RU2558031C1 - Steam-gas generator for production of oil and gas condensate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.SUBSTANCE: steam-gas generator for production of oil and gas condensate comprises a closed cabin with steam-gas generator mounted on the gate connected in series to adapter, tubing head, adapter and casing head of the injecting well at the deposit. Besides the generator comprises gas turbine with ejector and regenerator, piston-type compressor, electric board and electric generator coupled to gas turbine. At that the closed cabin with a door and lifting eyes comprises radiator and blower with electric motor in order to cool cooling fluid in combustion chamber of the steam-gas generator, supports with retractable rods for mounting at concrete base, water and fuel tanks placed at the cabin walls, gate couple at one side to piston-type compressor and on the other side to regenerator air duct, gas turbine placed at the cabin roof. The steam-gas generator comprises combustion chamber complete with a jacket for recirculation of cooling fluid in space between walls, with a cover and inlet valve for compressed air heated in the regenerator up to temperature of 600-700°C, outlet valve for discharge of exhaust gas to ejector and gas turbine with outlet pipe connected to inlet pipe of the regenerator or to outlet valve with tube. At that the valve gear includes a cylinder with valve piston and spring having a channel for inlet under the valve piston of compressed air from receiver equipped with return valve coupled to the piston-type compressor. Cylinder has openings for discharge of combustion products into circular cylindrical channel with nozzles installed there for injection of water and generation of stream-gas mixture. The combined nozzle comprises a body with tubes to deliver electrically conducting fluid, which are connected to cylindrical channels placed inside the body in the layer of electrically insulating material in parallel to fuel nozzle; at one side of the tubes there are electrodes connected to pulse generator and on the other side there nozzles directed at angle towards each other and interconnected by blasting chamber of the nozzle with orifice. At that regenerator for compressed air heating is made with start-up fuel nozzle, blower and electric motor.EFFECT: increased oil recovery of the deposit reservoirs.6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of oil and gas condensate production by displacing them from the vapor channels of a deposit with a gas-vapor mixture with high temperature parameters in the range of 300-600 ° C and pressure up to 60-80 MPa.

To increase oil recovery, water or gas is currently being injected into the reservoir under high pressure, while the oil recovery coefficient is on average 0.5. To increase the oil washing properties of water, surfactants / surfactants are added to it or water is saturated with carbon dioxide, which, when using a surfactant, increases oil recovery by 10-30%. However, to obtain a surfactant, the same oil is required, as a result, the energy efficiency is only about 10% / cm. V.V. Alekseev. "Ecology and Economics of Energy", Physics, Knowledge, 6/90, pp. 25-26 /.

The increase in oil recovery is also achieved by injection into the reservoir of hot water or water vapor, while the vapor has a better displacing ability. When oil is displaced by liquefied hydrocarbon gases or high pressure gases, they are mixed, a decrease in capillary forces and an increase in oil recovery / cm. I.V. Eliyashevsky. "Technology of oil and gas production", Moscow: Nedra, 1985, pp. 165-168 /.

The disadvantage of water impact on productive formations is that this does not ensure the complete extraction of geological oil reserves, more than half remains in the bowels, and up to 85% of explored reserves / cm in viscous oil fields. V.V. Alekseev. "Ecology and Economics of Energy", Physics, Knowledge, 6/90, pp. 25-26 /.

The well-known "Complex for the extraction of groundwater and land reclamation" according to the patent No. 2442859 of 02/20/2012. In this invention, it is proposed to displace oil and gas condensate using combined-cycle generators generating a combined-gas mixture with high temperature and pressure / cm parameters. p. 21 /.

The well-known single-chamber steam-gas generator according to patent No. 2442859 is the closest analogue prototype, as it contains features that match the features of the claimed invention, in particular:

- a gas-vapor generator is made with a combustion chamber, a cover and combined nozzles connected to a valve mechanism.

A disadvantage of the known combined-cycle generator is that in it the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber are released into the atmosphere, which significantly reduces the efficiency, and it is open.

In this regard, in the proposed design of a steam-gas generator for oil and gas condensate:

- a closed cabin with a door and mounting loops contains a radiator and a fan with an electric motor for cooling the coolant of the gas-vapor generator combustion chamber, supports with retractable rods for installation on a concrete base, water and fuel tanks installed on the walls of the cabin, a valve connected on one side with a piston compressor, and on the other with a regenerator duct, a gas turbine located on the roof of the cabin,

