RU2538230C1 - Vessel running on hydrogen fuel that features small waterline area - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to navy exploiting high-navigability and high-speed vessels with power plants running on hydrogen fuel and the product of thermal dissociation of steam, that is, hydrogen and oxygen. Note here that sweet water stored in tanks is used as a heat carrier. This vessel comprises surface hull mounted at streamlined supports of underwater hulls, starting steam plant arranged in surface hull, sweet water tanks, main power plants with steam condensers to use sweet water as power carrier to produce useful power. Said power plants include gas turbine plant and steam plant engaged by shaft with electrical generator connected in electrical protection hardware. Steam units running of used hydrogen and oxygen of thermal dissociation gas turbines are connected via steam lines with steam collectors and plasma chemical heaters of said main power plants and refrigerators for cooling of said used hydrogen and oxygen. Steam units are connected to cooling system running on liquid metal heat carrier of the main power plants connected to steam turbines connected to electrical generators connected to switchboards and to capacitors. Plasma chemical heaters and reactors with their power supplies, motors connected with screw propellers are arranged in underwater hulls. It differs from known designs in that thermal dissociation gas turbine to produce useful power, hydrogen and oxygen incorporates plasma chemical heaters arranged regularly in circle to heat steam to temperature over 2000°C.Said plasma chemical heaters are connected to power supply and connected, on one side, via valve gear with high-temperature and high-pressure steam collector and, on opposite side, with reactors for thermal dissociation of steam to produce hydrogen and oxygen their temperature exceeding 2500°C. Threes are connected to power supply including HF generators and capacitor bank connected with diverging nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors. The latter incorporate water or liquid metal injectors connected to gas turbine fitted on the shaft engaged with electrical generator. Said turbine is provided with discharge pipe to force used hydrogen and oxygen into steam unit. Or, thermal dissociation gas turbine incorporates plasma chemical reactors for thermal dissociation of steam and production of hydrogen and oxygen with temperature over 2500°C and high pressure. Said reactors are connected via valves gears with high-pressure and high-temperature steam collectors on one side and, on the other side, with cylinders connected to aforesaid diverging nozzle and cylinders of wave compressors provided with water or liquid metal injectors connected with gas turbine. Said turbine is provided with discharge pipe to force used hydrogen and oxygen into steam unit. Also, it differs in that plasma chemical heaters, plasma chemical reactors for thermal dissociation of steam and production of hydrogen and oxygen with temperature over 2500°C, or plasma chemical reactors, diverging nozzles and wave compressor cylinders are provided with jackets for circulation of aforesaid coolants for cooling reactors for thermal dissociation of steam and production of hydrogen and oxygen with temperature over 2500°C and high pressure. Also, it differs in that plasma chemical heaters or reactors incorporate housing with jacket, cover and cap and electrode-cathode secured in housing, in electric insulation ply. Said cathode communicates with cooled nozzle, the anode, arranged at the angle to axes of said reactors. Or, plasma chemical heaters or reactors are arranged in one unit with light ionising additive injectors built therein and arranged in the axis of reactors. Note here that valve mechanism with high-pressure-and-temperature inlet valve is arranged at plasma chemical heater housing. Also, it differs in that valve mechanism comprises steam feed pipe and discharge valve with constrictor and spring. The latter is composed of tubular slider plugged on one side and fitted in cylinder secured at the housing. Said cylinder has openings in it and inlet valve tubular slider walls to intake steam in plasma chemical heater or reactor. Its differs in that said reactor is made of ceramic material with circular inductor arranged thereon and composed of copper pipes with jacket for circulation and cooling of reactor walls and inductor by water. Also, it differs in that steam plat for combustion of hydrogen and oxygen incorporates axial compressor connected with long pipes, combustion chambers arranged regularly in circle. They include injectors to ignite hydrogen in oxygen by injection of gaseous jets of conducting fluid thermal dissociation products with diverging nozzles and wave compressor cylinders connected to steam turbine. The latter is fitted on shaft engaged with electrical generator and incorporates branch pipe to discharge used steam into condenser. Besides, it differs in that said injector comprises casing with conducting liquid feed pipes. Said pipes are connected to cylindrical channels arranged inside the casing in insulating material ply. Electrodes connected to pulse generator are arranged on one side of said channels while, on opposite side, nozzle are arranged directed at the angle to each other and communicated with blast chamber of injector that has perforated bottom for escape of gas jets.

EFFECT: clean atmosphere.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of the navy, in which vessels with a small waterline area, having high seaworthiness and speed with the MAIN POWER PLANTS on hydrogen fuel, the product of thermal dissociation of water vapor - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN, are used, while fresh water stored in tanks is used for the operation of the plants being an ENERGY CARRIER.

Known ships on hydrocarbon fuels, mainly fuel oil.

The disadvantages of such vessels are the high cost of fuel, toxicity, the risk of fire, while the exhaust gases of the main power plants of these vessels pollute the atmosphere and the environment.

Famous ships with nuclear reactors.

The disadvantages of such vessels are the presence of atomic radiation, the high cost of fuel and a power plant and the inability to reliably dispose of waste from nuclear reactors.

Known power plant according to patent No. 2386825 from 04/20/2010, the steam turbine internal combustion unit PT UVS - for use in various fields of technology and economics.

It contains series-connected reactors for thermal dissociation of water vapor, wave compressor cylinders, combustion chambers uniformly spaced around the circumference, wave compressor cylinders, a turbine, and an electric generator.

In addition, the PT UVS unit has a steam generator in which a liquid metal coolant heated in the cooling system of the unit is circulated, generating steam with high temperature and pressure parameters and supplying it to thermal dissociation reactors at a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C to obtain HYDROGEN and OXYGEN with high temperature and pressure, steam line, steam collector, electrical discharge excitation system.

