RU2541169C2 - Dynamic process simulation system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, computer engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to simulation of various dynamic processes occurring in nature and in public. The system comprises a system control centre connected through a scan line to each automatic machine; an automatic machine includes a communication unit, units for processing input instructions at a current time step, general parameters of the automatic machine, general parameters of events, an application queue, an event generator, a unit for determining the value of the current time step, an event handler, a unit for generating output instructions at the current time step, logic selection elements.

EFFECT: faster simulation with a given amount of computation resources or reduction of computational resources for a given simulation time, as well as high accuracy and reliability of simulation.

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Description

The invention relates to techniques for analog, digital and digital-analog modeling of various dynamic processes taking place in nature and society.

A well-known information-analytical system for modeling a rational business system of a company (RF patent No. 2171498, class G06F 17/00, pr. 08.11.2000), containing a computer device for a conceptual description of the company’s business, a computer device for factor analysis of the external environment and, at least one operator’s workstation designed to enter information databases of external information sources, while the computer device for a conceptual description of a company’s business is configured to enter a data register of business parameters and is intended for processing the mentioned data by determining and ranking the parameters of business indicators on the composition of the company’s participants according to marketing indicators of the product market and strategic indicators of the business and the formation of requirements and limitations of the mentioned parameters, for the analysis of economic and technological factors and indicators of the company's performance, compiling a register of data on values of company business parameters, a factor analysis computer device externally Environment is designed to collect data on the status of the corresponding parameters of the environment and the calculation of their influence on the parameters and factors of the company's business.

The disadvantage of this system is the limitation of relatively simple, narrowly specialized modeling problems. In this case, the possible mutual influence of various external and internal factors is not taken into account and interdependencies are not detected either between the factors themselves or between events occurring in the simulated process. That, in turn, does not allow to bring the modeling process closer to the real conditions in which certain dynamic processes occur.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a system for modeling and analysis of dynamic processes (RF patent No. 2262737 C1, class G06F 17/00, etc. 09.02.2004), adopted as a prototype.

This system of modeling and analysis of dynamic processes consists of automatic machines, a bus for interrogating automatic machines, a control center for the system, and a distribution block for instructions for automatic machines. The number of automata in the system is arbitrary and is determined by the nature and complexity of the tasks to be solved in the process of constructing a model of the process (phenomenon) under study and can change during the operation of the system. All machines are equal in relation to each other. Interaction between machines is carried out by means of communication blocks, which are integral parts of each of them.

To disclose the invention, we consider in more detail the structure and algorithm of the machine and the control center of the prototype system.

The structure of the machine. Each machine has a block structure and contains the following blocks:

- block of general parameters of the machine;

- block of general event parameters;

- block of the order queue;

- event generation unit;

- event queue block;

- event handler;

- communication unit;

- a block for processing incoming instructions at the current time step;

- a block for generating outgoing instructions at the current time step.

Each of the machines operates in accordance with the control parameters and settings established at the time of constructing the model of the process under study; as well as in accordance with the instructions received directly during the operation of the system from automatic machines and the control center of the system.

The block of general parameters of the automaton contains, as the name of the block implies, the parameters of the automaton, which are determined based on the features of the simulated process and the functions performed by the automaton. Automata can have a different number of parameters characterizing their work.

The block of general parameters of the events of the automaton contains the parameters of events that are processed by the automaton, which are also determined based on the features of the simulated process and the function performed by the automaton.

Simulation of events occurring in the machine at each step of the simulated process is set by the event generation unit. This block actually determines the nature of the functioning of the automaton, through given stochastic laws, the variation of the characteristics of which allows for the effective adaptation of the functioning of the automaton during the simulation. Events generated by the event generation block, after generation, are placed in the event queue of the event queue block.

The connection of each machine with the entire system as a whole is carried out through a communication unit. The input and output of the machine are networked and are respectively the input and output.

The application queue block contains the application queue parameters and implements the application queue and management of the application queue parameters.

The event queue block contains the parameters of the event queue, forms the event queue and manages the parameters of the event queue.

The event handler contains event processing parameters and controls the parameters of the event handler.