- a gas-vapor generator, comprises a combustion chamber equipped with a jacket for circulation in the inter-wall space of the coolant, with a lid placed on it with an inlet valve for inlet of compressed air heated in the regenerator to a temperature of 600-700 ° C, an exhaust valve for discharging exhaust gases into the ejector and a gas turbine with an outlet nozzle connected to the inlet of the regenerator, or an outlet valve with a nozzle connected to the valve and the inlet of the regenerator and the nozzle for injecting a hydrocarbon fuel or with a combined nozzle connected by means of a conical part to a valve mechanism mounted on a valve of an injection well,

wherein the valve mechanism includes a cylinder with a piston-valve and a spring having a channel for inlet under the piston-valve of compressed air from a receiver equipped with a check valve connected to the piston compressor,

the cylinder contains windows for the release of combustion products into the annular cylindrical channel, with nozzles installed therein for injecting water and forming a gas-vapor mixture with a temperature of 300-600 ° C,

the combined nozzle comprises a housing with nozzles for supplying electrically conductive fluid, connected to cylindrical channels located inside the housing in a layer of insulating material, parallel to the placement of the fuel nozzle, on one side of which electrodes are connected to the pulse generator, and nozzles directed at an angle are made on the other to each other and communicating with the explosive chamber of the nozzle having a nozzle,

the regenerator for heating compressed air to a temperature of 600-700 ° C on the exhaust gases of a gas turbine is made with a starting fuel nozzle, a fan and an electric motor.

The above set of essential features during implementation ensures the achievement of the goal, while each of this set of characteristics is necessary, and all together are sufficient to obtain a positive effect - a significant increase in oil recovery of productive formations by injecting a gas-vapor mixture with high temperature and pressure parameters into the formation.

Based on the above arguments, the conclusion about the conformity of the claimed technical solution to the criterion of the invention "inventive step" is completely legitimate.

The given set of essential features can be implemented many times in practice with the same goal.

The repeated possibility of implementation in the manufacture of the claimed technical solution with the above set of essential features also fully meets another main criterion of the invention "industrial applicability".

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, in which:

- in FIG. 1 shows a steam-gas generator in longitudinal section placed on devices connected to an injection well, as well as a gas turbine with an ejector and an electric generator and a regenerator;

- in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an intake valve assembly “H”;

- in FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through 1-1, showing the cabin and the combined-cycle generator located in it;

- in FIG. 4 shows a cross section through 2-2;

- in FIG. 5 shows a combined nozzle in longitudinal section;

- in FIG. Figure 6 shows a 3-3 view of a combined nozzle and pulse generator circuits connected to the nozzle electrodes.

Combined-cycle generator for the extraction of oil and gas condensate, contains a combustion chamber 1 with a conical part 2 and a cover / head / 3, in which a nozzle 4 for injecting liquid hydrocarbon fuel-diesel fuel / diesel fuel / is installed, and also an intake valve 5 for supplying it is placed compressed air through the pipe 6 into the combustion chamber 1 and the exhaust valve 7 for exhausting the exhausted burnt gases / products of combustion / through the pipe 8. The combustion chamber has a jacket 9 for circulation in the inter-wall space of the coolant - water / or in In some cases, liquid alkali metals can serve as cooling fluid /, while it is connected via a flange 10 to a valve mechanism 11, inside which a cylinder 12 is located, with a piston-valve 13 placed therein, resting on a spring 14. The blanked part of the cylinder 12 has a channel 15 with a nozzle 16 for supplying compressed air under the piston-valve 13. The nozzle 16 is connected to a receiver 17 / buffer tank / having a nozzle 18 and a check valve 19. An annular cylindrical is formed between the walls of the valve mechanism 11 and the cylinder 12 channel 20. The valve mechanism 11 has a flange 21, with which it, together with the combustion chamber 1, is installed on the injection well 22 of an oil or gas condensate field, with the placement of the necessary auxiliary devices, in particular, a valve 23, an adapter 24, a pipe head 25, an adapter 26 mounted on the column head 27 of the injection well 22, in which the tubing / tubing / 28 is located. Perforation zone 29. The valve mechanism 11 has nozzles 30 for injecting water and cooling the product in combustion, to form a cylindrical annular duct 20 the gas-vapor mixture to a temperature of about 300-600 ° C, which is adjusted by changing the amount of water injection nozzles 30. Windows 31 are made in cylinder 12 for releasing incandescent combustion products into an annular cylindrical channel 20, in which they are mixed with water jets injected by nozzles 30 to form a gas-vapor mixture / gas-vapor mixture with a given temperature /.

The inlet valve 5 and the exhaust valve 7 are cylindrical in the form of plungers / spools / with a central through hole 32 for passing compressed air or exhaust products of combustion. Channel 33 is made in the cover 3. Valves 5 and 7 have a plate 34, on which the spring 35 rests on one side and on the bracket 36 on the other. A solenoid 37 is installed on top of the bracket 36, in which the cylindrical valve enters the central hole and serves already anchor of the solenoid.