Known power plant - steam turbine internal combustion unit PT UVS - is the closest analogue of the prototype, as it contains signs that match the features of the claimed invention, in particular:

- reactors are evenly spaced around for the thermal dissociation of water vapor and the production of hydrogen and oxygen at temperatures in excess of 2500 ° C.

- reactors on one side are connected to a steam collector.

- combustion chambers have nozzles for igniting HYDROGEN in OXYGEN and are connected to the cylinders of wave compressors.

- a steam generator for generating steam with high temperature and pressure.

- capacitor.

- a system for exciting electric discharges - pulse generators for the operation of nozzles for ignition in the combustion chambers of HYDROGEN in oxygen.

A disadvantage of the known steam turbine internal combustion unit PT UVS is the low efficiency, compared with the claimed vessel with a small area of the waterline on hydrogen fuel with the MAIN POWER PLANT on the products of thermal dissociation of water vapor - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN / explosive gas /, due to low pressure the temperature of these gases in the combustion chambers of the FT UVS, as a result of which, in the proposed vessel with a small area of the waterline using hydrogen fuel with a MAIN POWER PLANT including a thermo-dissociation gas Urbina and steam turbine plant,

The thermodissociation gas-turbine installation for generating useful power and an energy source - hydrogen and oxygen - is made with plasma-chemical heaters uniformly spaced around the circumference to heat water vapor to temperatures exceeding 2000 ° C, connected to a power source, connected on one side by valve mechanisms with a collector steam with high temperature and pressure, and on the other with reactors for thermal dissociation of water vapor and the production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 2500 ° C, connected to a power source containing a high-frequency generator and a capacitor bank, connected to expanding nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors, having nozzles for injecting water or liquid metal into them, connected to a gas turbine mounted on a shaft connected to an electric generator , and is equipped with an exhaust pipe for the release of spent hydrogen and oxygen into the steam generator, or

the thermodissociation gas turbine unit is made with plasma-chemical reactors for the thermal dissociation of water vapor and the production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure, connected on one side by valve mechanisms with a high pressure and temperature steam collector, and on the other with cylinders, connected to expanding nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors having nozzles for injecting water or liquid metal, connected to a gas turbine mounted on a shaft, connected to an electric generator, and equipped with an outlet pipe for discharging spent hydrogen and oxygen into a steam generator, while plasma-chemical heaters, reactors for thermal dissociation of water vapor and production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C or plasma-chemical reactors, expanding nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors have shirts for the circulation of coolant - liquid metal coolant and water for cooling the walls of reactors for thermal dissociation of water vapor and obtaining hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C,

plasma-chemical heaters or plasma-chemical reactors contain a casing with a jacket, a lid and a cap, with a cathode electrode fixed in the casing in the insulation layer, communicating with a cooled anode nozzle, mounted at an angle to the axis of the reactors for thermal dissociation of water vapor and the production of hydrogen and oxygen with temperature exceeding 2500 ° C, or plasma-chemical heaters or plasma-chemical reactors are located in one block with nozzles located in them for injection of a lightly ionizing additive located along the axis of the reactors, while on the body of the plasma chemical heater or plasma chemical reactor there is a valve mechanism with an inlet valve for the inlet of high pressure and temperature water vapor,

the valve mechanism includes a housing with a pipe for supplying steam, an intake valve with a limiter and a spring, made in the form of a tubular slider, muffled on one side, located in a cylinder mounted on a housing having windows in the walls of the tubular slider of the inlet valve and the cylinder for steam to enter plasma chemical heater or in a plasma chemical reactor,

a reactor for thermal dissociation of water vapor and production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure is made of ceramic material with a ring inductor made of copper pipes and a jacket for circulation and cooling of the walls of the reactor and inductor with water,

a steam turbine installation for the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen and obtaining useful power is made with an axial compressor connected in series with elongated nozzles, combustion chambers uniformly spaced around the circumference, including nozzles for igniting hydrogen in oxygen by injecting gaseous jets of products of thermal dissociation of an electrically conductive liquid, with expanding nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors connected to a steam turbine mounted on a shaft connected to an electric for generators, and is provided with a discharge duct for the exhaust steam released in the condenser,

the nozzle for igniting hydrogen in oxygen contains a housing with nozzles for supplying electrically conductive fluid connected to cylindrical channels located inside the housing in a layer of insulating material, on one side of which electrodes are mounted connected to a pulse generator, and on the other, nozzles are made angled nozzles communicating with the explosive chamber having a bottom with openings for the exit of gas jets.

The above set of essential features during implementation ensures the achievement of the goal, while each of the given set of characteristics is necessary, and all together are sufficient to obtain a positive effect - the use of water as a fuel carrier, instead of hydrocarbon fuels, and improvement of the atmosphere and biosphere on the planet.

Based on the above arguments, the conclusion that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention is "inventive step".

The repeated possibility of implementation in the manufacture of the claimed technical solution with the above set of essential features also fully meets another main criterion of the invention "industrial applicability".

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, in which:

- figure 1 shows a vessel with a small area of the waterline on hydrogen fuel - side view of the "A",

- figure 2 shows the vessel according to 1-1,

- figure 3 shows a diagram of the MAIN POWER INSTALLATION in longitudinal section, showing the diagrams of auxiliary devices and the starting steam power plant,

- figure 4 in longitudinal section shows the node "N", showing the plasma-chemical heaters installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the reactor,

- figure 5 in longitudinal section shows a nozzle for igniting hydrogen in oxygen,

- figure 6 in longitudinal section shows a block of plasma-chemical heaters attached to the reactor, - the second option,

- figure 7 in longitudinal section shows the electrode-cathode with a Central channel for supplying coolant - the second option,

- on Fig in longitudinal section shows the electrode-cathode, in which the coolant circulates, the third option.