Instructions - a set of directives, instructions, commands, etc., formed during the interrogation of a particular machine and addressed to machines that are connected to the bus polling machines. System Management Center (NCC) contains:

- a block of general model parameters;

- block analysis and optimization of automata parameters and general model parameters;

- block output;

- machine generation unit;

- block elimination of machines;

- block changes the parameters of the machine;

- block list of machines;

- block distribution of instructions for the optimization of machines;

- communication unit.

The whole system works in a step-by-step mode. Step - an elementary period of time (second, minute, hour, day, etc.), selected on the basis of the nature of the problem to be solved in the process of building the model.

A simulated time period is a set of elementary time periods (steps), after which the process simulation will be completed.

At each step are performed:

- analysis of the state of the system;

- procedures for optimizing the parameters of automata;

- display the status of the system and display current results in accordance with the specified settings;

- generation (creation) of new machines and their connection from the next step to the bus polling machines based on the results of the optimization of the parameters of machines;

- activation of previously deactivated machines based on the results of the optimization of the parameters of the machines;

- the elimination of machines and their disconnection from the next step from the bus polling machines based on the results of the optimization of the parameters of the machines;

- deactivation of previously activated machines based on the results of the optimization of the parameters of the machines;

- updating the control settings of the machines;

- sequential polling of all machines connected to the polling bus at the time of its conduct in the order of their connection;

- processing by each of the machines of the incoming information flows received from the machines through the instructions distribution block and the system control center through the instructions distribution block for the optimization of the machines;

- the formation by each of the interrogated machines of queues of applications for the generation of events defined for it at subsequent time points and the change in the values of the control parameters;

- the generation by each of the machines of events defined for it in accordance with the established parameters and existing applications;

- the formation by each of the interrogated machines of event queues awaiting processing;

- processing by each of the interrogated machines of events to be executed included in the event queue in accordance with the established parameters and processing methods;

- the formation by each of the interrogated machines of the outgoing information stream in the form of a sequence of instructions for the machines;

- transfer of information flows through the block distribution instructions to the network inputs of machines connected to the bus polling machines.

After a simulated time period (sequential passage of all steps), the system ends with the output of the results in accordance with the given system settings.

The value of the current time step is set in the block of general parameters of the model, based on the nature of the simulated process, and is a value characteristic of specific types of dynamic processes.

Thus, in this modeling system, a fixed value of the current time step is set, the number of steps of the simulated process is calculated based on the probabilistic duration of the whole process as a whole, and the machines participating in the system at each time step are sequentially polled.

The disadvantage of this system is the probability of missing an event if its lifetime is less than the value of the selected current time step (Fig. 1), irrational use of computing resources, and an increase in simulation time.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to reduce simulation time for a given amount of computing resources or to reduce computing resources for a given simulation time, as well as to increase the accuracy and reliability of modeling.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the system dynamically changes the magnitude of the current time step during the operation of the model, while an additional unit for determining the magnitude of the current time step is added to each automaton, the input of which is connected to the event queue block, and the output is through outputs twenty the first and twenty second logical elements and the switching unit - with a bus polling machines; in addition, a model time control unit is additionally introduced into the system control center, the input of which is connected to the automatic interrogation bus and the input parameter input unit, and the output, through the output of the fourth logical selection element, with the general model parameters block.

The prior art does not reveal solutions regarding systems for modeling dynamic processes characterized by the claimed combination of features, therefore, the present invention meets the patentability criterion - “novelty”.

The set of features of the invention, providing a reduction in simulation time for a given amount of computing resources or a reduction in computing resources for a given simulation time, as well as improving the accuracy and reliability of modeling a system for modeling dynamic processes, allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the patentability criterion ′ ′.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the simulation process with a fixed current time step.

In FIG. 2 shows a graphical representation of the modeling process with a dynamic change in the current time step.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a survey of automata in the proposed system for modeling dynamic processes.

In FIG. 4 shows a functional diagram of a control center in the proposed system for modeling dynamic processes.

In FIG. 5 shows a functional diagram of the machine in the proposed system for modeling dynamic processes.

