of the surface layer 308 may be silicone. Silicone is able to withstand high temperatures, but cannot resist wear. In this regard, the top layer over the silicone, such as polyurethane, or the additive in silicone can contribute to increased wear resistance.

In implementations of the invention, the surface layer 308 can be made in such a way that it can be easily removed, can be easily replaced, repaired, refilled, or the like regarding the surface layer 308. In this case, the requirement to have wear resistance and a non-brittle structure can be weakened . In one implementation of the invention, the surface layer 308 can be made in the form of rollers with the loading of rotating rollers on one side of the conveyor belt 300 and removing the load of the rollers on the other side.

In implementations of the invention, the conveyor belt 300B shown in FIG. 4 can withstand environmental conditions in the conveyor unit 130 without a surface coating 308. This can be done by introducing high temperature material components inside the matrix material 302, since white butyl rubber is more resistant to high ambient temperatures in the conveyor unit 130. In implementations of the invention, the structural layer 310 can prevent the burning of the conveyor belt 300C caused by the high temperature of the solid fuel, by inserting the middle layer of thermoresistive material 502, as shown in Figure 5. An example of such a middle layer 502 is Kevlar, Nomex, metal, ceramic, fiberglass, or the like. In this configuration, the upper part of the structural layer 310 may melt, but the conveyor belt 300C may still be operational while repairing the upper part of the structural layer 310 is possible.

In implementations of the invention, the conveyor belt 300D may be resistant to environmental conditions of the conveyor unit 130 having a multi-layer configuration, as shown in FIG. 6, where the combination of layers discussed previously is repeated. Adding layers can, in addition, increase the strength of the conveyor belt 300D as much as possible to reduce the high temperature of solid fuel after burning it. There may be a surface layer 308, which may be temperature resistant, wear resistant, replaceable, and the like. You can use the structural layer 310A, with the middle layer 502. Such a composite layer is shown as an intermediate layer in the conveyor belt, but in implementations there may be a top layer, an intermediate layer, a cork layer and the like. There may be a structural layer 310B. Structural layer 310B is shown as a cork layer, but in implementations of the invention there may be an intermediate layer or top layer. Other implementations of the invention consist of numerous layers, which are not limited to the combinations shown in Fig.6. For example, the implementation may consist of a combination of layers in which the middle layer 502 inside the structural layer 310A is absent, or there are a different number of layers in the composite layers, or the composite layer is made of many sublayers, and the like. Although FIG. 6 illustrates a structure with multiple layers and composite layers, obviously, numerous other layered structures may appear that can be introduced into this area by any qualified person and can be integrated into the invention.

In the implementations of the invention can be used other methods that prevent the appearance of high temperature solid fuels and prevent burnout. An example of an alternative method can be the use of a thermographic camera to provide space for solid fuel elements having a high temperature. After determining the location of the high temperature solid fuel element, an aerosol cooling procedure can be used to lower the temperature, or a sweeper can be used to remove the part before the conveyor belt 300 becomes unusable. Another example of an alternative method is the ability to measure the dielectric characteristics of all elements of solid fuel that are fed to the input of the conveyor unit 130 and remove those in which a high temperature has been detected. Another example of an alternative method may consist of transporting solid fuel on a conveyor belt, which in this configuration includes a fluidized bed, which thereby equalizes the temperature of all elements, and insulates the solid fuel elements having high temperature on the conveyor belt 300.

In implementations of the invention, the controller 144 and the control unit 134 may have a feedback loop system with a controller that provides operating parameters for the solid fuel processing unit 132 and the conveyor unit 130, as well as for the control unit 134 receiving data from the sensors 142 of the conveyor unit 130 to determine as far as operating parameters require adjustment in order to produce the required processed carbon. During coal processing, continuous application and regulation of the operating parameters of the solid fuel processing plant 132 and the conveyor unit 130 is possible.

As the controller 144, a computer device may be used, which may be a desktop computer, a server, a web server, a small portable computer, or the like. All computer devices can be placed one after another, or, if the number of computer devices exceeds a certain value, can be distributed at a remote distance from each other. Computer devices can be connected via local area networks, wide area networks, the Internet, intranet, P2P, or other new types of interfaces using wired or radio communications. The controller 144 may be commercially available as a control computer, the purpose of which is to control various devices, or it can be made to order as a controller 144. The controller 144 may be fully automatic, may not take into account the operating parameter, may be manually controlled, can be remotely controlled, and the like. A controller 144 is shown as part of the installation 130, but may not have a location requirement related to the conveyor installation 130; the controller 144 may be installed at the beginning or end of the conveyor unit 130, or somewhere in between. The controller 144 may have a user interface; the user of the interface can be visually informed at a remote distance from a computer device connected to the controller 144 via a branched chain.

Controller 144 may provide operating parameters for a conveyor unit 130 and a solid fuel processing installation device 132, which may include a receiver 124, a preheater 140, control sensors 142, a replacement device 150, a microwave device 148, a cooling device 164, a product dispenser 168 and the like. There may be a duplex communication system with a controller 144 transmitting operating parameters, and various systems and installations transmitting operating values of the current operation. Controller 144 may provide a user interface by displaying both operating parameters and operating values of the current operation. The controller 144 may not be able to automatically adjust the operating parameters that can be adjusted by the control setting 134.

As the control setting 134, a computer device may be used, which may be a desktop computer, a server, a web server, a small portable computer, or the like. All computer devices can be placed one after another, or, if the number of computer devices exceeds a certain value, can be distributed at a remote distance from each other. Computer devices can be connected via local area networks, wide area networks, the Internet, intranet, P2P, or other new types of interfaces using wired or radio communications. The control unit 134 may have several operating parameters, as well as the controller 144, and may receive the same current operating parameters from different installations and systems. Installation 134 may have an algorithm for comparing the required sensor parameters generated by the parameter generating installation 128 and the current operating values received from the sensors 142, and determining whether there are changes in the values of the operating parameters compared to those required. For example, the control unit 134 may compare the current value of the values of the steam sensor at a particular location of the conveyor installation 130 with the desired values of the sensors and determine how much microwave energy should be increased or decreased. If a change in the operating parameters requires adjustment, then the adjustment of the parameter can be transferred to the controller 144 so that it transfers them to the corresponding device or devices. The control unit 134 can continuously control the solid fuel processing plant 132 and the conveyor system 130 to adjust the parameters.

As a most complete example, the controller 144 may provide operating parameters for the installation of controlling the parameters of the conveyor installation 140 necessary for the operation of various systems of the conveyor installation 130. As the coal processing is improved, the control installation 134 can control the sensors 142 to determine whether the processed coal meets the sensor requirements for the required coal processing. If there is a difference between the required table values of the sensor and the current table values of the sensor, which are within acceptable limits, the control installation 134 can adjust one or more operating parameters and transfer the new operating parameters to the controller 144. The controller 144 can receive new operating parameters and transmit new parameters to a parameter control device 140 for controlling various conveyor system systems 130.

The control unit 134 can also receive feedback information at the end of the coal processing process, from the feedback setting 174 and the output parameters of the coal 172. Here, two plants can receive the final characteristics of the coal processing process and transmit information to the control device 134. The control unit 134 can compare characteristics of the finished coal with the required characteristics 122 to determine whether the operating parameter requires adjustment. In implementing the invention, the control unit 134 may use an algorithm evaluating the current operating values and the final values of the treated coal to determine the adjustment in the operating parameters. The results of the adjustment should then be transmitted to the controller 144 for auditing the operation of the solid fuel processing plant 132.

The functions and interactions of the various systems of the coal processing plants 132 and the plants shown in FIG. 1 can be illustrated by the example of coal to be processed in the solid fuel processing plant 132.

In this example, the operators of the solid fuel processing unit 132 may select untreated coal for processing within the solid fuel processing unit 132 to deliver specially treated coal to a customer. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may select source coal and coal with the required characteristics 122 for the final processing of coal. As described previously, the setting generation parameter 128 can generate operating parameters for processing the selected coal. Parameters may include an estimate of the coal to be processed, ambient air, conveyor speed, coal temperature, microwave power, microwave frequency, required inert gases, required tabular values of the preheating temperature sensor, lower cooling temperature, and the like. The parameter generation setting 128 may transmit operating parameters and sensor parameters to the control installation 134 and controller 144; the controller 144 may transmit operating parameters and sensor parameters to the parameter control installation 140 and the sensor system 142.

Continuing the consideration of this example, the receiving unit 124 may receive raw coal from one of the coal mines 102, or storage units 112, which can supply coal to the solid fuel processing unit 132. Raw coal can be supplied from the storage area located in the solid fuel processing unit 132. The receiving unit 124 has an inlet section, a transit section and an adaptation section, which can receive and control the flow rate and volume of coal that can be loaded into the processing unit solid fuel ki 132. Receiving Unit 124 may have a receiving system such as the conveyor belt 300 or the like which may forward the raw coal to the conveyor 130.

In an example embodiment of the invention, the receiving unit may control the amount of raw coal entering the conveyor unit based on operating parameters provided by the controller 144. The receiving unit may be able to change the speed of the receiving device determined by the parameter loading controller 144. In an embodiment of the invention, the receiving unit 124 may be able to send raw coal to the receiving unit 134 in a continuous mode, or it may be able to send raw coal at a variable or pulsating speed at which the raw coal can enter the conveyor unit 130 into the coal receiving hoppers; coal receiving bins may have a predetermined gap between the filled batches of coal.

In the present example, the conveyor unit 130 may receive raw coal from a receiving unit 124 for transporting raw coal through a coal processing procedure. Coal processing procedures may include treating the coal by preheating 138, treating the coal in a microwave device 148, treating as cooling 164, and the like. The conveyor unit 130 may have a transport device that can be insulated to create a chamber where coal can be processed, and in which the processing process can be prepared.

In implementations of the invention, the conveyor system 300 may be a conveyor belt 300, a sequence of individual containers, or other transportation methods that can be used to transport coal through plants that perform its processing. The transport system can be made of materials that can be able to withstand the high temperature of the processed coal (for example, metal, or high-temperature plastics). Transport devices can facilitate the withdrawal of by-products, such as gas, or liquid from any coal; the output by-products, if necessary, can be collected by the conveyor unit 130. The speed of the transport system can be variable and controlled by the controller of the operating parameters 144. The conveyor unit 130 of the transport system can move at the same speed as the receiving unit 124 for storing balanced volumes of coal.

The ambient air inside the chamber of the conveyor unit 130 can be maintained in a predetermined mode, when it can be used to remove by-products, preventing premature combustion of coal, and ensuring the gas flow in the direction of the gases of the by-products of the corresponding removal system 150. The ambient air may be dry ( with low humidity or without moisture) to help remove moisture from coal, or can be used to control some moisture condensation that forms chamber walls for fluid collection in this area.

The chamber of the conveyor unit 130 may have an inert or partially inert atmosphere; an inert gas atmosphere can prevent the ignition of coal during high temperatures, which may be necessary to remove some by-products (e.g. sulfur).

Inert gases can be loaded with an anti-ignition unit 154, which can store inert gases for feeding them into the chamber of the conveyor unit 130. Inert gases include nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon and radon. Nitrogen and argon are common inert gases used to supply non-combustible atmospheric gases. The anti-ignition unit 154 may have filled gas reservoirs that can fill the chamber with inert gases. The inert gas inlet to create the proper ambient gas can be controlled by the operating parameter controller 144. The controller 144 can control the inert gas flow using feedback from sensors within the chamber that can measure the current mixed gases. Based on the data of the sensors 142, the controller 144 can either increase or decrease the inert gas flow to maintain the working atmospheric parameters provided by the controller 144 and set the parameter generation 128.

If the chamber of the conveyor unit 130 uses nitrogen as an inert gas, it can be obtained elsewhere, in the gas generation unit 152. For example, the gas generation unit 152 can use the amplitude pressure absorption (PSA) procedure to supply the nitrogen required by the conveyor unit chamber 130. A gas generation unit 152 may provide nitrogen to an anti-ignition unit for placement in a chamber. The flow of nitrogen in the chamber can be controlled by controller 144, as discussed earlier.

Any of the gases entering the environment can be produced using positive or negative pressure applied to the atmosphere inside the chamber. Gases can enter the chamber with positive pressure, allowing the passage of flow through the conveyor installation of coal 130, and the exit stream from the sections of the chamber. In such a process organization, negative pressure can be applied to suck the gases into the chamber through coal. Both of these processes can be used to collect the separated by-product gas in the removal system 150.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controller can control the gas flow in the chamber by measuring the gas velocity, gas direction, input pressure values, output pressure values and the like. The controller 144 may provide control and adjustment of the gas flow by changing the blades and blowers inside the conveyor system.

For processing coal inside the chamber of the conveyor unit 130, a vacuum or partially vacuum can be maintained. An environmental vacuum can contribute to the removal of by-products from coal and can also serve as a preventive measure for igniting coal by cleaning the environment, which contributes to the ignition of coal.

Continuing the processing of coal inside the conveyor unit 130, the coal may, first of all, be supplied to the preheater 138. The preheater 138 can heat the coal to a temperature specified by the operating parameters; operating parameters may be set by controller 144. To remove moisture from the surface and moisture that may even be lower than the surface of the coal, the coal may be preheated. The removal of excessive moisture can be implemented by microwave systems 148, which for greater efficiency will be used later because there may be a minimum of damp surface to absorb microwave energy.

The preheater 138 may contain the same atmosphere as in the stationary part of the conveyor unit 130, or it may support a different atmosphere.

Preheating unit 138 may use the same conveying unit as the stationary part of the conveyor unit 130, or may have its own conveying unit. If the preheating unit has its own transportation unit, it can be controlled by the controller 144 and change its speed, thus ensuring the removal of specific moisture during preheating. The moisture that can be removed can be detected by a water vapor sensor, or the operation of weighing coal before and after can be used to determine the amount of moisture that can be removed by the pre-heater 138. In the implementation, sensors 142 can measure the weight of the coal with a pre-and post-graduated procedure pre-heating process. For an effective amount of moisture removed from the coal, it is possible to use the feedback of the controller 144, which can adjust the speed of the conveying device of the preheater 138, thereby providing adjustments if necessary.

After the preheating unit 138 is set up, the coal may be located in the conveyor unit 130 of the coal processing procedure with at least one microwave channel (microwave system) 148 used for coal processing. The microwave electromagnetic energy system 148 may be in the form of a magnetron, klystron, gyrotron, and the like. Microwave device 148 can introduce microwave energy into coal to heat by-products and remove by-products from coal. Since by-products heat up in coal when heated, coal can also heat up. Removal of by-products can occur when a substance changes from a solid phase to liquid, liquid to gaseous, solid to gaseous, or when other phases change that can lead to the removal of by-products from coal.

In conveyor systems 130, in which there may be more than one microwave system 148, the microwave system 148 may be in a parallel orientation, a sequential orientation, or a combination of parallel and serial orientations for a conveying system.

As will be described in more detail below, the microwave system 148 can be in a parallel orientation, in which more than one microwave system 148 is always combined to form a simple station of microwave processing systems 148. In a simple station, several small microwave systems 148 can be used, different frequencies are possible, which can be used in a simple station, various powers are possible, which can be used in different stations, various duty cycles are possible used in a simple station antsii, and the like.

Microwave systems 148 can also be installed in series, where there can be more than one microwave system in a station 148 installed along the conveyor unit 130. Any of the sequences of microwave devices of stations 148 can be an individual microwave device 148, or can be a group of parallel microwave devices 148. The sequence of stations of the microwave devices 148 may allow the processing of coal independently in different serial stations of the microwave devices along the convoy nuclear installation 130. For example, in the first station, the microwave system 148 can expect to remove water, moisture from coal, which may require some power, frequency, and duty cycles. In the second station, the microwave system 148 may wait for sulfur to be removed from the coal, which may require different power, frequency, and duty cycles.

Using a series of microwave systems, it is also possible to have other processing stations between the microwave devices 148, such as waiting stations for the completion of the complete withdrawal of by-products, systems of a by-product removal station 150, a system sensor 142 for detecting separated by-products, or the like.

The sequence of stations of the microwave devices 148 can facilitate the isolation of various by-products that need to be separated and removed at various stages of the operation of the conveyor unit 130. This makes it easier to store the separated removable by-products and collect them with an appropriate removal system 150. This can also lead to the fact that mapping a single microwave system 148 for stepwise processing or a stepwise process results in the use of a special microwave system 148 for performing private tapa process or task step by step procedures. Thus, for example, microwave devices 148 are activated only for such a step-by-step procedure that must be performed. In this example, if the step-by-step procedure does not need to be performed, the corresponding microwave device 148 does not need to be activated; if the step-by-step procedure requires repetition, the corresponding microwave device 148 can be reactivated, for example, to remove by-products that have not been completely removed after the first activation.

In an embodiment of the invention, the control of the microwave system 148 includes a series of controlled steps, such as reading, controlling the status of the coal processing procedure, adjusting the operating parameters, and applying new operating parameters to at least one microwave system 148. As will be described below, the control , the regulation and feedback procedure for providing operating parameters of the microwave system 148 may be applicable to one or more microwave systems, mainly one and about the same time.

At least one of the microwave systems 148 may be controlled by a controller 144. In implementations of the invention, the controller 144 may provide operating parameters that control the microwave frequency, microwave power, microwave duty cycle (e.g., continuous or pulsed operation). The controller 144 can only receive the initial parameters from the parameter generation installation 128. The microwave system 148 can be controlled in real time, for example, using the operating parameters that were set on the microwave system 148, using sensors 142, the output of the process operations, s using the control installation 134, which receives and regulates the operating parameters, using the feedback of the operating parameters supplied to the controller 144, and then, using the duty cycle control device, which first, if necessary, to be repeated.

Controller 144 may provide operating parameters for one or more microwave systems 148. Microwave systems 148 may respond to predetermined power, frequency, and duty cycle parameters that are controlled by controller 144 while processing coal in accordance with controller commands received at a private station.

Microwave systems may require a significant amount of power to process coal. For some implementations of the invention of the microwave systems 148 of the solid fuel processing plant 132, the required microwave power supply may be at least 15 kW at a frequency of 928 MHz or lower; in other implementations of the invention, the required microwave power may be at least 75 kW at a frequency of 902 MHz. The power supply for microwave system 148 can be supplied by the input high voltage transmitted by installation 182. Such installation 182 may be able to increase or decrease voltage from the source to meet the requirements of microwave system 148. In implementations of the invention, microwave system 148 may have more than one microwave generator. The input power to the system 180 may provide a connection to the input high voltage of the broadcast input of the installation 182 for the required voltage values. If the solid fuel processing unit 132 is installed in the electric power production unit 204, the input power to the system 180 can be obtained directly from the power of the electric power production unit 204. In other implementations of the invention, the input power to system 180 can be obtained from a local power system.

As indicated here, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may use magnetrons 700 to generate microwave energy for processing solid fuel (e.g., coal). 7 shows a magnetron that can be used as part of a microwave system 148 for a solid fuel processing unit 132. In implementations of the invention, the magnetron 700 may be in the form of a vacuum tube of high power that generates coherent microwaves. The magnetron 700, which generates a large energy output, may consist of a filament that acts as a cathode 714, which maintains a high negative potential using a powerful high voltage source of direct current (DC) 802. The cathode can be structurally made inside the center of the vacuum, lobed circular chamber. The outer lobe of the chamber can act on the anode 710 in such a way that it begins to attract electrons arising from the emission of the cathode. The magnetic field can be formed by a magnet, or an electromagnet, and is oriented in such a way that the emission of electrons from the cathode 714 occurs along an external spiral of a circular path. The lobular openings are open along their length and, as a result, are connected to the unifying hole of region 712. As the electrons slip through these holes, they can induce a high resonant radio frequency in the unifying hole 712, which, when rotated, can cause the electrons to combine into groups. Part of this area can be captured using a short antenna 702, which is connected to the waveguide. The waveguide can directly direct the extracted energy of the radio frequency past the magnetron to solid fuel, heating and processing it, as indicated here elsewhere. Alternatively, energy from a magnetron can be directed to solid fuel by an antenna without using a waveguide.

Fig. 8 shows a high voltage setting for magnetron 700. A high voltage direct current installation DC802, connected through the terminals 718 of magnetron 700, which provides a large energy output for processing solid fuel, can have a high DC voltage of values such as 5000V, 10000V, 20000V, 50000V and the like. In implementations of the invention, the typical level of high voltage is 20000-30000 V (DC). Such a magnitude of the high voltage of DC 802 may be derived from an electric power plant, the voltage of which is presented in the form of a single-phase or multiphase voltage of alternating current (AC) of the power supply network 180, which is converted to a high voltage of DC 802 through the high-voltage input of the installation 182. Electric power plant, AC power voltage current (AC) which is supplied to the system 180, may be a state working installation, or, for example, a private working installation. The AC voltage values of the electrical system 180 provided by the power plant may be 120V, 240V, 480V, 1000V, 14600V, 25000V, or the like. In implementations of the invention, the typical voltage used in the installation may be 160 kV (AC), and may be typically three-phase. Further, it is necessary to convert the values of the alternating voltage of the power supply network 180 to the high voltage voltage DC 802 used by the magnetron, moreover, some lost electrical power may result from the electrical inconsistency of the high voltage at the power transmission input of the installation 182. It is desirable to reduce these electrical power losses associated with the high voltage input power transmission of the installation 182 in order to minimize the operating costs of the installation associated with the operation of the processing plant fuel oil 132. In the configuration of the high-voltage power transmission input of the installation 182, a number of implementations of the invention can be used.

Fig. 9 shows a transformerless high-voltage input of an electric power transmission installation 900 with one embodiment of the invention of a high voltage input of an electric power transmission installation 182. A transformerless high-voltage input of an electric power transmission installation 900 can convert high voltage AC of an electric network 180 (in implementations, this can be 14600 V AC) directly to the high voltage DC 802 required for the operation of the magnetron 700 (in implementations, this value may be 20,000 V DC current). By directly converting the high voltage of the AC mains 180 to the high DC voltage of the DC 802 installation, some steps can be avoided, which can lead to an increase in the efficiency of the mains, and thus reduce the cost of functioning of the solid fuel processing plant 132. In implementations of the invention, the exclusion of the steps may include a procedure for lowering the voltage of an electric power plant of a high voltage of alternating current 180 to a low voltage of alternating current using trans formators. Next, with the help of a rectifier, a low DC voltage is obtained, and then, the reduced DC voltage is again converted to the high voltage DC 802A required by the magnetron using the additional voltage. In order to avoid these intermediate steps inside the high-voltage input of the electric power transmission installation 182, both efficiency and reliability of the devices can be improved, as well as capital investment and maintenance costs can be reduced.

In a first step, a transformerless high-voltage input of an electric power transmission installation 900 receives a high AC voltage in the installation 180, which is supplied through a high-speed high-current circuit breaker 902, sometimes referred to as a chopper. An open circuit occurs automatically by an electrical switch when it is necessary to protect the electrical circuit from an accident caused by overload or short circuit. For each phase of the input of the high-voltage AC voltage input coming from the power plant 180, there is one high-speed high-current circuit breaker 902. The speed, high-current circuit breaker 902 can be quite sufficient for subsequent switching on of the circuit after a short circuit inside the transformerless high-voltage input of the power transmission installation 900 to protect electrical energy distribution devices. High speed, high-current bursting device can provide electrical insulation and protection of distribution electrical installations, which, in addition, can be equipped with other components, such as transformer 1002. Using a high-speed, high-current chopper device 902 instead of transformer 1002 can lead to a significant increase in efficiency, rather than a transformer 1002 having electrical power losses caused by inefficiency and lack of speed current, high current circuit breaker. The high-speed, high-current circuit of chopper 902 can also protect the magnetrons 700 in the system. Surge or voltage surges can lead to failure of the magnetrons 700. This can cause a reduction in the microwave power supplied to the solid fuel and a possible cause of the magnetrons malfunction.

The second stage of the transformerless high-voltage input of the electric power transmission installation 900 consists in obtaining the AC 910 high-voltage output AC through a high-speed, high-current chopper and supplying voltage to the rectifier cascade 904, where it is converted to high-voltage DC current DC802. Rectifier 904 is an electrical device that incorporates one or more semiconductor devices such as diodes, thyristors, SCRs (Silicon Controlled Diodes), IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), and the like, designed to convert AC voltage to DC. The output of a very simple rectifier 904 can be characterized as a half-wave alternating current, which is then filtered by direct current. In practice, rectifiers 904 can be half-wave, half-wave, single-phase bridge, three-phase three-pulse, three-phase six-pulse, and the like, which, when combined with various filter elements, reduce the residual ripple of the alternating current. The resulting high-voltage output voltage of DC 802 from rectifier 904 can also be controlled, for example, by varying the ignition angle of silicon controlled diodes. This DC 802 high voltage output can be tuned to the theoretical maximum peak value of the AC power voltage input on lines 180. As an example, the input AC power voltage on lines 180 of 14600 V can theoretically produce a DC voltage corresponding to required 20000V. If the DC 802 meets the requirements of the input high voltage of the DC 802A for supply to the magnetron 700, then it may not be necessary to finally convert the DC voltage to DC by cascading the converter 908A, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 9. After converting the constant voltage to constant, the converters 908 can have an efficiency of 80%, 85%, 95% and the like, by removing the requirement for them to have a gain in future efficiency for a solid fuel processing plant 132.

The third stage, if necessary, consists of a transformerless high-voltage input of a power transmission installation of 900 converters 908 converting DC to DC voltage. In this implementation, there may still be a need for converters 908 DC to DC between the stages of the rectifier 904 and the magnetron 700, if the high voltage output DC802 from the rectifier is not high enough to meet the requirements of the high voltage DC 802A inputs of the magnetron 700. Converter DC to DC voltage is a converter in which one DC voltage is converted to another. Typically, converting a constant voltage to constant voltage is a conversion by applying a constant voltage through an inductance or transformer with a period of time, for example, determined by a frequency in the range from 100 kHz to 5 MHz, associated with the passage of current and the conservation of magnetic energy. Then this voltage can be turned off, while the stored energy must be transmitted to the voltage control output. By adjusting the turn-off time, the output voltage can be adjusted just as the required current changes. In this implementation, the need for a DC / DC converter depends on the upper level of the applied high-voltage AC power voltage on lines 180. For example, in the case of a power plant voltage of 12740 V AC, on power distribution lines 180, rectifier 904 can provide the maximum value voltage of DC 802 no more than 18000 V of a direct current. If the high voltage of the 802A DC required by the magnetron is 20,000VDC, then a higher voltage of the 802A DC is required for the cascade of the DC / DC converter 908 to meet the requirements of the magnetron 700.

Adding a high-speed, high-current interrupter to the transformerless power converter installation 900 can also protect energy electrical devices from defects of non-electric origin inside the solid fuel processing unit 132. Outside of the electric voltage drop due to equipment failure, the magnetron 700 can form an arc associated with a drop of the magnetic field inside the magnetron 700. Such an arc condition can cause a large value of the peak current from the electric power plant. In implementations of the invention, a high-speed, high-current chopper can protect an electrical power plant from such high current surges. The above example demonstrates a condition that can get ahead on the magnetron 700 to turn off the arc when the power is reflected too back to the magnetron 700. This can be a typical case of energy being reflected back to the magnetron 700 during operation, and to protect the magnetron 700 from a malfunction associated with this reflected power , a magnetron circulator 700 (insulator) is used. However, if the circulator malfunctions in the magnetron 700, an arc may form. Nevertheless, even if the system was designed for permissible power reflections, faults inside it could cause even greater current surges associated with turning off the magnetron 700 arc. This is just one example of a condition that can lead to high current drops from an electric power plant . Under any condition of a large current that lasts for more than a double period of 60 Hz, the distribution of energy supplying the installation can cause a malfunction, which could potentially cause the circuit breakers to be switched off again through distribution and transmission devices of possibly all power plants that have long been able to generate power. Smooth changes in the product produced by the solid fuel processing unit 132 can cause large reflections and lead to the appearance of an arc. Another malfunction may be as a result of the appearance of abrupt current changes of clearly technological origin. These and other conditions of current damage can be eliminated by the presence of a high-speed, high-current chopper. The transformerless input of the high-voltage installation 900 can provide the greatest efficiency of electric power and protection against malfunctions caused by the elimination or reduction of insufficiency inside the installation 182 of the input translational voltage.

Figure 10 shows the installation of a high-voltage input for transmitting electricity with a transformer 1000, which is one embodiment of the invention for transmitting the input high voltage of the installation 182. This configuration of power conversion corresponds to providing a high voltage DC magnetron in three stages. In a first step, a high AC voltage on lines 180 is transformed into a low voltage AC 910 using a transformer 1002. The transformer 1002 can be an electrical device that transmits energy from one electrical circuit to another using a magnetic circuit. Transformer 1002 contains two or more pairs of wire windings and may also have a magnetic rod for magnetic flux concentration. Figure 10 presents the input of the AC voltage on the lines 180 supplied to the first winding, called the primary, which creates a time-varying magnetic flux in the rod, which induces an alternating voltage 910 on another winding, called the secondary. Transformers 1002 are used to convert between voltages, to change wave impedance, and to provide electrical isolation between circuits. For example, the input high AC power voltage on lines 180 of FIG. 10 may have a value of 14,600 VAC, and the reduced output voltage AC910 may have a value of 480 VAC. In addition, these AC voltages are different from each other and can also be isolated from one another. Transformer 1002 may be a single-phase transformer, may be implemented in the form of many single-phase transformers, in the form of a combined installation of transformers, in the form of a multiphase transformer or the like. In addition, the transformer can be powered by a power plant. The transformer may have electrical power inefficiently associated with the conversion from one voltage to the next, and such inefficiency may be associated with the voltage and current at the input and output of the transformer 1002.