A vessel with a small area of the hydrogen-fuel waterline contains a surface hull 1 mounted on streamlined supports 2 on underwater hulls 3, while a steam power installation - 4 / launcher / is placed in the surface hull, and in freshwater hulls of fresh water tanks 5, MAIN POWER UNITS 6, electric motors 7 connected to the propellers 8. / see V.A. Ilyin. The Judgment of Tomorrow. Knowledge, Transport, 7/1977, pp. 49-52.

MAIN POWER INSTALLATION is shown in figure 3. It is made combined and includes two power units - a thermodissociation gas turbine unit 9 and a steam turbine unit 10, mounted on a common shaft 11 connected to an electric generator 12, in which WATER stored in a tank 5 is used as an ENERGY CARRIER.

на валу 11 и - электрогенераторе 12 и ИСТОЧНИКА ЭНЕРГИИ - ВОДОРОДА и КИСЛОРОДА.Thermal dissociation gas turbine unit 9 is used to obtain USEFUL POWER $$N_{\mathrm{one}}^G$$

on the shaft 11 and - the generator 12 and the ENERGY SOURCE - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN.

на валу 11 и электрогенераторе 12 за счет сгорания ВОДОРОДА в КИСЛОРОДЕ.Steam turbine 10 serves to obtain a second USEFUL POWER $$N_2^P$$

on the shaft 11 and the electric generator 12 due to the combustion of HYDROGEN in OXYGEN.

The thermodissociation gas-turbine unit 9 contains plasma-chemical HEATERS 13 / indirect-action plasmatrons / WATER VAPOR having high temperature and pressure parameters connected on one side with REACTORS 14 made of ceramic material, for example, silicon nitride, with INDUCTORS 15 located on them, made in in the form of a solenoid made of copper pipes, and on the other hand they are connected by valve mechanisms 16 to a steam collector 17.

The reactors 14, evenly spaced around the circumference, are connected to the expanding nozzles 18 and the cylinders 19 of the WAVE COMPRESSORS connected to the GAS TURBINE 20, having an outlet pipe 21 for discharging the spent HYDROGEN and OXYGEN with a temperature of 500-550 ° C to the steam generator 22. The reactors 14 and the BOF COMPRESSORS have shirts 23 and 24 for circulating and cooling the walls of the reactors 14 with water, and the walls of the WAVE COMPRESSORS with a liquid metal coolant, such as LITHIUM or SODIUM or other liquid metals / see B.A. Artamonov. "Electrophysical and electrochemical methods of processing materials", v.2, M .: Higher school, 1983, pp. 69-90 / 1 /, G.A. Libenson. "Fundamentals of powder metallurgy". M .: Metallurgy, 1987, pp. 189-190, / 2 /, E.B. Easter. "Current trends in the design of passenger cars." Knowledge, Moscow: Transport, 1985/4, p. 20/3 /, B.N. Golubkov. "Heat engineering equipment and heat supply for industrial enterprises". M .: Energy, 1979, pp. 67-68 / 4 /.

On the cylinders 19 there are nozzles 25 for injecting water or liquid metal, for example lithium.

Figure 4 on a large scale shows the design of plasma-chemical HEATERS 13 mounted at an angle to the axis of the reactor 14, while they can be TWO, as shown in the drawing or more.

The purpose of plasma-chemical heaters is to heat water vapor to a temperature exceeding 2000 ° C, with the implementation of a small thermal dissociation of it to HYDROGEN and OXYGEN, not exceeding 2% / cm. N.L. Glinka. "General chemistry". L .: "CHEMISTRY", 1980, p. 211/5 /, but with the possibility of regulating this temperature.

The plasma-chemical heater 13 comprises a housing 26 with a jacket 27 for circulating and cooling the housing with liquid metal — lithium, sodium, or other liquid metal coolants. An electrode is installed in the casing along the axis - KATOD 28, mounted in the insulation layer in the cover 29. KATOD is connected to the DC power supply / not shown in the drawing / via bus 30. Cap 31. The housing 26 through the gasket is mounted on a device containing SOPLO-ANOD 32 and a shirt with a pipe 33 for the entrance of a cooled liquid - liquid metal. Its output through the hole 34 with a pipe / not shown in the drawing /.

The valve mechanism 16 comprises a housing 35, inside of which, with a small distance from its walls, a cylinder 36 is arranged having windows 37 for steam entry. The pipe 38 serves to enter steam from the manifold 17. In the cylinder 36, a tubular slider 39 slides — an inlet valve, in the walls of which windows 40 are made. The valve has a limiter 41 with a spring 42 located between it and the body.

Nozzle 43 is used to inject an easily ionizing additive - sodium, potassium or other alkali metals in an amount of about 1% by weight of steam / cm. V.I. Krutov. "Technical thermodynamics". M.: Higher School, 1971, pp. 447-448 / 6 /. Pipes 44 and 45 are used to enter and exit the cooling fluid. Connect the ANODA to a DC power source through terminal 46.

The ring inductor 15 is connected to a power source containing a high frequency generator 47 / machine or tube / A. Artamonov. "Dimensional electrical processing of metals." M .: Higher school, 1978, p. 50-52 / 7 /, a capacitor bank 48, compensating for the low power factor of the inductor / see 4, p. 67-68 /.

The steam turbine installation 10 contains an axial compressor 49 / or a centrifugal compressor or two compressors - axial and centrifugal /, connected by means of elongated nozzles 50 to combustion chambers 51, connected in series with expanding nozzles 52, cylinders 53 of WAVE COMPRESSORS and with a STEAM TURBINE 54 having an exhaust a nozzle 55 connected to a capacitor 56. An injector 57 for igniting a gas. MAIN POWER PLANT 6 has TWO steam generators 22 and 58.