FIG. 3, 4 and 5 differ from the prototype in that they include additional links and blocks, which are indicated by distinctive numbers.

The system for modeling dynamic processes contains the following blocks:

1. NCC - the control center of the system.

2. A1 - machine 1.

3. A2 - automatic 2.

4. An is an automaton n.

5. RI - sending instructions.

6-14 - elements of logical choice.

15. VNZP - enter the initial values of the parameters.

16. BUMV - model time control unit.

17. OPM - general model parameters.

18. AiOPAiOPM - analysis and optimization of machine parameters and general model parameters.

19. BP - output of results.

20. GA - the generation of automata.

21. LA - the elimination of machine guns.

22. IPA - change the parameters of the machine.

23. SA - a list of machines.

24. RINOA - distribution of instructions for the optimization of machines.

25. AAM - system shutdown.

26. KB - communication unit.

27. ITVS - changing the current time of the system.

28. SHOA - bus polling machines.

29-39 - elements of logical choice.

40. KB - communication unit.

41. OVINTVSh - processing of incoming instructions at the current time step.

42. OPA - general parameters of the machine.

43. OPS - general parameters of events.

44. OZ - queue of applications.

45. GS - event generator.

46. BOTVSh - unit for determining the value of the current time step.

47. OBS - event handler.

48. FVINTVSh - the formation of outgoing instructions at the current time step.

49-56 - elements of logical choice.

The difference between the proposed modeling system and the considered system of modeling and analysis of dynamic processes is the additional introduction of the model time control unit 16 into the structural diagram of the central control center and the unit for determining the value of the current time step 46 for an upcoming event in the circuit diagram of the automaton, as well as additional links to the interrogation circuit of automata.

Depending on the nature of the possible events, a variational series is set for each automaton, which determines the required value of the current step Δt _i for the event S _i . The control unit model time after the completion of the survey machines selects the minimum value of the time step Δt _i , if necessary, increases or decreases the value of the time step of the system (Fig. 2).

The algorithm of the system of modeling dynamic processes.

The system of modeling dynamic processes is carried out during the survey at the current time step of the machines (Fig. 3). The purpose of a survey of system automata is to, based on its results, make appropriate adjustments and changes to the quantitative, functional and parametric composition of system automata and the relationships between them by sending the appropriate instructions to the machines.

The control signal at the beginning of the survey machines at the current time step comes from the control center of the system 1.

Polling always starts with the first machine 2, connected to the bus polling machines. At this stage, the instruction distribution block is not activated and the distribution of instructions is not carried out. In this connection, the signal from the output of the automaton 2 through the output ″ no ″ of the logical selection element 6 is fed to the input of the logical selection element 7. Information about the required value of the current time step Δt ₁ via the polling bus is transmitted to the NCC 1.

If instructions were generated at the output of automaton 2, element 7 concludes that it is necessary to send instructions and, from the "yes" output, issues a directive to block 5 to send instructions, block 5 is activated.

If you do not need to send instructions, the system goes to the next machine 3 and so on via the polling bus.

Block 5 distribution of instructions performs its function, if activated.

Block 5 is activated if it is necessary to send instructions generated at the outputs of machines 2, 3, 4. In this case, from blocks 2, 3, 4 through the output "no" of logical elements 6, 8, 10 and the output is "yes" of elements 7 , 9, 11 logical selection at the input of block 5 receives a signal to send instructions. After that, block 5 is considered activated until the completion of the distribution of instructions.

Distribution of instructions is carried out at the addresses indicated in the instructions, they can be blocks 2, 3, 4. Distribution of instructions is carried out by block 5 of the distribution of instructions through the output "no" of the element 12 of the logical choice. In this case, the blocks that received instructions, after receiving them, return control to the block 5 of the distribution of instructions from the outputs "yes" of the elements 6, 8, 10 of the logical choice.

After the distribution of instructions is completed, the instruction distribution block 5 is deactivated and proceeds to the logical selection elements 14 and 13 through the yes output of the logical selection elements 12 and 13, depending on the instructions sent to which of the machines 2, 3 or 4. As a result, through the elements 14 and 13 and the machine polling bus, control is transferred to the machine following the polled.