To protect it from atmospheric precipitation and impacts, a gas-vapor generator is placed in a closed cabin 38, having supports 39 with retractable rods 40, resting on a concrete base 41. A tank 42 for water and a tank 43 for fuel / diesel fuel / are installed on the walls of the cabin. A table 44 is mounted on the gas-vapor generator itself, on which the electronic control unit 45 is located, pumps 46 for supplying water to nozzles 30 with an electric motor and gearbox 47 and a fuel pump 48 with an electric motor and gearbox 49. A valve 51 for compressed air is installed on the side of the cab on brackets 50 coming from a high-pressure piston compressor, up to 20 MPa, with a capacity of up to 100 m ³ / min / the compressor is installed on the chassis of a KAMAZ / type automobile.

The cabin 38 has a door 52, and on the opposite side there is a radiator 53, a fan 54 driven by an electric motor 55. The cabin is equipped with mounting loops 56.

The gas-vapor generator has a regenerator 57, in which the compressed air from the valve 51 with a low temperature is heated to a temperature of 600-700 ° C and flows through the inlet valve 5 into the combustion chamber 1. This ensures the evaporation of the fuel injected into it by the nozzle 4 and the combustion generated in the chamber combustion of 1 combustible mixture, with the implementation of a working process similar to the working process carried out in compression ignition engines / diesels /. On the compressed air side, the regenerator is made three-way, and on the gas side - one-way / cm. I.I. Kirillov. “Gas turbines and gas turbine installations”, Mashgiz, M., 1956, pp. 107-109 / 1 //.

The regenerator comprises a housing 58 in which thin tubes 59 are installed for the passage of compressed air, on the one hand connected to an air duct 60 through which compressed air is supplied for heating, and on the other hand they are connected to a cap 61 from which compressed air is heated to a predetermined temperature through the pipeline goes to the combustion chamber of a gas-vapor generator through a pipe 6.

Heating of compressed air in the regenerator 57 is carried out at the stage of starting the combined cycle gas generator with the help of the starting fuel injector 62, which has a fuel tank and a pump (not shown in the drawing), fan 63 and electric motor 64.

In order to use the energy of the exhaust products of combustion, the gas-vapor generator additionally has a gas turbine 65 connected to an electric generator 66 connected to an electric panel 67.

To reduce the temperature of the burnt gases in front of the gas turbine 65, an ejector 68 is installed, containing an operating nozzle 69 connected to the outlet pipe 8 of the combined-cycle generator. The mixing chamber 70 of the ejector, the pipe 71 for entry into it of atmospheric air. The guide and straightening apparatuses 72 of a gas turbine having an outlet pipe 73, a valve 74 mounted on a connecting pipe of the outlet pipe of the gas turbine with a regenerator 57, which is equipped with an inlet pipe 75 for burned gases and an outlet pipe 76 for discharging exhaust gases into the atmosphere.

The combined-cycle generator operates as follows.

An electric motor 64, a fan 63 and a fuel pump of the nozzle 62, which injects fuel into it (for example, diesel fuel or fuel oil), are ignited from an external source of electric power / a storage battery or a gasoline-engine generator /, with ignition of the resulting combustible mixture in the inlet pipe 75 of the regenerator 57.

At the same time, a high-pressure compressor P = 200 kg / cm ² , or 20 MPa, starts, the compressed air from which flows to the valve 51 and from it is sent to the regenerator duct 60. The compressed air in the tubes of the regenerator 59 is heated by the burnt gases due to the operation of the starting fuel nozzle 62 to a temperature of 600-700 ° C, with the exhaust gases being released into the atmosphere through the outlet pipe 76, while the compressed air heated in the tubes 59 from the cap 61 enters through the pipe 6 in the open intake valve 5, driven by the solenoid 37 using the automation system of the electronic unit 45 and the corresponding sensors / not shown in the drawing /, into the combustion chamber 1. Turning on the fuel injector 4 using the auto system Atiki performed after entering the combustion chamber heated compressed air, which leads to formation of a combustible mixture by evaporation diesel / diesel / and its combustion. In this case, the intake valve 5 is closed, which is done by disconnecting the solenoid 37 from the electric power source using an automation system.

The burnt gases in the combustion chamber 1 with high temperature parameters, about 100-200 K, and a pressure of 60-80 MPa, with a compressed air pressure of P = 20 MPa / cm. A.S. Khachiyan. "Internal combustion engines". Higher School, M., 1978, pp. 70-83 / 2 //. they expand, while the piston-valve 13 compresses the spring 14 and opens the windows 31 in the cylinder 12, with the release of hot combustion products into the annular cylindrical channel 20, into which water is injected using nozzles 30, with the formation of a gas-vapor mixture with a temperature of 300-600 ° C .

