RU2523674C1 - Lung ventilation apparatus for newborns - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus comprises indicators, an oxygen input connected through a dropping reducer to a breathing valve, an atmospheric input connected to a bactericide filter, an air-oxygen mixture and a flow-control device attached, a flow metre, a safety valve, a pressure relief branch and a tee-joint with an attached pressure sensor and an 'Inhalation' nozzle. The apparatus is additionally provided with an in-built air pump an input of which is pneumatically connected to the air-oxygen mixture provided with an oxygen concentration controller in the gas mixture, and an output - to a pulsation damper connected to the flow-control device and a back-flow adjusting valve. The air pump is electrically connected to an external power source. The safety valve is provided with a pressure level adjuster.

EFFECT: higher patient's safety, enhancing the apparatus.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of medical technology, namely, devices for artificial lung ventilation (IVL), and can be used in anesthesiology, intensive care and intensive care to replace the temporarily lost ventilation function of the body, mainly for newborns.

A common problem of the birth of a newborn is his first breath or the beginning of independent breathing. Sometimes such a breath for various reasons does not occur. In this case, the newborn is connected to a ventilator.

The prior art apparatus for artificial lung ventilation, containing a series-connected source of compressed air, a pressure reduction gearbox and a control unit including a series-connected gearbox, an injector and a throttle for adjusting minute ventilation and a control unit for ventilation parameters, while the non-return valve and throttle pressure relief are installed in the control unit between the gearbox and the control unit ventilation parameters (see patent for the invention No. 2147427 "Artificial ventilation apparatus l soft ", the filing date of 04.08.1998, published on 20.04.2000, the).

A known ventilator apparatus comprising a compressed oxygen pressure stabilizer, a metering device, a gas control flow distributor, an electronic control system, a controlled expiratory valve, a regulator for restricting inspiratory pressure and outlet end pressure, a patient line, a pressure meter, a differential pressure stabilizer of compressed oxygen, a safety valve, additional inspiratory valve, inspiratory generator, differential pressure air stabilizer, pressure regulator, blocking unit, controlled sour check valve kind, controlled by the non-return valve of the overhead line (see patent for the invention No. 2085176 "Mechanical ventilation apparatus", filing date 09/12/1994, published July 27, 1997).

In addition, an artificial lung ventilation apparatus is known, including a flow generator, a patient’s tee, a control system, flow rate and pressure sensors in the upper respiratory tract, which are pneumatically connected to the patient’s tee, and electrically to the control system, while it is equipped with a gas distribution device, which contains a throttle-regulator of inspiration, a throttle-regulator of exhalation and a proportional electro-pneumatic regulator, moreover, the throttle-regulator of inspiration is connected by a pneumatic input to the output g flow generator, with a pneumatic output - with the inspiratory line of the patient’s tee, and an electric input - with the first electrical output of the control system, an exhalation throttle-regulator with a pneumatic input connected to the expiratory line of the patient’s tee, a pneumatic output - with the atmosphere, and an electric input - with a second electrical output control systems, a proportional electro-pneumatic controller with a pneumatic input connected to a source of compressed oxygen, a pneumatic output - with the inspiratory line of the patient's tee atmosphere swarm, and with an electrical input - with the third electrical output of the control system (see patent for the invention No. 2174386 "Mechanical ventilation apparatus", filing date 12/29/1998, publication date September 27, 2000).

A known artificial lung ventilation apparatus comprising a pneumatically coupled constant flow generator, an inspiratory line with pressure flow sensors and a suction relief valve, a patient tee connected with inspiratory and expiratory lines, the oxygen concentration sensor and a first non-return valve in series at the output of the constant flow generator, a second check valve installed at the inlet to the controlled exhalation valve, in addition, additional ul the pressure source and the oxygen supply unit, and the output of the pressure source module is pneumatically connected through the atmospheric air intake valve to the oxygen supply unit and the input of the constant flow generator, while the oxygen supply unit is made in the form of a pneumatically coupled adjustable throttle, pressure regulator and the first proportional solenoid valve moreover, the input of the first proportional solenoid valve is connected to the output of the pressure regulator, and the pressure source module for controlled the exhalation valve is made in the form of pneumatically coupled diaphragm pump, the second proportional solenoid valve and pneumatic distributor, the output of the diaphragm pump pneumatically connected to the inlet of the second proportional electromagnetic valve and through the pneumatic distributor with the control cavity of the controlled expiratory valve, and the pneumatic distributor output pneumatically connected to the inlet of the atmospheric air intake valve (cm. utility model patent No. 108973 “Ventilation apparatus”, filing date April 19, 2011, published October 10, 2011).