After the polling of all automatic machines of the system is completed at the current time step, control is transferred to the control center of system 1, where the results obtained at the current time step are analyzed, the composition of the machines and their parameters are optimized, the value of the current time step is selected and changed, and the results are output, if necessary and go to the next current time step. Then, in the event that the simulated time period has not been exhausted and there were no requirements to complete the modeling process, a new control signal is sent to the beginning of the survey of machines at the next current time step from the control center of system 1.

The control center of the system (figure 4) works according to the following algorithm.

Depending on the type and nature of the process that needs to be modeled, the initial values of the parameters of the modeled process and automata are selected. All collected information about the simulated process (incoming information) is pre-processed, brought into a form convenient for processing.

The initial parameters of the model and automata are entered in block 15 — the block for entering the initial values of the parameters. Block 15 contains specific values of the parameters of the model and automata grouped for the convenience of their further processing by types and ranks. In the same block, all the elements of the modeling system as a whole are formed, including a list of machines and their parameters.

By means of block 15, the general parameters of the model and automatic machines can be changed by the operator at any time of the system. Thus, the operator is given the opportunity not only to determine the composition, structure of the model and its parameters in accordance with the task, but also to quickly intervene in its systems, changing the course of the simulated process.

The incoming information from the polling bus of the machines, as well as the signal from the output of block 15, is sent to the model time control unit 16, which compares the required value of the current step for upcoming events for each of the machines and sets the minimum value of the current step.

The signal from the output of block 16 through the logical selection element 29, which determines the need to change the general parameters of the model, enters the general circuit of the system control center.

The operation of the system in the first time step is to verify the need to change the model parameters and transfer control to the communication unit 26 to start the interrogation of machines. In this case, the output “yes” is set for the elements 29 and 39 of the logical choice, and “no” for the elements 30 and 31 of the logical choice.

The criterion for the need to make changes to the system is to compare the values of the parameters of the block 17 of the general parameters of the model, block 15 of the initial values of the parameters, block 16 control model time. If during polling the values of the parameters of these blocks diverge, therefore, corresponding changes in the parameters contained in block 17 of the general parameters of the model will follow.

After the interrogation of the machines at the current time step is completed, control is transmitted through the communication unit 26 and the output is “no” of the logical selection element 39 to the logical selection element 29.

In this case, if according to the results of the survey of the automata at the current time step no changes in the general parameters of the model are required, the signal from the output "no" of the element 29 goes to the input of the logical selection element 30. Otherwise, in block 17 of the general parameters of the model, the necessary adjustment of their values is performed.

If it is necessary to analyze and optimize the parameters of the automata and the general parameters of the model, the signal from the yes output of the logical selection element 30 is fed to the input of the analysis and optimization parameters of the automata parameters and general parameters of the model 18.

If analysis and optimization are impractical, then the signal from the output "no" of the element 30 is fed to the input of the logical selection element 31.

If it is necessary to output the results, the signal from the output "yes" of the element 31 is fed to the input of the results output unit 19.

If the conclusion of the results is impractical, then the signal from the output "no" of the element 31 is fed to the input of the communication unit 26.

In the case of transferring control to the communication unit 26 by logical selection elements 31, 34, and 38, a further control transfer is made to the unit 27 for changing the current system time through the "yes" output of element 39. A transition to the next time step takes place, after which the block 27 goes to the beginning of the poll machines at the current time step and control is transferred to the bus polling machines 28.

After the interrogation of the machines at the current time step is completed, control is again transferred through the communication unit 26 and the output is “no” of the element 39 to the element 29, etc.

If, based on the results of the operation of block 18, it will be concluded that analysis and optimization of the parameters of the automata and the general parameters of the model are not needed, the signal from the output of block 18 through the "no" output of element 32 will go to the input of element 31. After that, element 31 performs its actions as described above.

If, based on the results of the operation of block 18, a conclusion is made about the completion of work or optimization of the model parameters, then the signal from the yes output of element 32 goes to the input of element 33. In this case, if it was decided in block 18 that the work should be completed, the signal from the yes output of the element 33 goes to the input of the output unit 19, after which the yes signal from the output of the element 34 goes to the system shutdown block 25.