The first steam generator operates at the expense of HEAT of spent HYDROGEN and OXYGEN having a temperature of about 500-550 ° C with a steam supply of high temperature of about 400-450 ° C and a pressure of about 12 kg / cm2 in plasma-chemical HEATERS 13 / cm. V.V. Bags. "Technical thermodynamics." M.-L.: “Energoizdat”, 1960, pp. 352-353 / 8 / via steam line 59. Water is supplied to the steam generator from the fresh water tank 5. The HYDROGEN and OXYGEN used in the steam generator are finally cooled in the refrigerator 60, from the temperature 160 ° C to a temperature of 20 ° C / cm. I.I. Kirillov. "Gas turbines and gas turbine units." Mashgiz, M. 1956, p. 251/9 /. and is sucked through the pipe 61 into the axial compressor 49 of the steam turbine installation 10.

The second steam generator 58 operates by circulating coolant in it - a liquid metal - sodium or lithium, supplied to it by pumps 62 and 63, as well as mixing chambers 64 and 65 from the cooling systems of the walls of the expanding nozzles 18 and cylinders 19 of the WAVE COMPRESSORS of the thermodissociation gas-turbine unit 9 with a temperature of about 580 ° C, which makes it possible to switch to significantly higher parameters in the energy-steam-water circuit and from the cooling system of the walls of the combustion chambers 51, pipes 50, expanding nozzles 52 and cylinders 53 WAVE COMPRESSORS of a steam turbine installation 10. At the same time, molten metal heated to 580 ° C enters into it from the cooling system of PLASMA-CHEMICAL HEATERS 13.

и ПАРОВОЙ турбины 54 мощностью $$N_2^{П}$$

.The high temperature of the liquid metal coolant in the steam generator 58 ensures that steam is produced in front of the turbine 66 with a temperature of 540 ° C and a pressure of 140 atm. /cm. V.B. Kozlov. "Liquid metals in technical physics." Knowledge, Physics, 4/1974, pp. 34/10 /. At the same time, due to the operation of the steam turbine 66 connected to the electric generator 67, USEFUL POWER N3 is generated, which is sent in the form of electricity to the electric panel 68, which also receives electricity from the electric generator 12, which generates electric energy due to the operation of the GAS turbine 20 with power $$N_{\mathrm{one}}^G$$

and STEAM turbine 54 power $$N_2^P$$

.

.The total electric power on the switchboard 68 is equal to the sum of the capacities of 3 installations: $${\displaystyle \sum N=N_{\mathrm{one}}^G+N_2^P+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="N"\; filenames="00000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">N</figure-callout>}}_3}$$

.

In addition, due to the operation of the steam generator 22, which provides the plasma-chemical HEATERS 13 with steam with high temperature and pressure parameters, HEAT POWER is generated, due to which the power of the GAS turbine 20 is significantly increased and at the same time the energy consumption for plasma-chemical HEATERS 13 is significantly reduced.

The steam power installation 4 / launcher / contains steam boilers 69, a steam turbine 70 connected by an electric generator 71. One of the boilers is connected by a steam line 72 to a steam line 59 of the MAIN POWER PLANT 6. The installation 6 is launched using the operation of the steam launcher 4.

Figure 5 shows the nozzle 57, which serves for ignition in the combustion chambers 51 of a compressed mixture of gases - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN.

It contains a housing 73 with nozzles 74 and 75 and an explosive chamber 76.

Inside the housing, in a layer of insulating material, there are cylindrical channels 77 and 78 connected to the nozzles, while the cylindrical channels on one side have nozzles 79 and 80 directed at an angle to each other, and on the other electrodes 81 and 82 connected to a pulse generator / GI / containing a capacitor 83, a resistor / resistance / 84, a direct current source 85 / or a rectifier /. Electrical insulation material 86.

The nozzle works as follows / cm. patents No. 2387737, No. 2402630 /. From the pumps / not shown in the drawing / through the nozzles 74 and 75, an electrically conductive liquid is supplied in the form of a concentrated aqueous solution of a strong electrolyte based on acids or salts, a base OR a suspension of a solution of electrolyte and powder / dust / graphite or metal / copper, aluminum /. The particle size of the powder is up to 40 microns, an electrolyte with a specific conductivity of 40-70 cm.m ^-1 . At this time, the pulse generator 83, 84, 85 is turned on. The conductive fluid in the nozzles 79 and 80 is formed in the form of jets 87 and 88, which collide in zone 89 and close the discharge circuit of the pulse generator, while the discharge current from the high-power capacitor 83 is discharged into jets with a diameter of 0.087-0.2 mm, heats them with the implementation of ELECTRIC EXPLOSION of jets, the temperature of which can reach / 2-5 / × 104K / cm.1, p. 72, 100-103 /, as well as patents No. 2386825, No. 2387582 /.

To ignite the mixture of HYDROGEN and OXYGEN in the combustion chambers 51 of the steam turbine unit, the temperature of the electric explosion of the jets 87, 88 is maintained at a level of up to 10,000 ° C, while the aqueous solution of the electrolyte of the jets thermally dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen / explosive gas /. The products of an electric explosion in the form of hydrogen, oxygen and electrolyte fragments under high pressure exit through openings / nozzles / 90 made in the bottom 91, and in the form of TORCHES with a high temperature ignite the mixture of HYDROGEN and OXYGEN in the combustion chambers 51.

The following repeated electrical explosions of the jets 87-88 are carried out due to the pressure of the pumps supplying the electrically conductive liquid through the nozzles 74 and 75 with a frequency converting 100 cycles / s, while the jets 87-88 simultaneously perform the functions of a DISCHARGE, with a capacitor 83 in contact with them / capacitor bank / discharges on them, and the energy of an electric explosion depends on the energy stored in the capacitor. A = CU2 / 2 / cm. 7, p. 50 /.

Figure 6 shows the design of plasma-chemical heaters 13, placed in one block 92, which can be TWO, FOUR or more heaters, while the nozzles-ANODES 93 are also located in one block 94, having a jacket with a pipe 95 for coolant inlet - liquid metal - lithium or sodium. Cathodes 96, made in the form of pointed rods of tungsten, are installed in housings 97 having a jacket with a pipe 98 for the entrance of coolant - liquid metal. The manifold 99 externally encompasses all enclosures with openings 100 for steam to enter. Steam with high temperature and pressure is supplied using the valve mechanism 16. The steam enters it through the pipe 101.