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a ventilator for newborns and children Bear Cub 750psv "Cardinal Health, and Viasys Respiration Care Inc.", manufactured in the USA, which is a system that allows ventilation with constant positive pressure or with positive expiratory pressure, establish any oxygen concentration and properly moisturize and heat the air-oxygen mixture. In addition, it is possible to adjust the composition of the respiratory gas mixture using rotameters. The device is equipped with indicators, as well as a microcompressor connected to it.

The known device comprises an oxygen supply inlet connected through a reduction gear with a pulmonary automaton, an atmospheric air inlet connected to a bactericidal filter, an air-oxygen mixture mixer and a flow regulator pneumatically connected to them, a rotameter, a safety valve, a pressure relief pipe, and a tee with connected to it with a pressure sensor and a pipe “Inhale” (see http: //kolar-sv.comkatalogtovara/oborudovaniedlyait/reanimatornovorozhdennh).

The disadvantages of this apparatus are due to the inability to carry out work in case of an emergency, namely, turning off the oxygen supply.

The technical result, the achievement of which the claimed invention is directed, is to increase the safety of the patient, expanding the operational capabilities of the device.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the artificial lung ventilation apparatus for newborns, including indicating means, an oxygen supply inlet connected through a reduction gear with a pulmonary automaton, an air supply inlet connected to a bactericidal filter, an air-oxygen mixture mixer and pneumatically attached to them flow regulator, rotameter, safety valve, pressure relief pipe and tee with connected pressure sensor and pipe "Inhale", according to the invention It is additionally equipped with a built-in microcompressor, the input of which is pneumatically connected to the air-oxygen mixture mixer, equipped with a regulator of oxygen concentration in the gas mixture, and the output - with a pulsation damper connected to the flow regulator and a check valve, while the microcompressor is electrically connected to an external power source , and the safety valve is equipped with a regulator to set the pressure level.

Light and sound indicators are used as indicators, while, for example, LEDs are used as light indicators, and dynamic loudspeakers are used as sound indicators.

In addition, the device can be additionally equipped with a means of presenting information, for example, an LCD, which displays all current information about the parameters of the breathing apparatus, as well as an inspiratory pressure monitoring sensor, an alarm device that triggers when the oxygen supply stops and a timer with an audible alarm giving a signal on the 1st, 5th and 10th minutes of work.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the electro-pneumatic circuit of the ventilator.

The ventilator includes a housing with a panel (not shown in the drawing), a high-pressure oxygen supply inlet 1, a reduction gear 2 connected to a pulmonary automaton 3, atmospheric air supply 4 connected to a bactericidal filter 5, while the pulmonary automat and a filter are connected to mixer 6, equipped with a regulator. Furs 7, a pulsation dampener 8, connected through a flow regulator 9 with a rotameter 10, a safety valve 11, a check valve 12, a tee-splitter 13, to which a pressure gauge 14 and a pipe “Inhale” 15 are connected, are connected to the mixer 6 pneumatically in series 7, an electric drive (motor) 16 is electrically connected, associated with the device operation control means 17 in the form of a power button connected to an external power source 18. The furs 7 and the drive 16 connected to them are an integrated microcomputer essor.

The device can be additionally equipped with a means of presenting information, for example, an LCD, as well as an inspiratory pressure monitoring sensor, an alarm that is triggered when the oxygen supply stops, and a timer with an audible alarm that signals the 1st, 5th, and 10th minutes of operation of the apparatus (not shown in the drawing).

The implementation of the invention is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation.