Gas-vapor mixture with high pressure parameters P ₁ = 60-80 MPa and temperature T = 300-600 ° C enters through the valve 23 into the tubing 28 / tubing / and injection well 22 and is pumped through the perforation zone 29 into the pore channels of the oil reservoir or a reservoir of a gas condensate field.

The following working cycles are carried out with a frequency of about 100 cycles / s, and after the first working stroke of the gas-vapor generator, electricity is supplied to the solenoid 37 of the exhaust valve 7, which is drawn into it by compressing the spring 35, and the hole, using an automation system (not shown in the drawing) it 32 is combined with the channel 33, so that the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 1 exit to the ejector 68 through the working nozzle 69. However, the piston-valve 13 is returned to its original position using the spring 14 and the pressure of the compressed air, post falling into the cylinder 12 from the main compressor through the pipe 16, the receiver 17, the check valve 19 and the pipe 18, and closes the window 31. In this design of a gas-vapor generator on the piston-valve / hereinafter simply the "valve" / from the back side the spring elastic force 14 and the pressure of the compressed air coming from the main compressor with a pressure of P = 20 MPa, due to the high pressure of the compressed air in the combustion chamber 1. This completes the first working cycle of the combined cycle gas generator.

The cooled ejector 68, which entered the ejector when the blades of the gas turbine are cooled, is not required, while the exhaust products of combustion directly from the nozzle 8 are directed to the turbine 65 / the burnt gases with high temperature and pressure exit through the working nozzle 69, and then atmospheric is sucked into the nozzle 71 air, which is mixed in the chamber 70, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the gases in front of the turbine 65 and its normal operation in a given temperature range - 700-900 ° C. The exhaust gases from the exhaust pipe 73 enter the inlet pipe 75 of the regenerator, give off heat and heat the compressed air in the tubes 59, which is used in a gas-vapor generator with a temperature of 600-700 ° C. Again, using the automation system, electricity is supplied to the solenoid 37 of the intake valve 5, with which the valve 5 is drawn into it, the spring 35 is compressed and the hole 32 in the valve is aligned with the channel 33, so that it is compressed and heated to a temperature of 600-700 ° C air enters the combustion chamber 1, which leads to the repetition of the operating cycles of the combined cycle gas generator with a frequency of about 100 cycles / sec and the operation of the exhaust gas regenerator 57, while the starting nozzle 62, fan 63 and electric motor 64 are switched off.

In order to simplify the design of the combined-cycle generator for heating compressed air in the regenerator 57, the exhaust gases from the pipe 8 can be directly directed into it through the valve 77.

However, the use of the energy of exhaust gases in a turbine 65 with an electric generator 66 provides a significant reduction in fuel consumption for own needs of oil or gas condensate production, using the electric power from the electric generator 66 for servicing a gas-vapor generator and producing compressed air using an additional or main compressor.

Thus, the operation of a steam-gas generator in an injection well (s) / 22 with a frequency of 1 about 100 cycles / sec ensures the injection of a gas-condensate gas-vapor mixture with a high temperature - T = 300-600 ° C and pressure P ₁ = into the oil reservoir or production reservoir 60-80 MPa, which can be regulated over a wide range of temperature and pressure by changing the amount of fuel with nozzle 4 and water with nozzles 30. The vapor-gas mixture passes through the perforation zone 29 in the injection channel (s) / well / s / into the pore channel It leads to the production of reservoirs with oil or gas condensate and displaces them into production wells, and at high permeability of the oil reservoir, these wells can gush, which greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of oil production. At the same time, penetrating into a productive formation with oil, a gas-vapor mixture with high temperature and pressure parameters heats it strongly, providing a significant increase in the fluidity of the oil and a significant increase in the oil recovery coefficient, compared, for example, with the displacement of oil by water under high pressure or compressed air coming from the compressor station / cm. I.V. Eliyashevsky. "Technology of oil and gas production", Nedra, Moscow, 1983, pp. 122-168 / 3 //.

However, the extraction of oil or its residual reserves at the developed fields does not end there.

There comes a breakthrough of a gas-vapor mixture with high temperature and pressure into production wells, which leads to evaporation of adhering oil to the walls of the pore channels of the reservoir, mixing of oil vapor with a gas-vapor mixture / vapor / gas, the mixture escapes into production wells, with vapor separation into fractions on the surface by condensation due to cooling with water or air. Thus, during the operation of steam-gas generators in injection wells / one injection well for four production wells with areal injection of a gas-vapor mixture into a reservoir with oil or gas condensate /, see 3, pp. 167-168 /, all geological oil reserves are extracted and gas condensate, which is unattainable for all currently known artificial methods of influencing oil reservoirs or reservoirs with gas condensate / cm. 3, pp. 165-168 and S. Khaitov. "Fuel? Raw materials? - Gas: the practice of rational use", Knowledge, Technique, 1984/5, p. 62, - "according to the company" John Brown sabsi ", 1983/4 //.