In the second stage of transmitting the input high voltage of the installation in a configuration with a transformer 1000, the low voltage AC 204A passes through the rectifier 904 to obtain an equivalent low voltage DC 802. As an example, with an input of an alternating voltage AC 910 with a value of 480 V, it is theoretically possible to obtain an output DC voltage DC 802 no less than 677V. A voltage of 677V may not be sufficient to obtain the high voltage DC 104 required for the magnetron. In this structure, a third cascade of converter 908, which converts direct voltage to direct voltage, may be required, where the low voltage DC802 from rectifier 904 is set higher than the required high voltage DC 802A, or 20,000 VDC when using direct-to-constant voltage conversion by converter 908.

The input high voltage transmitted to the installation in the implementation with a transformer 1000 can bring the benefits of a standard three-phase voltage, low voltage, a number of transformable voltages available from the power plant. One example of such a device is a three-phase four-wire 480/277 transformer, which typically supplies power to large buildings and commercial centers. A voltage of 480 V is used to start the engines, while 277 V is used to operate in fluorescent lighting installations. To obtain 120V, an appropriate output may be required, which can be powered from the 480V line. Other examples of standard three-phase voltages can use a voltage of 575-600V rather than 480V, which can be reduced if a third converter cascade 908 is needed, converting direct voltage to constant voltage. These examples are not restrictive and other configurations that provide a skilled level in the process can be considered. The use of a standard transformer device can eliminate the need for special equipment from a power plant, and can thus reduce the initial cost of such implementations. However, the reduced operating power associated with converting the AC voltage to low, and then converting the DC voltage to DC again can be undesirable procedures, since they can increase the operating cost of a solid fuel processing plant.

11 shows a transformerless high-voltage input of an electric power transmission installation with inductor 1100, which is a variation of the previously discussed power conversion installation 900 and represents one embodiment of the invention of a high-voltage input translation installation 182. This embodiment of the invention is similar to a transformerless input of an electric power transmission installation 900, including that there is no transformer 1002, but it is faster than a high voltage AC powered and in installation 180, through a high-speed, high-current chopper that protects the high power voltage of the alternating current in the installation 180, which supplies the rectifier 904 directly. As was the case with the transformerless power plant 900, the high-voltage output of the rectifier 904 DC802 can be sufficient to exclude DC / DC converter 908. The intention to have a high-speed, high-current chopper 902 in the transformerless high-voltage input of the power transmission installation 900 was to protect the electrical power installations of the power supply devices in the event of a short circuit inside the solid fuel processing unit 132. A high-speed, high-current chopper 902 can quickly respond to circuit disconnection, when the power electrical installation is functioning properly. Speed is necessary because there is no isolation transformer. The transformerless high-voltage input of the electric power transmission installation with inductor 1100 protects the components from short circuit by alternating current, since the high-current inductor 1102 is connected in series with the magnetron. Inductor 1102 slows down the reaction time to a short circuit, providing a standard power plant with a non-fast circuit breaker, the response time of which is sufficient to open and protect the power electrical supply unit. An inductor located in a direct current circuit does not affect the circuit and acts as a virtual short circuit in the circuit. But if a short circuit occurs inside the solid fuel processing unit 132, the reaction of the inductor will simulate the current response by introducing a delay to the short circuit effect. This delay can thus provide sufficient time for the standard breaker device 902 to operate, which can be avoided by the speed requirement, since it is not necessary.

12 shows a high-voltage input of a high-voltage direct current DC transmission installation with a transformer 1200 with one implementation of a high-voltage input of an electric power transmission installation 182. This configuration of a power voltage conversion providing a high voltage of a DC 802 on a magnetron is performed in two stages. In a first step, the high voltage AC voltage of the installation 180 can be transformed up or down, as required, using a transformer 1002. The input-output voltage values can be determined using the current input high-voltage AC voltage of the installation 180, and the required output high-voltage voltage DC802 used by the magnetron 700. In the second stage, the high voltage AC 910 from the output of the transformer 1002 passes through the cascade of the rectifier 904. The chopper 904 converts the input high voltage AC 910 to the high DC voltage DC 802, which is required by the magnetron 700. The voltage level of the transformer 1002 and the adjustable output of the rectifier 904 can both be selected based on the input 180 V high-voltage AC voltage and the required values a high-voltage output voltage of DC 802 supplied to the magnetron 700. For example, a solid fuel processing unit 132 may be installed in a geographic region where access to a power plant for a high-voltage alternating current power supply installation 180 of a power supply voltage of 80,000 V. If the magnetron 700 requires a DC voltage of DC 802 DC equal to 20,000 V, then the high DC voltage of DC 910 supplied to the rectifier 904 can be selected taking into account the required voltage level , and so as to provide the smallest output ripple, or the highest efficiency for the rectifier 904. The selected high-voltage input DC 910 can be, for example, 16000V. In this case, the transformation coefficient representing the ratio of the number of turns of the primary to secondary winding for the transformer 1002 may be 5: 1. The AC voltage of 80000V of the AC 180 power plant can be reduced at the AC910 to 16000V AC. The 16,000 VAC value of the high-voltage installation AC910 can then be converted to a high constant voltage DC802 by a rectifier 904 and applied to the magnetron 700 of the fuel processing unit 132. This implementation can lead to a high efficiency associated with the input voltage transmitted to the installation 182, which maintains a high voltage in all cases, while the insulation defect caused by the transformer 1002 remains. There were several illustrative examples of implementations of the invention, but only one, related to this field, could appreciate the changes and such changes are intended to be reflected in the present invention.

13 shows a high voltage input of a power transmission installation with an isolation transformer, which represents one implementation of a high voltage input of a power transmission installation 182. Such a power conversion configuration to provide high voltage DC 802A to magnetron 700 uses a transformer 1002 to electrically isolate the high voltage input, transmitted by the installation 182 from the power high-voltage power plant AC 180 power system. In this configuration, the transformer 1002 can only be used as an electrical insulator and does not perform the function of voltage exchange. The high-voltage AC power input on lines 180 is connected to a transformer 1002, the output of which is the same voltage as the output of the AC 1002A high-voltage transformer. With the AC910 high voltage remaining the same as a result of the operation of the transformer 1002, the function of replacing the voltage level to obtain the high DC voltage DC802A required by the magnetron 700 may first be supplemented by a converter 908 converting the constant voltage to constant. The high voltage AC910 from the output of the transformer is supplied to the rectifier 904, in which the high voltage AC910 is converted to the high voltage DC 802. As a result of rectification, the voltage level of the high voltage DC802 may be somewhat higher than the high voltage AC 910 at the input of the rectifier, but may be limited to a small increased percentage. If the high voltage of DC802 does not correspond to the high voltage of DC 802A required for the magnetron 700, then the DC / DC converter 908 can act as a high voltage element at the input of the electric power transmission installation 182, which provides, to a greater extent, a voltage replacement function. In implementations of the invention, such a configuration may provide a path for high voltage at the input of installation 182 for transmitting high-voltage DC 802A electricity to magnetron 700 electrically isolated from high-voltage AC power plants on lines 180. In this configuration, a reduction in efficiency can be realized caused by the presence of a transformer.

In implementations of the invention, the power required for the installation of processing solid fuel 132 may be high and may require a high line voltage, for example, 160 kV power transmitted line voltage. The required power can be high enough to test the concept and design of power substations located away from the solid fuel processing plant 132. Such powerful substations can only be used for the solid fuel processing plant 132, and essentially can lead to the choice of high levels voltages that best suit the required magnetron voltages. In this case, the requirement for the converter 908 converting the DC voltage to DC can be omitted.

Thus, by-products can be extracted from coal using microwave systems 148 that apply power, frequency, and duty cycles to private stations in the coal processing process. To determine the level of removed by-products, completely removed products, products released into the environment, the current state of the output of the microwave system 148, and the like, a sensor system can be used. The sensor system 142 may include sensors for water vapor, ash, sulfur, volatile components and other substances extracted from coal. In addition, the sensor system 142 may include sensors for microwave energy, microwave frequency, ambient gas, coal temperature, chamber temperature, conveyor speed, inert gas, and others. The sensors can be combined together, or can be located along the conveyor installation 130 in accordance with the requirements of the coal processing process. Several sensors can be used for the same value measurement. For example, a moisture sensor caused by water can be installed in the microwave system 148 of the station, and another moisture sensor caused by water can be installed after the microwave station 148. In this example, the construction of sensors can lead to the installation of a sensor for the amount of remote water vapor in the microwave itself station 148 and the amount of residual water vapor removed from the coal remaining in the microwave station 148. With this arrangement, the first sensor can be used to determine how much a given first level with This corresponds to the power, frequency, and operating cycle used, and the second sensor can determine if the reserved microwave processing system 148 can adequately remove water from coal. Similar methods may be applicable to any other sensors of the sensor system 142.

The read sensor may be receiving parameters from a control unit 140, which may have an interface sensor for each type of sensor used by the sensor system 142. The parameter control unit 140 may use an analog signal to feed it to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which converts the read analog value in digital form. After receiving the sensor data, the parameter control setting 140 can transmit the read value of the sensor to both devices, the controller 144 and the control setting 134. The controller 144 can use the read sensor to display the current data of the coal processing process presented on the user interface, where the user can observe the incoming process data and manually complete the not implemented appropriate operating parameters.

In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may receive current process data and then compare with the required parameters of the coal processing process to determine how much the coal processing unit produces coal that meets the required characteristics 122. The control unit 134 may contain at least two sets of processing parameters coal main parameters that can be represented by the installation generating parameters 128, and the current values of the data processing procedures of coal issued by the device parameter control 140. The control unit 134 can compare the required values of the current parameters to determine how much the coal processing plant produces coal that meets the required characteristics 122. The parameter generation unit 128 can also provide the control unit 134 for the tolerances that must be supported by the coal processing so that produce coal with the required characteristics 122. The control unit 134 may use a set of algorithms to determine if whether to adjust any operating parameter. Algorithms can compare the current sensor data 142, which is based on operating parameters and tolerances in operating parameters, to determine any adjustments in the operating parameters.

In addition, the control unit 134 may receive final processed data from the feedback installation 174, which may contain the output data of the coal from the installation 172 and the test installation 170. The operation algorithm of the control installation 134 may use the data obtained from the feedback installation 174, together with data from the current process received from the sensor system 142 to control the operating parameters of the coal processing.

The control device 134 may be able to adjust one or all of the operating parameters of the conveyor unit 130 in real time.

After the control installation 134 adjusts the operating parameters, the control installation 134 may save the adjusted operating parameters as new operating parameters and then transmit the new operating parameters to the controller 144.

The controller 144 may determine at least one new parameter obtained from the control unit 134, and may transmit this new operating parameter to various devices of the conveyor unit 130, which may include a microwave system 148.

Using the process of providing operating parameters described above, reading the current process values, interpreting the current procedure values, adjusting the required operating parameter values, and transmitting the adjusted operating parameters to the conveyor unit 130, some implementations of the inventions can provide a real-time feedback system that can continuously operate Track changes in conditions within the coal processing procedure.

It would be clear to a knowledgeable person in such a process that a feedback system can be applied to any systems and installations of a conveyor unit 130.

In an instance of a coal processing procedure, by-products may be removed from coal in the form of gas or liquids. The removal system 150 may be responsible for removing by-products from the conveyor unit 130; removal system 150 may remove by-products such as water, ash, sulfur, hydrocarbons, volatile hydroxides, and the like. The removal system 150 and the controller 144 may receive sensor information from the sensor system 142, so that the volume of by-products during the processing of coal can be less.

In conveyor unit 130, more than one removal system 150 may be used to remove gases and / or liquids. For example, the removal system 150 may remove water vapor in the microwave system of station 148 with other removal systems installed after the microwave station 148 to collect residual water vapor that can continuously decrease after the microwave system of station 148. Or, in another example, one system 150 may remove water vapor within another removal system 150, which can remove ash, sulfur, or other materials.

Controller 144 may provide operating parameters for removal system 150 to control fan speeds, pump speeds, and the like. The removal system 150 may utilize a feedback system similar to the microwave feedback system 148 described previously. In the case of a feedback system, sensors can provide information to a parameter control device 144 and a control device 134 to provide real-time feedback to an output device 150 for efficient output of by-products.

The removal system 150 may collect the removed gases and liquids from the conveyor unit 130 as a result of coal processing and transfer the collected by-products to the container unit 162. The container system 162 may collect the by-products from the conveyor unit 130 into at least one sealed tank or container . The control unit 134 may control the container unit 162 to determine the level of by-products and may provide user information on an interface that displays information from a computer device having access to the solid fuel processing unit 132. The control unit 134 may also determine when the container unit 162 is sufficiently full so that the contents of the tank or container can be transferred to the processing unit 160.

Processing unit 160 may be responsible for separating the various collected by-product fractions that may exist inside the container unit 162 in tanks and containers. In an embodiment of the invention, more than one by-product may be collected in a tank or container of a container unit during a coal treatment procedure. For example, ash can be removed simultaneously with water and sulfur during the microwave system procedure 148, and thus the collected by-product will be mixed with water and / or sulfur.

Processing plant 160 may receive a by-product from the container plant 162 to separate it into simple components. Unit 160 may utilize a variety of filtering and componentizing procedures, which may include precipitation, flocculation, centrifugation, filtration, disciliation, chromatography, electrophoresis, recovery, liquid recovery, precipitation, fractional freezing, sieving, winding and the like. .

The control unit 134 can control the processing processes of the unit 160 for its proper operation and for separation. Processing unit 160 may have its own sensors for reading data supplied to the control unit 134, or processing unit 160 may use a sensor system 142 to control processing processes.

Once processing unit 160 has divided the by-products into individual components, they can be transferred to a placement unit to remove solid fuel from the processing unit 132. Unit control unit 132 can transmit level information to the unit placement unit to determine when components could be placed . Unit control device 134 may provide information from the placement unit provided to the user interface inside the solid fuel processing unit 132. The products obtained from the placement unit 158 may be harmless (e.g., water and water vapor), may be similar to soil (e.g., ash) may be tradable products or commercial products subject to a resolution condition. In the above implementation, by-products are collected in a placement unit 158 and can be used in other plants (e.g., sulfur).

After the processing of coal at the conveyor unit 130 is completed, a procedure for cooling the coal at unit 164 can be initiated, where the cooling of the coal from its processing temperature to ambient temperature can be controlled. Like a conveyor unit 130, a cooling unit 164 may use atmospheric control, a transport system, sensors, and the like to control coal cooling. Coal cooling can be monitored, for example, as a preventative measure of re-absorption of moisture and / or as a preventive measure of other chemical reactions that may occur during the cooling procedure. To maintain the systems of the cooling installation, as well as parameters such as conveying speed, atmosphere, cooling level, air flow, and the like, a controller 144 may be used. The cooling installation 164 may use the same previously described feedback system installations operating in real time, used by the conveyor unit 130 to control operating parameters.

Finally, coal can be obtained from the output of unit 168 from the cooling unit 164 and conveyor unit 130. The output of unit 168 can have an inlet section, a transit section, and an adaptation section that can receive and control the flow and volume of coal that can come from the solid processing unit fuel 132. The finally processed coal can come from the solid fuel processing unit 132 to the coal fuel plant 200, the coal conversion plant 210, the installation of by-products 212, the installation of loads 214, installation of storage 218 and others. The output of the installation 168 may be an intake device, such as a conveyor belt 300, a screw, or similar devices that can feed the coal processing unit at its final location from the solid fuel processing unit 132.

Based on the operating parameters received from the controller 144, the output of the installation 168 can determine the amount of the final coal processing operation at the output of the conveyor installation 130. The output of the installation 168 may be able to change the rate of arrival of the output of the installation based on the received parameters from the controller 144.

In addition, the output of unit 168 can provide sample verification at a testing unit 170 to verify the final coal processing operation. The selection of coal samples can occur in automatic mode or in manual control mode; the selected coal may be obtained in a predetermined time, may be randomly selected, statistically selected, or the like.

The coal testing unit 170 can verify the final characteristics of the processed coal in order to compare with the desired characteristics of the coal 122 as a final quality control of the processed coal. Testing unit 170 may be located at solid fuel processing unit 132, at the location of the by-product removal unit, or may be a standard commercial coal testing laboratory. Figure 1 shows a testing device included in the installation of processing solid fuel. The final coal test can provide coal characteristics, which may include moisture percentage, ash percentage, volatile matter percentage, fixed carbon percentage, BTU / Ib, BTU / Ib MA Free, sulfur type, mine grinding index (HGI), total mercury the melting temperature of the ash, analysis of the mineral composition of the ash, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric constant and the like. Finished coal can be tested according to the test standards used, such as ASTM Standards D388 (Coal Grade Classification), ASTM Standards D 2013 (Coal Sample Preparation Method for Analysis), ASTM Standards D 3180 (Practical Standard for Coal Calculation, Coke Analysis based on certain data in various databases), US Geological Survey Bulletin 1823 (Methods for the selection and inorganic analysis of coal) and the like.

As soon as the final characteristics of the processed coal have been determined by the testing installation 170, the characteristics can be transferred to the installation of the output parameters of the coal 172 and / or can be applied with the shipped batch of finally processed coal. Attached test characteristics to the shipped coal batch may allow coal-based plants to know the characteristics of the coal and adjust the characteristics of the coal used to match the characteristics of the finished coal.

Similar to setting the desired characteristics of coal 122, the output setting of parameters 172 can store the characteristics data of the finished coal. Setting the output parameters of coal 172 can be in the form of a personal computer or in the form of a specialized computer for storing and tracking the characteristics of coal. The computer device may be a desktop computer, a server, a web server, a small portable computer, a CD device, a digital video disc device, system management equipment, or similar devices. All computer devices can be placed one after another, or, if the number of computer devices exceeds a certain value, can be distributed at a distance from each other. Computer devices can be connected via local area networks, wide area networks, the Internet, intranet, P2P, or other new types of interfaces using wired communication or radio technology.

Setting the output parameters of coal 172 may include collecting data, which may be a database, a relational database, XML, RSS, ASCII file, a uniform file, a text file, or the like. In the above implementation, setting the output parameters of coal 172 may be a search engine to find the data of the required characteristics of coal.

There are many output records of coal parameters stored in the installation of the output parameters of coal 172, based on the number of test samples obtained at the output of the installation 168 and testing installation 170.

Along with the various characteristics of coal, data records received from the testing installation 170, the output parameters of the coal 172 can store the received data, and / or transmit the received data of the characteristics of the coal to the feedback installation 174. Setting the output parameters of the coal 172 can only transmit new received characteristics coal, and transmit all data records for coal identification, transmission of statistical data of identifiable coal, or the like. Setting the output parameters of coal 172 can transmit any combination of data records to the feedback setup 174.

The feedback setting 174 can receive input data parameters from the setting of the output parameters of coal 172. The feedback setting 174 can be in the form of a personal computer, or in the form of a specialized computer for storing and tracking coal characteristics. The computer device may be a desktop computer, a server, a web server, a small portable computer, a CD device, a digital video disc device, system management equipment, or the like. All computer devices can be placed one after another, or, if the number of computer devices exceeds a certain value, can be distributed at a distance from each other. Computer devices can be connected via local area networks, wide area networks, the Internet, intranet, P2P, or other new types of interfaces using wired communication or radio technology.

The feedback installation 174 may request the installation of the output parameters of coal 172 to provide data for identifying the coal that is processed in the solid fuel processing unit 132. In implementations of the invention, the feedback installation 174 may request the installation of the output parameters 172 periodically, with the installation of a time period, or when data is required by the control setup 134, or when setting the output parameters of the coal 172 sends a new record, and the like.

Feedback setup 174 can only receive new data from coal characterization data, obtain all data from a number of data records for coal identification (e.g., numerous verification results), obtain an average of all data records for coal identification, obtain statistics for coal identification or like that. The feedback setting 174 may have algorithms for the finally obtained coal processing characteristics assembled together to be sent to the control device 134. The feedback installation 174 can supply the control device 134 with the last record of the characteristic data, all data records for coal identification (for example, numerous verification results), average values of all data records for coal identification, statistics of identified coal or the like.

Setting the output parameters 172 can transfer the characteristics of coal to a price / business calculation unit 178. The setting of price / business calculation 178 can determine the price and cost of processed coal from its receipt in raw form to final processing. The price / business costing estimate setting 178 can find the coal data thus obtained from the installation of the coal sample data 120; this facility can store the cost of coal produced (for example, cost / ton of coal). The pricing / business setting unit 178 may receive data from the setting of the output parameters of the coal 172, which may contain data related to the cost of processing the coal. The pricing / business setting unit 178 may employ software that can determine the final price of the processed coal based on cost data obtained and calculated based on the installation information of the coal sample data 120 and setting the output parameters of the coal 172.

As shown in FIG. 2, some aspects of the use of coal are related to the solid fuel processing unit 132. As described above, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can produce high quality coal for coal supply, most conveniently, to various consumers. In implementations of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may include an output product 168 installation through which the treated coal can be transferred in accordance with the systems and methods described herein. In implementations of the invention, a solid fuel processing unit 132 may include a testing unit 170, the detailed description of which was given above. As described previously, the results of the verification of coal in the testing installation 170 can be transferred to the consumption installation, as shown in Figure 2, that is, such an application of the installation can have more advantages compared to the private methods of processing coal produced in accordance with the described here devices and methods.

Figure 2 shows an example of plants that could use coal processed in accordance with the devices and methods described herein, including, but not limited to, a coal fuel plant 200 and a coal storage plant 202 for coal fuel, a coal conversion plant 210, a side plant products 212, a coal shipment installation 214 and a coal storage installation 218 for its transit shipment. In implementations of the invention, coal is shipped or transported from the installation of output products 168 to the installation for the use of coal. It follows that the installation of processing solid fuel 132 may be in close proximity to the installation of the use of coal, or both installations can move one in relation to the other.

Referring to FIG. 2, coal fuel treated in accordance with the devices and methods described herein may be housed in a coal fuel plant 200. Coal fuel 200 causes coal to burn at high temperature in the presence of oxygen to produce lighting and heat. Before the coal begins to burn, the coal must be heated to the ignition temperature. The ignition temperature of coal is the same as that recorded for the carbon it contains. The ignition temperature of volatile coal formations is higher than the ignition temperature of carbon fixed in it. Gaseous products thus arise during the combustion of coal. When combustion begins, the heat generated by the oxidation of combustible carbon can, in addition, retain a high temperature sufficient to maintain combustion. The coal to be used in the coal fuel plant 200 can be transported to the plant directly for use, or it can be stored in the storage unit 202 associated with the fuel coal plant 200.

As shown in FIG. 2, a combustion unit 200 can be used to generate electricity 204. Systems for generating electricity include fixed-bed systems 220, atomized coal systems 222, fluidized bed systems 224, and combined fuel systems 228 that utilize renewable sources energy in combination with coal fuel.

In implementations of the invention, fixed-bed systems 220 can be used with coal treated in accordance with the devices and methods described herein. Systems with a fixed layer of fuel 220 can use lump coal with a particle size of 1-5 cm as fuel. In systems with a fixed layer of fuel, coal is heated before entering the furnace, and thus moisture and volatile materials exit it. As soon as coal enters an area in which it can be ignited, the temperature in the coal layer rises. There are a number of different types of systems with a fixed fuel layer 220, including static grates, lower fuel furnaces, chain grates, movable grates and fuel atomization systems. Chain grate and movable grates have similar characteristics. Lumps of coal enter a movable or chain grate, while air is fed through the grate and through a layer of coal lying on it. In fuel atomization systems, for uniform distribution of fuel, a high-speed rotor grinds coal inside the furnace above a moving grate. Fuel chambers are usually characterized by a flame temperature lying between 1200-1300 ° C and a quiet long fuel retention time.

The fuel in the fixed-bed system 220 is relatively rough, but carbon emissions can stop monoxide, nitrous oxide (“NOx”) and volatiles during the combustion process. Chemical fuels and temperatures can vary mainly along the grate.

The emission of SO ₂ will depend on the sulfur content of the fuel coal. Residues of ash can have a high carbon content (4-5%), due to the relative inefficiency of the fuel, as well as the limited access of oxygen to the carbon contained in coal. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in systems with a fixed layer 220. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here may be more suitable for its use as fuel in a system with a fixed layer of coal 220.

In implementations of the invention, pulverized coal fuel (“PCC”) 222 can be used as fuel 200 used to generate electricity 204. As indicated in FIG. 2, PCC 222 can be used together with treated coal in accordance with the methods and devices described herein. For RCC, coal can be pulverized (pulverized) into a fine powder. To obtain fuel, atomized coal is blown with part of the air inside the boiler through a series of fuel injectors. Air may also be added a second time or a third time. Working nodes are closed by atmospheric pressure. The operating temperature of the fuel lies between 1300-1700 ° C and depends on the category of coal. For bituminous coal, the fuel temperature is in the range of 1500-1700 ° C. For the low category of coal, the temperature order is 1300-1600 ° C. The particle size of the coal used in the spraying procedure is about 10-100 microns. The particle retention time is usually 1-5 seconds and the particle sizes must be such that they completely burn out during this time. The steam generated by this procedure can be dried by a steam generator and a turbine to generate electricity 204. The atomized coal fuel of the combustion chamber 222 can be used together with a wall flame or a tangential component of combustion. The results of near-wall combustion rise along the walls of the combustion chamber, while the tangential components of combustion rise in the corner, together with the flame toward the center of the boiler, thus forming a swirling movement of gases during combustion, as a result of which air and fuel mix more efficiently . Boilers can end with either a wet bottom or a dry bottom, depending on the ash deposited on the bottom in the form of molten slag or a dry solid component. Mostly PCC 222 produces a shallow, thin layer of ash. Typically, RCC 222 can produce 65% -85% of fine ash with the remainder of the ash in the form of coarse fractions (on the dry bottom of the boiler) or boiler slag (wet bottom of the boiler).

In implementations of the invention, RCC 222 boilers use anthracite coal as fuel, which can be used in lower fuel supply designs, where the coal-air mixture is sent down to the cone serving as the base of the boiler. This design leads to a long retention time, which guarantees a more complete combustion of carbon. In another design, a combustion cell is provided that promotes the formation of two or three circular combustion procedures, combined inside a simple, vertical installation that produces a compact intense flame. The high flame temperatures resulting from this combustion may be due to the formation of larger amounts of NO _x, but in spite of this, the use of such construction is less preferred.

In implementations of the invention, a boiler fuel cyclone can be used for coal with a low melting point of ash, which would be difficult to use with PCC 222. The cyclone of the furnace has combustion chambers mounted away from the wedge-shaped holder of the boiler. The first air stream transfers fuel in the form of small particles of coal into the fuel chamber, while the second air stream tangentially pumps air into the cyclone, creating a solid funnel through which large particles of coal penetrate the walls of the fuel chamber. The third air stream enters directly into the central cyclone funnel to control the central vacuum and the location of the fuel inside the furnace. Large particles of coal are captured in the hot layer, which covers the inner surface of the cyclone, and then recycled for more complete combustion. Small particles for combustion pass into the center of the funnel. Such a system promotes intense heat generation inside the fuel combustion chamber and, thus, coal burns at extremely high temperatures. Fuel gases, residues of carbonized substances and fine ash pass into the combustion chamber of the boiler for more complete combustion of fuel. Hot ash falls due to its weight to the bottom of the chamber for subsequent removal.

In a boiler cyclone, 80-90% of the ash remains at the bottom of the boiler in the form of hot slag, and a smaller part of the fine ash is removed after passing through the hot sections of the boiler. Such boilers operate at high temperatures (from 1650 to 2000 ° C), and use low atmospheric pressure. High temperature resulting from the formation of large amounts of NOx_,It is a great inconvenience to using this type of boiler. Boiler combustion cyclone can use coal with some basic characteristics: volatiles should be more than 15% (dry basis), ash content should be within 6-25% for bituminous coal, or 4-25% for sub bituminous coal, and humidity should be less than 20 % for bituminous coal and 30% for sub-bituminous coal. Ash should have special characteristics of slag viscosity; ash slag, forming during the process, especially has a great effect on the operation of this type of boilers. In a boiler of this type, fuel with high humidity can burn, but a design change is required.

It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in the RCC 222 system. From this it follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here may be more suitable for its use as fuel in the RCC 222 system.

PCC can be used in combination with subcritical and supercritical vaporization cycles. The supercritical vaporization cycle is one that occurs in the vicinity of the critical temperature (374 ° F) and critical pressure (22.1 MPa), where the gaseous and liquid phases of water cease to exist. Subcritical systems typically achieve a thermal efficiency of 33-34%. Supercritical systems can achieve efficiencies 3-5 percent higher than the subcritical system.

It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that the thermal coefficient of coal fuel 200 leads to a low cost of produced electricity 204, since low-grade fuel is required. The increased thermal efficiency of combustible coal is also reduced when using other components emitted during fuel combustion, such as SO ₂ and NO _x In other words, small combustion plants using low-grade coal as a combustible substance can have a thermal efficiency of at least 30% . For larger plants with subcritical boiler systems in which the combustion of high-quality coal occurs, the thermal efficiency can be 35-36%. The thermal efficiency in plants using subcritical vaporization systems can reach 43-45%. The maximum achieved with low coal grades and a low grade of coal can be lower than that achieved with a high grade of coal and a high grade of coal. For example, the maximum value of the efficiency expected in a new brown coal burning plant (available, for example, in Europe) can be about 42%, while the equivalent of a plant working on new bituminous coal can reach about 45% the maximum heat coefficient useful action. Systems of supercritical vaporization plants using bituminous coal and other optimal structural materials can produce a net thermal efficiency of 45-47%. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be advantageously designed to optimize thermal efficiencies.

In implementations of the invention, a fluidized bed of fuel (“FBC”) system 224 can be used together with coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein. The FBC 224 system operates on the principle of boiling coal, that is, a condition under which solid components become free-floating, like a fluid medium. As the gas passes upward through the bed of solid particles, the gas stream produces forces that tend to separate the particles from one another. In FBC 224, coal burns in a hot, non-flammable layer because coal particles are suspended by an upward flow of fluidized gas. The coal in the FBC 224 system can be mixed with a sorbent such as limestone, and the mixed components can be fluidized during the combustion process, which leads to complete combustion of the fuel and the removal of sulfur gases. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in the FBC 224. It follows from this that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here can be especially designed for use as fuel in the FBC 224 system. An example implementation of the FBC 224 systems is described in more detail below.