The actuator in the valve mechanism of the tubular slider 39, with which steam is supplied to the manifold, is carried out using a solenoid 102, the anchor of which 103 acts on the beam 104, pivotally mounted on the support 105. Terminal 106 serves to connect the ANODA to a power source / not shown on drawing /, as well as bus 107.

To increase the life of the CATHODES, they can be performed according to Fig. 7 with a central channel 108 and thin channels 109. At the same time, a liquid, for example, water or an alkali metal - sodium, is pumped through the channel 108, which is forced through the channels 109 and evaporates on the surface of the tip of the CATHODE, providing a significant reduction in temperature.

On Fig shows yet another device KATODA made hollow with a Central partition 110 and a window 111 for the passage of coolant.

MAIN POWER INSTALLATION 6 works as follows.

First, the steam power installation 4 is started. Steam boilers 69 and a steam turbine 70 with an electric generator 71 begin to operate. The valve 112 is closed. The valve 113 opens and water vapor with high temperature parameters, about 450 ° C and P≈12-16 kg / cm2, comes from the boilers 69 through the steam lines 72 and 59 to the collector 17 of the MAIN POWER PLANT, and from it to the valve mechanisms 16 plasma-chemical heaters 13 The inlet valves are turned on by the electronic system of the main power plant - tubular sliders 39, muffled on one side, which are driven by means of solenoid mechanisms 102 and rocker arms 104 / cm. 6 /, while the windows 40 of the tubular sliders are aligned with the windows 37 of the cylinders 36 and the steam enters the housings 26 of the plasma-chemical heaters 13. At the same time, the direct current power supply 71 is turned on, with its supply to the Cathodes 28 and Nozzle-Anodes 32, with the formation of electric arc discharges, with the help of which the heating of the flowing steam is carried out to a temperature exceeding 2000 ° C. In this case, steam, starting from a temperature of 1000 ° C, decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen in a volume of up to 2% / cm.5, p. 211 / and is ionized flowing out into reactors 14.

To increase the degree of ionization, easily ionizing additive (K, Na, etc.) is injected into the casings 26 using nozzles 43 in an amount of about 1% of the weight of the vapor, which significantly increases the conductivity of the vapor together with the resulting gases - hydrogen and oxygen / cm.6, p. .447-448 /. The resulting low-temperature PLASMA in plasma-chemical heaters 13 enters from them into reactors 14, where, using induction heating, water vapor is finally decomposed at temperatures exceeding 2500 ° C into HYDROGEN and OXYGEN having high temperature and high pressure.

Inductors 15, made in the form of solenoids / spiral coils / from copper pipes, are cooled by pumping water through them, just like the walls of the reactors 14 are cooled by water made of ceramic material, for example, silicon nitride, which showed high operational reliability during operation of the Japanese ceramic sample piston engine / cm. 3, p. 20 /.

The essence of induction heating based on high-frequency currents generated in the MAIN POWER PLANT using generators 47 is that an alternating magnetic field in a spiral coil 15, caused by a high-frequency current, excites an alternating magnetic field in a heated body - a low-temperature plasma entering reactors 14 with a temperature exceeding 2000 ° C. In this case, an electromotive force / emf / is induced in it, causing the appearance of an electric current. The thermal energy released by this current heats the low-temperature plasma / conductor /, with the final decomposition of water vapor into HYDROGEN and OXYGEN at temperatures above 2500 ° C / cm. 4, p. 67 and G. Muchnik. "New methods of energy conversion." Knowledge, Technique, 1984/4, p. 47/11 /.

Injection of a lightly ionizing additive into the housings 26 of the plasma-chemical heaters 13 - nozzles 43 can be carried out using nozzles, in Fig. 5 with electric explosions of the jets 87 and 88 of liquid metal - sodium, potassium, etc., made without bottoms 91, or by conventional nozzles for injection fluids used, for example, in engines / diesel engines /.

The final decomposition of water vapor into HYDROGEN and OXYGEN in reactors 14 at a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C and a pressure of about 30-40 kg / cm2 / cm. 8, p.24-25 /, provides thermal dissociation products with high temperature and pressure parameters that are EXTENDED in nozzles 18 and cylinders 19 of the WAVE COMPRESSORS with decreasing temperature in front of the GAS turbine 20 to 700-900 ° C, normal for the operation of turbine blades without cooling.

.Inlet valves 39 / tubular sliders / turn on again with a frequency of 100 cycles / sec or more and the next portions of steam, and then its dissociation products in the form of REDUCED HYDROGEN and OXYGEN exit the reactors 14 with a high temperature exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure "P" , expand in nozzles 18 and cylinders 19 of WAVE COMPRESSORS like “pistons”, compress the gas remaining from the previous cycle - the same HYDROGEN and OXYGEN, to pressure “p” and accelerate it in cylinders 19 to a speed of V m / s, while temperature of compressed gases increases clearly - within the range of 700-900 ° C, with which HYDROGEN and OXYGEN enter the gas turbine 20, expand on it with decreasing pressure from "p" to p ₁ and realizing the speed V m / s to U m / s, the temperature behind it up to 500-550 ° C and obtaining USEFUL POWER $$H_{\mathrm{one}}^G$$

.

The spent HYDROGEN and OXYGEN with a temperature of 500-550 ° C are piped to a steam generator 22, heated and evaporated in it from the fresh water tank 5, generating steam with a temperature of about 400-450 ° C, pressure about 12 kg / cm2. Water vapor with high temperature and pressure parameters is prepared for supplying it through the steam line 112 to the manifold 17.

