RU2513070C1 - Float wave electric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for electric power generation by conversion of wave energy. The power plant consists of a streamline water-tight float 1 and a cylindrical body 3 placed vertically inside the float with a pendulum 4 located inside the body. The pendulum 4 is suspended to the end of a cable 5 which is thrown over a block 6 installed at a rotating axis 7. The other end of the cable 5 is connected to an anchor 9 placed at the bottom. A rotor with permanent magnets of electric generator 10 is connected to the rotating axis 7 of the block. A stator of the generator 10 is fixed in the body 3. The stator winding of the generator 10 is connected to the input of a charger 11 while the output of the charger 11 is connected to an accumulator battery 13 which is located together with the charger 11 in an instrumentation module in the upper part of the float 1.

EFFECT: invention is oriented to increase in power, reduction in dimensions and weight of the float wave electric power plant.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of electricity, in particular, without negative impact on the environment by converting wave energy.

An analogue is, for example, a float wave power plant (RF patent No. 2016227, published July 16, 1994). The installation comprises a floating housing and a mechanical converter located in the housing, including an inertial pendulum having a spring suspension and mounted with the possibility of vertical reciprocating movement, which has a kinematic connection in the form of a ball screw with an electric generator.

Closest to the proposed float wave power plant is a float wave power plant (RF patent No. 2037642, published 06/19/1995). The float wave power plant contains a vertically sealed enclosure (float) with an energy converter located in it, made in the form of a linear electric generator. The winding of the generator’s armature is fixed to the inner wall of the housing, and the inductor is made in the form of an inertial mass with permanent magnets, and is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement by means of elastic elements, while the frequency of the oscillator’s natural oscillations is comparable with the oscillation frequency of the housing in water when exposed to a wave.

In the prototype, when exposed to a wave float power station, vertical vibrations of the sealed enclosure occur, causing forced oscillations of the permanent magnet inductor mounted on the elastic elements, which are converted by the generator stator into electrical energy.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are the low power output that can provide a float wave power plant, the large mass and dimensions of the power plant.

The output electric power of the float wave power plant depends on the mechanical power that the oscillatory system of the power plant develops. The methodology for calculating the mechanical power of a float wave power plant is given in RF patent No. 2037642. Define by this technique the mechanical energy of an oscillating pendulum, the role of which in the prototype is played by the inductor. We take the mass of the pendulum m = 100 kg, the oscillation amplitude A = 0.2 m and the oscillation period equal to the period of the waves, T = 3 s. The oscillation frequency will be ω = 2 · π / Т = 2.1 1 / s, and the mechanical energy possessed by the pendulum for given oscillation parameters will be equal to

$$E=\frac{m\cdot A^2\cdot {\omega }^2}{2}=17.6D\mathrm{well}$$

During the oscillation period T, the pendulum accumulates such energy twice when the equilibrium state passes, hence the mechanical power that can be converted into electrical power will be equal to

$$P=\frac{2\cdot E}{T}=11.7\mathrm{AT}t$$

It should be noted that when converting mechanical energy to the electrical part of the power will be lost. Obviously, the mechanical power of the oscillating pendulum is very small and such a float wave power station is not profitable.

The present invention will allow you to create a float wave power plant with the same mass of the pendulum and vibration parameters with a significantly more powerful power plant or to reduce its dimensions and weight at equal power with the prototype.

This is achieved by the fact that in a float wave power plant containing a streamlined sealed float and a cylindrical body vertically located inside the float with a pendulum placed in it, the pendulum is suspended at the end of the cable, which is thrown through a block mounted on a rotating axis, the other end of this cable is attached to the anchor mounted on the bottom, and the rotor of the electric generator with permanent magnets is attached to the axis of the block, the stator of which is fixed to the housing, while the stator winding of the electric generator and connected to the charger, and the output of the charger is connected to the battery, which together with the charger is located in the instrument compartment at the top of the float.

The increase in the output power of the float wave power plant is achieved due to the fact that in the proposed float wave power plant, non-mechanical energy accumulated by an inertial pendulum suspended on elastic elements is converted into electrical energy, as this happens in the prototype. When the navigation buoy is raised to the wave crest, the mechanical energy of the movement of the sealed enclosure is converted into electric energy under the action of the Archimedes force together with the stator of the electric generator relative to the stabilizing ballast and the linear electric generator connected to the rotor ballast. When the float wave power station is lowered from the wave crest, the mechanical energy of the motion of the stabilizing ballast and the rotor attached to the ballast relative to the sealed housing and stator of the generator under the influence of the gravity of the ballast and rotor is converted into electrical energy. As will be shown below, the mechanical energy that can be converted into electrical energy with the same mass of the pendulum and the same vibration parameters in the proposed float wave power plant is much greater than in the prototype. And if the capacities of the proposed float wave power plant and the prototype are the same, then the mass and dimensions of the proposed float wave power plant will be much less.

Figure 1 shows an axial section of a float wave power plant. In Fig.2 is a diagram of a float wave power plant without a float and an anchor, in Fig.3 is a second variant of securing the cable to the housing.

Depicted in figure 1, the float wave power station has a sealed torus 1 in the form of a torus, divided by waterproof bulkheads 2 into compartments. In the inner cavity, a vertically arranged cylindrical body 3 is attached to the toroidal float 1 with a pendulum 4. The pendulum 4 is suspended at the end of the cable 5 thrown through the block 6, mounted on the rotating axis 7. The cable 5 on the other side of the block 6 passes through the guide, which can be made in the form of a pipe 8, attached to the cylindrical body 3 from the outside, and attached to the anchor 9, which is fixedly installed at the bottom of the reservoir. To the rotating axis 7 is attached the rotor of an electric generator 10 with permanent magnets. The stator winding of the electric generator 10 (figure 2) is connected by conductors to the input of the charger 11, located in a sealed compartment 12 in the upper part of the float. The output of the charger 11 is connected to the battery 13, also located in the sealed compartment 12.