For power generation 204, systems 224 are used primarily with subcritical steam turbines. FBC 224 systems may be boiling or circulating. The FBC 224 pressurized systems, presented in the early stages of development, used mainly fluidized beds and could produce electricity in a combined cycle along with gas and a steam turbine. As for coarse particles of coal, they can be used with a size of approximately equal to 3 mm FBC 224 at atmospheric pressure can be used with a high content of coal ash and / or with coal with variable characteristics. Fuel is loaded at a temperature between 800-900 ° C, mostly below the threshold for the formation of NO _x because these systems operate at low NO _x discharge, as compared with the PCC 222 systems.

Fluidized beds have a low fluidizing speed, therefore, they are held in the layer at a depth of approximately equal to 1 mm with an identifiable surface. As soon as the coal particles cease to burn and become small, they are ultimately thrown away with the coal gases at a remote distance, just like fly ash. The circulation layers use the highest fluidizing speed, since these coal particles are suspended in a gas chimney and pass through the main fuel chamber into the cyclone. Large particles are extracted from the gases and again looped inside the combustion chamber. Individual particles can cycle between 10-50 periods, depending on their fuel characteristics. Fuel conditions are relatively uniform throughout the combustion chamber and there are a large number of mixed particles in it. Even despite the fact that particles of hard coal are distributed throughout the installation, the density of the layer in the lower part of the furnace requires mixing of the fuel during combustion. For the tar coal burning layer, the carbon content in the layer is approximately 1% along with the residue forming ash and other minerals.

FBC 224 circulation systems can be designed for a particular type of coal. In implementations of the invention, these systems are particularly applicable to low-grade coal, with a high ash content, which are difficult to completely disperse and which may have variable fuel characteristics. In implementations of the invention, such systems are also used to burn coal together with other fuels, such as biomass or industrial waste in combination with fuel system 228. Once built, the FBC 224 can operate at a higher efficiency with the fuel for which it was intended. Various applications are possible. The thermal efficiency for the FBC 224 circulating system is usually, to some extent, less than for equivalent PCC systems. When using low-grade coal with variable characteristics, the low thermal efficiency can be even lower.

Installation FBC 224 in a sealed system can be used to work with low-grade coal and, as a result, with variable fuel characteristics. In a sealed system, the fuel chamber and all cyclone gases, together with coal and the introduced sorbent, are placed under pressure in a container, ash is discharged through the pressure boundary and through the pressure boundary inside the system. When the coal plant is working, coal and limestone can be mixed inside the system along with 25% water, like paste. The system can operate under a pressure of 1-1.5 MPa, with a fuel temperature in the range between 800-900 ° C. Fuel heats the steam like an appropriate boiler, and can also produce hot gas to control a gas turbine. Sealed plants are designed to have a thermal efficiency of at least 40%, with lower emissions. Future sealed power generation systems can be improved so that they can have a thermal efficiency of more than 50%.

As shown in FIG. 2, coal fuel 200 can be used in metallurgy 208, such as iron and steel smelting. In some implementations of the invention, bituminous coal with some properties can be used for smelting without preliminary preparations. By way of example, coal having a quality such as melting, in combination with other factors including high fixed carbon content, low ash content (<5%), low sulfur content, and low calcite (CaCO ₃ ) can be used in metallurgy 208. Coal having the qualities necessary for use in metallurgy 208 may cost 15-50% more than the cost of coal used to generate electricity 204. It will be understood at the level of a skilled artisan that giving coal special properties properties, contributes to its predominant use in the metallurgical system 208. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here may be more suitable for its use as fuel in the metallurgical system 208.

With reference to FIG. 2, coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be used in a conversion unit 210. As shown in FIG. 2, a coal conversion unit 210 can convert complex coal hydrocarbon into other products used, for example, in gasification systems 230, production of synthetic gas and conversion 234, production of coke and pure carbon 238 and production of hydrocarbon 240. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that giving coal special The property contributes to its predominant use in the coal conversion system 210. It follows from this that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here may be more suitable for its use as fuel in the coal conversion installation 210.

In implementations of the invention, coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be used for gasification 230. Gasification 230 involves the conversion of coal into fuel gas, volatile substances, carbonized substances and residual minerals (ash / slag). The gasification system 230 converts hydrocarbon fuels, such as coal, into gas components by applying heating under pressure, usually in the presence of steam. The device that provides this process is called a gasifier. Gasification 230 differs from fuel combustion because it takes place with limited access of air or active oxygen. Thus, only a small part of the fuel burns out completely. The fuel that burns contributes to the generation of heat for the rest of the gasification process 230.

During gasification 230, most of the feedstock carbon (such as coal) reacts chemically with many other substances, forming the aggregate “synthetic gas”. Synthetic gas is, first of all, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other gaseous components. The components of the synthesis gas are variable, however, they are based on the power used by the installation and the gasification conditions used. Mineral residues in raw materials for industry are not gasified like carbon materials, so they can be separated and removed. Contaminated sulfur in coal can form sulfuric hydrogen, from which sulfur or sulfuric oxide can be obtained. Since gasification takes place under reduced conditions, NO _x usually does not form, and ammonia forms instead. If oxygen is used instead of air during gasification 230, then carbon dioxide is produced in the concentration of the gas stream, which can be isolated, or to which preventive measures can be taken so as not to pollute the atmosphere.

Gasification 230 may be able to use coal, which may differ from that used in fuel plants 200, i.e. coal with a high sulfur content or high ash content. The ash, typical of coal used in gasification, is detrimental to the process's efficiency because they both cause damage by contributing to the formation of slag and making it difficult to place solid fuel inside a synthetic gas cooling system or heat exchange unit. At low temperatures, such as those formed in fixed beds and gasified fluidized beds, resin formation can cause problems. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in a gasification unit 230. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here may be more suitable for its use as fuel in a gasification unit 230.

Three types of gasification systems may be available in implementations of the invention: fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, and portable flow. Fixed-bed plants, as an exception, used to generate electricity, use lump coal. In a fluidized bed, the size of the coal used is 3-6 mm. Transport units use atomized coal. Portable flow units operate at a higher temperature (about 1600 ° C) than fluidized bed units (about 900 ° C). In implementations of the invention, gasifiers may operate at atmospheric pressure, or may be sealed. When sealing gasification, coal feed can be introduced through barrier pressure. To accommodate coal, a large-sized and expensive lockable hopper system can be used, or coal can be used as a water-based slurry. Then, the by-product streams are depressurized to remove them through the barrier pressure. To produce synthetic gas, heat exchange and gas treatment plants are also internally sealed.

Although it is understood that gasification plants 230 cannot use combustion, nevertheless, in some implementations of the invention, plants 230 can be used to generate electricity. For example, a gasification unit 230, in which electricity is generated, may use the full combined cycle of a gasification system 232 (“IGCC”). In the IGCC 232 system, the synthetic gas produced during gasification can be cleaned of contaminants (sulfur hydrogen, ammonia, bulk solids, and the like) and can burn to control a gas turbine. In the IGCC 232 system, the release of gases from the gasification unit can also be in the form of heat exchange with water to generate superheated steam that controls the steam turbine. Since the IGCC 232 system uses a combination of two turbines (fuel gas turbine and steam turbine), this system is called a “combined cycle”. Typically, most of the power (60-70%) in this system comes from a gas turbine. The IGCC 232 system produces electricity with a higher energy conversion rate than coal fuel systems. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in the IGCC 232. It follows from this that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here may be more suitable for its use in the installation of IGCC 232.

In implementations of the invention, coal processed in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be used to produce synthetic gas 234, or to convert it into various other products. For example, components such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be used to produce a wide range of liquid or gaseous fuels, or chemicals using conventional procedures practiced in such a process. Another example is the hydrogen produced during gasification, which can be used as fuel for fuel cells, or potentially for hydrogen turbines, or hybrid fuel systems including fuel cells and hydrogen turbines. Hydrogen, which is separated from the gas stream, can also be used as raw material for the refining industry, which uses hydrogen to produce more refined petroleum products.

Synthetic gas 234 can also be converted into various hydrocarbons, which can be used as fuel or for further processing. Synthetic gas 234 may be condensed into light hydrocarbons used, for example, in Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Light hydrocarbons can then be converted to gasoline or diesel. Synthetic gas 234 can also be converted to methanol, which can be used as fuel or fuel additive, or serve as the basis for the production of gasoline. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in the production of synthetic gas or a conversion unit 234. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here can be more Designed for its use in the production of synthetic gas or a conversion unit 234.

In implementations of the invention, coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be converted to coke and purified carbon. Coke 238 is a solid carbon residue obtained from coal, from which volatile components are removed by sintering them in a furnace at a high temperature (higher than 1000 ° C). At this temperature, fixed carbon and residual ash melt together. Bituminous coal with a low content of ash and sulfur is usually the industrial raw material for the formation of coke. Coke can be used as fuel during, for example, iron smelting in blast furnaces. During such processes, coke can also be used as a reducing additive. When converting coal to coke, by-products such as coal tar, ammonia, light oils and coal gas can also occur. Since the volatile components of coal are removed in the production of coke 238, it is desirable that coke is used as fuel in furnaces in which the combustion conditions are different from the combustion conditions of the coal itself. For example, coke as smokeless, or emits a small amount of smoke fuel, can burn under conditions that when using bituminous coal can cause a large amount of emissions.

It is desirable that coal meet certain stringent criteria, which include moisture content, ash content, sulfur content, volatiles, tar and ductility before it can be used as coking coal. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in coke production unit 238. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein may be more suitable for use in the production of coke 238.

In implementations of the invention, pure amorphous carbon can be obtained by heating coal to a temperature of approximately 650-980 ° C with limited access to ambient air, as a result of which complete combustion of the fuel is impossible. Amorphous carbon 238, it is graphite, a form of allotropic carbon composed of microscopic carbon crystals. Thus, the resulting amorphous carbon 238 is widely used in industry. For example, graphite can be used in electrochemical components, activated carbons are used to purify water and air, and black carbon can be used to strengthen car tires. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in refined carbon production unit 238. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein may be more suitable for use in the production of purified carbon 238.

In implementations of the invention, the main coke production process 238 can be used to produce hydrocarbon 240 containing mixed gas, which can be used as fuel (“urban gas”). Urban gas may contain, for example, about 51% hydrogen, 15% carbon monoxide, 21% methane, 10% carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and about 3% other alkanes. Other processes are used to produce methane, such as the Lurge process and Sabatier synthesis, which allow the use of low-quality coal.

In implementations of the invention, coal processed in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be converted to hydrocarbon products. For example, liquefaction converts coal into products of 240 carbon liquids that can be used as fuel. The process of liquefying coal can be direct or indirect. Any process that converts coal to hydrocarbon fuel 240 can add hydrogen to the hydrocarbon contained in the coal. There are four ways to liquefy: (1) pyrolysis and hydrocarbonization, where coal is heated in the absence of air or in the presence of hydrogen; (2) solvent recovery, where coal hydrocarbons are selectively removed from the coal mass and hydrogen is added; (3) liquefaction catalysis, where the catalyst hydrogenates coal carbon; and (4) indirect liquefaction, where monoxide and hydrogen carbon are combined in the presence of a catalyst. As an example, the Fischer-Tropsch processes are a catalysis of a chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into various forms of liquid hydrocarbons 240. Synthetic oil, which is used as a substitute for oils or fuels, can be classified as substances resulting from this process.

In another example, a low carbonization temperature can be used to produce liquid hydrocarbons 240 from coal. In this process, the coking of coal 238 occurs at a temperature between 450 and 700 ° C (compare with a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C for metallurgical coke). These temperatures optimize the production of coal tar, richer in light hydrocarbons 240 than conventional coal tar. Then the coal tar will be converted to fuel.

It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use in the formation of 240 hydrocarbon products. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein may be more suitable for use in the production of hydrocarbons 240.

With reference to FIG. 2, coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be used in the installation of by-products 210. As shown in FIG. 2, the installation of coal by-products 210 can convert coal to coal fuel by-products 242 and by-products of coal discilization 244.

In the implementations of the invention, various coal by-products 242 can be obtained. By way of example, coal by-products 242 may include hydrocarbons, ash, sulfur, carbon dioxide, water, or the like. Subsequent processing of these by-products can be brought to an end with economic benefits. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use for the production of cost-effective by-products of fuel. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein may be more suitable for its use in the manufacture of useful by-fuel products.

As an example, volatile matter of a by-product 242 of coal fuel is given. Volatile substances are such products, with the exception of moisture, which during heating can pass into gas or steam. For coal, the percentage of volatile substances is determined by first heating to a temperature of 105 ° C, at which moisture is removed, then heating the coal to 950 ° C and measuring the residual weight. Volatile substances may include mixed short and long chains of hydrocarbons plus other gases, including sulfur. The volatile substance, therefore, may consist of mixed gases, organic compounds having a low boiling point, which condense when cooled to oils and resins. The volatiles content in coal increases with decreasing grade of coal. In addition, coals with a high content of volatile substances have a high reactivity during combustion and are highly flammable.

As another example, coal ash is a by-product of 242 fuel coal. Coal ash consists of fly ash (waste derived from chimneys) and ash residue (from boiler and fuel chambers). Coarse particles (ash residue and / or boiler slag) deposited at the bottom of the combustion chamber and fine fractions (fly ash) pass through the chimney, are recovered and reused. The concentration of coal ash can contain many traces of elements and heavy metals, including Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn. Thus obtained ash after burning coal can be used as an additive to cement products, as a substitute for soil, when it is excavated in civil engineering projects, as high-quality soil, and as a component of other products, including paints, plastics, coatings and adhesives.

As another example, sulfur is a by-product of 242 coal fuel. Sulfur in coal can be released during combustion as sulfur oxide, or can be obtained in coal ash by reaction with basic oxides contained in mineral impurities (a process known as self-preservation of sulfur). The most important base oxide for self-preservation of sulfur is CaO, formed as a result of decomposition of CaCO3 and combustion of calcium containing organic groups. Coal burning consists of two successive steps: the removal of volatile substances and the combustion of carbonized fuel. During the removal of volatiles, the combustion of sulfur is converted to SO2. During the combustion of carbonized fuel, the process of formation of SO2, sulfitation and decomposition of CaSO4 simultaneously occur.

In the implementations of the invention, various products of coal 244 can be obtained. The destructive components of coal 244 are coal tar and coal gas in addition to metallurgical coke. The applications of metallurgical coke and coal gas have been discussed previously as coal conversion products. Coal tar, the third by-product, has numerous commercial uses. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its predominant use for the production of cost-effective secondary disciplines 244. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here may be more suitable for it use in the production of beneficial by-products of discilization 244.

Coal tar may be used as a by-product of coal 244 dialysis. Coal tar is a mixed compound of hydrocarbon substances. Most of these volatile components with the smell of hydrocarbons of various compositions are obtained from the simplest volatile substances (gasoline) and are converted into non-volatile substances with a complex structure and high molecular weight. Hydrocarbons in coal tar are widely represented by a gasoline base, naphthalene base, or anthracene base, or phenanthrene. There may be a varying amount of aliphatic hydrocarbons, paraffins or olefins. In addition, coal tar contains a small amount of simple phenols, such as carbon axide and coumaron. Sulfur components and nitrogen-containing organic compounds can also be found. Most of the nitrogen substances in coal tar are based on the properties and suitability of the pyridine and quinoline family, for example, aniline.

In implementations of the invention, coal tar can subsequently be used for fractional disciliation to produce useful organic compounds, including gasoline, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene. Such substances may be called raw coal tar. They provide the basis for synthesizing quantities of foods such as dyes, medicines, seasonings, perfumes, synthetic rubber, paints, condoms, and explosives. After fractional distillation of the raw coal tar, the tar residues are removed. Such a substance can be used for the manufacture of roofs, paving streets, as insulating and waterproof materials.

In implementations of the invention, coal tar can also be used in its original state without fractional disciliation applied to it. For example, before it can be used, the resin can be heated to some extent to remove volatiles from it. Coal tar in its initial state can be used as a paint, as a weather-resistant material, or as a protective coating against corrosion. Coal tar can also be used as roofing material. Coal tar can burn as fuel, although harmful gases are released. When burning coal tar, a large amount of soot is formed, called tube soot. If soot is collected, it can be used to produce carbon for the electrochemical industry, in printers, dyes, etc.

With reference to FIG. 2, coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be transported to a shipment unit 214 or a storage unit 218. It will be understood at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal contributes to its safe and efficient transportation and warehousing. It follows from this that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can advantageously be designed to simplify its shipment and storage.

In implementations of the invention, coal can be transported from its place of production to the place of use. Coal can be transported in the shipping unit 214. Before it can be transported, the coal can be cleaned, sorted and / or crushed to the desired size. In some cases, power generation plants can be placed on the side, or inside the coal mine for the installation. For these plants, coal can be fed by conveyors or similar means. However, in most cases, power generation plants, or other plants using coal, are located at some distance. The main way to transport coal from mines to remote plants is by rail. Barges and other craft may also be used. Trucking of highways is feasible, but it can be cost-inefficient, especially over distances of more than fifty miles. Powdered coal in coal slurry suspended in water is transported by pipelines. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal facilitates the transportation of coal in a loading installation 214. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described herein can be especially designed to facilitate its transportation.

In implementations of the invention, the coal can be stored in storage facilities at one or another place where it will be used, or at a remote location from which it can be moved to the place of operation. In implementations of the invention, such as coal fuel plants 200, and other coal utilization plants, coal can be stored in place. As an example, for power generation plants 204, coal should be stored at 10% or more of the annual demand. However, excessive amounts of stored coal can lead to difficulties associated with spontaneous spontaneous combustion, loss of volatile materials, and loss of calorific value. Anthracite coal can be less risky than other grades of coal. Anthracite, for example, cannot be the subject of spontaneous combustion, and therefore can be stored in unlimited quantities for coal batteries. In contrast, bituminous coal can spontaneously ignite if it is placed in sufficiently large batteries and can be sufficiently disintegrated.

In stored coal, two types of changes are possible. Inorganic materials, such as pyrites, can be oxidized and organic materials in the coal itself can be oxidized. When inorganic materials are oxidized, the volume and / or weight of the coal may increase, and the coal may disintegrate. If the coal substance itself is oxidized, the changes cannot be evaluated immediately. The oxidation of organic material in coal includes the oxidation of carbon and hydrogen, the absorption of oxygen by unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, and leads to changes that can cause a loss in the calorific value of coal. The same changes can cause spontaneous combustion. It will be possible to understand at the level of a skilled artisan that imparting special properties to coal minimizes the destructive changes that can occur in stored coal and in storage unit 218. It follows that coal treated in accordance with the methods and devices described here can mainly be designed to maintain its characteristics in the storage installation 218.

A more detailed description is now provided that is provided for the individual components of a solid fuel processing plant, such as input, output, and related methods and systems.

Coal is formed from a substance of plant origin, which decomposes without access of air under the influence of humidity, high pressure and high temperature. There are two stages of coal formation. The first stage is biological, when cellulose turns into peat. The second stage is physicochemical, when peat turns into coal. The geological processes that form coal are called coalification. As coalification progresses, the chemical formation of coal gradually changes components with a higher carbon content and lower hydrogen content that can be found in aromatic ring structures.

The type of coal or brand of coal indicates the level of coalification achieved. Coal grades ranked from highest to lowest include anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and brown coal / lignite. With increasing levels of coalification, the percentage of volatiles decreases and the calorific value increases. Thus, high-grade coals contain less volatiles and have greater calorific value. Usually also, with an increase in grade, coal contains less moisture, less oxygen and more fixed carbon, more sulfur and more ash. The term “brand” distinguishes two types of coal in terms of ash and sulfur content.

All coals contain minerals. These minerals are inorganic substances found in coal. An educated mineral that is integrated directly into coal is called an included mineral. An formed mineral that is isolated from the matrix structure of coal is called an excluded mineral. The excluded mineral may be distributed among the coal particles, or may accidentally be present in the coal, because the mine installations use liquid from neighboring mineral layers to fill. Inorganic material in coal brings ash as a result of its burning or transformation.

Unbound carbon in coal is called fixed carbon. A certain amount of total carbon combines with hydrogen, so this compound burns like a hydrocarbon. It is with other gases that form when coal is heated that a volatile substance forms in coal. Fixed carbon and volatiles form fuel. Oxygen and nitrogen contained in volatile substances are an integral part of the fuel, which is understood as the amount of coal free from moisture and ash. In addition to fuel, coal contains moisture and various minerals that form ash. Ash contained in US coal can vary from about 3% to 30%. Humidity can vary from 0.75 to 45% of the total weight of coal.

A large amount of ash in coal is undesirable because it reduces the calorific value of coal, and because it interacts with the fuel, clogging the air passing into the furnace. If coal also has a high sulfur content, then it can combine with ash, forming fusible slag, which subsequently interferes with efficient combustion in the furnace. Moisture in coal can cause difficulties during combustion because it absorbs heat when it turns into steam, thereby reducing the temperature of the furnace.

Despite the technologies discussed here that are used to illustrate proposals for the use of coal in one fuel installation, it is understood that they can be applied in combination to other plants using coal, for example, biomass or industrial waste using methods similar to those generally accepted for this kind of technology.

Two main methods of coal mining are possible here 102, surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining methods may include a production area, a production circuit, and an open pit mine.

The area of the coal mine may be covered with a non-carbon material called the overburden, the overburden may be removed before the start of coal mining. The surface of the development of the deposit can be found on a flat territory, the contour of the deposit can correspond to the seam along elevations or mountains, and the development of the deposit can be opened when the coal seam is thick-layer, with a cut of a hundred feet. Equipment used in surface mines may include drag shovels, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, bucket wheel excavators and trolleys.

When extracting coal from underground coal mines 102, there are three main methods: chamber-pillar, long faces, standard blasting. The chamber-and-pillar method consists in continuous breaking of coal with a cutting machine and shuttle delivery of coal to a conveyor installation for its removal. After a certain distance, ceiling ceilings are installed and the process repeats. In long mine faces, cutting machines move through long continuous faces of coal, which is shipped to a conveyor unit. Overlappings can be made of steel beams, which are part of the long partitions of the cutting machines. When using the standard blasting method and exporting mined coal, using blasting machines, it is possible to undermine the coal and then export it using standard equipment (for example, a conveyor unit, rails, tractor).

Coal mine 102 may comprise more than one coal seam, which may be in the form of a continuous line of coal. Coal mine 102 may comprise a variety of different type coal with known characteristics 110 within a coal mine and / or coal seam. Certain types of coal may contain peat, brown coal, lignite, bituminous coal, bituminous coal or anthracite coal. Coal mine 102 may verify the characteristics of 110 coal inside the mine and / or formation. Validated characteristics 110 may be selective, periodic, continuous, or the like. To determine the characteristics of coal 110, a coal mine can test the coal at a remote distance, or it is possible to send coal samples to an external verification facility. Field development work can track a mine to classify the types of coal it contains to determine where and what type of coal is in the mine. Various types of coal may have a standard classification 110 for moisture, minerals, and materials such as sulfur, ash, metals, and the like. The percentage of moisture and other materials inside the type of coal can affect the combustion characteristics and calorific value of coal (BTU / lb). The coal mine operator 102 may select a coal mine from the list to maintain a coal type structure for delivery to the consumer, i.e., a mine in which the type of coal is best matched to the market in order to supply the coal with the highest demand to the market or consumers. In implementations of the invention, coal with less moisture, such as bituminous coal and anthracite, can provide better combustion and calorific value.

In an embodiment of the invention, coal field development plants 102 may include dimensional coal storage units 104 and shipment units 108 for transporting mined coal.

A dimensional coal plant can be used to convert raw mined coal into coal of a specific shape and size. The size of the coal can be set by the installation located on the surface of the mine by spraying, crushing, using ball mills, just mills, or the like. Coal can be delivered to conveyor coal plants that determine its size from mines using trolleys or similar mechanisms. Specifying the size of the coal can be a continuous process of consuming coal, or the batch process of producing a given size of coal can be used.

Warehouse 104 may be used to temporarily store raw coal or coal with predetermined dimensions before it is shipped to the consumer. The storage facility 104 may further comprise a sorting facility where raw coal, or reassorted coal with predetermined dimensions, can subsequently be classified by coal size. Installation of storage 104 may be implemented in the form of buildings, canopies, car trips, open spaces, or the like.

Installation of storage 104 may be associated with the installation of shipment 108, which determines the method of transportation of coal. A shipment unit 108 may use rails, trolleys, or similar mechanisms to deliver coal from a coal mine to consumers. The loading device 108 may use conveyor belts 300, trolleys, loaders, or similar mechanisms, individually one or the other, or in combination to deliver coal in accordance with its transportation method. Depending on the volume of coal in the mine, the loading unit 108 may be a continuous working loader or may ship coal in a start-stop mode upon request.

Coal storage installation 112 can be an intermediary for the least remote source of coal and can purchase, store and carry out intermediate operations with various types of coal for various consumers. As a source of coal storage, there may be a plant 112, a coal mine 102, or other coal storage plants. The coal storage unit 112 can receive and store many types of coal from a variety of local coal sources from which it is exported. In an embodiment of the invention, storage facility 112 may store coal in accordance with its type. Types of coal may include, but are not limited to, peat, brown coal, lignite, bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite coal. A coal storage installation may include a storage installation 114, a loading installation 118, or other installations for processing, sorting, storing, and shipping coal. In an embodiment of the invention, a coal storage unit 112 may sell coal or speculate with coal removed from local coal mines for resale.

Storage facility 112 may receive coal from local sources of coal; type of coal and characteristics 110 may be provided by the source of coal. Coal storage unit 112 can also improve additional coal by testing either of the two proven characteristics obtained or subsequently classifying coal; Coal storage plant 112 can store sub-coal types for various coal consumers. The types of subcoal can subsequently be classified by grade of coal according to the characteristics of coal 110. Storage facility 112 may have a coal testing facility in place, or may use standard coal tested in a laboratory.

Storage facility 114 can be used to store coal from remotely located sources of coal before coal is shipped to the consumer. The storage unit 114 may further comprise a sorting unit, where the coal can subsequently be classified by the size of the coal and its characteristics 110. The optional sorting unit may also specify the size of the coal by spraying, crushing, using ball mills, just mills, or the like. . Installation of warehousing 114 can be implemented in the form of buildings, canopies, car trails, open spaces, or the like.

The installation of storage 114 may be associated with the installation of shipment 118, which determines the method of transportation of coal. Shipment unit 118 may use railways, trucks, or similar mechanisms to deliver coal from storage unit 114 to coal consumers. Shipment device 118 may use conveyor belts 300, trucks, loaders, or similar mechanisms, individually one or the other, or in combination to deliver coal in accordance with its transportation method. Depending on the installation of storage 112, the installation of shipment 118 may be a continuous working loader or may ship coal in start-stop mode on request.

To classify coal data 110, coal sample data 120 may be a memory cell. The data of the coal sample 120 can be represented as a database, a relational database, a table, a test file, an XML file, an RSS format, a uniform file, or a similar presentation of information that can store the characteristics of 110 coal. Data may be stored on a computer device, which may include a server, a web server, a desktop computer, a small computer, a laptop computer, PDA, flash memory, or the like. If the characteristics of the coal are supplied on a readable printed sheet of paper, then these characteristics can be entered into the format of the corresponding sample data on a computer device. In an embodiment of the invention, characteristics data of coal 110 obtained from coal mine 102, or from storage unit 112, can be sent by email, FTP, Internet connection, WAN, LAN, P2P or the like. The data of the coal sample 120 can be validated at the coal mine 102, at the storage facility 112, at the reception facility and the like. Coal sample data 120 may be accessible via a network, which may include the Internet.

Coal sample data 120 may include the name of the coal mine sent, the name of the storage facility, the end user of the coal, the required properties of the coal, possibly the final data, the characteristics of the coal (e.g. moisture), the coal test used, the date of the coal test, checking how dry the coal is received , electromagnetic absorption / reflection, test installation verification, test verification date, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be at least one coal characterization test data and test data for a coal sample.

In an embodiment of the invention, the stored data of a coal sample 120 can be obtained by a standard laboratory such as Standard Laboratories of South Charleston? West Virginia, USA. A standard laboratory may provide characteristics that may include percent moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury, ash melting point, mineral analysis ash, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, a standard laboratory can test coal, both obtained and dried. In the implementation of the invention, testing obtained may be in the form of raw coal obtained without any processing. In the implementation of the invention, the testing of dried coal may be subject to coal after removing residual moisture from it. A standard laboratory can classify coal according to standards such as ASTM Standards D388 (Coal Grade Classification), ASTM Standards D 2013 (Preparation Method for Coal Samples for Analysis), ASTM Standards D 3180 (Practical Standard for Coal Calculation, Coke Analysis Based on Specific Data) in various databases), US Geological Survey Bulletin 1823 (Methods for the selection and inorganic analysis of coal) and the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, there may be at least one data record stored in the coal sample data for each shipped coal batch. There may be more than one data record if coal was subject to random or periodic inspection during field development, coal storage or loading process. In the implementation of the invention, each test performed during loading of coal may have the characteristics of coal stored in the data of the sample of coal 120. Test characteristics of coal can be improved in the requirements for the coal mine 102, the installation of storage 112, installation receiving and the like.

The required charcoal characteristics 122 may be a database of the combustion characteristics of the treated coal required by some work plants. The desired charcoal characteristics 122 may be a database, a relational database, tables, a text file, an XML file, an RSS file, a uniform file, or similar formats that can store the required charcoal characteristics for a plant using special coal. The desired charcoal characteristics 122 data may be stored on a computer device, which may include a server, a web server, a desktop computer, a small computer, a laptop computer, PDA, flash memory, or the like.