The high temperature of the gas-vapor mixture, from 300 to 600 ° C, provides heating of oil in the reservoir and its evaporation, due to which an oil recovery coefficient approaching 1 is reached, whereas now it does not exceed 0.5 / cm. 3, p. 122 /.

At the same time, the high temperature of the gas-vapor mixture injected into the reservoir ensures the underground pyrolysis of the oil, with access to the surface at the second stage of oil production, when the gas-vapor mixture with a temperature of about 600 ° C breaks into the producing wells of a hydrocarbon mixture, with their separation on the surface with the help of technology known in science into fractions, with the production of gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil and other materials, which will significantly reduce the cost of petroleum products.

In addition, the intermittent workflow of a steam-gas generator with a frequency of about 100 cycles / sec has a significant influence on the extraction of oil from a reservoir with a high oil recovery coefficient, which leads to the propagation of low-frequency elastic waves with high intensity propagating over a large area. With an appropriate location of the oscillation source on the reservoir, the reservoir is excited at its own frequency, due to this, the effects of cavitation and acoustic flows appear in the oil, which lead to the formation of bubbles and boiling in it, which significantly increases the oil recovery coefficient.

With the help of a steam-gas generator automation system, it is possible to change the frequency of working processes - from several to 100 cycles / sec and achieve a coincidence of the frequency of a steam-gas generator with the natural frequency of oil reservoir vibrations, which will lead to resonance of the liquid phase in the reservoir, cavitation and increased oil recovery. Another additional advantage of using gas-vapor generators for oil and gas condensate production is that the combustion products contain carbon dioxide - CO ₂ , which mixes with oil in the reservoir, which leads to a decrease in its viscosity and increases the oil recovery of the reservoir.

Note that with a decrease in the frequency of working processes of a gas-vapor generator, the temperature of heating the compressed air in the regenerator 57 decreases. To maintain it at a given level - 600-700 ° C / cm. 2, p. 38, tab. 11.2, and p. 83, tab. 11.3 / includes starting fuel injector 62, fan 63 and motor 64.

Installation of a combined cycle generator

The gas-vapor generator is placed in a closed cabin 38 and is put on the valve 23 of the injection well 22 and the concrete base 41 using supports 39 with retractable rods 40, which ensure accuracy / horizontalness / installation of the gas-vapor generator during their rotation. The cooling water of the combustion chamber of a gas-vapor generator passes through a radiator 53, in which its temperature drops to normal, which is facilitated by the operation of the fan 54. The steam-gas generator is adjusted at the injection well with the operator with the door 52 open.

A gas turbine 65 with an electric generator 66 and an ejector 68 is mounted on the roof of a closed cabin 38 / not shown in the drawing /.

Design and operation features of a combined cycle gas generator

It was noted above that two forces act on the piston-valve 13 — the spring force 14 and the pressure of the compressed air coming from the main compressor with a pressure of P = 20 MPa. In order to protect the compressor from pressure fluctuations in the compressed air line, a check valve 19 is installed in the receiver 17.

The regenerator 57 is insulated from the outside with heat-insulating material-asbestos and mineral wool and is protected by a sheath made of steel sheets, which is especially important when operating steam-gas generators in the autumn-winter period.

The use of a regenerator for the operation of a combined cycle gas generator provides a transition from one type of fuel - diesel fuel to another, such as gasoline. In other words, a gas-vapor generator becomes multi-fuel, up to the use of fuel oil or refined oil from the field itself. This is achieved by regulating the temperature of heating the compressed air using heat from the exhaust gases of a gas turbine 65, with a temperature of 600-700 ° C and up to a temperature of 300-350 ° C. In this case, the gas-vapor generator can operate both in diesel fuel and gasoline, with an additional installation when working on gasoline spark ignition used on internal combustion engines / ICE /. The temperature regulation of the exhaust gases of a gas turbine is carried out by replacing the valve 74 with a plug 3-way valve, with which part of the exhaust gases with high temperature is sent to the inlet pipe 75 of the regenerator, and the rest to the atmosphere. When burning fuel oil with a high ignition temperature, the starting nozzle 62 is additionally turned on.