If, based on the results of the operation of block 18, a conclusion is made about the need to optimize the parameters of the automata, then the signal through the "no" output of the element 33 is fed to the input of the block 24 for sending out instructions for optimizing the automata. After that, the block 24 is activated and is in this state until the completion of the distribution of instructions for the optimization of automata.

As long as block 24 is in the activated state (instructions are sent to optimize the machines), the signal from the output of block 24 through the "no" output of element 38 is fed to the inputs of blocks 20, 21, 22 through the corresponding logical elements 35, 36, 37 selection, depending on the nature of the instructions to be performed on the optimization of automata and their functional purpose.

When processing instructions for changing the parameters of the machines from the output "yes" of the element 37, the signal is fed to the input of the block 22 of changing the parameters of the machines. After execution of the instruction received by block 22 of changing the parameters of the machine, control is transferred to block 23 of the list of machines to perform the necessary adjustments to the list of machines.

When processing instructions for the elimination or deactivation of the machine from the output "no" of the element 37 and the output "yes" of the element 36, the signal is input to the block 21 of the liquidation of the machine. After the execution of the instruction received by the machine liquidation unit 21, control is transferred to the machine list unit 23 to perform the necessary adjustments to the machine list.

When processing instructions for creating or activating an automaton from the outputs “no” of elements 37, 36 and the output “yes” of element 35, the signal is fed to the input of the automaton generating unit 20. After the execution of the instruction received by the machine generation unit 20, control is transferred to the machine list unit 23 to perform the necessary adjustments to the machine list.

After block 23 completes the necessary adjustments to the list of machines, control is again transferred to block 24.

In the event that the distribution of instructions for optimizing automata has not yet been completed, the cycle described above is repeated again until all instructions for optimizing automata are processed.

After processing of all instructions for optimization of machines has been completed, the block 24 for sending instructions for optimization of machines is deactivated and the signal from the output of block 24 through the yes output of element 38 is fed to the input of communication block 26.

In that case, if the control of the communication unit 26 is transferred by the elements 31, 34 and 38, a signal is output from the output of the block 26 through the yes output of the element 39 to the input of the block 27 of changing the current time of the system to proceed to the interrogation of machines at the next current time step.

If, however, an incoming signal arrives at the communication unit 26 from the polling bus of the vending machines 28, after the polling of the vending machines is completed, at the current time step, a signal is output from the output of the communication unit 26 through the no output of the element 39 to the element 29, which performs its actions as described above. And the system again proceeds to analyze the results of its work at the current time step.

Thus, the operation of the element 39 depends on where the signal came from at the input of the switching unit 26. If the signal arrived at the input of the block 26 upon completion of the interrogation of the machines at the current time step, the signal passes through the no output of this element. Otherwise, the signal passes through the yes output.

The input and output of each machine (figure 5) are respectively the network input and network output. Thus, information in the machine can only come from the system and can only be transferred to the system. The machine does not have other external connections (outside the system). At the network input, the machine receives incoming information flows received from other machines through the instructions distribution block and the system control center. On the network output, the machine transfers information flows coming from it to the instruction distribution unit and the system control center.

At the network input, the signal is fed to the input of the communication unit 40, which is an integral part of the structure of the machine.

At the time of starting work, the machine does not contain any outgoing instructions for other machines, since they are formed by the machine only after completion of its work at the current time step.

In the event that the access to the machine through the network input was made by the instruction distribution unit 5 and this unit is activated, the communication unit 40 of the machine only receives the instructions transmitted to it, after which the signal on completion of the operation of the machine is sent to the network output through the yes output of element 49 .

If the call to the vending machine is initiated by the polling bus of the vending machines, then the communication unit 40 passes through the "no" output of the element 49 control to the incoming instruction processing unit 41 at the current time step, which analyzes existing incoming instructions received by the automaton at the previous time steps.

Incoming instructions received by the machine automatically from block 5 for sending instructions at the current time step are accepted for processing only at the next current time step.