In carrying out the invention, there may be at least one data of the required characteristics of coal 122 for a plant using special coal. Here, there may be coal with the required characteristics data 122 for each type of coal obtained or stored by the solid fuel processing unit 132. In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can receive or store many types of coal, which may include peat, brown coal, lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite coal. Each type of coal may differ from the required characteristics 122 for a coal working installation, and the required characteristics of coal 122 can be based on the ability to change the received or stored characteristics of coal 110. In implementations of the invention, the obtained or stored characteristics of coal can be stored in coal sample data 120 .

The required characteristics of coal 122 can be based on the possibility of the parameters of the solid fuel processing installation systems 132, such as a heat capacity determination system, a coal size determination system, a process type determination system in a chamber, a conveyor system for setting the size, a conveyor system for a floating coal grade, electromagnetic frequency, level electromagnetic power, the duration of electromagnetic power, the depth of penetration of power into coal and the like. These typical values and parameters may vary depending on the input characteristics of the coal. In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may know which type of coal can be mined by the coal utilization unit, and which parameters can be selected from coal with the required characteristics 122 for producing processed coal intended for the coal utilization unit.

In an embodiment of the invention, a coal utilization plant may require certain operating parameters, such as BTU / lb, percentage of sulfur, ash, metals, and the like, to provide a coefficient of performance, or environmental requirements. The required charcoal characteristics 122 can be based on these parameters; managing these parameters can guarantee the installation of coal use burning coal with the required emissions.

In the implementation of the invention, the required characteristics of coal 122 can serve as an indicator of the special qualities of fuel coal, such as BTU / lb, humidity, sulfur, ash and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the special qualities of combustible coal can only be limited by processing plants capable of measuring the characteristics of the treated coal. For example, if a solid fuel processing plant 132 is only capable of measuring moisture and sulfur emissions, then a special indicator of the quality of fuel coal may only contain moisture and sulfur indicators.

The solid fuel processing unit 132 (installation) can be used to change the type of coal by removing by-products from it, such as moisture, sulfur, water, hydrogen, hydroxides, and others that may be part of coal. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may use microwave energy and / or other methods to remove by-products from coal. The installation of processing solid fuel 132 may include many devices, modules, installations, computer devices and other equipment for loading unloading, moving, processing coal. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may be of a modular design, may be expandable, may be movable, fixed, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation of processing solid fuel 132 may be a modular installation with devices, modules, installations, computer devices, and the like, designed to equip individual devices that can be connected to one another with predefined requirements or without predefined requirements.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation of processing solid fuel 132 can be an expandable modular design for two processes, continuous flow and single. For continuous flow, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may clean the inlet chambers, the treatment chambers, the outlet chambers, and other chambers in order to provide the required volume for a private installation. For example, a power generation plant may require a greater amount of processed coal than a metallurgical plant, and for this a solid fuel processing plant 132 can be expanded to provide a process for determining the required amount of coal. The continuous stream of coal processing may include a chamber with a conveyor for moving coal through some processes. Chambers and conveyor systems can also be expanded to provide the required volume per unit time for installation.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation of solid fuel 132 can use a single processing process, and a single processing of the chamber, input raw materials, output products and the like can be expanded for the amount of coal that is required for processing. A single coal treatment may include a closed chamber, which can process a certain amount of coal in each cycle.

A solid fuel processing plant may be mobile, capable of moving among a plurality of plants or a plurality of sections within the plant. For example, a single enterprise may have many settings that may need coal processing and may have one solid fuel processing plant for coal processing. The solid fuel processing device 132 may allocate a certain amount of time in each facility of the plant to secure coal reserves before it is sent to the next plant facility. In another example, the storage unit 112 may have one solid fuel processing unit 132 that moves between a plurality of areas within the storage unit 112 to process a plurality of types of coal that can be stored in the storage unit 112. In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 is being moved , can also be made in the form of a modular design, which makes it easy to install the installation 132 on site.

The installation of processing solid fuel 132 can be performed in the form of a fixed structure, which is located in some specialized installation. In the implementation of the invention for a specialized installation may require the amount of processed coal, which was required for the installation of processing solid fuel 132 to produce a continuous stream of treated coal. For example, a power generation plant may require a volume of continuously supplied coal, which may be a requirement specified by a solid fuel processing plant 132.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation of processing solid fuel 132 can work with a specialized installation on-line or off-line. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may be on-line with a specialized unit for providing a continuous process for generating a stream of treated coal within the coal-using plant. For example, a power generation plant may have solid fuel processed by a plant 132 that delivers it to boilers for steam production. The solid fuel processing unit 132 may be offline with a coal processing unit with access to at least one storage location. For example, a power generation plant may have a solid fuel processing plant 132 provided with reserves of various types of coal that it processes. The treated coal can then only enter the conveyor belt 300 of the power generation system that needs it.

A solid fuel processing unit 132 may include a plurality of devices, modules, equipment, computer devices, and the like, such as a parameter generation unit 128, a fuel reception unit 128, a control unit 134, a gas generation unit 152, an anti-ignition unit 154, an export unit 158, a processing unit 160, container installation 162, conveyor installation 130, cooling installation 164, production distribution installation 168, and testing installation 170.

As a setting for generating parameters 128, a computer device such as a server, a web server, a desktop computer, a calculator, PDA, flash memory and others can be used. Installation 128 generating parameters 128 can generate and provide operating parameters for the installation of processing solid fuel 132 for processing obtained or stored coal. The generation parameters of the installation 128 can calculate and store operating parameters for the installation. In an embodiment of the invention, the generation parameter of unit 128 may use data from two plants, coal sample data 120 and required characteristics 122 to generate operating parameters. In an embodiment of the invention, coal sample data 120 and required characteristics information 122 can be accessed via LAN, WAN, R2R, CD, DVD, flash memory, or similar devices.

In an embodiment of the invention, coal to be treated by unit 132 can be identified by an operator of a solid fuel processing unit 132. In an embodiment of the invention, coal can be identified by type, number of one-time processes, number of tests, number of identifications, or the like. Parameter generation unit 128 may have access to coal test information stored in coal sample data 120 and required charcoal characteristics data 122 for coal identification. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generation unit may find received or stored coal test data from coal sample data 120. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generation unit 128 may find the desired characteristics of the processed coal from the desired characteristics of the coal 122. In the implementation of the invention, there may be at least one set of the required characteristics of the processed coal for each received or stored coal test data. In the event that there can be more than one set of valid data sets of such data for obtaining coal test data and the required coal characteristics, the parameter generation unit may use averaged data values, the most recent data values, the very first data values, statistical data value, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation of generating parameters, based on test information and the required characteristics of the treated coal, can determine the initial parameters to run the operating parameters for the installation. Operating parameters can be used to obtain a set of parameters of various devices and equipment of the solid fuel processing plant 132 to obtain the required characteristics of coal. Parameter generation installation 128 determines parameters that may include conveyor speed, coal volume over a period of time, microwave frequency, microwave power, coal surface temperature, main sensor readings, air flow levels, inert gas flow rate, incoming fuel grade, grade of fuel delivered, temperature pre-heating, pre-heating time, degree of cooling, and the like. In the implementation of the invention, all parameters that can be claimed by the installation for processing the desired coal can be determined by the installation of the generation parameter.

In an embodiment of the invention, microwave frequency parameters may have many settings, which may include one frequency, a phased frequency (i.e., switching from one frequency to another frequency), frequencies for multiple microwave devices, a continuous frequency, a pulsating frequency, a pulsating duty cycle frequency, and the like. .

In an embodiment of the invention, microwave power parameters can have many settings, which can include continuous power, pulsating power, phased power (for example, switching from one power to a second), power for multiple microwave devices and the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, depending on the type of coal and by-products that are removed from the coal, the surface temperature of the coal can be controlled. Parameter generation unit 128 can determine the surface temperature of the coal, which can be controlled during coal processing. In the implementation of the invention, different values of the surface temperature of the coal can be claimed at different times in the processing of coal to remove by-products. For example, one temperature may be necessary to remove moisture from coal, while a second temperature may be necessary to remove sulfur from coal. Therefore, the installation of generating parameters can determine many values of the surface temperature of the coal, the regulation of which should occur during the processing of coal. In the implementation of the invention, various parameters of the surface temperature of the coal can go to the installation of sensors, which can have a range of readable temperatures up to 250 ° C. In the implementation of the invention, the coal can be heated to a certain value of the internal temperature and the surface temperature, because the heating of the by-products occurs due to the microwave energy of the microwave system 148.

The coal receiving unit 124 may receive coal intended for the solid fuel processing unit 132 from the coal mine 102 or the storage unit 112, wherein the storage unit 112 may be located at the same location as the solid fuel processing unit 132, or the storage unit 112 can be deleted. The coal receiving unit 124 may include a dust collecting unit, a unit for determining the size of the coal and its grade, an inlet section, a transition section, an adaptation section, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the coal receiving unit can control the amount of coal that enters the conveyor unit 130 for processing. For example, a coal receiving unit may be able to control the amount of coal passing through it by closing or opening the hatch, turning off the speed of the inlet auger, or the like.

Coal can be fed to a coal receiving unit 124 using a conveyor belt system 300, bogies, a front loader, a rear loader, and the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the action of loading coal into a coal receiving unit 124 may result in the formation of an inconsistent amount of coal powder, for which a powder collecting unit may be provided. In an embodiment of the invention, the coal powder may be collected in containers and removed from the coal receiving unit.

The solid fuel processing unit 132 can process coal more efficiently if the conveyor unit 130 receives an agreed coal size; Coherent coal size can optimize microwave heating of coal. Coal receiving unit 124 may sort incoming coal by grades or by size in a plurality of its sizes. In the implementation of the invention there may be many conveyor systems for the processing of coal of various sizes. Coal can be sorted using a sorting grid, using doors with different weights to direct the coal to another conveyor unit, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the coal receiving unit 124 can transport coal from an input source to a conveyor unit 130 using a plurality of sections, which may include an input section, a transit section, an adaptation section, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the inlet section may receive raw coal inside the coal receiving unit; this section may be large enough to prevent overflow of the coal stream or run-out of coal when filling the coal buffer. In an embodiment of the invention, the transit section may be a channel or conduit for moving coal from the inlet section to the adaptation section; this section can be wedge-shaped so that the different sizes of the inlet section and the adaptation section are correctly matched. In the implementation of the invention, the adaptation section can move coal from the transit section to the conveyor unit 130; the output of this section may be the same as the output of the conveyor unit.

In the implementation of the invention, if the coal is sorted by grade or size, then the sections may be more than one input section, transit, or adaptation section.

The control device 134 may control a plurality of devices, systems and sensors of the solid fuel processing installation 132. The control device 134 may receive and provide information to sensors, controllers, processing devices, and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit can during the procedure regulate the processing of coal, based on input from various sensors and devices. For example, a control device may receive information from a humidity sensor and a weight sensor to determine how much moisture is removed from coal; The operating parameter can be adjusted based on this information.

In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can change the operating parameters of the installation to regulate the processing of coal in the solid fuel processing unit 132. In the implementation of the invention, changes in the operating parameters can be performed in other devices, which may include a conveyor installation controller 144, a processing unit 160, a container installation 162, setting the feedback 174, setting the anti-ignition 154, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may comprise a computer device, such as a server, a web server, a desktop computer, a calculator, PDA, flash memory and others. In an embodiment of the invention, the control device 134 may communicate with other devices and sensors using LAN, WAN, R2R, CD, DVD, flash memory, or similar devices. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit may use an algorithm to determine the exchange of operating parameters with the installation of processing solid fuel 132.

The anti-ignition unit 154 may be a source of gases to prevent ignition of coal during the treatment process. Since it is necessary to heat the coal in order to remove by-products, the coal during the processing can be heated to a temperature close to the ignition temperature. To prevent the initial ignition of coal during its processing, inert gases can be used that create an inert gas atmosphere inside the coal processing chamber. Inert gases include nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Nitrogen and argon may be the best common inert gases used as non-combustible atmospheric gases.

Inert gases may be supplied to the anti-ignition unit 154 via pipelines, tank cars, on-site gas generating units, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, if a tank car system is used, the supplied gas can be obtained using the tank car inside the tank storage unit, or the car can leave the trailer with the tank to use as a temporary gas storage.

In the implementation of the invention, the inert gas from the anti-ignition unit 154 can be used in combination with atmospheric air, or it can be a single atmosphere in the coal processing chamber.

By supplying the anti-ignition unit 154 with nitrogen, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can use the on-site unit 152 producing nitrogen to generate the nitrogen required for the coal processing chamber. In an embodiment of the invention, nitrogen can be obtained by using a commercial pressure absorption process (PSA) plant. The dimensions of the gas producing plant must be correctly selected so that gas generation occurs in the required volume of nitrogen for the solid fuel processing plant 132.

The power network 180 may be a power electric network connected to a single power system, which can be used to power the solid fuel processing unit 132; the power requirements for the solid fuel processing plant 132 may include a microwave system 148. The power network may be taken from a single power system that is external to the installation, or may be taken from an internal single power system if the installation is a power generation plant.

The high input voltage installation 182 can supply its own power network step by step, providing its own power network with the voltage levels required by the solid fuel processing unit 132. The high voltage input transmission installation can receive very high voltage power supply 180, which must be reduced step by step using the installation 182. B implementation of the invention, the installation of the transmission input high voltage 182 may include the required components and devices for step-by-step power supply conjugate own power network with voltage levels to set a solid fuel treatment 132. Setting transmission input high voltage can power transmission line setting processing inside solid fuel 132 to connect the setting processing of solid fuel 132 to the power circuit 180.

Conveyor unit 130 can transport coal through systems involved in coal processing to remove by-products; coal transportation can be a continuous supply of coal. Conveyor installation 130 may receive coal from the receiver of installation 124 moving coal through at least one processing procedure and deliver the treated coal to cooling installation 164. In an embodiment of the invention, conveyor installation 130 may include a conveying installation, such as a conveyor, multiple conveyor buckets coal, or other containing devices for moving coal, through at least one coal treatment procedure. The transportation unit may be made of a material that is designed to withstand the temperatures of the processed coal, such as metal, high temperature plastic, or the like.

The conveyor unit 130 may comprise a plurality of settings and systems, which may include a pre-heater 138, a parameter control system 140, a sensor system 142, a removal system 150, a controller 144, a microwave / radio system 148, and the like. All of these individual plants and systems can be coordinated to process coal during the processing process by using operating parameters, or by setting up parameter generation and / or a control device 134. Conveyor unit 130 may be able to adjust operating parameters during the processing process; the adjustment of operating parameters can be performed manually by an operator who controls the process, or automatically, in real time, using a controller 144.

In the implementation of the invention, the conveyor unit 130 can be placed in close proximity to the transport unit; as a placement can be considered a camera. In the implementation of the invention, the chamber may contain means involved in the processing of coal, gas chamber equipment, sensors, a by-product removal system 150, coal powder containers, and the like. The chamber can provide all the input and output procedures for processing coal, such as gas entering the environment, removing by-products, removing coal powder, loading coal, shipping coal, and the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the transportation unit may have various speeds specified by the operating parameters. For example, a transportation unit can move at a slow speed if a large volume of coal is loaded immediately, or if it is a low-grade type of coal (e.g. peat) that contains a large percentage of by-products. The transportation unit can move slowly to provide more time for microwave generators. The transportation unit may move at a constant speed or may have a variable speed in various process conditions. For example, a transportation unit may move slowly near microwave generators, but quickly between microwave generators. Coal can be located on the transportation unit in such a way that there is a space between the pieces of coal, which can facilitate the movement of coal by the transportation unit through the coordinated steps of the coal processing procedure. For example, coal can be located at the same distance as microwave generators, which can lead to coal being placed under each microwave generator during the process.

In the implementation of the invention, the movement and speed of the transportation unit can be coordinated with the operation of microwave generators. Depending on the operation of the microwave generators, the transportation unit may have a higher or lower speed.

In the implementation of the invention, the working installation of transportation can be controlled by the operating parameters determined by the installation 128 of the generation of parameters, and tracking or corrected operating parameters of the control device 134.

The controller 144 may be a computer device that can receive operating parameters from a parameter generation installation 128 and a control device 134 for a coal processing procedure. In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may comprise a computer device, such as a server, a web server, a desktop computer, a calculator, PDA, flash memory, and others. In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may communicate with other devices and sensors using LAN, WAN, R2R, CD, DVD, flash memory, or similar devices. In the implementation of the invention, the position of the controller 144, interacting with the coal processing chamber, does not matter; the controller can be installed at the inlet, at the outlet, and elsewhere along the coal processing chamber. If the controller 144 is monitored or controlled by the operator, the controller may be installed in a location that allows the operator to observe critical areas of the coal processing process, or sensors of the coal processing process.

In an embodiment of the invention, controller 144 may provide operating parameters for at least a transportation, air flow, inert gas, microwave frequency, microwave power, preheating temperature, and the like installation.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may control the frequency of at least one microwave system 148. The microwave system 148 may be controlled to provide a simple frequency or a pulsating frequency. If there is more than one microwave system 148 in the conveyor unit 130, the controller 144 may provide operating parameters to more than one microwave unit 148; More than one microwave unit can operate at different frequencies.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may control the power of at least one microwave system 148. The microwave system 148 may be controlled to provide simple power, or ripple power. If there is more than one microwave system 148 in the conveyor unit 130, the controller 144 may provide operating parameters to more than one microwave unit 148; More than one microwave unit can operate with different capacities.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may control environmental processes of the conveyor unit 130, which may include an air stream, an inert gas stream, a hydrogen stream, positive pressure, negative pressure, vacuum levels and the like. The air flow in conveyor unit 130 may include providing dry air, inert gases, hydrogen, and pressure changes to control the removal of gases from coal. In the implementation of the invention, dry air can be used to help reduce moisture in coal in a conveyor system. In the implementation of the invention, an inert gas can be used to prohibit spontaneous combustion of coal at high coal temperatures; inert gases can also be used to prevent other oxidation processes. In the implementation of the invention, hydrogen may be used during the sulfur removal process. In the implementation of the invention, the creation of pressure in the conveyor system can be used to remove by-products, such as gases, which are thus released from coal.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may be a commercially available control computer, or the controller for the pipelined installation 130 may be made to order. In the implementation of the invention, the controller can receive the operating state of feedback from systems and devices of the conveyor installation 130. Feedback can cover the flow settings, the current changing parameters, the percentage of filled containers and the like. A feedback loop may be available on the controller 144, or any computer device associated with the controller 144.

In the implementation of the invention, the controller may have a off-scale control mode, which may allow the operator to switch to manually changing the operating parameters of at least one coal processing process. Manual change of operating parameters can be considered as an extreme case, or as a complete manual control of the coal processing process.

In implementations of the invention, the time-based treatment (the complete program according to which the coal may be subject to microwave exposure) usually ranges from 5 seconds to 45 minutes, depending on the size and configuration of the conveyor unit 130, the availability of the microwave system 148 and the amount of coal to be processed. Small volumes require short processing times.

The preheater 138 may heat the coal before it is heated by the microwave system 148. The preheater may be used to remove excess moisture from the coal. Excessive excess moisture can be removed to facilitate operation of the microwave system 148, which removes moisture when internal by-products are removed, which can lead to absorption of microwave energy.

In an embodiment of the invention, the coal can be preheated using heat radiation, infrared radiation, or other similar methods that can use electricity, gas, oil, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the preheater 138 may be inside the unit 130, or it may be external and precede the conveyor unit 130.

In the implementation of the invention, the preheater can use ambient air, which can be used as dry air to remove moisture. Ambient air may pass through a preheater to facilitate drying of the coal.

In an embodiment of the invention, the preheater 138 may have a collection unit collecting moisture removed.

A microwave / radio system (microwave system) 148 can provide electromagnetic microwave energy to coal in a conveyor unit 130 to remove by-products. By-products can be water moisture, sulfur, ash, metals, water, hydrogen, hydroxides and the like. By-products can be removed from coal by heating the by-products using microwave energy to a temperature at which the by-products are removed from the coal. Removal can occur when the phase of the working substance changes from solid to liquid, from liquid to gaseous, from solid to gaseous, or other variable phases that can cause the by-product to be removed from coal.

In the implementation of the invention, various products can be isolated from coal at different temperatures; values of the surface temperature of coal can lie in the range from 70 to 250 ° C. In implementations of the invention, the moisture of the water can be removed at lower values, while sulfur is removed at a temperature of from 130 to 240 ° C; ash can be removed in the temperature range between water and sulfur and can be removed with water and / or sulfur. In an embodiment of the invention, the coal can be heated to some internal surface temperature because the by-products are heated by the energy of the microwave system.

In an embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic energy of the microwave system 148 can be obtained by devices such as a magnetron, klystron, gyrotron, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be at least one microwave system 148 in the conveyor unit 130. In an embodiment of the invention, there can be more than one microwave system 148 in the conveyor unit 130.

In a conveyor unit 130, where there are more than one microwave system 148, the microwave system 148 may be in a parallel orientation, in a sequential orientation, or in a combination of a parallel-serial orientation with respect to the transport system.

The parallel orientation of the microwave system 148 may have more than one microwave system 148 mounted adjacent to one or two sides of the conveyor unit 130. In an embodiment of the invention, more than one microwave system 148 can be combined together and mounted on both sides of the conveyor unit 130. For example, in at some point along the conveyor unit 130, there are N microwave systems 148 with N / 2 on each side of the conveyor unit 130. Such a configuration may allow greater microwave power to be applied to at the location of the conveyor installation, it can allow working with more than one small microwave system to create the required power, it can allow you to install microwave units in some place with an upward or downward slope, it can allow you to set the pulse mode of operation of microwave units, it can allow you to set up continuous operation of microwave settings may allow you to set a combination of continuous or pulsed mode or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, more than one microwave system 148 may be controlled independently, or as a single device.

It will become apparent to a person skilled in the art that in order to obtain the required coal processing parameters, parallel microwave systems 148 can be controlled to provide microwave energy in terms of the number of microwave installations, frequencies, combinations of installations, or combinations of frequencies.

Sequentially oriented microwave systems 148 may have more than one microwave system 148 installed along the length of the conveyor unit 130. In an embodiment of the invention, each individual microwave system 148 installed can be considered as a station, or as part of a general coal processing process. In the implementation of the invention, there can be more than one single microwave system, or one group of microwave systems 148, there can be no more than one place on the belt length of the conveyor unit 130. There is a distance between successively installed microwave systems 148, which means that between successively installed microwave systems 148 other procedures may be performed. The sequence of microwave systems 148 may allow different microwave frequencies to be applied to different places, different microwave power to be applied to different places, different microwave duty cycles (pulsed or continuous) to be applied to different places, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the distance between the microwave systems 148 may allow preliminary preparation of other processes, such as removal of by-products, cooling of coal, placement of by-products to complete the removal process, processing of coal, weighing of coal, identification of removed products, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, more than one sequential microwave system 148 may have one redundant microwave system or group that may be able to repeat, if necessary, a particular processing process. For example, one microwave station can apply its power to remove water moisture from coal, followed by weighing the coal in a weighing unit to determine the removed moisture of the water. Depending on the weight of the coal, it can be determined that water moisture is still in the coal, and an excess microwave system 148 may be the next place to reapply power to remove the remaining water moisture. In an embodiment of the invention, an excess microwave system 148 may or may not be used in a future coal process. In an embodiment of the invention, the excess microwave unit 148 may repeat the same process that was provided for the microwave system 148, or may be used for various processes not provided for the microwave system 148.

In another example, water moisture sensors can determine that water moisture is still being removed from coal and a second redundant treatment process can be applied to coal. In an embodiment of the invention, the control device can determine if a repeat of the microwave process is required.

In an embodiment of the invention, microwave system 148 may operate in pulsed or continuous modes of operation. To regulate the microwave energy applied to the coal, the output microwave energy can be pulsating by adjusting the time interval of operation at a constant frequency. In an embodiment of the invention, the microwave power per source may be at least 15 kW at a frequency of 928 MHz or lower, and in another embodiment of the invention may be at least 75 kW at a frequency of 902 MHz or higher.

In an embodiment of the invention, lower frequencies of microwave energy can penetrate deeper into coal than higher frequencies. Microwave system 148 generates an output frequency in the range between 100 MHz and 20 GHz. Other frequencies or microwave energy may be used in accordance with implementations of the invention.

As previously discussed, microwave system 148 may be installed as coordinated cascades. For example, coal in a conveyor unit 130 may be spaced at intervals corresponding to the distance between the microwave systems 148, which allows coal to be located under each microwave generator during the coal processing process. In the implementation of the invention, this can be an advantage in the processing of coal, which consists in changing the speed of the conveyor in each station of the microwave system 148 for processing coal. In the implementation of the invention, this can be a one-time processing method on a continuous conveyor unit 130.

In implementations of the invention, the processing time (the complete program, according to which the coal can be exposed to microwave exposure) usually ranges from 5 seconds to 45 minutes, depending on the size and configuration of the conveyor unit 130, the availability of the microwave system 148, and the volume of processed coal. Small volumes require short processing times.

In the implementation of the invention, at 100% efficiency, 1 kW of electromagnetic energy can evaporate 3.05 pounds of water per hour at ambient temperature. With correctly specified electromagnetic radiation from systems, 98% of this energy can be absorbed and converted into heat. For example, 1 kW of applied electromagnetic energy requires approximately 1.15 kW of electricity and evaporates 2.989 pounds of water; 61.6 kW of electricity may be required to remove 160 pounds of moisture.

Parameter management installation 140 may receive information from sensors and transmit it in the form of feedback to controller 144. In an embodiment of the invention, parameter management installation 140 may include a computer device, such as a server, web server, desktop computer, micro calculator, PDA, flash memory and others. In an embodiment of the invention, the parameter control setting 140 may communicate with other devices and sensors using LAN, WAN, R2R, CD, DVD, flash memory, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the parameter control installation 140 may have an interface for receiving signals from various sensors of the solid fuel processing installation 132. The interface may be capable of receiving either of two signals, either analog or digital, from the sensors. For an analog signal, the parameter control setup interface 140 may use an analog signal to digital converter (ADC) to convert the analog signal to digital data for storage.

In the implementation of the invention, the parameter control unit 140 may have an interface with sensors that can be part of the conveyor unit 130, such as measuring air flow, conveyor speed, temperature, microwave power, microwave frequency, inert gas levels, humidity levels, ash levels, sulfur levels or the like. The measured temperatures can have two values of the temperature of the coal, that is, during the processing of coal, and the temperature in the chamber; the temperature in the chamber can be an indication of whether there is a fire in the chamber.

In an embodiment of the invention, the parameter control setting 140 may comprise an external storage device, such as RAM, CD, DVD, flash memory, or the like, which can store read sensor data. The parameter control setting 140 may store sensor information, transmit in real time in the form of feedback to the controller 144, store sensor information and transmit in real time in the form of feedback to the controller, or use another storage / feedback method. In an embodiment of the invention, the parameter control device 140 may collect readable sensor data and transmit stored feedback data to the controller 144. The collected sensor data can be used to provide the controller 144 with past average readings of readings, a time period of readouts, a histogram of readout values after a long time, the real time of reading by sensors and the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, sensor data collected by the parameter control installation 140 can be viewed on the parameter control installation 140, or any computer device associated with the parameter control installation 144.

Sensors 142 of the conveyor installation 130 may provide coal processing data to a parameter control installation 140 and a controller 144. Coal processing sensors may include steam, ash, sulfur, microwave power, microwave frequency, coal surface temperature, coal weight, microwave radiation, measured values of the air flow, the temperature of the conveyor unit and the like. In implementations of the invention, the sensors may be analog or digital measuring devices.

In an embodiment of the invention, the steam of the conveyor unit 130 can be measured by a moisture analyzer. A moisture analyzer may be installed relative to the microwave system 148 for measuring water vapor removed from coal during processing. In an embodiment of the invention, the processing of coal may be a continuous procedure until the measured level of water vapor reaches a predetermined level. The level of water vapor can be measured as a percentage of moisture, on a scale of one millionth, one billionth or other measurements of steam.

In the implementation of the invention, the measurement of both parameters of ash and sulfur can be performed by a signature level analyzer. There may be a chemical separation of the signature of the level analyzer for ash and sulfur. In the implementation of the invention, the processing of coal can be continuous until the measured level of ash and sulfur reaches a predetermined level.

In carrying out the invention, the power and frequency of the microwave system 148 can be measured as the current level, which must be compared with the set levels.

In an embodiment of the invention, the surface temperature of the coal can be measured by sensors, such as infrared sensors or thermometers. The temperature of the sensors can be set depending on the coal processing process to measure the surface temperature of coal during and after coal processing: the coal processing process can be one of two, heating coal or cooling. In an embodiment of the invention, the coal treatment can be continuous until the measured surface temperature of the coal reaches a predetermined level. In an embodiment of the invention, the coal can be heated internally and superficially because the by-products are heated using the microwave energy of the microwave unit 148.

In carrying out the invention, the weight of coal can be measured using commercially available weights. The weight of coal can be used to identify by-products removed from coal. In an embodiment of the invention, coal can be measured before and after installation of the treatment to determine the lost weight of coal. The difference in coal weight can be an indicator of the percentage of by-products that can be removed from coal. In the implementation of the invention, the weighing of coal can occur in real time, since the coal passes through weighing on the balance.

In implementations of the invention, microwave radiation from the conveyor unit 130 may be measured, for example, by a safety indicator. A microwave sensor may be the standard sensor available. In the implementation of the invention, environmental safety can be ensured, since microwave radiation beyond a predetermined level cannot be measured away from the conveyor unit 130.