In order to simplify the design and maintenance of the combined cycle gas generator, instead of the conventional fuel injector 4, the combined nozzle of FIG. 5, 6 / cm. patent No. 2442859 dated 02.20.2012 /, in which electric explosions of jets of electrically conductive liquid are carried out at a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C, due to which the fuel injected into the explosion chamber of the nozzle instantly evaporates and thermally decomposes into molecules and atoms to form a gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and conductive fluid jets involved in an electric explosion. In this case, thermal dissociation of any type of fuel is carried out, regardless of its viscosity and evaporation temperature, which makes it possible to use almost all known types of fuel for operation of a gas-vapor generator and, thus, significantly reduce the cost of extracting oil or gas condensate. At the same time, the use of the energy of exhaust gases on a gas turbine 65 and regenerator 57, as well as when using a conventional fuel nozzle, can significantly increase the efficiency of a combined cycle gas generator.

The combined nozzle comprises a housing 78, inside of which in the layer of insulating material 79 cylindrical channels 80 and 81 are placed, having nozzles 82 and 83 on one side, angled to each other, and electrodes 84 and 85 on the other. In the center there is a fuel nozzle 86 Pipes 87 and 88 are connected to cylindrical channels 80 and 81 and to pumps for supplying electrically conductive liquid / not shown /. An explosion chamber 89 having a nozzle 90. A flange for attaching the nozzle 91.

The electrodes 84 and 85 are connected to a pulse generator / GI /, the circuit diagram of which includes a capacitor 92, a resistor 93, an AC rectifier 94 in constant / cm. B.A. Artamonov. "Electrophysical and electrochemical methods of processing materials," Higher School. T. 2, M., 1983, pp. 100-103 and pp. 91-100 / 5 /, as well as B.A. Artamonov. "Dimensional electrical processing of metals", Higher school, M., 1978, p. 50/6 //. In the combined nozzle of the electrodes 84, 85, as well as the cylindrical channels 80 and 81, there can be one, two, three pairs or more. The electrodes 95 and 96, placed in cylindrical channels / not shown in the drawing / perpendicular to the first, are used to carry out electrical explosions of the jets and ignition of the combustible mixture. They are connected to a pulse generator / GI / containing a capacitor 97, a resistor 98, a rectifier 99.

The jets of the electrically conductive liquid 100 and 101, the area of their contact 102, the jet of fuel 103.

Concentrated aqueous solutions of strong electrolytes with a high concentration based on acids, bases and salts, as well as suspensions of powders or powder of metals, graphite in an electrolyte solution and, in some cases, liquid metals, serve as electrically conductive liquids of jets 100, 101.

The combined nozzle works as follows.

Electrically conductive liquid is supplied from the pumps / not shown in the drawing / to the nozzles 87 and 88, cylindrical channels 80 and 81, which flows into the blast chamber 89 in the form of jets 100 and 101. At the same time, electric power is supplied from an external source to the pulse generator 92-94 and fuel, for example diesel fuel, is injected from the nozzle 86 in the form of jets 103. When the jets 100 and 101 are in contact in the zone 102, the discharge circuit of the pulse generator and the capacitor 92 / or the capacitor bank / are discharged. In this case, the discharge current flowing through the circuit, the electrodes 84 and 85, the electrically conductive liquid in the cylindrical channels 80 and 81, nozzles 82 and 83 instantly heats the jets, with the formation of an electric explosion at a temperature that can vary in the range of / 2-5 / × 10 ⁴ K / cm. 5, p. 72 /. The energy stored in the capacitor depends on the capacitance and voltage: - A = CU ^2/2 / cm. 6, p. 50 /. The diameter of the jets is about 0.1-0.2 mm, the diameter of the cylindrical channels is 10-12 mm or more. An electric explosion of jets 100 and 101 leads to the formation of plasma / cm. 5, p. 101 /, heating and instantaneous evaporation of fuel jets 103 at a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C. At this temperature, an electrically conductive liquid, for example, a suspension of aluminum or graphite powder in an aqueous electrolyte solution, thermally dissociates with decomposition into -2H ₂ O → 2H ₂ + O ₂ / cm. N.L. Glinka, "General Chemistry", Chemistry, L., 1980, p. 211/7 // and electrolyte fragments, with the formation of hydrogen and oxygen / explosive gas /, and fuel - diesel fuel - due to the high temperature of the electric the explosion of the jets 100, 101 decomposes into carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which leads to the formation in the blast chamber 89 of a combined nozzle of a gaseous combustible mixture with high pressure and temperature, which is ejected from the nozzle 90 in the form of a jet into the combustion chamber 1 of a gas-vapor generator and mixed with compressed air heated to a temperature of 600-700 ° C in egeneratore 57 to form a combustible mixture and its combustion.

Repeated electrical explosions of the jets 100, 101, as well as the evaporation and thermal dissociation of the fuel jets 103 are carried out due to repeated operating cycles of the pumps for injection of electrically conductive liquid and fuel / not shown in the drawing /.