Therefore, at the first time step, the signal from the output of block 41 through the outputs “no” of elements 50, 51 and the output “yes” of element 52 is fed to the input of block 44 of the queue of applications in the event that there are unrealized orders in the block or further through the output “no” of element 52 to elements 53, 54, 56.

Block 44 contains requests for the generation of events processed by this machine, and forms a queue of such requests. Applications for generating events are specified by incoming instructions received automatically from block 5 of the distribution of instructions. In this connection, the operation of block 44 begins with the queue of applications received by the machine at the previous time step.

In the event that at the time of the polling there is at least one order in the request queue, the execution time of which has arrived, block 44 sends a signal through the yes output of element 55 to the input of the event generator block 45. Otherwise, through the no output of the element 55, control is transferred to the logical selection element 53.

Element 53 transfers control to the event generator block 45 through the yes output if, at the current time step, the general parameters of the automaton and the general parameters of the events provide for the generation of events processed by this automaton or by the incoming instructions received by the automaton from the instruction distribution unit 5, the need to change the general event generator parameters. In this connection, the operation of block 45 begins with the adjustment of the general parameters of the event generator obtained by the machine at the previous time step, if any.

If the generation of events at the current time step is not provided or the adjustment of the general parameters of the event generator is not required, the element 53 passes through the output "no" control to the element 54.

Block 45 of the event generator contains stochastic laws of the origin of events processed by this machine, and their parameters. The operation of the event generator block 45 is carried out according to a certain algorithm, which is set when entering the initial values of the system parameters depending on the features of the simulated process and the nature of the dynamic processes occurring in it, taking into account the probability of the origin of events of this kind inherent in this process.

In the event that, as a result of the operation of the event generator unit 45, the origin of at least one event processed by this machine is generated, unit 45 sends a signal to the input of the current time step determination unit 46. Information about the required value of the time step for this event is transmitted through the outputs “no "Elements 54, 56 and a communication unit 40 to the system control center.

Processing of this event is carried out at the next time step after optimization of the parameters of the automata, general parameters of the model, including the magnitude of the current time step.

For this, the element 54 passes through the output "yes" to the control unit 47 of the event handler.

If event processing at the current time step is not provided by element 54 through the output "no", control is transferred to element 56.

After completing its work, the event handler unit 47 transfers control to the element 56.

In the event that all incoming instructions are processed, but there is a need to generate outgoing instructions, from the yes output of element 56, the signal is input to the block 48 for generating outgoing instructions at the current time step. Otherwise, the output "no" of the element 56, the signal goes to the input of the communication unit 40 to complete the operation of the machine at the current time step.

After generating the outgoing instructions in block 48, control is also transferred to the communication block 40 to complete the operation of the machine at the current time step.

The communication unit sends a signal to the network output about the completion of the machine, about the need to send instructions generated by the block 48 to other machines, as well as about the required value of the current time step for the upcoming event. This ends the survey machine.

Thus, the proposed system of modeling dynamic processes allows you to reduce the simulation time for a given amount of computing resources or to reduce computing resources for a given simulation time, to increase the accuracy and reliability of the simulation.

Claims (1)

A dynamic process modeling system containing at least one operator workstation designed to enter information databases from external information sources, logical selection elements designed to redirect incoming information flow to the appropriate output depending on the results of comparing one of the input parameters with a reference value recorded in the memory of the specified element; a system control center connected via a polling bus to each machine of the system, which, in turn, are interconnected, in addition, the machines are interconnected by a bus of polling machines, the input and output of each machine are respectively the network input and network output of the machine, input and the output of the system control center is connected in series with the polling bus; characterized in that for the possibility of dynamically changing the magnitude of the current time step during the operation of the model, an additional unit for determining the value of the current time step is added to each automaton, the input of which is connected to the event generator unit, and the output is through the outputs “no” of logic elements 54, 56 and switching unit - with a bus polling machines; a model time control unit is additionally introduced into the system control center, the input of which is connected to the automatic interrogation bus and the input parameter input unit, and the output is through the yes output of the selection logic element 29 with a block of general model parameters.

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