The spent HYDROGEN and OXYGEN in the steam generator 22 are sent to the refrigerator 60, in which they are finally cooled with a temperature of 160 ° C to a temperature of 20 ° C and sucked by an axial compressor 49 into a steam turbine unit 10. Cooling with outboard water.

.The gases compressed in the axial compressor - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN / explosive gas / enter the combustion chambers 51, are ignited by nozzles 57, and burn at a temperature of about 2800 ° C / cm. 5, p. 345-346 /, and the combustion products expands like “pistons” in the expanding nozzles 52 and the cylinders 53 of the WAVE COMPRESSORS, with a decrease in temperature in front of the steam turbine 54 to 700-900 ° C - normal for the operation of the turbine blades without cooling. At the same time, the combustion products expand to the side of the axial compressor, compress in the elongated nozzles 50 the gases moving towards them - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN, which, after reducing the pressure of the combustion products, expand again towards the combustion chambers, thereby protecting the axial compressor blades from bursting of incandescent products combustion / cm "Fundamentals of gas dynamics", 1963, editor Emmons, section "Wave" machines "/ 12 /. Again from the compressor 49, the compressed HYDROGEN and OXYGEN enter the combustion chambers 51 and are ignited by nozzles 57 with a frequency of 100 cycles / sec or more , and the combustion products with high temperature and pressure are EXTENDED like pistons in nozzles 52 and cylinders 53, compressing to pressure "P" and accelerating to the speed V m / s the combustion products remaining in the previous cycle in the form of STEAM, which are at a temperature of 700-900 ° C, pressure "P" and a speed of V m / s enter the steam turbine 54 and expand it with decreasing pressure to p ₁ , speed to U m / s, temperature about 80 ° C due to the release of exhaust steam into condenser 56 with a pressure p = 0.04 kg / cm2 / cm. 8, pages 309-310 /, while CONDENSATE is discharged through the pipe 114 into the sea and does not participate in the work processes of the MAIN POWER PLANT 6, while the resulting power on the steam turbine 54 $$N_2^P$$

.

For the operation of nozzles 57, plunger pumps are used that inject electrically conductive fluid into nozzle nozzles 74 and 75 with a frequency of 100 cycles per second or more.

вала 11 и электрогенератора 12,направляемой на электрощит 68.The total capacity of TWO units - thermodissociation gas turbine 9 and steam turbine 10 - is $${{\displaystyle \sum N=N_{\mathrm{one}}^G+N}}_2^P$$

the shaft 11 and the generator 12, sent to the switchboard 68.

.During the start of the MAIN POWER UNIT and the warming up of all its systems, the steam generator 58 also starts to work due to the circulation of coolant in it - liquid metal from the cooling systems of the walls of the expanding nozzles 18 and cylinders 19 of the WAVE COMPRESSORS of the thermal dissociation gas turbine unit 9 with a temperature of about 580 ° C and from cooling systems for the walls of elongated nozzles 50, combustion chambers 51, expanding nozzles 52 and cylinders 53 of the WAVE COMPRESSORS of a steam turbine unit 10 with a temperature of about 580 ° C, as well as from the PLASM cooling system OF CHEMICAL HEATERS 13. At the same time, water vapor is generated with a temperature of 540 ° C and a pressure of 140 atm, which allows one to switch to significantly higher parameters in the energy steam-water circuit with the operation of steam turbine 66 and electric generator 67 and their generation of USEFUL POWER N ₃ directed to the electric panel 68. The total electric power on the switchboard 68 is equal to the sum of the power of 3 installations $${{\displaystyle \sum N=N_{\mathrm{one}}^G+N}}_2^P+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="N"\; filenames="00000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">N</figure-callout>}}_3$$

.

Thus, all MAIN POWER PLANT systems begin to operate in the operating mode, as a result of which the steam-powered launcher 4 is turned off by closing the valve 113 and opening the valve 112 on the steam line 59, generating energy from the electrical panel 68 to the electric motor 7, which rotates the propeller 8 for the VESSEL to move small area of the waterline operating on HYDROGEN FUEL.

In this case, part of the electric energy from the electrical panel 68 is selected for the operation of plasma-chemical heaters 13 and reactors 14, as well as for the operation of pumps for pumping a liquid metal coolant - pos. 62, 63 in the cooling systems of plants 9 and 10 and the steam generator 58 and other purposes.

Of considerable importance in the workflow of a thermo-dissociation gas-turbine unit 9 is the operation of a steam generator 22 on spent HYDROGEN and OXYGEN, which provides a FOAM installation with high temperature and pressure parameters, which significantly increases the POWER of the gas turbine 20 and significantly reduces the energy consumption for THERMAL DISSOCIATION of WATER VAPOR in plasma 13 and reactors 14.

It is known that “if the products of dissociation formed at a high temperature are quickly cooled, then the equilibrium does not have time to immediately shift, and then does not shift due to the extremely low reaction rate at low temperature. Thus, the ratio between substances existing at a high temperature is maintained / cm. 5, pp. 211-212 /. In the installation under consideration 9 — a thermodissociation gas turbine, the rapid dissociation products — HYDROGEN and OXYGEN — are rapidly cooled through their rapid expansion in nozzles 18, cylinders 19 of the WAVE COMPRESSORS and on the GAS turbine 20, with a decrease in the temperature of the gases behind the gas turbine to 500-550 ° C, which HYDROGEN with OXYGEN practically do not interact / cm. 5, p. 345-346 /.

An additional method of maintaining the relationship between substances that existed at high temperature is the method of injecting WATER from a LIQUID METAL, for example lithium, into dissociation products using nozzles 25 installed in cylinders 19 of WAVE COMPRESSORS.

In this case, the injection of liquid-water or liquid metal for the rapid cooling of gases - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN and maintaining the relationship between the substances that existed at high temperature, is carried out in areas of low temperature gases in the cylinders 19.

However, the need for injection of water or liquid metal is established only experimentally.