In the implementation of the invention, the current value of the air flow of the conveyor unit 130 can be measured for comparison with the desired air flow. Airflow can be measured in terms of its speed, direction, pressure, vacuum, and the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the temperature of the chamber of the conveyor unit 130 can be measured by standard temperature sensors. For a coal processing chamber, the temperature of the chamber can be measured in terms of detecting safety signs. The removal system 150 may remove by-products from the conveyor unit 130, i.e., those products that have been removed from the treated coal. By-products can be removed from coal as a gas, or as a liquid. The removal system 150 can remove gases by moving air toward the pipeline, where the gases can be collected and processed. System 150 can use positive or negative pressure to remove gases from conveyor unit 130. A positive pressure system can drive gases into the collection area, while negative pressure can push gases from the collection area. The removal system 150 may collect liquids at the bottom of the conveyor unit 130 of the catchment area.

In the implementation of the invention, some by-products can be collected in turn, gas and liquid (for example, water). In an embodiment of the invention, as soon as the water vapor is removed from the coal, a certain amount of water vapor can be captured by the gas removal system. Depending on the amount and degree of water vapor removed from the coal, water vapor may condense as water liquid on the walls of the conveyor unit 130.

In an embodiment of the invention, the condensation of water on the walls can be reduced with the flow of air within the fluid collection area.

In an embodiment of the invention, depending on the temperature of the coal, sulfur can act like moisture in water, removed as a gas or as a liquid. In an embodiment of the invention, ash can be removed either with moisture in water or with sulfur.

In an embodiment of the invention, a gas collection unit may collect a simple type of gas, or may collect a plurality of gases removed from the coal being processed. Depending on the location inside the conveyor system and the temperature of the coal during its processing, at least one gas can be removed from the coal. Depending on the temperature of the coal, the gases removed at some point in the conveyor system may be of various types. For example, in a place where the temperature of coal lies between 70 and 100 ° C, the gases can be mainly water vapor, and where the temperature of coal lies between 160 and 240 ° C, the gases can be mainly sulfur vapor .

In an embodiment of the invention, a liquid collection unit may collect a simple, typical liquid, or may collect a plurality of liquids removed from treated coal. Depending on the location inside the conveyor unit and the temperature of the coal during its processing, at least one liquid may be removed from the coal. Container unit 162 may receive by-products in the form of gas and liquid removed from conveyor unit 130 by a removal system 150. The removed by-products may include water, sulfur, coal powder, ash, hydrogen, hydroxides and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the container unit 162 may have a sealed reservoir for liquid removed from the conveyor unit 130 for storage; there may be many sealed tanks. In the implementation of the invention there may be various sealed tanks placed in various places of the conveyor installation 130 for collecting liquids.

In an embodiment of the invention, container installation 162 may have hermetic reservoirs for collecting gases removed from conveyor installation 130; there can be many sealed gas tanks. In an embodiment of the invention, a sealed gas reservoir may contain more than one type of gas, depending on where the gas was removed from the conveyor system. In the implementation of the invention there may be various sealed tanks placed in various places of the conveyor installation 130 for collecting gases.

In an embodiment of the invention, the container unit may also include a screen for shielding microwave energy in the conveyor unit 130.

Processing unit 160 may receive gas and liquids from a conveyor unit 162 for separating gases and liquids into individual gases and liquids for sale.

In the implementation of the invention, by-products can be separated using a process that may include precipitation, flocculation, centrifugation, filtration, disciliation, chromatography, electrophoresis, isolation, liquid extraction, precipitation, fractional freezing, sieving, winding, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, after the gases and liquids are separated, the gases and liquids can be placed in individual containers or tanks.

The export unit 158 may receive separately produced gases and liquids from the processing unit 160 for export. In an embodiment of the invention, the removal of gases and liquids may include their disposal in the form of waste, sale of gases or liquids to other enterprises, removal of non-hazardous gases (for example, water vapor), or the like. In the implementation of the invention, other enterprises may be companies that can directly use separately produced gases or liquids, or may be an enterprise that can purify gases or liquids for resale in the future.

The removal unit 158 may be connected to a unit for transporting separately produced gases and liquids by rail, trucks, pipelines, or the like.

Installation 158 may temporarily include storage of containers, which may allow temporary storage of gases or liquids until the volume of actual commercial shipment is reached. In an embodiment of the invention, temporary storage containers may be local, or may be located at a distance.

The cooling unit 164 may be located after the conveyor unit 130 and may provide an adjustable air composition for controlling the coal cooling process. In an embodiment of the invention, the cooling unit may be integrated into the conveyor unit 130, or may be separated at the outlet of the conveyor unit; 1 shows a cooling unit as a separate unit.

In an embodiment of the invention, the cooling unit 164 can control the degree of cooling of the coal and adjust the composition of the air to prevent re-absorption of moisture, since the coal cools after the treatment process. In an embodiment of the invention, cooling unit 164 may have a conveying unit, which may consist of a conveyor unit 300, a plurality of individual containers, or similar equipment surrounded by an enclosed space that can create a cooling chamber.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controlled cooling process may include sequential cooling of the air to ambient temperature, natural cooling in an adjustable air composition, cooling with forced supply of an inert gas, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the transportation system may be capable of varying speed to maintain its own level of cooling. In the implementation of the invention, a system sensor for controlling gases, coal temperature, conveyor speed and the like can be installed. The sensor data may be obtained by the controller of the cooling unit 164, or may be used by the controller 144 of the conveyor 130; the controller may provide output of the operating parameters of the cooling installation 164.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controlled atmosphere may be dry air or inert gas.

Coal distribution unit 168 can move the finally cooled coal to a location remote from the conveyor unit 130. In an embodiment of the invention, the coal distribution unit 168 may include a conveying system, a coal powder collecting unit, an inlet section, a transit section, and an adaptation section, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, a distribution unit may supply final processed coal to silos, rail cars, storage areas, directly to processing units, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, an output distribution installation may supply final processed coal to silos, rail cars, local warehouses, directly to a processing installation, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the inlet section can receive processed coal from the cooling unit and the size of the receiving section can be set so that the receiving section corresponds to the transport system of the cooling unit 164 and the dimensions of the output section correspond to the transit section.

In an embodiment of the invention, the transit section may be a channel directing the treated coal to the adaptation section; the transit section may comprise a transportation system.

In the implementation of the invention, the size of the adapter section can be set for coordination with the transit section, and the desired shape for coordination with the location of the output products (for example, a motor rail, warehouse, delivery directly to the installation).

In an embodiment of the invention, distribution unit 168 may serve at least one location. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be more than one distribution unit 168 per conveyor unit 130 to power more than one outlet location.

Testing installation 170 may take samples of the finally processed coal and check the coal sample to determine whether the characteristics of the processed coal correspond to the required characteristics 122. In the implementation of the invention, the testing installation can be local or remotely located from installation 132.

In the implementation of the invention, the standard test can be performed in accordance with such standards as ASTM Standards D388 (Classification of Coal Brands), ASTM Standards D 2013 (Method for preparing coal samples for analysis), ASTM Standards D 3180 (Practical Standard for Calculation of Coal, analysis of coke for based on certain data in various databases), US Geological Survey Bulletin 1823 (Methods for the selection and inorganic analysis of coal) and the like. A standard test can provide characteristics of coal, which may include percent moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury, ash melting point, analysis mineral ash, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties and the like.

In the implementation of the invention, it can be periodically withdrawn samples from the finally processed coal, it can be the first and last samples, it can be one sample and the like. In the implementation of the invention, not all samples from the selected ones can be checked, and statistical indicators of all samples from finally processed coal can be used with the addition of tests based on the results of statistical samples. A person knowledgeable in this technology can understand the statistical selective method of checking various parameters, which implies knowing how many samples are subject to verification, and whether there can be a return to other samples depending on the test result.

In the implementation of the invention, the finally processed coal cannot be used until the verification data of the test sample of the final processing of coal are received.

The output parameters of coal 172 may be a place of storage of information for its classification 110 for finally processed coal. The output parameters of coal 172 can be represented as a database, a relational database, a table, a test file, an XML file, an RSS format, a uniform file, or a similar presentation of information that can preserve the characteristics of the finished coal. Data may be stored on a computer device, which may include a server, a web server, a desktop computer, a small computer, a laptop computer, PDA, flash memory, or similar devices. In the implementation of the invention, the characteristics data of the finally processed coal can be transmitted to set the output parameters 172 on a sheet of paper of a documentary copy, in electronic form, in the form of databases or similarly presented data. If the characteristics of the finished coal are supplied in the form of a documentary copy, the characteristics can be entered in the appropriate output characteristics of the coal 172, or on a computer device. In an embodiment of the invention, the finally processed charcoal characteristics can be sent by e-mail, FTP, connected to the Internet, WAN, LAN, P2P or similar methods from a test setup 170. Output parameters 172 can be accessed through a network that may include the Internet.

Testing installation 170 may present characteristics of coal, which may include percent moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury, ash melting point, analysis of ash minerals, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties, and the like.

In the implementation of the invention, there may be at least one recorded data stored in the output parameters 172 for each finally processed coal. There may be more than one recorded data if the final coal has been subject to random or periodic verification during the coal processing. In the implementation of the invention, each test carried out on finally processed coal may have characteristics of coal stored in the output parameters of coal 172.

The feedback setting 174 can compare the characteristics of the finished coal with the required characteristics 122 to determine how much the finished coal meets the tolerances of the required characteristics. As a feedback setting, there may be a computer device, which may include a server, a web server, a desktop computer, a small computer, a laptop computer, PDA, flash memory, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, feedback installation 174 may support tolerances of coal characteristics that may be considered acceptable for the finished coal. Tolerances can be presented in the form of a database, a relational database, a table, a test file, an XML file, an RSS format, a homogeneous file, or a similar presentation of information that can preserve the characteristics of the finished coal. In an embodiment of the invention, feedback setting 174 may be connected to a network, which may include connected Internet, WAN, LAN, P2P, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, feedback setup 174 can compare the characteristics of the finished coal with the required characteristics 122 to determine the suitability of the finished coal.

In the implementation of the invention, if the finally processed coal does not meet the agreed tolerances, the control device 134 can carry out a change in operating parameters.

In the implementation of the invention, if the finally processed coal does not meet the agreed tolerances, a report can be drawn up; The report can be received from any computer device connected via a network with the installation of feedback.

Setting pricing / business (setting up a deal) 178 can determine the final price of the finished coal. Transaction setting 178 may be a computer device, which may include a server, a web server, a desktop computer, a small computer, a laptop computer, PDA, flash memory, or similar devices. In the implementation of the invention, the installation of the transaction 178 may be connected to a network that may include connected Internet, WAN, LAN, P2P or the like.
In the implementation of the invention, the installation of the transaction can receive data on the cost of raw coal and operating costs of the installation 132 to determine the final cost of the processed coal. The cost of operation of the installation 132 can be obtained in the processing of coal; coal can be identified by type, number of single processes, number of identifications, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the operating costs of the installation 132 can be recorded for all coal identification processing. Operating costs may include the cost of electricity, inert gas used, coal used, staff salaries, test costs, and the like.

In the implementation of the invention, a transaction report can be obtained from any computer device connected via a network with the installation of feedback.

In a coal fuel plant 200, for the production of heat and light, coal burns at a high temperature in the presence of oxygen. To ignite coal, it is necessary that it be heated to a temperature below the combustion temperature. The ignition temperature of coal is determined by its fixed carbon content. The ignition temperature of volatile substances in coal is higher than the ignition temperature of fixed carbon. The products of gas formation during the combustion process can thus be distilled. When combustion begins, heat produced by oxidation of fuel carbon can, among other conditions, maintain a high temperature sufficient to sustain combustion. Direct coal combustion can be obtained, for example, in fixed-bed furnaces 220, or mechanical combustion furnaces, atomized coal combustion plants 222, fluidized bed combustion plants 224, and the like.

Fixed-bed systems 220 have been used in small coal-fired boilers for more than a century. They use lumpy loaded coal, the size of which is approximately 1-5 cm. The coal is heated when it is loaded into the furnace, provided that moisture and volatile substances from the coal are removed. As coal moves to its ignition region, the temperature of the coal layer increases. There are a number of different types of fuel systems, including fire chambers with static grate grids, fire chambers with lower fuel supply, fire chambers with chain grate grids, fire chambers with moving grate grids, and distribution firebox systems. Furnaces of furnaces with chain and moving grate have similar characteristics. Pieces of coal are loaded onto a chain or movable grate, while air is directed through the grate and through the layer of coal lying on it. In a distribution furnace, a high-speed rotor scatters coal inside the furnace from above a moving grate, distributing the fuel more or less evenly. Furnaces of furnaces are characterized by a flame temperature lying between 1200-1300 ° C and a rather long retention time.

The fuel in the fixed-bed system 220 is relatively uneven, and thus, emissions of CO, NOx, and volatiles can be interrupted during the combustion process. Chemical fuels and temperatures can vary mainly through the grate. The emission of SO2 will depend on the sulfur content of the loaded coal. The remainder of the ash may have a high carbon content (4-5%), due to the relatively inefficient fuel and the limited access of oxygen to the carbon contained in coal.

The Atomized Coal Fuel Method (“RCC”) 222 is the best, commonly used method for using coal fuel to generate electricity 204. Before use, the coal is ground (sprayed) into fine powder. The atomized coal is blown with part of the air to obtain fuel inside the boiler through a series of combustion nozzles. Air may also be added a second time or a third time. Working nodes are closed by atmospheric pressure. The operating temperature of the fuel lies between 1300-1700 ° C and depends on the brand of coal. For bituminous coal, the fuel temperature is in the range of 1500-1700 ° C. For a low grade of coal, the temperature order is 1300-1600 ° C. The particle size of the coal used in the spraying procedure is about 10-100 microns. The particle retention time is usually 1-5 seconds and the particle sizes must be such that they completely burn out during this time. The steam generated by this procedure can be dried by a steam generator and a turbine to generate electricity 204.

The atomized coal fuel of the combustion chamber 222 can be used in conjunction with a wall flame or the tangential component of combustion. The results of near-wall combustion rise along the walls of the combustion chamber, while the tangential components of combustion rise in the corner, together with the flame toward the center of the boiler, thus forming a swirling movement of gases during combustion, as a result of which air and fuel mix more efficiently . Boilers can end with either a wet bottom or a dry bottom, depending on the ash deposited on the bottom in the form of molten slag or a dry solid component. Mostly PCC 222 produces a shallow, thin layer of ash. Typically, RCC 222 can produce 65% -85% of fine ash with the remainder of the ash in the form of coarse fractions (on the dry bottom of the boiler) or boiler slag (wet bottom of the boiler).

Boilers using anthracite coal as fuel can use lower fuel delivery designs where the coal-air mixture is sent down to the cone serving as the base of the boiler. This design leads to a long retention time, which guarantees a more complete combustion of carbon. In another design, a combustion cell is provided that promotes the formation of two or three circular combustion procedures, combined inside a simple, vertical installation that produces a compact intense flame. The high flame temperature resulting from this combustion may be due to the formation of more NO _x , but despite this, the use of such a design is less preferable.

Boiler fuel cyclone can be used for coal with a low melting point of ash, which would be difficult to use together with PCC 222. The combustion chamber cyclone has combustion chambers installed away from the wedge-shaped holder of the boiler. The first air stream transfers fuel in the form of small particles of coal into the fuel chamber, while the second air stream tangentially pumps air into the cyclone, creating a solid funnel through which large particles of coal penetrate the walls of the fuel chamber. The third air stream enters directly into the central cyclone funnel to control the central vacuum and the location of the fuel inside the furnace. Large particles of coal are captured in the hot layer, which covers the inner surface of the cyclone, and then recycled for more complete combustion. Small particles for combustion pass into the center of the funnel. Such a system promotes intense heat generation inside the fuel combustion chamber and, thus, coal burns at extremely high temperatures. Fuel gases, residues of carbonized substances and fine ash pass into the combustion chamber of the boiler for more complete combustion of fuel. Hot ash falls due to its weight to the bottom of the chamber for subsequent removal.

In a boiler cyclone, 80-90% of the ash remains at the bottom of the boiler in the form of hot slag, and a smaller part of the fine ash is removed after passing through the hot sections of the boiler. Such boilers operate at high temperatures (from 1650 to 2000 ° C), and use low atmospheric pressure. High temperature resulting from the formation of large amounts of NOx_,It is a great inconvenience to using this type of boiler. Boiler combustion cyclone can use coal with some basic characteristics: volatiles should be more than 15% (dry basis), ash content should be in the range of 6-25% for bituminous coal or 4-25% for sub bituminous coal, and humidity should be less than 20% for bituminous coal and 30% for sub-bituminous coal. Ash should have special characteristics of slag viscosity; ash slag, forming during the process, especially has a great effect on the operation of this type of boilers. In a boiler of this type, fuel with high humidity can burn, but a design change is required.

Sprayed coal fuel 222 in the United States is used in subcritical and supercritical vaporization cycles. The supercritical vaporization cycle is one that occurs in the vicinity of the critical temperature (374 ° F) and critical pressure (22.1 MPa), where the gaseous and liquid phases of water cease to exist. Subcritical systems typically achieve a thermal efficiency of 33-34%. Supercritical systems can achieve efficiencies 3-5% higher than the subcritical system.

The increased thermal efficiency of combustible coal leads to a decrease in the cost of generating electricity, since low-grade fuel is used. Increased thermal efficiency also reduces other emissions generated during combustion, such as SO ₂ and NO _x. In other words, small fuel plants using low-grade coal as a combustible substance can have a thermal efficiency of at least 30%. For larger plants with subcritical boiler systems in which the combustion of high-quality coal occurs, the thermal efficiency can be 35-36%. The thermal efficiency in plants using subcritical vaporization systems can reach 43-45%. The maximum achieved with low coal grades and a low grade of coal may be lower than that achieved with a high grade of coal and a high grade of coal. For example, the maximum value of the efficiency expected in a new brown coal burning plant (available, for example, in Europe) can be about 42%, while the equivalent of a plant working on new bituminous coal can reach about 45% the maximum heat coefficient useful action. Systems of supercritical vaporization plants using bituminous coal and other optimal structural materials can produce a net thermal efficiency of 45-47%.

The fluidized bed system (“FBC”) 224 mixes coal with an adsorbent such as limestone and fluidizes the mixed components during the combustion process, which leads to complete combustion of the fuel and the removal of sulfur gases. “Fluidization” creates a condition in which solid components become free-floating, like a fluid medium. As the gas passes upward through the bed of solid particles, the gas stream produces forces that tend to separate the particles from one another. In FBC 224, coal burns in a hot, non-flammable layer because coal particles are suspended by an upward flow of fluidized gas.

FBC 224 systems are mainly used with subcritical steam turbines. Atmospheric pressure FBC 224 systems may be boiling or circulating. The FBC 224 pressurized systems, presented in the early stages of development, used mainly fluidized beds and could produce electricity in a combined cycle along with gas and a steam turbine. FBC 224 at atmospheric pressure can be used with a high content of coal ash and / or with coal with variable characteristics. As for coarse particles of coal, they can be used with a size of approximately equal to 3 mm Fuel is loaded at temperatures between 800-900 ° C, mainly below the NO _x formation threshold since such systems operate at low NO _x emissions compared to PCC 222 systems.

Fluidized beds have a low fluidizing speed, therefore, they are held in the layer at a depth of approximately equal to 1 mm with an identifiable surface. As soon as the coal particles cease to burn and become small, they are ultimately thrown away with the coal gases at a remote distance, just like fly ash. The circulation layers use the highest fluidizing speed, since these coal particles are suspended in a gas chimney and pass through the main fuel chamber into a cyclone. Large particles are extracted from the gases and again looped inside the combustion chamber. Individual particles can cycle between 10-50 periods, depending on their fuel characteristics. Fuel conditions are relatively uniform throughout the combustion chamber and there are a large number of mixed particles in it. Even despite the fact that particles of hard coal are distributed throughout the installation, the density of the layer in the lower part of the furnace requires mixing of the fuel during combustion. For the tar coal burning layer, the carbon content in the layer is approximately 1% along with the residue forming ash and other minerals.

FBC 224 circulation systems can be designed for a particular type of coal. These systems are particularly applicable to low grade coal, high ash, which are difficult to completely disperse and which may have variable fuel characteristics. Such systems are also used to burn coal with other fuels such as biomass or industrial waste. Once the unit is built, it will operate at a higher efficiency with the fuel intended for it. Various applications are possible. The thermal efficiency is usually, to some extent, less than for equivalent RCC systems. When using low-grade coal with variable characteristics, the low thermal efficiency can be even lower.

Installation FBC 224 in a sealed system can be used to work with low-grade coal and, as a result, with variable fuel characteristics. In a sealed system, the fuel chamber and all cyclone gases, together with coal and the introduced sorbent, are placed under pressure in a container, ash is discharged through the pressure boundary and through the pressure boundary inside the system. When the coal plant is working, coal and limestone can be mixed in the system along with 25% water, like paste. The system can operate under a pressure of 1-1.5 MPa, with a fuel temperature in the range between 800-900 ° C. Fuel heats the steam like an appropriate boiler, and can also produce hot gas to control a gas turbine. Sealed plants are designed to have a thermal efficiency of at least 40%, with lower emissions. Future sealed power generation systems can be improved so that they can have a thermal efficiency of more than 50%.

Some bituminous coals themselves have properties that allow them to be used for the smelting of iron and steel without the prior formation of coke. Their specificity for such an application depends on some qualities of coal, including melting, and a combination of other factors, including high fixed carbon content, low ash content (<5%), low sulfur content, and low calcite content (CaCO ₃ ). Coal having the qualities necessary for use in metallurgy can cost 15-50% more than coal for heat production.

Gasification 230 involves the conversion of coal into fuel gas, volatile substances, carbonized substances and residual minerals (ash / slag). The gasification system 230 converts hydrocarbon fuels, such as coal, into gas components by applying heating under pressure, usually in the presence of steam. Devices that perform this process are called gasifiers. Gasification 230 differs from fuel combustion because it takes place with limited access of air or active oxygen. Thus, only a small part of the fuel burns out completely. The fuel that burns contributes to the generation of heat for the rest of the gasification process 230. Instead of burning, most of the feed carbon (such as coal) reacts chemically with many other substances, forming the aggregate “synthetic gas”. Synthetic gas is, first of all, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other gaseous components. The components of the synthesis gas are variable, however, they are based on the power used by the installation and the gasification conditions used.

Mineral residues in raw materials for industry are not gasified like carbon materials. Mineral residues can be separated and removed. Contaminated sulfur in coal can form sulfuric hydrogen, from which sulfur or sulfuric oxide can be obtained. Since gasification takes place under reduced conditions, NO _x usually does not form and ammonia forms instead. If oxygen is used instead of air during gasification 230, then carbon dioxide is produced in the concentration of the gas stream, which can be insulated or preventive measures can be taken so as not to pollute the atmosphere. Gasification 230 may be able to use coal, which may be difficult to use in fuel plants, due to its high sulfur content or high ash content. The ash, typical of coal used in gasification, is detrimental to the process's efficiency because they both cause damage by contributing to the formation of slag and making it difficult to place solid fuel inside syngas cooling systems or heat exchangers. At low temperatures, such as those formed in fixed beds and gasified fluidized beds, resin formation can cause problems.

Three types of gasification systems are available: fixed bed, fluidized bed and portable flow. Fixed-bed plants, as an exception, used to generate electricity, use lump coal. In a fluidized bed, the size of the coal used is 3-6 mm. Transport units use atomized coal. Portable flow units operate at a higher temperature (about 1600 ° C) than fluidized bed units (about 900 ° C). Gasifiers can work at atmospheric pressure, or can be sealed. When sealing gasification, coal feed can be introduced through barrier pressure. To place coal, a large-sized and expensive lockable hopper system can be used, or coal can be loaded in the form of a hydraulic mixture with a water base. To remove through barrier pressure, by-product flows must be depressurized. To produce synthetic gas, heat exchange and gas treatment plants must also be internally sealed.

Combined Cycle Complete Gasification Systems (IGCC) 232, which implement gasification processes, are used to generate electricity. In the IGCC 232 system, the synthetic gas produced during gasification is cleaned of contaminants (sulfuric hydrogen, ammonia, bulk solids, and the like) and burns by controlling a gas turbine. In the IGCC 232 system, the release of gases from the gasification unit takes place in the form of heat exchange with water to generate super-superheated steam that drives a steam turbine. Since the IGCC 232 system uses a combination of two turbines (fuel gas turbine and steam turbine), this system is called a “combined cycle”. Typically, most of the power (60-70%) in this system comes from a gas turbine. IGCC 232 systems produce electricity with a higher energy conversion rate than coal fuel systems.

Synthetic gas 234 can be converted into many other products. For example, components such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be used to produce a wide range of liquid or gaseous fuels, or chemicals using conventional procedures practiced in such a process. Another example is the hydrogen produced during gasification, which can be used as fuel for fuel cells, or potentially for hydrogen turbines, or hybrid fuel systems including fuel cells and hydrogen turbines. Hydrogen, which is separated from the gas stream, can also be used as raw material for the refining industry, which uses hydrogen to produce more refined petroleum products.

Synthetic gas 234 can also be converted into various hydrocarbons, which can be used as fuel or for further processing. Synthetic gas 234 may be condensed into light hydrocarbons used, for example, in Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Light hydrocarbons can then be converted to gasoline or diesel. Synthetic gas 234 can also be converted to methanol, which can be used as fuel or fuel additive, or serve as the basis for the production of gasoline.

Coke 238 is a solid carbon precipitate obtained from coal from which volatile components are removed by sintering them in a furnace at a high temperature (higher than 1000 ° C). At this temperature, fixed carbon and residual ash melt together. Bituminous coal with a low content of ash and sulfur is usually the industrial raw material for the formation of coke. Coke can be used as fuel during, for example, iron smelting in blast furnaces. During such processes, coke can also be used as a reducing additive. When converting coal to coke, by-products such as coal tar, ammonia, light oils and coal gas can also occur. Since the volatile components of coal are removed in the production of coke 238, it is desirable that coke is used as fuel in furnaces in which the combustion conditions are different from the combustion conditions of the coal itself. For example, coke as smokeless, or emits a small amount of smoke fuel, can burn under conditions that when using bituminous coal can cause a large amount of emissions. It is desirable that coal meet certain stringent criteria, which include moisture content, ash content, sulfur content, volatiles, tar and ductility before it can be used as coking coal.

Pure amorphous carbon 238 can be obtained by heating coal to a temperature of approximately 650-980 ° C with limited access to ambient air, as a result of which complete combustion of the fuel is impossible. Amorphous carbon 238, it is graphite, a form of allotropic carbon composed of microscopic carbon crystals. Thus, the resulting amorphous carbon 238 is widely used in industry. For example, graphite can be used in electrochemical components, activated carbons are used to purify water and air, and black carbon can be used to strengthen car tires.

In implementations of the invention, the main coke production process 238 can be used to produce hydrocarbon 240 containing mixed gas, which can be used as fuel (“urban gas”). Urban gas may contain, for example, about 51% hydrogen, 15% carbon monoxide, 21% methane, 10% carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and about 3% other alkanes. Other processes are used to produce methane, such as the Lurge process and Sabatier synthesis, which allow the use of low-quality coal.

Liquefaction turns coal into products of 240 carbon liquids that can be used as fuel. The process of liquefying coal can be direct or indirect. Any process that converts coal to hydrocarbon fuel 240 can add hydrogen to the hydrocarbon contained in the coal. There are four ways to liquefy: (1) pyrolysis and hydrocarbonization, where coal is heated in the absence of air or in the presence of hydrogen; (2) solvent recovery, where coal hydrocarbons are selectively removed from the coal mass and hydrogen is added; (3) liquefaction catalysis, where the catalyst hydrogenates coal carbon; and (4) indirect liquefaction, where monoxide and hydrogen carbon are combined in the presence of a catalyst. As an example, the Fischer-Tropsch processes are a catalysis of a chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into various forms of liquid hydrocarbons 240. Synthetic oil, which is used as a substitute for oils or fuels, can be classified as substances resulting from this process.

In another example, a low carbonization temperature can be used to produce liquid hydrocarbons 240 from coal. In this process, the coking of coal 238 occurs at a temperature between 450 and 700 ° C (compare with a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C for metallurgical coke). These temperatures optimize the production of coal tar, richer in light hydrocarbons 240 than conventional coal tar. Then the coal tar will be converted to fuel.

Coal fuels produce various by-products of coal 242, including hydrocarbons, ash, sulfur, carbon dioxide, water or the like. Subsequent processing of these by-products can be brought to an end with economic benefits.

Volatile substances are such products, with the exception of moisture, which during heating can pass into gas or steam. For coal, the percentage of volatile substances is determined by first heating to a temperature of 105 ° C, at which moisture is removed, then heating the coal to 950 ° C and measuring the residual weight. Volatile substances may include mixed short and long chains of hydrocarbons plus other gases, including sulfur. The volatile substance, therefore, may consist of mixed gases, organic compounds having a low boiling point, which condense when cooled to oils and resins. The volatiles content in coal increases with decreasing grade of coal. In addition, coals with a high content of volatile substances have a high reactivity during combustion and are highly flammable.

Coal ash, a common product of coal combustion, consists of fly ash (waste from chimneys) and ash residue (from boiler and fuel chambers). Coarse particles (ash residue and / or boiler slag) deposited at the bottom of the combustion chamber and fine fractions (fly ash) pass through the chimney, are recovered and reused. Concentration of coal ash may contain many traces of elements and heavy metals, including Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn. The ash obtained in this way after burning coal can be used as an additive to cement products, as a substitute for soil, when it is excavated in civil engineering projects, as high-quality soil, and as a component of other products, including paints, plastics, coatings and adhesives.

Sulfur in coal can be released during combustion as sulfur oxide, or can be obtained in coal ash by reaction with basic oxides contained in impurities of minerals (a process known as self-preservation of sulfur). The most important base oxide for self-preservation of sulfur is CaO, formed as a result of decomposition of CaCO3 and combustion of calcium containing organic groups. Coal burning consists of two successive steps: the removal of volatile substances and the combustion of carbonized fuel. During the removal of volatiles, the combustion of sulfur is converted to SO2. During the combustion of carbonized fuel, the process of formation of SO2, sulfitation and decomposition of CaSO4 simultaneously occur.