The diagram in figure 2 shows the elements of a float wave power plant without a toroidal float 1 and anchor 9.

Float wave power plant operates as follows. In the initial state, in the absence of a wave, the pendulum 4 with its weight creates a tension force of the cable 5. This tension force of the cable 5 causes the float wave power station to be located above the anchor. When the wave approaches, the float 1 under the action of the Archimedes force emerges on the wave crest, the length of the cable part 5 from the armature 9 to block 6 increases, and the length of the cable part 5 from block 6 to the pendulum 4 decreases. In this case, the pendulum 4 rises, and when the cable 5 is displaced, block 6 rotates along with axis 7. Axis 7 rotates the rotor with the permanent magnets of the electric generator 10 when the block 6 rotates. An alternating voltage appears on the stator winding of the electric generator 10, which is fed to the input of the charger device 11, is rectified and fed from the output of the charger 11 to the battery 13, providing charging of the battery 13. To the battery 13 are connected consumers of electricity that may be on board the ship or on Yeah.

When descending from the crest of a wave of a float wave power station, the distance from block 6 to anchor 9 decreases, as a result, the pendulum 4 lowers, the distance from the pendulum 4 to block 6 increases, while the cable 5 rotates block 6 with axis 7 and the rotor of the electric generator 10. Electric generator 10 through the charger 11 again charges the battery 13.

When moving the cable 5 in the guide, made in the form of a pipe 8, significant friction forces can occur, which reduce the power of the float wave power station and lead to wear of the cable 5. To reduce the friction forces, the cable guides 5 can be made in the form of rotating rollers 14 (Fig. 3 ) attached in the rolling bearings to the cylindrical body 3. When the cable 5 is displaced, the rollers 14 rotate, there is no sliding of the cable 5 relative to the guide rollers 14, and the wear of the cable 5 is reduced.

Let us evaluate the mechanical oscillation power in the proposed float wave power plant, which can be converted into electric power by an electric generator with the same parameters of the pendulum and oscillations as the prototype considered above: pendulum mass m = 100 kg, oscillation amplitude A = 0.2 m, period oscillations T = 3 s. The maximum displacement of the pendulum will be Vm = A · ω = 0.42 m / s. When climbing a wave crest of a float wave power plant, the displacement of the sealed float 1 relative to the armature 9 occurs under the action of the force Fп, the maximum value of Fпmax is approximately equal

Fmax = Fa-Fe,

where Fa = γв · V · g is the force of Archimedes acting on the sealed float 1;

Fe - the weight of the float wave power plant with a pendulum 4 and a cable 5;

γw is the density of water;

V is the volume of the sealed float 1;

g is the acceleration of gravity.

When climbing a wave crest of a float wave power plant, the tension force Fнп of the cable 5, which creates the moment, the rotating unit 6 and the rotor of the electric generator 10, is equal to Фп

Fnp = Fp.

When the float wave power station descends from the crest of the wave, the tension force Fns of the cable 5, which creates the moment, the rotating block 6 and the rotor of the electric generator 10, is approximately equal to the weight of the pendulum 5

Fns = m · g.

Hence, the mechanical energy of rotation of the block 6 and the rotor of the electric generator 10 when lifting the float wave power plant to the crest of the wave is

Wmp = Fnp · Vm.

The mechanical energy of rotation of the block 6 and the rotor of the electric generator 10 when the float wave power station is lowered from the wave crest is

Wms = Fns · Vm.

Since the buoy oscillation period is T = 3 s, one can find the average mechanical rotation power of the block 6 and the rotor of the electric generator 10

Rm = (Wmp + Wms) / T.

Define PM when the weight of the float wave power plant with a pendulum 4 and a cable 5 Fe = 200 kg, Archimedes force Fa = 300 kg and the same vibration parameters as for the prototype. According to these parameters, we obtain

Fmax = Fa-Fe = 100 kg = 980 N;

Wmpmax = Fpmax · Vm = 411 J;

Wms = m · g · Vm = 205 J;

Rmmax = (Wmp + Wms) / T = 205 W.

If we assume that when climbing a wave crest, only part of the mechanical power Wmpmax, equal to Wms, is used, then we get Рm = 137 W.

As can be seen, the mechanical power of the proposed float wave power plant with the same mass of the pendulum and vibration parameters is significantly increased in comparison with the prototype. This means that the electric power generated by the electric generator also increases many times. If the power of the proposed float wave power plant and the prototype are the same, then the mass and dimensions of the pendulum and, therefore, all other elements of the power plant, the proposed float wave power plant will be much less than that of the prototype.

Claims (1)

A float wave power plant containing a streamlined sealed float and a cylindrical body vertically located inside the float with a pendulum housed in it, characterized in that the pendulum is suspended from the end of the cable, which is thrown through a block mounted on a rotating axis, the other end of this cable is attached to an anchor installed at the bottom, and to the rotating axis of the block is connected the rotor of an electric generator with permanent magnets, the stator of which is mounted on a cylindrical body, while the stator winding ektricheskogo generator is connected to an input of the charger, and the charger output is connected to the battery, which, together with the charger is located in the instrument compartment in the upper part of the float.

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