Reactors 14 made of ceramic material, for example silicon nitride, as well as inductors 15 made in the form of solenoids from copper pipes, are cooled with water using a pump 115, which is distilled, in order to prevent its heating by high-frequency current. To reduce the loss of thermal energy, heated water through the pipe 116 and pipelines / not shown in the drawing / is used to heat fresh water in the tank 5.

Features of the design and operation of the MAIN POWER UNIT.

In this installation, the use of WAVE COMPRESSORS placed in a thermodissociation gas turbine between reactors 14, in which the final decomposition of water vapor into HYDROGEN and OXYGEN with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure, and a GAS turbine 20 allows the following:

- compression of the residual gas - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN to a pressure of "P" with its acceleration to a speed of V m / s in expanding nozzles 18 and cylinders 19 by products of thermal dissociation of water vapor - the same HYDROGEN and OXYGEN having a high temperature exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure, with a decrease in temperature to 700-900 ° C in front of the GAS turbine, which ensures its normal operation without cooling the blades.

. При этом достигается реализация высокого температурного перепада с Т₁=2500°С до Т₂=500-550°С и получение высокого КПД термодиссоционной газотурбинной установки 9, превышающего 50%.To reduce the length of the cylinders 19 GAS turbine can be performed with cooling, while the gas temperature in front of it is about 1400-1600 K / cm OK. Yugov "Coordination of the characteristics of the PLANE and ENGINE." M. Engineering, 1980, pp. 48-49 / 13 /. Compressed gases - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN with these parameters expand on a gas turbine to a temperature of 500-550 ° C, with obtaining useful power $$H_{\mathrm{one}}^G$$

. This achieves the realization of a high temperature difference from T ₁ = 2500 ° C to T ₂ = 500-550 ° C and obtaining high efficiency thermodissociation gas turbine unit 9, exceeding 50%.

At the same time, equalization of gas pressure and their speed before entering the GAS turbine is ensured, moreover, gases - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN with a large mass in the long cylinders of 19 WAVE COMPRESSORS, due to which a high efficiency of the GAS turbine itself is achieved due to a significant reduction in the kinetic energy loss behind the impeller and a slight change in the angle of attack when the gases flow around the blades / cm. 9. p. 63, 70-71 /.

IN WAVE COMPRESSOR 18, 19 one gas "A" - the products of the dissociation of water vapor - HYDROGEN and OXYGEN with high temperature and pressure EXPAND in nozzles 18 and cylinders 19 and compress another gas "B" - the same HYDROGEN and OXYGEN, while compressed gases up to pressure "P" they have a large volume and mass, but a low speed V m / s, which ensures that when they flow around the working blades of a GAS turbine, a high efficiency of the turbine / cm is achieved. 12, section "Wave machines".

The WAVE COMPRESSORS 52, 53 of the steam turbine unit 10 have the same design, which ensures the high effective efficiency of the MAIN POWER INSTALLATION and the reliability of its operation on the new energy carrier - WATER / cm. patent No. 2386825 dated 04/20/2010 g /. For reference. A well-known wave machine is, for example, the COMPREX installation of the Swiss company Brown Bowery, which serves to compress air in a gas turbine installation using exhaust gases.

On page 12 of the description it is said that "condensate is discharged into the sea and is not involved in the MAIN POWER INSTALLATION work processes again." It should be borne in mind that WATER is obtained after cooling steam in known steam-powered plants, for example, at thermal power plants, thermal power plants, etc., operating on a completely different principle.

However, it is known that H ₂ O water is a mixture of 18 different substances, taking into account the presence of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in it, while it contains in small quantities: heavy water D ₂ O and superheavy water T ₂ O. In addition not only the thermal properties of water are unusual, mechanical and electrical features also contribute to the reputation of water as the most UNUSUAL SUBSTANCE OF THE UNIVERSE / see M.L. White, V.G. Levadny. "The molecular structure of water", Knowledge, Physics, M. 1987/11, p. 5, 9/14 /.

It should be noted that the use of a combined design for thermal decomposition of water in plasma-chemical heaters 13 and reactors 14 with induction heating of a low-temperature plasma-mixture of water vapor, ionized gases-HYDROGEN and OXYGEN and lightly ionizing additives in the form of sodium or potassium entering reactors with a frequency of 100 cycles / sec and more, reduces the efficiency of obtaining HYDROGEN and OXYGEN with high temperature parameters exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure. However, in order to effectively stabilize the arc discharges between the Cathodes 28 and the ANODES 32 and reduce the voltage at a vapor temperature T≥2000 ° C, this scheme is applied.

At the same time, the parameters of the voltage of arc discharges for various parameters of PAIR in plasma-chemical heaters 13, their processes can be established only experimentally, while the MAIN POWER PLANT can work the same way as with a combined design - plasma-chemical heaters 13 and reactors 14, so and only with plasma-chemical heaters / plasma-chemical reactors 13 /, in which the complete decomposition of water vapor in the nozzles-ANODES 32 with the production of HYDROGEN and OXYGEN at a temperature e exceeding 2,500 ° C and high pressure to their accumulation in the cylinders, such reactors 14 connected to the expanding nozzles 18 and cylinders 19 WAVE compressor.

Thus, the MAIN POWER PLANT can operate according to two OPTIONS of the design of devices for thermal decomposition or thermal dissociation of water vapor to produce HYDROGEN and OXYGEN, with high temperature parameters exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure. Shirt 117 of the cooling system of the steam turbine unit, condenser 118 of the steam turbine unit 66, 67.

A vessel with a small area of a hydrogen-fueled waterline, in which WATER is the energy carrier for the operation of the MAIN POWER PLANT, when implemented, has several advantages over vessels using hydrocarbon fuel and nuclear energy.

Firstly, a clean atmosphere is achieved due to the absence of flue gases, which in large volumes are released into the atmosphere by ships using hydrocarbon fuels.