The destructive components of 244 coal distillation are coal tar and coal gas in addition to metallurgical coke. The applications of metallurgical coke and coal gas have been discussed previously as coal conversion products. Coal tar, the third by-product, has numerous commercial uses.

Coal tar is a mixed compound of hydrocarbon substances. Most of these volatile components with the smell of hydrocarbons of various compositions are obtained from the simplest volatile substances (gasoline) and are converted into non-volatile substances with a complex structure and high molecular weight. Hydrocarbons in coal tar are widely represented by a gasoline base, naphthalene base, or anthracene base, or phenanthrene. There may be a varying amount of aliphatic hydrocarbons, paraffins or olefins. In addition, coal tar contains a small amount of simple phenols, such as carbon axide and coumaron. Sulfur components and nitrogen-containing organic compounds may also be found. Most of the nitrogen substances in coal tar are based on the properties and compliance with the pyridine and quinoline family, for example, aniline.

Coal tar can be fractionally discycled 244 to produce a number of useful organic compounds, including gasoline, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene. Such substances may be called raw coal tar. They form the basis for synthesizing the amount of products such as dyes, medicines, seasonings, perfumes, synthetic rubber, paints, condoms, and explosives. After fractional distillation of the raw coal tar, the tar residues are removed. Such a substance can be used for the manufacture of roofs, paving streets, as insulating and waterproof materials.

The coal tar can also be used in its original state without fractional disciliation 244 being applied to it. Before it can be used, the tar can be heated to some extent to remove volatile substances from it. Coal tar in its initial state can be used as a paint, as a weather-resistant material, or as a protective coating against corrosion. Coal tar can also be used as roofing material. Coal tar can burn as fuel, although harmful gases are released. When burning coal tar, a large amount of soot is formed, called tube soot. If soot is collected, it can be used to produce carbon for the electrochemical industry, in printers, dyes, etc.

It is common for coal fired plants 200 and other coal-based enterprises to store coal in a remote location. For 204 power generation plants, coal should be stored at 10%, or more, of the annual demand. However, excessive amounts of stored coal can lead to difficulties associated with spontaneous spontaneous combustion, loss of volatile materials, and loss of calorific value. Anthracite coal can be less risky than other grades of coal. Anthracite, for example, cannot be the subject of spontaneous combustion, and therefore can be stored in unlimited quantities for coal batteries. In contrast, bituminous coal can spontaneously ignite if it is placed in sufficiently large batteries and can be sufficiently disintegrated.

In stored coal, two types of changes are possible. Inorganic materials, such as pyrites, can be oxidized and organic materials in the coal itself can be oxidized. When inorganic materials are oxidized, the volume and / or weight of the coal may increase, and the coal may disintegrate. If the coal substance itself is oxidized, the changes cannot be evaluated immediately. The oxidation of organic material in coal includes the oxidation of carbon and hydrogen, the absorption of oxygen by unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, and leads to changes that can cause a loss in the calorific value of coal. The same changes can cause spontaneous combustion.

In implementations of the invention, coal can be transported from its place of production to the place of use. Before it is transported, the coal can be cleaned, sorted and / or crushed to the desired size. In some cases, power generation plants may be located on the side or inside the coal mine for the installation. For these plants, coal can be fed by conveyors or similar means. However, in most cases, power generation plants, or other plants using coal, are located at some distance. The main way to transport coal from mines to remote plants is by rail. Barges and other craft may also be used. Trucking of highways is feasible, but it can be cost-inefficient, especially over distances of more than fifty miles. Powdered coal in coal slurry suspended in water is transported by pipelines.

In an embodiment of the invention, solid fuel processing parameters for a continuous solid fuel processing process, for a single processing process, or other processes, may be generated by a parameter generation unit 128 based on the required solid fuel characteristics and processing capabilities of the solid fuel processing unit 132. Coal sample data 120 may be taken as the initial solid fuel characteristics as input to the solid fuel processing plant 128, and the required characteristics A la 122 can provide the required final solid fuel characteristics.

In the implementation of the invention, the first step in determining the processing parameters of solid fuels can be to determine the difference between the characteristics of raw, untreated solid fuels and the required characteristics of the finally processed solid fuels.

As described previously, the solid fuel information stored in sample 120 data may include data such as percent moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI ), total mercury content, ash melting point, analysis of ash minerals, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties, and the like. The characteristics of the solid fuel can be attributed to such fuel that comes from the coal mine 102, from the storage facility 112, from the solid fuel processing plant, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 can verify and determine the characteristics of the solid fuel for storage of coal 120 in the sample data.

In the implementation of the invention, as discussed previously, the required characteristics of coal 122 can store the final required characteristics of solid fuel for delivery to the consumer for use at the location of the solid fuel processing unit 132, or the like. For example, a solid fuel processing plant 132 may be part of a large installation and may produce a finished solid fuel for it. In an embodiment of the invention, the required charcoal characteristics 132 can store the characteristics required by the consumer ordering solid fuel, moreover, the solid fuel can be produced from available, obtained solid fuel, and the characteristics of the solid fuel can be obtained using the aforementioned obtained solid fuel or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, solid fuel processing parameters can be generated by a parameter generation unit 128 based on the finally required characteristics of the processed solid fuel. The final processed required characteristics of solid fuels may be related to customer requirements regarding combustion, further processing, storage and resale, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, processing parameters of solid fuels can be generated based on the required final characteristics of solid fuels and the capabilities of a solid fuel processing plant 132. In an embodiment of the invention, a setting for generating parameter 128, based on requirements for a finally required solid fuels, can search and find characteristics of solid fuels from characteristics 122 for the final processed required solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generation unit 128 can calculate preferred characteristics to produce the solid fuel required to produce the final processed solid fuel. After calculation, the parameter generation unit 128 may search for coal sample 120 data to identify raw coal for solid fuel that can be processed by the solid fuel processing unit 132 to produce the final processed required solid fuel.

In an embodiment of the invention, the calculations performed by the parameter generating unit 128 may relate to the functional capabilities of the solid fuel processing unit 132. Depending on the configuration of the solid fuel processing unit 132, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may have some capabilities for processing solid fuel. For example, a solid fuel processing unit 132 may be able to remove a certain percentage of moisture from solid fuel during one solid fuel processing cycle. In determining the quality of the raw solid fuel, to select data 120 from the coal sample, the parameter generation unit 128 can consider the moisture content of the final processed solid fuel and calculate the amount of moisture that can be removed from the raw solid fuel to determine the initial moisture content in the characteristics of the solid fuel. For example, if you want to have a final moisture content of 5% moisture content, and the solid fuel processing plant is able to remove 80% moisture from the raw coal during one treatment cycle, this means that the initial selectable conditions can be selected from the group of raw solid fuel having 25 percent moisture content. Conversely, a parameter 128 generation installation can select unprocessed solid fuel with the highest percentage of moisture content and determine many processing cycles to obtain the best efficiency or cost-effectiveness in processing. It will be understood by a person knowledgeable in this process that the capabilities of a solid fuel processing plant may vary for different types of solid fuel and may also vary depending on other characteristics of the solid fuel when operating the above plant with solid fuel, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the calculations performed by the installation generating the parameter 128 can be performed for each of the characteristics of the required solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the calculations performed on the set of required characteristics of the final solid fuel, can set the characteristics of the raw solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the parameter generation setting 128 may try to find the correspondence of the set of parameters used in exact accordance with the criterion of the best match, the criterion of conformity based on some characteristics of the highest priority match, in the combination of match criteria, in the statistical match criteria, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, as a result of the matching process, the parameter generation unit 128 can find more than one untreated solid fuel that meets the criteria for compliance. For example, a data search of 120 coal samples may result in more than one untreated solid fuel being found if the best fit criterion is used. In an embodiment of the invention, the best compliance criterion may require for identification an untreated solid fuel that meets at least the required solid fuel parameters; the best fit may be with unprocessed solid fuels that match the best options. In carrying out the invention, the best match criterion may require the identification of untreated solid fuel that meets at least some of the required solid fuel parameters; the best fit may be with unprocessed solid fuels that match the best options. In an embodiment of the invention, the set of resulting values from the parameters of the correspondence procedure may include a classification list of correspondence to unprocessed solid fuel; solid fuels with the highest rates may be at the top and the lowest rates may be at the very bottom of the list. In the implementation of the invention, the indicators of the list can be sorted at the request of the consumer.

In an embodiment of the invention, a list of appropriate solid fuels can be presented to the operator of the solid fuel processing unit 132 for the final selection of solid fuel based on its use for the production of the desired final processed solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the operator may submit a list of correspondence of untreated solid fuel; the list may contain a classification indicating unprocessed solid fuel, which may be considered as having the best fit. In the implementation of the invention, where there are matches for numerous characteristics, the setting for generating parameters 128 can set the priority mode of discarding most of the matching parameters. In an embodiment of the invention, where matches are found for multiple characteristics, a parameter generation setting 128 can calculate a cumulative match metric representing the level of match among all characteristics. In the implementation of the invention, the priority mode can be used to give greater weight to some characteristics of the compliance with the intention of calculating the indicator of total compliance. In the implementation of the invention, the parameters for assessing the closest match can be selected by the user as priority, cumulative, or other measured matches can be used while maintaining the technical characteristics of the consumer.

In an embodiment of the invention, after raw solid fuel is selected, a parameter generation unit 128 may generate a set of parameters for processing the selected raw solid fuel.

In another embodiment of the invention, the parameter generation unit 128 may calculate the solid fuel processing parameters based on the available solid fuel and the capabilities of the solid fuel processing unit 132. In the embodiment of the invention, there may be at least one available solid fuel obtained by the solid fuel processing unit 132. In the implementation of the invention, the installation generating parameters 128 can choose one of the available untreated solid fuels, determine the characteristics of solid fuel based on data from a 120 coal sample, and determine the final processed solid fuel that can be produced taking into account the processing capabilities of the solid fuel processing unit 132. Parameter generation unit 128 can also simulate the changes that may occur in untreated solid fuel within one processing cycle and for many processing cycles. Considering the possibilities of a solid fuel processing installation, a parameter generation installation 128 can model the results of processing raw solid fuel using several different sets of processing parameters, and thus, a processing mode that provides the highest efficiency and cost-effectiveness ratio can be selected.

In carrying out the invention, one type of untreated solid fuel can be used to produce more than one type of final processed solid fuel. For example, the selected untreated solid fuel may contain 30 percent moisture, and the solid fuel processing unit 132 may be able to remove one third to two thirds of the moisture in each treatment cycle. Therefore, a solid fuel processing plant may be capable of producing final solid fuel products with a moisture content of 10 to 20 percent in a single cycle. If, in the second cycle, between one third and two thirds of the moisture is also removed, then in the final product a moisture content between 3.3% and 13.3% can be achieved. The second and subsequent cycles may not produce the same effective treatment as in the first cycle, therefore, in these cycles the same percentage of moisture removal as in the first cycle cannot be achieved. It should be added that processing in one cycle can be more efficient and / or with a higher cost-effectiveness indicator than when processing with many cycles, or vice versa. Using one cycle means that the solid fuel processing plant 132 may be capable of producing the final solid fuel with a moisture content of between 10 and 20 percent. Using many cycles, a solid fuel processing plant may be able to produce final solid fuel with a moisture content between 3 and 13 percent. A consumer who wants to have a final solid fuel with a moisture content of 10 percent has the opportunity to get the same result using different types of processing protocols, depending at least in part on the economic performance of the processing cycles using different parameters and different modes.

In the implementation of the invention, the parameter generation unit 128 can determine the final solid fuel characteristics for all selected characteristics of the raw solid fuels, based on the capabilities of the solid fuel processing unit 132. It is understood by the person knowledgeable in this process that optimization special characteristics of the final solid fuel may entail processing parameters that may not be ideal for optimizing other characteristics. From this it can be assumed that numerous processing cycles can be selected, each of them with different parameters, and thus, many characteristics of the final solid fuel can be optimized.

In an embodiment of the invention, when the solid fuel processing unit 132 generates operating parameters, the parameter generating unit 128 may consider the characteristics of the final solid fuel for the required solid fuel, the requested solid fuel, the past produced solid fuel, or the like.

In carrying out the invention, the operating parameters of the solid fuel processing plant 132 can be determined from the finally selected solid fuel.

In another embodiment of the invention, the parameter generation unit 128 may calculate operating parameters for the solid fuel processing unit 132 based on the previous solid fuel processed in the solid fuel processing unit 132. In the embodiment of the invention, the parameter generation unit 128 may store past information for unprocessed, previously obtained solid fuel and processed solid fuels, which can be produced from the resulting untreated solid fuels. Using this process, when some unprocessed solid fuel is obtained, the parameter generation unit 128 can determine the processing characteristics of the solid fuel that can be produced with the unprocessed solid fuel. In addition, the parameter generation unit 128 may find a specific final treated solid fuel matching the desired final processed fuel to calculate the operating parameters of the solid fuel processing plant 132.

In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generation unit 128 may support past operating parameter data for processing previously obtained untreated solid fuel; past operating parameters can be used instead of calculating new parameters.

In carrying out the invention, the operating parameters of the solid fuel processing plant 132 can be calculated for a continuous process, one-time processes, or other solid fuel processing processes.

In an embodiment of the invention, after the setting for generating parameters 128 determines the operating parameters for processing solid fuel, the operating parameters can be transferred to a control device 134, a controller 144, a setting for controlling parameters 140, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, solid fuel processing utilizes a continuous processing process, one-time processes, a combination of continuous and one-time processes, or the like, that can be controlled using a feedback loop between a control device 134, a controller 144, process sensors 142, or the like.

As previously discussed, the parameter generation unit 128 can calculate the solid fuel processing parameters that can be used by various solid fuel processing installation systems 132 to process the solid fuel, which must meet particular characteristics. Special characteristics may be based on customer requirements, installation options for processing solid fuel 132, the availability of unprocessed solid fuel, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, during processing of solid fuel in the installation of processing of solid fuel 132, the control unit 134 can control the processing by receiving information from the procedural sensors 142. In the implementation of the invention, the controller 144 can provide the issuance of working commands to various systems (for example, a microwave system 148) for processing solid fuels. In an embodiment of the invention, procedural sensors 142 can evaluate the operation of a solid fuel processing unit 132. Sensors 142 can measure the input and output parameters of various conveyor system systems 130, by-products removed from the solid fuel during processing, measure immaterial indicators (e.g., moisture content) , or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 may receive solid fuel processing parameters from the parameter generation unit 128. In controlling the solid fuel processing, the control unit 134 may apply the regions of allowable parameter setting values. In the implementation of the invention, the range of acceptable values can be based on the capabilities of the systems, the capabilities of the sensors, the minimum and maximum values of the parameters required for some solid fuel, priority measurement of solid fuel, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the setting generation parameter 128 can determine the range of acceptable values that can be applied to the processing parameters of solid fuel.

In the implementation of the invention, the controller 144 can receive solid fuel parameters without areas of acceptable values. The controller can provide the issuance of working commands, based on the parameters of solid fuel without areas of acceptable values.

In an embodiment of the invention, a process control and a feedback loop may be established between the control device 134, the controller 144, the sensors of the process 142 to control continuous processes and control outside the control data of the processing of continuous processing of solid fuel, single processing of solid fuel, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the feedback loop may begin with the installation of the generation of parameters 128, which provides the issuance of operating parameters to the control unit 134 and the controller 144. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 may produce a parameter of permissible values in the operating parameters; the tolerance parameter can be used to compare the readings of the sensors 142 with the allowable processing results. In an embodiment of the invention, the operating parameters may include parameters for controlling the systems of the solid fuel processing plant 132, measuring the by-products obtained during the processing (for example, the level of removed moisture) and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may use the by-product measurement information sensor 142 to change the parameter values in the system parameters.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may begin processing the solid fuel by transmitting operating parameters to conveyor system 130, such as a microwave system 148, a transport system, a pre-heating system 138, a parameter control system 140, a removal system 150, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may transmit operating parameters to the solid fuel processing systems without tolerances. Having obtained the operating parameters, the solid fuel processing systems can begin processing the solid fuel using a continuous process, a batch process, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, once the solid fuel processing process has begun, sensors 142 may begin to measure output parameters of various operating solid fuel processing systems. In an embodiment of the invention, the output processing parameters may include measurements such as microwave power, microwave frequency, conveyor speed, temperature values, air flow, inert gas levels, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, processing of the output parameters may include measuring remote by-products, such as removed moisture, removed ash, removed sulfur, as well as solid fuel surface temperature, air temperature, and the like. As previously discussed, sensors 142 may be installed at various locations along the conveyor unit 130 to measure various output parameters of the processing of solid fuels.

In an embodiment of the invention, the sensors 142 can provide measurements of the output parameters of the solid fuel supplied to the control unit 134. The control unit 134 can receive the measurement results of the sensor 142 in real time during the processing of the solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can compare the measurements of the sensor 142 with the range of acceptable values of the operating parameters.

In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 may contain various algorithms for changing the operating parameters based on the obtained measurements of the sensor 142. The algorithms can determine the magnitude of the change in the operating parameters if the results of the sensor measurement are outside the range of acceptable values. For example, the measurement data of the sensor 142 can be either inside, or above, or below the range of acceptable values.

In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can build changes in operating parameters on the measurements of the sensor 142 in real time, selective measurements of the sensor 142, the average value of the measurements of the sensor 142, the statistical value of the measurements of the sensor 142, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, changes in operating parameters can be implemented based on the by-products measured by the sensor 142, such as removed moisture, removed ash, removed sulfur, as well as solid fuel surface temperature, solid fuel weight and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the installation of a modification of the algorithm 134 can reliably associate the measurement sensor for secondary components 142 with the parameters of the solid fuel processing installation systems 132 to control the sensor 142 for reading by-products. For example, to measure a by-product of the moisture level in the environment of a conveyor system, it may be necessary to increase or decrease the parameters of the microwave system 148, such as microwave power, microwave frequency, microwave duty cycle, number of microwave systems operating, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the algorithm control setup 134 may combine a system read sensor with an interactive read sensor 142 to determine to what extent changes to parameters in the system are required. For example, the power level sensing sensor 142 for the microwave system 148 may be combined with a moisture level sensor in the area of the microwave system 148. As a result, the altered parameters of the microwave system 148 may include assessing the current power level set in the microwave system 148 and evaluating environmental humidity. In this example, the power installed in the microwave system 148 may be higher than a measured value comparable to the desired set parameter, but the read humidity may be lower than a humidity value comparable to the desired level. In this case, the power setting parameter can be increased to remove moisture from the solid fuel, even if the installed power of the microwave system is always lower than the desired setting value.

In an embodiment of the invention, a by-product measurement sensor 142 may be coupled to more than one solid fuel processing installation system 132. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be a plurality of by-product measurement sensors 142 associated with the system. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can determine how to best change the operating parameter (s) of the system to compensate for measurements of the by-product sensor, the readings of which are outside the range of the permissible parameter. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 may pre-determine the adjustment of the sensor 142, may have a base of adjustable parameters, may use the neural network to adjust the parameters based on the previous regulation, and the regulation may be performed by human intervention, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the safe installation of operating system parameters may be introduced into a system that cannot reject them, or which requires administrator intervention to reject.

In an embodiment of the invention, control unit 134 may support past operational control parameters set during processing of solid fuel. The control installation 134 may refer to the parameters of the previous regulation, determining in them the next regulation parameter. For example, the power of the microwave system 148 can be pre-adjusted to the increased moisture content to be removed from solid fuels. When the power value of the microwave system 148 was determined, the control was based on the new value of the readout sensor 142, and the control unit 132 may send the previous control parameter to determine the value of the next control parameter. For example, a previous control parameter may show that the last 5 percent microwave control of the microwave system 148 is removed by two percent. This information can be used to control the power of the microwave system 148 to obtain the desired change in the moisture removed from the solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, based on the measurement sequence of past control parameters, a calibration curve can be obtained, and thus, to obtain the desired result, such parameter control can be performed more accurately in response to some results of the readout sensors 142.

In the implementation of the invention, the control installation 134, as soon as the adjustment of the operating parameters of the solid fuel was made, the adjusted parameters can be transferred to the controller 144 for transmission to various systems of the installation of processing solid fuel 132. In the implementation of the invention, the adjusted parameters can be transmitted in real time, with some time interval, continuously or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, as soon as the controller 144 receives the adjusted parameters, the controller can transmit the adjusted parameters to various systems in real time, with some time interval, continuously, or the like.

Similarly, the control installation 134, the controller 144, and the feedback loop sensor 142 can continuously output operating parameters to the solid fuel processing installation systems 132, receive information about components and by-products with the aid of the measuring sensors 142, transmit the measurement results to the control device 134, and adjust the operating parameters, transmit the adjusted operating parameters to the controller and the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, for processing solid fuels with a continuous feedback loop, operating parameters for a continuous process, a single process, or the like can be covered.

In an embodiment of the invention, the conveyor system 130 may be controlled by the operating parameters generated by the generation unit 128 and modified by the control unit 134. As previously mentioned, the operating parameters may be controlled and controlled by the control unit 134, and the controller 144 may transmit operating parameters to the conveyor system 130.

In an embodiment of the invention, a solid fuel conveyor installation may include systems such as a conveyor belt, microwave systems, sensors, collection systems, a pre-heating unit, a cooling unit, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the conveyor unit 130 may be a continuous processing unit, a single processing unit, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the processing of solid fuels to obtain a final processed solid fuels that meets the required characteristics can be controlled by conveyor system 130 using operating parameters selected for the production of solid fuels with the required characteristics. A person knowledgeable in this process can understand that the required characteristics of the final processed solid fuel can be obtained by controlling the control of more than one conveyor system 130. For example, moisture removed from the solid fuel during the processing can be controlled by adjusting power microwave system 148, frequency of the microwave system 148, duty cycle of the microwave system 148, preheating temperature, conveyor speed values, s puts atmosphere (e.g., air or an inert gas) or similar parameters used individually or in combination. The parameters of the conveyor system 130 may be influenced by other requirements, such as producing solid fuel per unit time, initial characteristics of untreated solid fuel, final characteristics of processed fuel or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, controller 144 may store operating parameters for conveyor installation systems 130 and may transmit parameters to conveyor installation systems 130. In an embodiment of the invention, controller 144 may convert operating parameters to instruction systems that will be received and executed by conveyor installation systems 130.

In the implementation of the invention, the sensors 142 can be used to measure the operations of the conveyor system 130 and to obtain information regarding the processing of solid fuels. In implementations of the invention, sensors 142 may measure information coming directly from conveyor system 130, such as a microwave system, or environmental information that may flow from processing solid fuel, such as moisture extracted from solid fuel. In implementations of the invention, the environmental condition may include moisture level, ash level, sulfur level, air temperature, solid fuel surface temperature, inert gas level, cooling level or the like. In the implementation of the invention there can be many sensors 142 for measuring the same environmental conditions inside the conveyor unit 130, moreover, to ensure redundancy or to perform measurements at different locations, either of the two sensors is used to accompany the processing sequence. For example, there may be a plurality of sensors 142 for measuring the removed moisture from solid fuels, measured by humidity sensors 142 located in the microwave system 148, following the installation of the microwave system 148 and the like. In addition, there may be water sensors for measuring the volume of aqueous liquid that is collected by the collection unit in the conveyor unit 130. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be a plurality of sensors for each type of measurement made within the unit 130.

In the implementation of the invention, the sensors 142 can record information of various components and by-products and transmit this information to the control unit 134. As mentioned earlier, the control unit can use the information obtained by the sensors to configure solid fuel control parameters. In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may transmit the adjusted solid fuel parameters to the controller to change the processing of the solid fuel.

In the implementation of the invention, the processing of solid fuels can be a continuously measured procedure to ensure that the characteristics of the final processed solid fuel are achieved. Therefore, the processing of solid fuels can be continuously controlled, in response to any changes in the characteristics of untreated solid fuels. For example, a characteristic of solid fuels, such as moisture content, may vary beyond the processing time of the untreated fuel. In this example, the moisture content starts from one initial level of starting the process of processing solid fuel and changes, in one direction or another, during the time of the processing process. In the implementation of the invention, any of the measured characteristics of solid fuels may vary with the receipt of solid fuels. By using sensors 142 inside the conveyor unit 130 while the solid fuel is being processed, the operating parameters can be adjusted to provide a compatible set of characteristics over the entire processing time of the solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the operating parameters of the conveyor installation 130 can be adjusted to obtain a set of characteristics in the final processed solid fuel.

In an embodiment of the invention, once the solid fuel has been processed, parameters that can be adjusted may include microwave energy, air temperature, inert gas levels, air flow rate, conveyor unit speed, and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the operating parameters of the conveyor unit 130 can be individually controlled and adjusted, by groups, interconnected groups (for example, speed and microwave power) and the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the method of controlling and regulating operating parameters can be applied to a continuous processing process, to a single processing process or other methods of processing solid fuel. In a single processing process, the characteristics of the raw solid fuel may vary from one processing process to another and may require different operating parameters to produce a consistent processed solid fuel at the end of the processing process.

In the implementation of the invention, the sensors 142 of the conveyor installation of solid fuel 130, can measure the products released from solid fuel as a result of processing solid fuel, can measure the operating parameters of the systems of the conveyor installation 130, or the like. After that, the sensors 142 may transmit the measurement information to the controller 144, may transmit the measurement information to the control installation 134, may transmit the measurement information to the price / business calculation unit, may transmit the measurement information to control the parameter 140 or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the conveyor unit 130 may process solid fuel in a continuous processing process, a batch process, or the like, and sensors 142 can record solid fuel processing information from these processes.

In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 can measure the system parameters of the conveyor unit 130, which may include conveyor speed, microwave system power 148, microwave system frequency 148, microwave system 148 duty cycle, air temperature, inert gas stream, air stream, air pressure, inert pressure gas levels of removed products stored in tanks, heating levels, cooling levels and the like. It should be added that sensors 142 can also measure non-operational parameters, or environmental information parameters, which may include remote water vapor, remote sulfur vapor, collected water volume, collected sulfur volume, collected ash volume, solid fuel weight, solid fuel surface temperature, preheating temperature, cooling temperature and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be at least one sensor 142 for each conveyor system. For example, a microwave system 148 may have one or more sensors 142 for measuring power consumption, frequency, output power, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be more than one sensor 142 for measuring side parameters. For example, there may be one or more moisture level sensors 142 for measuring the released moisture from all solid fuel that has passed through the conveyor unit 130. It may be that the moisture sensor 142 in the microwave system 148 is installed immediately after the microwave system 148, or the like. . There may also be more than one microwave installation system 148, which may also have more than one moisture sensor 142.

In an embodiment of the invention, by using a solid fuel processing unit 132, sensors 142 may be able to measure resource consumption, such as power consumption, inert gas used, gas used, oil used, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 may be able to measure products produced by a solid fuel processing unit 132, such as water, sulfur, ash, or other products separated from solid fuel during processing.

In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 may transmit measurement information to a controller 144, a control installation 134, a pricing / business setting 178, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 may selectively transmit, for example, not transmit all the information of the solid fuel processing plant 132 to all recipient installations of this information.

In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 may receive sensor information 142 from various systems of the conveyor installation 130. The controller may be responsible for maintaining the operating parameters of various systems of the conveyor installation 130. For example, the controller may be responsible for maintaining the speed of the conveyor in a continuous process of processing solid fuel. Sensors 142 can provide information about the speed of the conveyor to the controller 144, which can set the controller to maintain the desired speed parameter. For example, as soon as the amount of solid fuel is added, or reduced, from the conveyor unit 130, various power levels may be required to maintain a constant conveyor speed, and the controller 144 may adjust the power required to maintain a constant conveyor speed.

In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can receive sensor information 142, which allows you to control the operating parameters for processing raw solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may receive system information of the sensor 142, which may include the frequency of the microwave system 148, the power of the microwave system 148, the duty cycle of the microwave system 148, conveyor speed, inert gas levels, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, control unit 134 may receive sensor information 142 about by-products, which may include removed sulfur, removed ash, solid fuel surface temperature, air temperature, and the like.

As mentioned earlier, the control unit 134 may combine information sensor 142 for two components and by-products used in the algorithms for achieving and / or maintaining the required operating parameters for processing solid fuel to produce the required final processed solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 may receive a set of basic operating parameters from the parameter generation installation 128. The control unit 134 may thereafter adjust the basic parameters based on information received from the sensor 142. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 may transmit the adjusted operating parameters to the controller 144 to control the installation of processing solid fuel 130.

In an embodiment of the invention, a pricing / business setting may receive sensor information 142 related to the cost / benefit of the final processed solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the information related to the cost / profit may include, or allows you to calculate the cost of production of finished fuel, such costs as the cost of inert gases, the volume of collected non-solid fuel products, the volume of final processed solid fuel or the like.

In carrying out the invention, sensor information related to cost may include used power, used inert gas, solid inlet fuel, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be sensors 142 that measure power consumption of each solid fuel processing plant system 132. In an embodiment of the invention, power consumption may include electricity, gas, oil, or the like. In the implementation of the invention consumed may be a volume of inert gas, water or the like.

In implementing the invention, the sensor information associated with profit may include the volume of collected water, the volume of collected sulfur, the volume of collected ash, the volume of the final processed solid fuel or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation 178 pricing / business can receive information from the sensor 142 in real time, ascending time, on demand, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, information on request can be requested from the installation 178 pricing / business, from sensors 142 or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may use algorithms to determine the volume of the finished fuel using information that may include the initial unit cost of the volume of the raw solid fuel, unit cost of the volume of the solid fuel of the processing unit 132, obtained by the solid fuel processing unit 132 materials, profitable (e.g. water, sulfur or ash), energy consumption of a solid fuel processing plant 132 per unit volume and the like e.