For operation of a gas-vapor generator on gasoline and low pressure of compressed air, the ignition of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 1 is carried out by electric explosion of the jets located perpendicular to the main jets 100 and 101 / not shown in the drawing /, arising from nozzles of cylindrical channels having electrodes 95 and 96, connected to the pulse generator - capacitor 97, resistor 98, rectifier 99. Repeated electrical explosions of these jets with the ignition of the combustible mixture are also carried out due to the pressure of the pump o conductive fluid in the combi nozzle.

It should be noted that regardless of the use of a conventional nozzle 4 on a gas-vapor generator or a jet of electrically conductive liquid combined with electric explosions, the use of exhaust gas energy on a gas turbine 65 and regenerator 57 provides high efficiency.

At the same time, when working on gasoline in both designs of a combined cycle gas generator with a conventional or combined nozzle, the pressure of compressed air coming from the reciprocating compressor should be much lower than when working on diesel / diesel fuel / or fuel oil.

Features of the combined cycle gas generator.

1. Due to the operation of the combined nozzle with electric explosions of jets 100-101, gaseous fuel is generated in the blast chamber 89 from any type of hydrocarbon fuel injected in the form of a jet 103 at a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C, while the products of thermal dissociation of the electrically conductive liquid jets 100- 101 in the form of hydrogen, oxygen and fragments of an electrolyte and powder or powder, suspensions of metals or graphite are also chemically active fuel. As a result, a mixture of gaseous fuels under high pressure is "shot" from the nozzle 90 of the combined nozzle into the combustion chamber 1 and is completely mixed with a charge of compressed air / both are gases /, forming a chemically active combustible mixture. As a result, the gas-vapor generator becomes multi-fuel, and the temperature of heating the compressed air in the regenerator 57 can be reduced to 350-500 ° C, which depends on the type of fuel used: diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, various mixtures of hydrocarbons and fuel oil.

2. The use of a combined nozzle with the implementation of additional electric explosions of the jets using the electrodes 95 and 96, the pulse generator 97-99 provides ignition of any combustible mixture due to the formation of a powerful torch emerging from the nozzle of the nozzle during electric explosions of these jets of electrically conductive liquid.

In this case, ignition of lean fuel mixtures is achieved, which reduces fuel consumption by 20-30%. Currently, flare ignition of a combustible mixture is used in passenger cars powered by gasoline ICEs, with a significant reduction in fuel consumption.

We also note that the energy spent on electric explosions of jets of an electrically conductive liquid in a gas-vapor generator is not lost, since additional work is done due to the expansion and subsequent combustion of the products of thermal dissociation in the form of hydrogen and oxygen.

Technical and economic part

Currently, in the development of oil fields, in most cases, oil is produced only using reservoir pressure, which allows extracting from the reservoir up to 25-28% of all its geological reserves. When developing viscous oil, only about 15% / cm is recovered. V.V. Alekseev. "Ecology and Economics of Energy", Knowledge. Physics, Moscow, 6/90, pp. 25-26 / 5 //.

To increase oil recovery, artificial methods are used to influence oil reservoirs by injecting water or gas into the reservoir, while the oil recovery coefficient is on average 0.5 / cm. 3, p. 122, 165-168 /. Additional methods used to displace oil from the reservoir are: 1) improving the oil leaching properties of the water injected into the reservoir, 2) thermal, 3) the displacement of oil from the reservoir by liquids or gases miscible with it.

In addition, recently began to apply new technologies and methods of influencing oil reservoirs, for example, vibrational, seismic-acoustic, horizontal drilling wells, due to which oil recovery increases, but not significantly.

A new artificial method of influencing oil reservoirs by working on injection wells of steam-gas generators, which ensure injection of a vapor-gas mixture into a reservoir with a pressure of up to 60-80 MPa and a temperature of 300-600 ° C, allows almost all geological oil reserves to be extracted using the effect on oil / s / layer / s /:

1. High pressure vapor-gas mixture, ensuring its penetration into the pore channels of the reservoir with low-porous rocks, like "pistons".

2. The high temperature of the vapor-gas mixture, which leads to strong heating of the reservoir with oil, its dilution and boiling, and subsequently, when the vapor-gas mixture breaks into production wells, evaporation of the adhered oil to the walls of the pore channels. As a result, almost all geological oil reserves are recovered.

3. The intermittent workflow of a steam-gas generator with a frequency of about 100 cycles / s with injection of a vapor-gas mixture with high temperature and pressure parameters ensures the propagation of high-intensity seismic acoustic waves in the oil reservoir, which contribute to the occurrence of cavitation and acoustic flows in the oil, which leads to fluid boiling and enhanced oil recovery.