Secondly, huge savings in material and financial resources are achieved, since WATER has a significantly lower cost and is easily available in comparison with oil and nuclear fuel - uranium.

Vessels with a small area of hydrogen waterline can be used on rivers, lakes, seas and oceans, which ensures the development of previously inaccessible areas of the earth. After all, fresh water can be obtained for the operation of the MAIN POWER PLANTS in desalination plants. Moreover, these installations are installed on ships with a small area of the waterline.

The second important direction of using MAIN POWER PLANTS of vessels with a small waterline area is to use them to generate HYDROGEN and OXYGEN / explosive gas / by using only a thermodissociation gas turbine unit 9, while the spent HYDROGEN and OXYGEN from the refrigerator 60 are sent not to the steam turbine unit 10, and consumers of explosive gas, which is less explosive than natural gas methane, for use in utilities, industry, agriculture and many other industries yah economy.

The new MAIN POWER INSTALLATION is relatively simple in design, and its individual components: plasma-chemical heaters 13 / plasmatrons /, reactors, turbines, combustion chambers, compressors have long been mastered by the industry and therefore have a low cost.

The widespread use of MAIN POWER INSTALLATIONS of vessels with a small waterline area will gradually displace ships using nuclear energy and hydrocarbon fuel, while ensuring the birth and surge of new technologies in various areas of the economy:

- in year-round cultivation and manufacture of food products of a strategic product of people through the widespread construction of greenhouses, including multi-story greenhouses, skyscrapers,

- the transfer of all passenger transport in cities and villages to electric energy, including freight and passenger transport,

- in construction by manufacturing houses from plastic.

Claims (1)

A vessel with a small area of hydrogen-fuel waterline, containing a surface hull mounted on streamlined supports on underwater hulls, a steam-powered launcher placed in a surface hull, fresh water tanks, main power units with steam condensers for using water as an energy carrier and obtaining useful power, including TWO power units - a thermodissociation gas turbine unit and a steam turbine unit connected by a shaft with an electric generator connected to an electric panel steam generators on spent hydrogen and oxygen of thermodissociation gas turbine units connected by steam lines to steam collectors and plasma-chemical heaters of the main power plants and refrigerators for cooling the hydrogen and oxygen spent in them, steam generators connected to the cooling system on the liquid metal coolant of the main power plants connected to steam turbines connected to electric generators connected to electrical panels and to capacitors, plasma power supplies imicheskih heaters and reactors, motors connected to propellers, installed on the underwater hull,
The thermodissociation gas-turbine installation for obtaining useful power and an energy source - hydrogen and oxygen is made with plasma-chemical heaters uniformly spaced around the circumference to heat water vapor to temperatures exceeding 2000 ° C, connected to a power source, connected on one side by valve mechanisms with a steam collector with high temperature and pressure, and on the other with reactors for the thermal dissociation of water vapor and the production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C, connected to a power source containing a high frequency generator and a capacitor bank, connected to expanding nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors having nozzles for injecting water or liquid metal into them, connected to a gas turbine mounted on a shaft connected to an electric generator, and equipped with an exhaust pipe for the release of spent hydrogen and oxygen into the steam generator, or
the thermodissociation gas turbine unit is made with plasma-chemical reactors for the thermal dissociation of water vapor and the production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure, connected on one side by valve mechanisms with a high pressure and temperature steam collector, and on the other with cylinders, connected to expanding nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors having nozzles for injecting water or liquid metal, connected to a gas turbine mounted on a shaft, dsoedinennom to generator and provided with an outlet pipe for discharging the exhaust hydrogen and oxygen into a steam generator,
in this case, plasma-chemical heaters, reactors for thermal dissociation of water vapor and production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C or plasma-chemical reactors, expanding nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors have jackets for the circulation of coolant - liquid metal coolant and water - for cooling the walls of reactors for thermal dissociation of water vapor and the production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C,
plasma-chemical heaters or plasma-chemical reactors contain a casing with a jacket, a lid and a cap, with a cathode electrode fixed in the casing in the insulation layer, communicating with a cooled anode nozzle, mounted at an angle to the axis of the reactors for thermal dissociation of water vapor and the production of hydrogen and oxygen with temperature exceeding 2500 ° C, or plasma-chemical heaters or plasma-chemical reactors are located in one block with nozzles located in them for injection of a lightly ionizing additive located along the axis of the reactors, while on the body of the plasma chemical heater or plasma chemical reactor there is a valve mechanism with an inlet valve for the inlet of high pressure and temperature water vapor,
the valve mechanism includes a housing with a pipe for supplying steam, an intake valve with a limiter and a spring, made in the form of a tubular slider, muffled on one side, located in a cylinder mounted on a housing having windows in the walls of the tubular slider of the inlet valve and the cylinder for steam to enter plasma chemical heater or in a plasma chemical reactor,
a reactor for thermal dissociation of water vapor and production of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature exceeding 2500 ° C and high pressure is made of ceramic material with a ring inductor made of copper pipes and a jacket for circulation and cooling of the walls of the reactor and inductor with water,
a steam turbine installation for the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen and obtaining useful power is made with an axial compressor connected in series with elongated nozzles, combustion chambers uniformly spaced around the circumference, including nozzles for igniting hydrogen in oxygen by injecting gaseous jets of products of thermal dissociation of an electrically conductive liquid, with expanding nozzles and cylinders of wave compressors connected to a steam turbine mounted on a shaft connected to an electric for generators, and is provided with a discharge duct for the exhaust steam released in the condenser,
the nozzle for igniting hydrogen in oxygen contains a housing with nozzles for supplying electrically conductive fluid connected to cylindrical channels located inside the housing in a layer of insulating material, on one side of which electrodes are mounted connected to a pulse generator, and on the other, nozzles are made angled nozzles communicating with the explosive chamber having a bottom with openings for the exit of gas jets.

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