The inventive ventilator is a fully autonomous system that allows ventilation with constant positive pressure (SD PPD) or with positive expiratory pressure (PDKV), establish any necessary concentration of the air-oxygen mixture, and also adjust the necessary composition and volume of flow.

This device allows you to ventilate patients weighing 0.25 kg and above for a long time.

An alarm is given in the event of a pressure drop in the system of less than 1.5 atm. In the event of an interruption in the supply of oxygen, the apparatus switches to the existing emergency mode of operation from atmospheric air while maintaining the ventilation parameters.

The main element of the device is the built-in microcompressor, which supplies a stream of air-oxygen mixture of a given composition and size to the respiratory circuit.

The components of the gas mixture inhaled by the patient, oxygen and atmospheric air enter through the corresponding suction lines 1, 4, while the oxygen first passes through a reduction gear 2, which reduces the high pressure of the gas flow to the level required for the pulmonary machine 3, while the oxygen comes from the standard hospital wiring (not shown in the drawing). The input of atmospheric air 4 located parallel to the input 1 is pneumatically connected to the bactericidal filter 5, which purifies the incoming air from dust and bacteria, while the air is taken directly from the room. The lung machine 3 and filter 5 are connected to a mixer 6, in which the incoming oxygen and atmospheric air purified by filter 5 are mixed. The required oxygen concentration in the gas-air mixture is set manually using the control knob, which is equipped with a mixer 6.

The resulting air-oxygen mixture from the mixer 6 is taken pneumatically connected to it and built-in bellows 7 and then fed into the chamber of the pulsation dampener 8, which reduces to the required level the pulsations created by the microcompressor, which, in turn, is electrically through the electric drive 16, control of the operation of the device 17 is connected with an external power source 18, to which are also connected means for indicating the operation of the device (not shown), associated with the pulmonary automaton 3 and in the quality of which light and sound indicators are used, while the light indicators are made, for example, in the form of LEDs, and the sound indicators are in the form of dynamic loudspeakers.

Next, the mixture is fed into the flow regulator 9, by turning the handle of which the doctor sets the level of flow of the air-oxygen mixture necessary for the patient. The volume of the flow is indicated by a rotameter 10, from which the gas-air mixture passes to the safety valve 11, equipped with a regulator, with the help of which the doctor sets the level of flow pressure necessary for the patient. Overpressure is released through a non-return control valve 12. In addition, the pressure in the patient line is controlled through a tee-splitter 13 with a pressure gauge 14. A “Inhale” pipe is connected to the tee, connected directly to the patient 15 using a face mask or endotracheal tube, or nasal cannula .

The duration of the inspiration is set by the doctor using the control panel located on the device.

The inventive ventilator for newborns allows you to implement a wide range of different modes of operation. In addition, it is a compact, fully autonomous system that provides ventilation of the lungs in any conditions, even in the event of a disconnection of the oxygen supply line.

Claims (5)

1. An artificial lung ventilation apparatus for newborns, including indicating means, an oxygen supply inlet connected through a reduction gear with a pulmonary automaton, an atmospheric air inlet connected to a bactericidal filter, an air-oxygen mixture mixer and a flow regulator pneumatically attached to them, a rotameter, safety valve, pressure relief pipe and tee with a pressure sensor connected to it and a pipe "Inhale", characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a built-in microcompress ohm, the input of which is pneumatically connected to the air-oxygen mixture mixer, equipped with a regulator of oxygen concentration in the gas mixture, and the output - with a pulsation damper connected to the flow regulator and a check valve, while the microcompressor is electrically connected to an external power source, and the safety valve equipped with a regulator to set the pressure level. 2. The artificial lung ventilation apparatus for newborns according to claim 1, characterized in that light and sound indicators are used as indicating means, while, for example, LEDs are used as light indicating means, and dynamic loudspeakers are used as sound means. 3. The artificial lung ventilation apparatus for newborns according to claim 1, characterized in that it is further equipped with an inspiratory pressure monitoring sensor. 4. The artificial lung ventilation apparatus for newborns according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an emergency alarm that is triggered in the event of an interruption in oxygen supply. 5. The artificial lung ventilation apparatus for newborns according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a timer with an audible alarm.

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