4. The presence of carbon dioxide in the combustion products of a combined cycle gas generator ensures a decrease in the viscosity of oil and increases the oil recovery of the reservoir.

Thus, the combined effect on the reservoir of these four forces makes it possible to almost completely recover all the geological reserves of oil or gas condensate, which is not available for all currently known artificial methods of influencing oil reservoirs.

At the same time, due to the high pressure and high temperature of the gas-vapor mixture, oil and gas condensate are extracted in the fields:

1) with low permeability layers;

2) with low porosity layers;

3) with reservoirs with low reservoir pressure;

4) with strata with viscous, paraffin and resinous oil;

5) with "old" low-yield wells, which number up to 250,000 in the country.

In addition, gas-vapor generators can be used to increase the production rate both in newly drilled wells and to restore the production rate of "old" wells. The injection into the reservoir with oil or gas condensate of a gas-vapor mixture with a frequency of about 100 cycles / sec, having high pressure and temperature, provides an increase in the number and size of drainage channels and an increase in fracturing of rocks. When carrying out work to increase the flow rate of wells, it is periodically discharged into the atmosphere or into a special tank through a vapor-gas mixture with particles of rock surrounding the bottom-hole formation zone (PZP) through the valves of the pipe head 25.

In other words, at the stage of operation of a combined cycle gas generator to increase the flow rate of wells, its efficiency is much greater than the known methods carried out by vibration exposure on the borehole part of the reservoir using: a / hydraulic vibrators; b / ultrasonic vibrators; in / electric vibrators, for example, working on the principle of "wire explosion"; g / hydrodynamic vibrators in which an electric discharge is used with 2 pistons / cm moving towards each other. 3, pp. 168-179 /.

An increase in the efficiency of the steam-gas generator impact on the bottomhole formation zone with an increase in well production is ensured by the high pressure and temperature of the gas-vapor mixture, as well as the high penetration of the "gas" into the pore channels of the reservoir compared to, for example, liquid.

At the same time, combined-cycle generators can be used: 1. To increase the flow rate of low-rate artesian wells. 2. To increase the coefficient of water loss during fresh water production from depths up to 300-500 m and under river and lake channels, both active and dried. 3. For cleaning steel and cast-iron water pipes from adhering dirt and rust, as well as their disinfection at a temperature of a gas-vapor mixture of ~ 200 ° C.

Claims (1)

A gas-vapor generator for oil and gas condensate production contains a closed cabin with a gas-vapor generator installed in it, located on a valve that is connected in series with an adapter, a pipe head, an adapter and a column head of an injection well, a gas turbine with an ejector and a regenerator for heating compressed air to a temperature 600-700 ° C, a reciprocating compressor with a pressure of up to 20 MPa and a capacity of up to 100 m ³ / min, an electrical panel and an electric generator connected to a gas turbine,
the enclosed cabin with a door and mounting loops contains a radiator and a fan with an electric motor for cooling the coolant of the gas-vapor generator combustion chamber, supports with retractable rods for installation on a concrete base, water and fuel tanks located on the walls of the cabin, a valve connected to one parties with a reciprocating compressor, and on the other with a regenerator duct, a gas turbine located on the roof of the cabin,
the gas-vapor generator contains a combustion chamber equipped with a jacket for circulation in the inter-wall space of the coolant, with a lid placed on it with an inlet valve for inlet of compressed air heated in the regenerator to a temperature of 600-700 ° C, an exhaust valve for discharging exhaust gases into the ejector and gas turbine with an outlet nozzle connected to the inlet of the regenerator, or an outlet valve with a nozzle connected to the valve and the inlet of the regenerator and the nozzle for injecting hydrocarbon t Pliva or combined nozzle connected via a conical part with a valve mechanism mounted on the gate valve of the injection well,
wherein the valve mechanism includes a cylinder with a piston-valve and a spring having a channel for inlet under the piston-valve of compressed air from a receiver equipped with a check valve connected to the piston compressor,
the cylinder contains windows for the release of combustion products into the annular cylindrical channel, with nozzles installed therein for injecting water and forming a gas-vapor mixture with a temperature of 300-600 ° C,
the combined nozzle comprises a housing with nozzles for supplying electrically conductive fluid, connected to cylindrical channels located inside the housing in a layer of insulating material, parallel to the placement of the fuel nozzle, on one side of which electrodes are connected to the pulse generator, and nozzles directed at an angle are made on the other nozzles communicating with the explosive chamber having a nozzle, while a regenerator for heating compressed air to a temperature of 600-700 ° C on exhaust azah gas turbine configured to trigger a fuel nozzle, a fan and motor.

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