In the implementation of the invention, the sensors 142 can provide information on cost / profit, which may include the amount of solid fuel received, the energy required for preheating, the energy required for the conveyor, the amount of inert gas, the energy required for the microwave system 148, the energy required for cooling solid fuel; the amount of solid fuel supplied, collected water, collected sulfur, collected ash, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, a price / business costing unit 178 may have access to cost per unit of electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the pricing / business costing unit 178 may have access to the market value of selected products, such as water, sulfur, ash, solid fuel, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation of costing / business calculation 178 using information about the cost of production, cost data and market value may be able to determine the cost of final processed solid fuel, the cost of products removed from solid fuel and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 can calculate in real time the market price of the finished solid fuel, and such parameters as the amount of loss, the average price at the end of the solid fuel processing cycle in increasing order, or the like.

For example, a pricing / business setting unit 178 may obtain initial cost data of raw solid fuel from data 120 of a coal sample. Installation 124 of input sensors may provide an indication of the amount of solid fuel loaded into the conveyor unit 130 for processing. Sensors of the conveyor installation 130 can provide information on the energy consumed necessary for preheating solid fuel, transporting solid fuel, the rate of inert gas introduced into the conveyor installation 130, energy costs for microwave systems 148, energy costs for cooling installation 164, volume of final processed solid fuel obtained from a solid fuel processing plant and the like. In carrying out the invention, a costing / business installation 178 can measure such sensor measurements with the unit cost of each type of cost in order to develop a cost model for the processed solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the cost model may include increasing cumulative costs of individual systems involved in the processing of solid fuels, with the initial costs of untreated solid fuels to calculate the cost of final processed solid fuels.

In the implementation of the invention, the value of the final processed solid fuel obtained in the calculation can be compared with the market value of the solid fuel to create a model efficiency for the solid fuel processing unit 132.

In addition, the price / business costing unit 178 may receive information on the volume of by-products collected by the solid fuel processing unit 132, which may have market products such as water, sulfur, ash, other recovered products, or the like. This information can be used to calculate the market value per unit of the various separated solid fuel products to obtain a profit model for the products extracted from solid fuel.

In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 can calculate cost models, profit models, model efficiency, and other financial models for the operation of the solid fuel processing unit 132.

In an embodiment of the invention, the microwave system 148 of the conveyor unit 130 may be one of a plurality of processing systems included in the solid fuel processing unit 132 acting on the solid fuel to remove unwanted products from it. Microwave system 148 may be used singularly, in combination with a variety of microwave systems 148, in combination with other processes to remove unwanted products, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, microwaves generated by microwave systems 148 can be used to heat unwanted solid fuel products to a temperature that can cause the release of unwanted products from solid fuel. In carrying out the invention, undesired solid fuel products may be moisture in water, sulfur, ash, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, as soon as microwave energy is applied to the solid fuel, undesired products can be heated to a temperature that can cause the release of undesirable products, such as gas, liquid, a combination of gas and liquid, and the like, from solid fuel. For example, water can be removed as gas as soon as the water contained in the solid fuel reaches the temperature of converting water to steam. But, depending on the temperature of the sulfur, sulfur can be removed as a gas, or as a liquid. In the implementation of the invention, as soon as sulfur is heated, sulfur is first removed as a liquid, and then as a gas. In the implementation of the invention, there may be advantages in a two-stage separation of unwanted products to ensure complete separation of unwanted products from solid fuels.

In an embodiment of the invention, there may be more than one microwave system 148 for removing unwanted solid fuel products. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be more than one microwave system 148 inside the conveyor unit 130. More than one microwave system 148 may request various controllable parameters for solid fuel, such as frequency, power, duty cycle, or the like. In carrying out the invention, various controllable parameters of the microwave system 148 may be aimed at removing some unwanted products from solid fuels. It should be added that the applied energy of microwave systems 148 can be targeted at some methods for removing unwanted products, such as converting unwanted products into gas, liquid, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the microwave system 148 may include more than one microwave device, each of which may be controlled independently, in groups, or the like.

In implementing the invention, the microwave system 148 may operate independently; therefore, operating parameters can be set for each independent microwave device. For example, a microwave system 148 may have more than one microwave device, and each independent microwave device may have controllable parameters such as power, frequency, duty cycle, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the controller 144 and the control unit 134 can control each of the independent microwave devices.

In carrying out the invention, independent controllable microwave devices can enhance various functions to effectively remove unwanted products from solid fuels. For example, the first microwave device can operate at a certain frequency with a constant installed power, while the second microwave device can operate at different frequencies using a duty cycle where the installed power can change over time. The combination of these two working microwave devices can aim to remove specific unwanted products using the particular phase state of the substance (for example, gas or liquid).

In an embodiment of the invention, the microwave system 148 may include multiple microwave devices that operate in a group; therefore, there can be one set of operating parameters for a whole group, regardless of the number of microwave devices that can be in a group of microwave systems 148. For example, grouping the number of microwave devices and providing all microwave devices with the same frequency and a given power, can be a way to solve the problem of supplying high microwave energy to solid fuel, using small microwave devices equivalent to one large microwave device. The use of small microwave devices can lead to the configuration of microwave devices to effectively remove unwanted products. In the implementation of the invention, the operation of the microwave system 148 can be changed from the established mode of independent operation of the microwave device to the operation mode, as a group microwave device, by transmitting the operating parameters of the operation mode. For example, the microwave system 148 can operate as an independent microwave device when independent parameters were transmitted for each and the microwave device, but the microwave system 148 can operate as a group when the operating parameters of one group were transferred to the microwave devices. In an embodiment of the invention, the microwave system 148 may operate as an independent microwave device, as a group microwave device, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, microwave systems 148 may be placed along conveyor unit 130 to provide processing by combining microwave systems that can produce the desired finished fuel. For example, more than one microwave system 148 may be installed along conveyor unit 130 to remove moisture from water from solid fuels. The first microwave system 148 may be directed to remove some moisture from solid fuels; the second microwave system 148 may be installed at a distance from the first microwave system 148 to release additional moisture from the solid fuel. The added microwave system 148 can be installed along the conveyor unit 130 to continue to reduce moisture as solid fuel moves along the conveyor unit 130. In an embodiment of the invention, the unwanted solid fuel product can be removed in an incremental fashion by treating solid fuel with a plurality of microwave systems 148 along the conveyor unit 130. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be a distance between microwave systems 148 to remove unwanted product; the distance can be set as a period of time between processing steps. In an embodiment of the invention, microwave systems can be installed closed together. It may be understood that such processing processes can be applied to the removal of other undesirable solid fuel products, either independently or in combination with other undesirable solid fuel products.

In an embodiment of the invention, energy from microwave systems 148 can be individually applied to conveyor plants 130, to a first solid fuel processing conveyor 130, and to at least more than one further solid fuel processing conveyor. In the implementation of the invention, each conveyor unit 130 can process solid fuel and then provide additional conveyor units 130 with its products before the final coal processing characteristics are achieved.

In the implementation of the invention, a single fuel treatment unit can provide, in increasing order, the removal of unwanted products from solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, a single solid fuel processing unit may have at least one microwave unit 148, which can be controlled by variable operating parameters. For example, microwave system 148 may operate with a first power, frequency, and duty cycle in a first processing step and various power, frequency, and duty cycles in a second processing step. In the implementation of the invention, this may be a time period between the steps in order to create conditions for the complete removal of unwanted products as a result of the first processing stage before the second processing stage. In the implementation of the invention, there may not be a time period between the processing steps, and continuous processing can be applied to the once processed solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, a single fuel treatment unit can initiate a solid fuel process with as many processing steps as are necessary to produce a final processed solid fuel.

In an embodiment of the invention, as discussed previously, microwave systems 148 may be controlled by a feedback loop, which may include sensors 142, control unit 134, controller 144, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 may be installed along the conveyor unit 130, or placed inside a one-time processing unit to measure the efficiency of the microwave system 148 when removing unwanted solid fuel products. Sensors may be installed in the microwave system 148 or after the microwave system 148 for measuring the removed gases of the unwanted products, for measuring the remote liquid of the unwanted products, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 may transmit read solid fuel processing data to a control unit 134 from a plurality of local sensors. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 may be aimed at reading the data of each sensor 142 of the processing process. Since the readout sensor 142 receives data from the sensors 142, the control unit 134 can compare the received data from the readout sensor 142 with the data of the targeted sensors to determine how much further the processing of solid fuel is needed. In the implementation of the invention, based on obtaining the reading values of the sensors 142, the control unit 134 can transmit the adjusted operating parameters to the systems of the conveyor unit 130. In the implementation of the control, the control unit 134 can connect each sensor 142 inside the conveyor system with the working system of the conveyor unit 130. In the implementation of the invention each sensing sensor 142 may indicate weight since it may be involved in system control. For example, a first sensor 142 located at the same location as one of the microwave systems 148 may show more weight than a second sensor placed at a distance from the microwave system 148 in the direction of travel. In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may support a tabular weight that sets the weight that could be obtained by the read sensor 142.

In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may store previous values of the read sensors 142, which may allow the installation 134 to monitor the instantaneous values of the read sensors 142, average values of the read sensors, statistical values of the read sensors, read deviation sensors, read quality change sensors, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 may use any of the methods of tracking sensors to determine whether it is necessary to control the required system parameter.

In the implementation of the invention, various sensing sensors 142 can be used to control various parameters of the conveyor system 130. For example, the first sensor 142 can be used to control and regulate the frequency of the microwave system, and the second sensor 142 can be used to control and regulate the power of the microwave system 148 In the implementation of the invention, most of the sensors 142, which can be connected to the microwave system 148, can be used to control individual microns. wave devices inside the microwave system 148. For example, if there are four microwave devices inside the microwave system 148, then multiple sensors associated with the microwave system 148 can be used individually to control the four microwave devices. It should be added that any of the microwave systems 148 located along conveyor unit 130, may be the same in control, either individually or in a group.

You can understand that any of the conveyor system systems can be controlled in the same mode.

In the implementation of the invention, the systems of the conveyor installation 130 can receive adjusted parameters based on the characteristics of the finished fuel from the control installation 134. In an embodiment of the invention, after the solid fuel is completely processed in the solid fuel processing unit 132, the testing unit 170 may check the final processed solid fuel samples to determine the final characteristics of the solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, a test facility 170 may be part of a solid fuel processing facility 132, may be an external test facility with respect to a test facility 132, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the testing installation 170 can check the solid fuel for the percentage of moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury content, ash melting point, analysis of ash minerals, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties, and the like. In the implementation of the invention, these final characteristics of the solid fuel can be stored in the output parameters of coal 172, where they can be valid for the required characteristics of coal 122, for setting feedback 174, for setting control 134 and the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the final characteristics of the solid fuel can be determined, despite the fact that the same cycle is used in the solid fuel processing plant. In carrying out the invention, although solid fuel is still being processed, a subset of the characteristics of the final processed solid fuel is already considered valid. This subset of the characteristics can be determined on a remote testing facility 170, which can allow feedback to provide real-time control setup 134 with data.

In an embodiment of the invention, the output parameters of coal 172 may transmit testing information to a control unit 134, the control unit may receive test information from output parameters of coal 172, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can use the obtained solid fuel testing information as an addition to the input data, which can be considered when adjusting the operating parameters of the solid fuel processing unit 132. In the implementation of the invention, the operating parameter generation unit 128 can have access to testing information, stored in the output parameters of coal 172, through the required characteristics of coal 122 and therefore can use the past test data in the generation of the original working steam trov. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generation unit 128 may transmit past test information to a control unit 134. In an embodiment of the invention, past transmitted test information may reflect a summary, statistical information, sample information, deviation information, test information compared to operating parameters, or the like. .

In an embodiment of the invention, control unit 134 may compare past test information taken from parameter generation unit 128 with new test information taken from coal output parameters 172 to determine how new test information may be related to past information. In an embodiment of the invention, control unit 134 may store new test information as augmented test information. In the implementation of the invention, new test information can be stored in the control unit 134 for the period until a cycle has passed in the installation of processing solid fuel 132 for processing raw solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, the stored test information may be past information for the raw solid fuel stream of the processing cycle. In an embodiment of the invention, the stored information may reflect deviation data, statistical data, sample data, or the like, from a solid fuel processing flow cycle. In the implementation of the invention, as soon as the test information is received, the stored information can be stored along with the operating parameters. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit can analyze the similarity of the operating parameters at the time when the test information was obtained for the deviation parameters, in comparison with the final test information.

In an embodiment of the invention, as soon as new test information is received by the control installation 134, the data can be compared with past test data, can be compared with stored test data, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can use the test data of the comparison result as an indicator when adjusting the operating parameters of the solid fuel processing unit 132. In the implementation of the invention, the test information can be used as a direct indicator for the regulation parameter, as an indirect indicator for the regulation parameter (for example, a factor ), as a combination of direct and indirect parameters, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, test data can influence the regulation of operating parameters by instructing the control unit 134 to verify that the operating parameters used to process the solid fuel for the required final solid fuel are consistent. For example, sensors 142 of conveyor unit 130 may indicate that the required amount of moisture has been removed from the solid fuel during processing, but the test information may provide performance data indicating a different percentage of moisture that could be held in the solid fuel relative to that which was calculated using data obtained from sensors 142 of the conveyor unit 130. In the implementation of the invention, the test information can be used to adjust the operating parameters and can check the processing solid fuel to introduce changes to the final characteristics of the test information.

In the implementation of the invention, test data can be used by the control unit 134 to perform the adjustment of the tabular weight value parameter, to control the coefficients in the algorithms used to control the operating parameters, to determine how much the added conveyor system systems need to be used in processing solid fuels (for example, operating microwave systems), to determine how much additional processing cycles for solid of fuel (e.g., multiple execution processing transactions) or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, by-products removed during processing from solid fuel can be collected by a solid fuel processing unit 132. In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 can measure such isolated products from solid fuel, such as gas, liquid, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 and the controller 144 may be associated with sensors 142 for controlling the selected remote products. In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142, a control unit 134, a controller 144, or similar devices can transmit data about selected products to a price / business calculation unit 178. In an embodiment of the invention, a sensor 142 of information received in a control unit 134 and a controller 144 allows calculating instant remote levels values, average levels of remote values, total allocated products, type of allocated products, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, by-products from the solid fuel are released from the solid fuel that can be collected by a removal system 150 that is capable of removing the evolved gases, the evolved liquids, the evolved gases that can condense into a liquid, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, there can be more than one removal system 150 in a solid fuel processing unit. In an embodiment of the invention, the evolved gases can be collected in gas outlets, pipelines or containers for transporting gases for a container unit 162, a processing unit 160, an export unit 158, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the separated liquids and gases that condense into a liquid can be collected in liquid storages, pipelines or containers for transporting liquids to a container unit 162, a processing unit 160, an export unit 158, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, there may be sensors 142 that measure the amount of by-products recovered and transmit the measurement data to a control device 134, controller 144, and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 determines the number of released products, the level of released products, the number of released products collected in storage, the level of released off-gas, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may determine whether it is worth raising the levels of removed by-products, lowering them, or otherwise changing them to obtain the desired levels of solid fuel products. For example, the control unit 134 may receive sensor information 142 from which more liquid separated products can be formed than those removed from the solid fuel processing unit 132 by the liquid storage facilities. In response to this information, the control unit 134 may instruct the controller 144 to decrease the level of liquid to be removed. In an embodiment of the invention, this may cause an increase in the speed of the pump to change the removed liquid level, start another pump to change the removed level, or the like. Similarly, the gas sensor 142 may transmit to the control installation 134 such parameters of the released atmospheric gas (pressure, temperature, gas concentration and the like) that indicate that the released gas is not removed at a predetermined level. In an embodiment of the invention, the control unit 134 may order the controller 134 to change the levels of exhaust gas by adjusting the speed of the fan, starting another fan, changing the pressure in the gas collection chambers, or the like. In implementations of the invention, the output system 150 of the solid fuel processing plant 132 may be controlled individually or as part of a group.

In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 may be located at various locations along the conveyor unit 130 to measure the results of various solid fuel processing operations. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can adjust the operation of the removal systems 150, based on the read sensors 142, which indicate, for example, the level of the number of selected products. The control unit 134 may calculate the level of by-product emissions based on the readings of the sensing sensors 142 and may adjust the levels of the products to be removed by the removal system 150 based on the levels of the extracted products, the levels of the products obtained, the read atmospheric products, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, there may be sensors 142 that measure emitted products, such as water, sulfur, ash, and the like, for local processing of a solid fuel processing unit 132. In an embodiment of the invention, a control unit 134 may be able to control local processing of a removal system 150 for maintaining target levels for by-products.

In the implementation of the invention, as mentioned earlier, the collection of selected by-products can be a process performed by a container plant 162, a processing plant 160, a removal plant 158, or the like. In the implementation of the invention may be sensors 142, which can provide information to the installation control 134 about the status of these settings. In an embodiment of the invention, a control unit 134, a controller 144, a removal system 150, or similar devices can control the levels from which the collected by-products are collected, separated, placed, or otherwise manually controlled. In the implementation of the invention, the collection of removed isolated by-products occurs until the threshold value of the collected products is reached, at which time the operator of the solid fuel processing unit 132 may be informed that the separated products need to be removed from the collection plants. In an embodiment of the invention, an isolated product, such as water, can be isolated from a solid fuel processing plant without its accumulation or aggregation.

In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142, a control unit 134, a controller 144, or similar devices may transmit data of a selected product to a price / business calculation unit 178. In an embodiment of the invention, a calculation / business unit 178 may have market related information, such as market value or on-site value applicable to each of the removed by-products. In the implementation of the invention, decisions relating to the location of the remote allocated by-products may be based on their market value, their cost, or the like. Market-related data may include information related to regulatory aspects of specific products, for example, a solid price relating to environmental protection or overproduction in the generation or disposal of specific substances. In an embodiment of the invention, a control installation 134, a controller 144 or the like, a costing / business setting 178 based on data transmitted by sensors 142 may be able to calculate the market value of the extracted by-products, the cost of the extracted products, or the like. For example, collected liquid sulfur may have market value for its use in industry, while collected ash may not have market value and may cost money to bury it as garbage.

It is understood that market-related data may be applicable to a number of different markets. For example, the collected ash may have a pricing market from negative values (price at the location) to positive values established depending on the requirements for its various industrial uses. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 can calculate the market value of the recovered by-products per unit time, average market value per unit of solid fuel, instant market value by the level of removed products, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 can calculate the market value of the processed solid fuel, taking into account the market value or cost of the recovered by-products that are collected from the processed solid fuel. For example, a pricing / business setting 178 may retrieve the highlighted product for a particular solid fuel processing cycle. The pricing / business setting 178 can calculate the total cost and therefore the market value of the processed solid fuel by calculating the cost of processing the solid fuel and the value, cost / market value, for the total allocated by-products.

In an embodiment of the invention, the pricing / transaction pricing unit 178 may include algorithms for calculating the cost of the final processed solid fuel, the market value of the final processed solid fuel, the cost of placing the substances of the selected products, the market value of the substances of the selected products, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the algorithm may include obtaining the market value of the unprocessed solid fuel from the coal sample data 120, the cost of the final processed solid fuel from the coal output parameters 172, the cost of the processing from the solid fuel processing unit 132, and the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, a price / business calculation unit 178 may summarize data on cost, market value, or the like for a full solid fuel processing cycle, or for part of a cycle. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may calculate the total cost and market value periodically, at the end of the processing cycle, upon request for part of the cycle, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, a pricing / transaction pricing unit 178 may summarize the market value of an unprocessed solid fuel sample based on data from a 120 coal sample. In an embodiment of the invention, the market value of untreated solid fuel can be calculated as the cost per unit of production, as the total cost of the total volume of the obtained untreated fuel, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the pricing / transaction pricing unit 178 during processing can calculate the market value of the raw solid fuel used by it by determining the total amount of solid fuel processed during the cycle, or part of the cycle, and using the market value per unit of raw solid fuel production to calculate the total market the cost of raw solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, the market value of the raw solid fuel used may be an input value in the market value estimation algorithm.

In the implementation of the invention, as previously described, the operating parameters can be obtained as feedback from the installation 178 pricing / business after a cycle of processing solid fuel. In implementing the invention, operating parameters may include costs incurred in the processing of solid fuels, such as electricity used, gas used, oil used, inert gas used and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the installation of pricing / business 178 can summarize all costs of operations from the processing cycle of solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the installation of pricing / business 178 can store cost data per unit of output for all operating parameters. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 can calculate the cost of operating parameters for a solid fuel processing cycle using the cost of each individual unit and the number of work units used. In the implementation of the invention, the cost of processing solid fuel can be inside the algorithm for calculating market value.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation of pricing / business 178 can summarize the market value of the selected solid fuel products, the cost of placing the selected products and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the installation of pricing / business 178 can store the cost per unit of information, market value per unit of information, or the like for all selected products. In the implementation of the invention, the cost of the final selected products and market value may be the input value of the algorithm for the market value of solid fuels.

In an embodiment of the invention, a price / business costing unit 178 may store transaction income information. In the implementation of the invention, the information on income from operations may be related to the type of processed solid fuel, the market demand of the processed solid fuel, the amount of processed solid fuel required, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, income from operations can be expressed as a percentage of the cost of processed solid fuel, fixed profit per unit of processed solid fuel, fixed income per unit of solid fuel supplied to the customer, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the income from the operation may be an input parameter of the algorithm for determining market value.

In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may combine the market value of the raw solid fuel used, the cost of operations, the cost / market value of the separated solid fuel products, the cost of the transaction, and the like, to determine the final market value of the processing of solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may store final market value data, a final market value report for transmission to a solid fuel processing plant, a final market value report for transmission to a customer, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the stored market value of the processing of solid fuels may be valid for subsequent analysis and calculation, including past totals, queries, trend data, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, untreated solid fuel can be processed for private installation by the end user. In implementations of the invention, the installation of the final consumer may be one of many end customers of the customer, specifically indicated by the customer, the installation of the final consumer directly related to the installation of processing solid fuel 132, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the end-consumer plant may be a fuel plant 200, a coal conversion plant 210, a coal by-product plant 212, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, a coal fuel plant 200 may include a power generation plant 204, a metallurgical plant 208, or the like. The power generation plant 204 may include a fixed-coal fuel plant 220, a coal-spray fuel plant 222, a fluidized-bed coal plant 224, a combination of fuel plants using a renewable energy source 228, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, a coal conversion plant may include a gasification unit 230, a combined cycle gasification unit 232, a synthetic gas production unit 234, a coke production unit 238, a pure carbon production unit 238, a hydrocarbon production unit 240, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the installation of by-products 212 may include the installation of 242 by-products of fuel coal, the installation of 244 by-products of coal discilization, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, the installation of the final consumer can set the requirement for processing solid fuel by setting the requirements for processing solid fuel in the output parameters 172. The requirements can provide the necessary characteristics of the installation of the final consumer of solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the required characteristics of solid fuels may include data such as the percentage of moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury, melting point ash, mineral analysis of ash, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties, and the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the end-user installation may specify the characteristics of the particular untreated solid fuel for processing, allow the solid fuel processing unit 132 to select the best untreated solid fuel for processing, or some combinations.

In an embodiment of the invention, after the requirements of the processing of solid fuel are introduced as the output parameters of coal 172, the installation of processing of solid fuel can determine whether the process of processing solid fuel is a continuous process, a one-time process, or other processing methods are used. In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may determine a processing method based on indicators including the required amount of solid fuel of the final consumer, the required characteristics of the solid fuel of the final consumer, the available unprocessed solid fuel, the possibilities of various processing methods, or the like. For example, a single process may be useful for a small amount of the processed solid fuel required, while a continuous process may be preferable to obtain large quantities. For processing solid fuels with a narrow range of processing characteristics, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may select a single process to maintain the best control outside the characteristics by using basic characteristics. A person knowledgeable in such a technology may understand other reasons for choosing one of two processes, continuous or pulsed, to process the required fuel for the end user.

In an embodiment of the invention, the end-user installation may require special solid fuel to operate, or may require raw solid fuel with some characteristics, or may require sorting of raw solid fuel at the inlet, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the end-consumer plant may have information on specific batches of unprocessed solid fuel available for processing in the solid-fuel processing plant 132, and the end-user plant may select one of the available batches of unprocessed solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, a solid fuel processing unit 132 may provide a list of available unprocessed solid fuel for an end-user installation, or a solid fuel processing unit 132 may provide an end-user installation with a list of processed solid fuel that may be produced. Other artisans may be transparent to the knowledgeable artisan to allow the end user to determine the raw solid fuel at the inlet. In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may make a final decision based on the input raw solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the determination of the choice of raw solid fuel may be based on the capabilities of the installation of processing solid fuel 132, the previous processing of a particular raw solid fuel, the characteristics of the raw solid fuel, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, after the solid fuel processing unit 132 has received the end-user requirements, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may select the best suitable untreated solid fuel for producing the finally required processed fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, data from a coal sample 120 may be located using a parameter generation unit 128 to determine the most suitable untreated solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the most suitable solid fuel can be selected in accordance with such criteria as the characteristics of the final consumer, determining the final processed solid fuel, the possibility of installing continuous processing, the possibility of installing a single treatment, permissible deviations from the requirements of the installation of the final consumer of solid fuel, or the like .

In the implementation of the invention, after the raw solid fuel is selected, the setting for generating parameter 128 can determine the parameters that can be used to process it to achieve the characteristics required by the end user. As previously described, the setting generating parameter 128 can obtain the characteristics of the finally processed solid fuel from the required characteristics of coal 122, where the required characteristics of coal 122 can be determined by the end user. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may use an algorithm to calculate operating parameters for processing raw solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the algorithms may consider variables such as the possibility of installing solid fuel processing 132, the differences between the selected raw solid fuel and the desired setting of the final consumer of solid fuel, past results of similar processing of raw solid fuel, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generating installation 128 can then set the operating parameters of the conveyor installation systems 130 (for example, microwave systems 148), the number of periods required for processing the raw solid fuel, heating levels, cooling levels, atmospheric conditions that can be used during processing solid fuels, removing isolated products from untreated solid fuels, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generation unit 128 may transmit operating parameters to a control unit 134, a controller 144 for controlling the processing of raw solid fuel.

Parameter 128 generation installation may select raw solid fuel for use, or production by an end-user installation using various methods that might be transparent to the knowledgeable artisan. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generating installation 128 may find the characteristics of the end-user installation from the desired characteristics of coal 122. In an embodiment of the invention, the parameter-generating installation 122 can use key characteristics from the characteristics of the final solid fuel consumer to select raw solid fuel. In carrying out the invention, key characteristics of the desired end product can be provided by the end-user installation, or determined by the setting generation parameter 128, or determined by the capabilities of the solid fuel processing installation 132 or the like.

Key features can be used to determine the processing of unprocessed solid fuels. In the implementation of the invention, key characteristics can be built in order of importance for the characteristics of the installation of the end user. Alternatively, the alignment of the characteristics can be performed by setting the end user, setting the generation of parameter 128, or other appropriate setting. In an embodiment of the invention, alignment may be predetermined in accordance with the end use of the solid fuel. For example, an end-user installation may indicate that a certain level of moisture is required in the finished solid fuel, although other characteristics are significantly underestimated. Since the humidity level has the highest level in the tuned characteristics of the required coal processing, a setting is necessary to maintain the required moisture level, which could take the previous values of other settings.

In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation facility may use key characteristics to select raw solid fuel from available. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may use key characteristics to determine the operating parameters necessary for processing raw solid fuel to produce solid fuel for the end user. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter generation setting 128 may establish operating parameters based only on key characteristics, or a parameter generation setting 128 may use key characteristics in accordance with other characteristics to determine operating parameters.

In an embodiment of the invention, certain operating parameters may be transmitted to a control unit 134, controller 144, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134, using the conveyor unit 130, the sensors 142 can control and adjust the operating parameters during the processing of solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, once the solid fuel is processed, the sensors 142 can measure the operating parameters for key characteristics and transmit the information read by the sensors 142 to the control unit 134. If the control unit determines that the operating parameters need to be adjusted to obtain key characteristics of the solid fuel, the control unit 134 can transmit the adjusted operating parameters to the controller 144. In the implementation of the invention, the controller 144 can provide control of conveyor systems ovki 130 for processing solid fuels in accordance with the operating parameters.

In the implementation of the invention, the use of a feedback loop during processing with a control unit 134, a controller 144, and sensors 142, a solid fuel processing unit 132, starts the process of supplying raw solid fuel to an end-user installation that requires solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, solid fuel can be obtained in a continuous processing process, in a single processing process, a combination of continuous and single processing processes, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, at the end of the processing process, the final processed solid fuel can be checked at a testing facility 170 to determine the characteristics of the final solid fuel obtained. In the implementation of the invention, the characteristics of the tested solid fuel can be compared with the initial characteristics of the installation of the final consumer of solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the characteristics with which the obtained parameters are compared may be key characteristics, all characteristics of solid fuels, or combinations of this subset. In an embodiment of the invention, the testing facility 170 may determine whether the characteristics of the finished solid fuel are consistent with the required characteristics of the end-user unit requesting solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, as soon as the solid fuel is processed, the tested characteristics can be transferred to the control unit 134. In the implementation of the invention, the control unit 134 can adjust the operating parameters based on the characteristics issued by the testing unit 170.

In the implementation of the invention, as soon as it is determined that the final processed solid fuel does not meet the requirements of the end-user installation, the final processed solid fuel can be subject to further processing in the solid fuel processing unit 132. In the implementation of the invention, once the solid fuel is processed, the final processed solid fuel can be stored in a temporary storage area until it is determined that it meets the requirements of the end user Itel. When it is determined that the final processed solid fuel meets the requirements of the final consumer installation, the final processed solid fuel can be transported to the final consumer installation.

In the implementation of the invention, the test characteristics of the final processed solid fuel can be stored with the output parameters of coal 172. In the implementation of the invention, the stored test characteristics of the final processed solid fuel can serve as past results for the future selection of the required solid fuel by the final consumer installation, for the final verification in the final installation a consumer requesting solid fuel, completeness of processing raw solid fuel, or for a friend s needs, which could be considered by knowledgeable craftsmen.

In an embodiment of the invention, a transaction can be made to process unprocessed solid fuel for a private installation of the final consumer. In the implementation of the invention, the cost of processing raw solid fuel may include costs associated with electricity, gas, oil, inert gas, the placement of products extracted from solid fuel, transportation of the final processed solid fuel to the installation of the final consumer, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, a transaction may include income from processing solid fuels, including procedures from the sale of removed solid fuels or finally processed solid fuels.

In the implementation of the invention, each request for the installation of the final consumer for processing solid fuel can be processed as a transaction. In an embodiment of the invention, as soon as the end-user installation reports on the characteristics required for the final processed solid fuel, the pricing / business setting 178 may begin to summarize the financial definitions of the processing of the raw solid fuel to achieve the required characteristics. For example, a pricing / business setting can start with a volume of coal, a general ledger, a database, a spreadsheet, or the like, to summarize financial measures (e.g., costs, revenues, gains, and losses) associated with the processing of unprocessed solid fuels.

In an embodiment of the invention, once the setting for generating the parameter 128 has selected raw solid fuel, the identification of the raw solid fuel can be associated with the setting of the pricing / business 178. Using the identification of the raw solid fuel, the setting of the pricing / business 178 can find the cost parameters of the raw solid fuel from data of 120 coal samples. In an embodiment of the invention, a price / business costing unit 178 may store cost information of raw solid fuel to determine the cost of processing a private processing cycle. The cost information may include cost per unit of production (e.g., cost / ton), total cost of raw solid fuel, total number of operating plants, and the like. Based on the amount of solid fuel to be processed and requested by the end-user installation, the pricing / business setting 178 may be able to calculate the cost and cost ratio of the production of solid fuel required to produce the solid fuel requested by the end-user installation.

As described previously, the setting generation parameter 128 may generate operating parameters for processing the raw solid fuel, and may transmit operating parameters to the control installation 134, controller 144 or the like. A control unit 134, a controller 144 or the like, can control the processing of unprocessed solid fuel by providing operating parameters to systems such as heating systems, conveyors, microwave systems 148, ventilation systems, pumps, removal systems 150, and the like. During the processing of raw solid fuel, the cost of energy can be included in the cost of various operating systems consuming electricity, gas, oil, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel processing unit 132 may have sensors 142 that can measure the operation parameters of various systems. In an embodiment of the invention, sensors 142 can also measure the energy consumed by each of the systems during the processing of solid fuels.

In the implementation of the invention, the sensors can transmit information about the energy used by each system to the installation of the calculation of price / business 178 during processing of untreated fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may store the cost per unit of output for various types of energy, and may be able to convert the energy used by the solid fuel processing unit 132 to market value. For example, sensors can transmit data on the number of kilowatts used by the microwave system 148 to a pricing / business setting unit 178 that has access to information about the cost per kilowatt. Using this data and price information, the pricing / business setting 178 can calculate the cost of operation of the microwave systems 148 for processing the delivered untreated solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, the pricing / business costing unit 178 may summarize the cost of processing the raw solid fuel during the processing cycle and may store these final costs in the cost file of the installation of the final consumer of the processed solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, the pricing / business costing unit 178 may take stock of costs associated with processing cycles for future costing and analysis.

In the implementation of the invention, additional costs and gains / losses may be associated with by-products that are collected during the processing of untreated solid fuels. In the implementation of the invention, by-products such as water, sulfur, ash, and the like can be obtained during the processing of untreated solid fuels. Some of these collected by-products may have market value, so they may be sold (e.g., sulfur). Some other by-products may not have a market, so they require storage, which affects the price.

In an embodiment of the invention, the sensors 142 can measure the amount of released by-products collected in a conveyor unit 162, a processing unit 160, an export unit 158, and the like. These sensors 142 may then transmit data related to the quantity of such products to a price / business calculation unit 178. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business calculation unit 178 may store information about market value, storage cost, and the like, about various by-products and can calculate the cost and the amount of income / loss associated with each income, or the cost of each product allocated. For example, a control installation 134, a controller 144, sensors 142, or the like, may indicate to a pricing / business setting 178 that some sulfur (by-product) has been collected and is commercially available. A pricing / business setting 178 can classify the collected sulfur for sale and then transfer the sulfur data to the facility that will use it. Thus, the pricing / business setting unit 178 can calculate the cost of sulfur obtained by the solid fuel processing unit 132, or can calculate the profit from the sold sulfur as a derivative of the cost, or can make other financial calculations that might be transparent to the knowledgeable artisan.

Calculations regarding costs, expected income / loss values, and the like, can also be improved at any point during coal processing, such as collecting selected products, using, for example, current or planned data on market prices and thus , planned values of cost, profit, income / loss and the like can be obtained for special by-products delivered to the market. The current prices achieved after the sale and / or transfer of by-products can be compared with the planned prices, or the planned prices can be compared with the past valid prices. Other real-time applications and combinations of planned and past financial information will be quickly understood by knowledgeable artisans. In an embodiment of the invention, a price / business costing unit 178 may store financial information regarding by-products (including production costs, profits, and the like) in a cost file for setting the final consumer of the processed solid fuel.

In the implementation of the invention, based on the location of the end-user installation, the amount of finished coal, the method of transportation of the delivered solid fuel, and the like, the pricing / business setting 178 can calculate the cost of transportation for delivering the processed fuel to the end-user installation. In carrying out the invention, the pricing / business costing unit 178 may use data related to the cost of transportation to calculate the total cost to set the final consumer of solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, a price / business costing unit 178 may store the cost of transportation in a cost file for setting the end user of the processed solid fuel.

In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may determine an operating income / loss parameter for processing untreated solid fuel in a desired installation of an end user of solid fuel. The number of algorithms available to determine this operating income / loss parameter could be developed by an ordinary person knowledgeable in the technology. For example, the operating income / loss parameter can be defined as a percentage of the total cost of processing raw solid fuel, or as a set value for income / loss per unit of processed solid fuel. In an embodiment of the invention, a pricing / business costing installation 178 may store operating income in a cost file to set the final consumer of solid fuel.

In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may receive an instruction from the control unit 134, controller 144, sensors 142 or the like that the processing of the untreated solid fuel for the installation of the final consumer is complete. In the implementation of the invention, indicating that the processing of untreated solid fuel has been completed, the pricing / business setting 178 can summarize all the costs of processing solid fuel and determine the revenue / loss value for setting the final consumer of solid fuel with a market value. In the implementation of the invention, summing up the cost and revenues can use the standard practical calculation procedure. In the implementation of the invention, the market value of the finished fuel can be transferred to the installation of the final consumer. Alternatively, as described above, setting a price / business calculation can provide cost planning, profit / loss, expected profit, and the like, throughout the processing cycle, allowing the installation of the final consumer to make cost-effective decisions during processing.

In an embodiment of the invention, the parameters of the solid fuel can be stored in at least one storage installation, as a database. In an embodiment of the invention, at least one storage installation may be a hard disk, a CD drive, a DVD drive, a flash memory, a ZIP drive, a tape drive, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, at least one storage unit may be a single storage unit, may be in the form of local storage units, may be in the form of a plurality of distributed storage units, may be a combination of local and distributed storage units, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the databases may be a database, a relational database, an SQL database, a table, a file, a uniform file, an ASCII file, a document, an XML file, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel information may reflect information related to the unprocessed received solid fuel, the characteristics of the solid fuel required by the end-user installation, the operating parameters of the solid fuel processing unit 132, the test information of the final processed solid fuel, or the like. The solid fuel information may be stored in facilities such as coal sample data 120, desired charcoal characteristics 122, coal output parameters 172, parameter generation unit 128, control unit 134, controller 144 or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, coal sample data 120 may store characteristics of solid fuels, such as a database for access to it by settings, such as setting to generate parameter 128, desired characteristics of coal 122, price / business costing plants 178, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the characteristics of coal may include the percentage of moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury, ash melting point, analysis of ash minerals, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties, and the like. These solid fuel characteristics can be provided by shaft 102, storage unit 112, testing unit 170, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the characteristics in the database can describe the initial conditions of solid fuel prior to processing in the installation of the final consumer.

In the implementation of the invention, the database of the sample of coal 120 may be searchable, allowing you to find information of raw solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the information of the raw solid fuel can be found by setting the parameter 128 to select the raw fuel in order to convert it into solid fuel of the final consumer installation. In an embodiment of the invention, the stored raw solid fuel database information may comprise a single record for each solid fuel, or a plurality of records for each solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention there may be many records, as a result of periodic samples, statistical samples, random samples, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, when searching for coal sample data 120, there may be more than one corresponding returned entry for each untreated solid fuel.

In an embodiment of the invention, the required charcoal characteristics 122 may store end-user characteristics, processed solid fuel characteristics based on available unprocessed solid fuel, past processed solid fuel characteristics, or the like, as a database for access by setting parameter generation 128, setting coal sample data 120 , output parameters of coal 172, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the characteristics of coal may include the percentage of moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury, ash melting point, analysis of ash minerals, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties, and the like. The characteristics of solid fuels can be provided by plants such as a coal parameter generation unit 128, coal output parameters 172, an end-user plant, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the characteristics in the database may describe the final processing conditions for the solid fuel after processing the untreated solid fuel.

In the implementation of the invention, the required characteristics of coal 122 can be a search database that allows you to find the parameters of the final processed solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the parameters of the final processed solid fuel can be found by setting the parameter 128 to select the characteristics by the end-user installation to generate operating parameters of the solid fuel processing unit 132. In the implementation of the invention, the stored information of the database of final processed solid fuel may contain a single record for each solid fuel , or many entries for each solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention there may be many records, as a result of periodic samples, statistical samples, random samples, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, when a search is made for a sample of coal 122, there may be more than one corresponding returned entry for each untreated solid fuel.

In the implementation of the invention using the data of sample 120 and the required characteristics of coal 122, the parameter generation unit 128 may generate operating parameters of the solid fuel processing installation 132. The operating parameters may be data set to control various systems of the solid fuel processing installation 132 to process untreated solid fuel in end-user installation. Operating parameters can be stored in the database in any relevant setting, including setting the generation of parameter 128, setting the control 134, or controller 144. In addition to the operating parameters, the setting of generating parameter 128 can generate a set of valid values for each functioning node that can be stored in that the same database as operating parameters, or which can be stored separately from the database. In the implementation of the invention, combined sets of operating parameters and permissible values can provide mainly all the requirements for controlling the processing of solid fuels.

In an embodiment of the invention, the processing process may be controlled by operating parameters with a measurement sensor 142 used to determine if the systems for processing the special solid fuel 132 are functioning within the predefined tolerances. Based on the readings of the measurement sensor 142, the operation of a particular system can be adjusted so that it is reduced within the maximum allowable values. It should be added that the operating parameters can be adjusted so that the function of specific systems falls within the predefined limit values. For example, the operating parameter for the microwave system 148 may be adjusted from the initial operating parameter if the measurement sensor 142 shows a value outside any of the two, lower or upper tolerance limits for the microwave system 148. In the implementation of the invention, the database of operating parameters can be changed to there was a regulatory compliance with the operating parameter transferred to the system.

In the implementation of the invention, after the final processing of the solid fuel is completed, the control unit 134 may transfer the permanently changed database operating parameters to the parameter generation unit 128, where the changed operating parameters can be stored. In an embodiment of the invention, stored operating parameters may be associated with stored characteristics of untreated solid fuel that is processed using modified operating parameters. According to this embodiment of the invention, when future unprocessed solid fuel is to be processed, the parameter generation setting 128 may search for a working modified database parameter to find a data set for use as initial operating parameters. In implementations of the invention, a single recorded operating parameter can be found, a series of modified operating parameters can be found, or a set of modified operating parameters can be found, so that the initial operating parameters for processing new raw solid fuel can use the average value or modified operating parameters, the only recording operating parameter, statistical total value of modified working files, or the like.

As described above, after the solid fuel is processed in the solid fuel processing unit 132, the processed solid fuel can be tested at the testing unit 170 to determine the characteristics of the final processed solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the characteristics of the finished fuel can include moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, BTU / lb, BTU / lb MA Free, sulfur formation, grinding characteristic (HGI), total mercury, ash melting point, mineral analysis ash, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, dielectric properties, and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the characteristics of the finally processed solid fuel can be stored in the output parameters of coal 172. In the implementation of the invention, these characteristics can be used to provide feedback to the control device 134 for controlling the processing of solid fuel, can be associated with the required characteristics of coal 122, I can provide data setting pricing / business 178, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, during the solid fuel processing cycle, at least one set of characteristics data of the finally processed coal can be stored in the output parameters of coal 172. As described previously, the characteristics of the finished solid fuel can be transferred to the control unit 134 for consideration when the operational parameters of the solid fuel processing unit 132 have been adjusted. In an embodiment of the invention, the characteristics of the finished solid fuel can be associated with the required characteristics of coal 122 to determine operating parameters for special unprocessed solid fuels.

For example, a parameter 128 generation setup may be required to determine operating parameters for processing a particular untreated solid fuel. Parameter 128 generation facility may search for the desired charcoal 122 characteristics for the final processed solid fuel as a result of pre-processing the selected raw solid fuel. The parameter generation setting 128 can also find the final test characteristics from the solid fuel cycle, which can be produced as a final processed solid fuel. Parameter 128 generation setup may consider all this information when the operating parameters of the raw solid fuel are determined.

In implementations of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may produce a final set of solid fuel characteristics for a plurality of solid fuel samples, provide a final set of technical data for the main solid fuel used by the end-user units, and provide a final set of operating parameters used to convert the raw solid fuel to solid fuel used by the end-user installation, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, summing up the databases may result in generating a plurality of predetermined operating parameters of the solid fuel processing plant 132. A predetermined set of operating parameters can be used for late selection for processing by the processing unit of the operating parameters 132 solid raw fuel for setting the final consumer. In an embodiment of the invention, the databases may be a database, a relational database, an SQL database, a table, a file, a uniform file, an ASCII file, a document, an XML file, or the like. As described above and shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the end-consumer installation may be a coal fuel plant 200, a coal conversion plant 210, a by-product plant 212, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may provide a final set of solid fuel characteristics for a plurality of solid fuel samples from coal sample data 120. In an embodiment of the invention, coal sample data 120 contains information for raw solid fuel that may be available to solid fuel processing unit 132, may contain information for past unprocessed solid fuels that may be used by the solid fuel processing unit 132 or the like. For each untreated solid fuel, there may be more than one data record in the coal sample data 120 resulting from the same solid fuel having a plurality of sample verification results. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may provide final sets of raw solid fuel characteristics based on available raw solid fuel, recently processed raw solid fuel, a set of raw solid fuels selected by the solid fuel processing unit 132, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the resulting raw solid fuel characteristics database may contain a plurality of double entries that contain information from the same solid fuel; multiple double entries may result from multiple samples obtained from the same raw solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the collected database of the characteristics of the raw solid fuel may have several stages. The first step may cover the complete grouping of solid fuel sample data in a final raw solid fuel database. In the second stage, the parameter generation setting 128 may use an algorithm for sorting records, sorting double records, storing the final raw solid fuel database of the storage device, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, double entries may be deleted from the raw solid fuel database, double entries may be averaged, double entries may be statistically selected, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the final raw solid fuel database may contain all raw solid fuel records that can be converted into a final solid fuel consumer installation.

Similarly, the installation information of the end user of solid fuel can be grouped into a database of final processed solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the installation information of the end user of solid fuel can be stored in the database of the required characteristics of coal 122. In the implementation of the invention, the database of the required characteristics of coal 122 may contain information on the characteristics of the finished solid fuel requested by the end-user installations, past information on the characteristics of the previous finished solid fuels, and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the collected databases of the final processed solid fuel can contain many records that contain information related to the same final processed solid fuel; a plurality of double entries may result from a plurality of samples taken from the same final processed solid fuel taken during the processing of solid fuel.

In the implementation of the invention, the grouping of databases of final processed solid fuel can have several stages. The first step may cover the complete grouping of solid fuel sample data in a final raw solid fuel database. In the second stage, the setting for generating parameter 128 can use an algorithm for sorting records, sorting double records, storing the final raw solid fuel database in a storage device, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, double entries may be deleted from the raw solid fuel database, double entries may be averaged, double entries may be statistically selected, or the like. For each untreated solid fuel, there may be more than one data record in the coal sample data 120 resulting from the same solid fuel having a plurality of sample verification results. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may provide final sets of raw solid fuel characteristics based on available raw solid fuel, recently processed raw solid fuel, a set of raw solid fuels selected by the solid fuel processing unit 132, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation facility may use the assembled raw solid fuel database, and the assembled final fuel database to obtain operating parameters used to convert the solid fuel to the final processed solid fuel used by the final consumer installation.

In an embodiment of the invention, operating parameters can be determined by setting parameter generation 128, which selects a record of the raw solid fuel characteristics from the collected raw solid fuel database and brings it into line with each record of the final processed solid fuel database to calculate the operating parameters for each of the corresponding records. In an embodiment of the invention, since the operating parameters are defined for the respective records, the operating parameters may be stored in a collected database of operating parameters. For example, if there are fifty untreated solid fuels in the assembled raw solid fuel database, and one hundred final processed solid fuels in the final assembled solid fuel database, each of the fifty solid fuels can be mapped to each hundred final processed solid fuels to determine working parameters that might be required to convert the raw solid fuel into the required solid fuel. This can result in five hundred records of the final operating parameters.

In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may determine that some solid fuel cannot be converted to a finished solid fuel, and therefore cannot determine operating parameters for the particular respective solid fuels.

In another embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may select records of solid fuel characteristics from the final raw solid fuel database and determine a final processed solid fuel that can be converted by a solid fuel processing unit 132. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may determine operating parameters for each raw solid fuel performance record in the final raw solid fuel database. In the implementation of the invention, the operating parameters can be determined by the operating capabilities of the installation of processing solid fuel 132. In the implementation of the invention, the operating parameters for each record of the characteristics of the raw solid fuel can be stored in the final database of the operating parameter.

In an embodiment of the invention, a setting for generating an operating parameter 128 can determine operating parameters by matching the characteristics of the raw solid fuel with the used ability of the setting for processing solid fuel 132, determining the operating characteristics from the characteristics of the raw solid fuel, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, methods for determining the operating parameter can be used individually or in combination.

In the implementation of the invention, the operating totals can be saved to be selected at a later time for processing raw solid fuel in the installation of the final consumer of solid fuel. In the implementation of the invention, the resulting database of operating parameters may also store information of untreated solid fuel and final processed solid fuel, which were used to create the operating parameters. Therefore, the resulting operational parameter database can include operating parameters, raw solid fuel characteristics, final processed solid fuel characteristics, or the like. The characteristics of the raw solid fuel and the characteristics of the finished solid fuel may include the identification of solid fuel.

In the implementation of the invention, if the installation of the final consumer requires some final processed solid fuel from the solid fuel processing installation, the parameter 128 generation installation can bring the requested characteristics of the final processed solid fuel into one of the final processed solid fuel whose characteristics were stored in the corresponding databases. In the implementation of the invention, matching the required solid fuel to the final consumer installation for the final finished solid fuel may be the best match when using key characteristics, when building the most important characteristics of solid fuel, or the like.

In the implementation of the invention, after finding the correspondence of the requested solid fuel for the installation of the end user, the setting generation parameter 128 can select all possible solid fuels that can be used to create solid fuel for the installation of the end user, can select all possible operating parameters that can be used for creating solid fuel for the end user, or the like. In the implementation of the invention, the use of all of the possible untreated solid fuels can be used to create solid fuel for the end-user installation, while the setting generation parameter 128 can search for coal sample data 120 to determine which (if even any) of the possible untreated solid fuels disposal. In an embodiment of the invention, a parameter 128 generation unit may select raw solid fuel from data 120 of a coal sample of solid fuel that is within a certain tolerance required by raw solid fuel. If at least one of the unprocessed solid fuels is available for the solid fuel processing unit 132, the parameter generation unit 128 may select stored operating parameters that correspond to the selected untreated solid fuel and the final solid fuel consumer setting. The selected operating parameters can be transferred to the control unit 134 and the controller 144 for processing raw solid fuel in the installation of the final consumer of solid fuel.

In the implementation of the invention, the method of cost modeling associated with the processing of solid fuel for a special installation of the end user can be improved by providing a database containing a set of characteristics of solid fuel for many samples of solid fuel, a set of technical data for the main types of solid fuel used by a set of installations of the end user , a set of operating parameters used to convert a sample of solid fuel into basic solid fuel, using used by the end user, a set of costs associated with the implementation of a set of operating parameters, and the like. In the implementation of the invention, the simulated cost price can be used to provide various reports on the cost price, such as an invoice calculated to establish the final consumer of the processed solid fuel, internal costs incurred to compare with the current processing costs, cost / market forecasts, plant efficiency processing solid fuel 132, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the databases may be a database, a relational database, an SQL database, a table, a file, a uniform file, an ASCII file, a document, an XML file, or the like.

In implementations of the invention, the end-user installation may be a coal fuel plant 200, a coal conversion plant 210, a by-product plant 212, or the like.

The solid fuel processing unit 132 may use a method for modeling the market value of the processed solid fuel for a specific end-user installation. In an embodiment of the invention, the end-user plant may require that the solid fuel processing plant process untreated solid fuel to obtain a final processed solid fuel with specific characteristics. The end-user installation may not only indicate the initial solid fuel to be used; the solid fuel processing unit 132 may select an appropriate untreated solid fuel based on the solid fuel characteristics of the end-user installation.

In an embodiment of the invention, the characteristics of the end-user installation can be transferred and stored in the required characteristics of coal 122. The price / business calculation unit may be notified that the characteristics have been transferred to the required characteristics of coal 122.

In an embodiment of the invention, as soon as a notice is received that the characteristics of the solid fuel are obtained, the pricing / business setting 178 may require that the setting generation parameter 128 identify the raw solid fuel for transmitting data to the end-user installation. As described previously, the setting generation parameter 128 can determine the appropriate solid fuel, knowing the required characteristics and capabilities of the solid fuel processing installation 132, by finding past solid fuel processing data, to determine the initial raw solid fuel, by querying a database of possible raw solid fuels , and operating parameters obtained from a predefined database, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, once the parameter generation unit 129 has selected the available unprocessed solid fuel necessary for conversion prior to the installation of the final consumer of solid fuel, the parameter generation unit 128 requests data 120 of the coal sample characteristics for the available unprocessed solid fuel.

In an embodiment of the invention, parameter 128 generation unit may transmit identification and characteristics information for raw solid fuel, identification and characteristics information for solid fuel of the final consumer installation, operating parameters for converting raw solid fuel to solid fuel of the final consumer installation, and transmit the same to the installation price / business costing 178. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may have a database linking to Cost with operating parameters for special solid fuels. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business calculation unit 178 may be able to simulate the operation of the solid fuel processing installation 132, providing virtual processing of the raw solid fuel into solid fuel of the final consumer, using the operating parameters from the setting generation parameter 128. Using the operating parameters, the price / business calculation setting 178 may be able to determine the amount of solid fuel processed over a period of time, the amount of energy expended, the amount used inertly gas, the amount of products extracted from solid fuels, and the like. For example, a simulation may be able to determine tons per hour of produced solid fuel using the obtained operating parameter to set the conveyor speed or the size of a single-mode plant. In another example, the simulation may be able to calculate the required amount of electric power from the microwave systems 148 based on the settings of the operating parameters.

In the implementation of the invention, using operating parameters, modeling a pricing / business setting 178 allows you to determine the market value for the complete conversion of untreated solid fuel into solid fuel of the end-user installation, the instantaneous market value at any time during the conversion of solid fuel, increasing market value added by some from various solid fuel processing plant systems 132, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, a price / business costing unit 178 may simulate a unit for processing solid fuel 132 based on an interface or a computer device. In the implementation of the invention, the user of the interface can present working tools for allowing the user to use the simulation, stop the simulation, pause in the simulation, the simulation conclusions, reverse simulation, perform the simulation in slow mode, perform the simulation in fast mode, focus on a special system, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, focusing on a particular system may provide the user with additional information for a particular system. In the implementation of the invention, the information received from the simulation may be required by the consumer.

In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may be able to provide a report on market value modeling information for the complete conversion of untreated solid fuel into solid fuel of an end-user installation, for instantaneous market value at any time during the conversion of solid fuel, for increasing market value added by various solid fuel processing plant systems, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the report may take the form of a printed report, a report in the form of an image, a document report, a database, a spreadsheet, a file, or the like. Reports can show content, temporary details, system details, or the like.

In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 may have at least one database that contains estimated cost associated with modeling the processing of solid fuels. For example, a database may have electrical indicators for microwave systems 148, costs per cubic foot of inert gases, human resource costs for managing a solid fuel processing plant 132, costs / market value of solid fuel products recovered by a removal system 150, costs / market value solid fuel used and the like. These costs may represent old assumptions in modeling. In an embodiment of the invention, the price / business costing unit 178 can apply the estimated costs to the simulation to determine the cost / market value of the processed solid fuel of the end-user plant.

In an embodiment of the invention, a price / business costing unit 178 using a simulation of a solid fuel processing plant 132 may provide the end-user installation with a pricing calculation of the market value of the required solid fuel processing. The calculation may be based on modeling using operating parameters, cost and market value pricing for operating parameters, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention, the estimated market value pricing may be for a special installation of an end user requesting solid fuel using a special untreated solid fuel.

Despite the fact that the invention has been disclosed in connection with the shown and described in detail preferred implementations, those who are knowledgeable in this technology, various modifications and improvements will be apparent. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples given, and should be construed in the broadest possible sense.

All documents mentioned in the present description are included in its entirety by reference.

Claims (16)

1. A method for purifying solid fuels, comprising: generating an indicator of the difference in the composition of solid fuels by comparing data on the initial sample of solid fuels characterizing solid fuels before processing in a solid fuels purification unit with one or more required characteristics after processing;
determining, based on an indicator of the difference in the composition of the solid fuel, at least one processing operating parameter used by the solid fuel processing unit during processing,
registration of the indicator of pollutants extracted from solid fuel in the process of processing solid fuel,
regulation, based on the registered indicator of pollutants, at least one processing parameter, if the registered indicator of pollutants indicate that one or more of the required characteristics are not achieved;
presentation of at least one operating parameter to the controller and control installation;
determining one or more final characteristics of the solid fuel after processing;
comparing the final characteristics of the solid fuel with the required characteristics, and
sending feedback information characterizing one or more final characteristics to the solid fuel processing plant. 2. The method according to p. 1, further comprising providing a multilayer conveyor belt for moving solid fuel through the processing unit, the multilayer conveyor belt configured to pass the bulk of the microwave energy, the first layer of the conveyor belt being resistant to wear, and the second layer has high temperature resistance . 3. The method according to p. 1, in which the direction of the feedback information comprises checking the solid fuel after processing and sending the information regarding the verification back to the solid fuel purification unit, the verification comprising determining one of the following: percentage moisture, percentage sulfur, percentage of ash, percentage of volatiles, percentage of bound carbon, BTU / 1b (British thermal unit / lb), BTU / 1b MA-Free (Moving average, released), se form s, grindability coefficient Hardgrovu (HGI), total mercury, ash fusion temperatures, ash mineral composition analysis, electromagnetic absorption / reflection, or dielectric constant. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feedback direction comprises receiving one or more final characteristics of the solid fuel after processing from the installation of the verification after processing at the installation of the output parameters of the solid fuel. 5. The method according to p. 4, further comprising comparing one or more characteristics of the solid fuel after processing with the desired characteristic of the solid fuel to determine the regulation of the operating parameter of the processing in the registration unit. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel processing unit is a continuous loading processing unit. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel processing unit is a microwave solid fuel processing unit. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel is coal. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid fuel sample data is retrieved from a database that tracks and stores the characteristics of the raw coal mined and the required characteristics of a particular type of coal or a specific batch of coal. 10. The method according to p. 1, in which the characteristic of solid fuel is the percentage of moisture. 11. The method according to claim 1, in which the emitted pollutants are monitored by sensors for installing solid fuel. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the sensors provide feedback information for adjusting an operational processing parameter. 13. A solid fuel processing plant, comprising:
an input unit adapted to obtain data on an initial solid fuel sample associated with one or more characteristics of the solid fuel to be processed by the solid fuel processing unit and the required solid fuel characteristic;
a comparison unit adapted to compare data on an initial solid fuel sample associated with one or more characteristics with a desired solid fuel characteristic to determine a difference in solid fuel composition;
wherein the solid fuel processing plant is further adapted for processing solid fuel, based at least in part on the difference in the composition of the solid fuel;
at least one sensor adapted to detect an indicator of pollutants emitted from solid fuel during processing of solid fuel;
a processing control unit adapted to control a processing operating parameter in accordance with a feedback signal obtained from at least one sensor and an indicator of pollutants to create a processed solid fuel; and
the verification installation after processing at the installation of the output parameters of the solid fuel, which receives the purified solid fuel, generates one or more characteristics of the processed solid fuel and sends information containing one or more final characteristics of the processed solid fuel back to the installation of processing of solid fuel for subsequent application or regulation, at least one working processing parameter. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the solid fuel processing unit is a microwave solid fuel processing unit. 15. The device according to p. 13, in which the solid fuel is coal. 16. The device according to claim 13, further comprising a multilayer conveyor belt for transporting solid fuel through the processing unit, the multilayer conveyor belt configured to pass the bulk of the microwave energy, the first layer of the conveyor belt being resistant to wear and the second layer has high temperature resistance.

Images