RU2497377C1 - Chicken fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to poultry farming, in particular, to a chicken fodder. The chicken fodder contains sources of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and mineral substances as well as a functional additive. The fodder contains carbohydrate sources represented by buckwheat screenings offal and crushed rice, the protein source is represented by soya extraction cake, the vitamins and mineral substances sources are represented by pumpkin rind and fish bone meal at the following ratio, g/kg of the fodder: buckwheat screenings - 290-300, crushed rice - 290-300, soya extraction cake - 35-45, pumpkin rind - 330-340, fish bone meal - 15-25; the functional additive is represented by Alaska pollock liver fat and "Fukolam-S" in an amount of 0.9-1.0% and 0.05-0.10% of the fodder weight, respectively.

EFFECT: proposed invention usage will allow to increase birds performance and improve yolk colour.

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Description

The invention relates to poultry, specifically to feed compositions for chickens.

The rapid growth of poultry in recent years is explained by the need for the rapid reproduction of the high-value food products that it supplies, such as meat and poultry eggs. The success of its development is directly related to the state of the feed base, since it is well known that increasing the biological value of poultry products depends on the composition of the feed used, for which it is important to enrich it with natural sources of biologically active substances, which leads to an improvement in the quality of both the feed itself and significantly improves the quality of poultry products.

Known food for poultry, including cereal flour, fat-free rice bran, fish meal, calcium, vegetable or animal oils or fat, vitamins, and additionally containing a mixture of wood vinegar and seaweed powder (wz Japan No. 5192091). This composition allows you to reduce the fragility of eggs.

Known feed based on cereal waste in the form of waste rice and / or buckwheat and / or millet with the addition of fat-free meat, bone, or meat, or bone pulp (paragraph RF №2125810, IPC A23K 1/00).

Known feed used to increase the egg productivity of laying hens and containing wheat, barley, sunflower meal, soybean meal, fish meal, vegetable oil, corn, bran, limestone, monocalcium phosphate, premix (cl. RF 2370099, IPC A23K 1/165 )

In order to increase the productivity of poultry, improve the color of the yolk and maintain an optimal level of linoleic acid, sunflower oil and dry palm fat CAF 100 are introduced into the feed in a ratio of 1: 1 (Cl. RF No. 2303878 A23K 1/16).

Known feed additives consisting of pumpkin paste obtained by fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and canned benzoic acid. The additive is introduced into the feed in an amount of 5-7% of the feed weight for fortification and pigmentation of chicken eggs during the growing process (items of the Russian Federation. 2298941, 2289947 IPC A23K 1/10, A23K 1/16).

Known food for chickens containing a set of plant components - hawthorn, ginger, red rice, lotus leaf extract, hemp fruit and a number of other components, which allows you to get eggs with low cholesterol (Z. China No. 101756073).

Known additive to chicken feed, consisting of fish oil, algae powder and flax seeds, which is introduced into the feed in an amount of 4-8% to increase the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a chicken egg 5-6 times (z.China No. 101444256 (A) IPC A23K 1/16).

Known chicken feed, in which, to obtain an egg of improved taste with a reduced cholesterol content, an α-linolenic acid in an amount of 0 is added to the base feed, containing conventional feed components such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and / or minerals, 5-15 wt.% By weight of the feed and antioxidant. Flaxseed oil is used as a source of α-linolenic acid (Cl. RF No. 2185743, IPC A23K 1/16). In accordance with the invention, the content of α-linolenic acid in egg fat is from 3 to 15%. This solution was chosen by us as a prototype.

A certain limitation in the use of feed of such a composition is the need to use antioxidants to obtain the desired result.

The objective of the invention is the expansion of the range of feed for chickens to produce high-quality chicken eggs.

The technical result is a change in the fatty acid composition of the eggs in the direction of increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as a decrease in the egg protein / yolk ratio by weight.

The problem is solved by chicken feed, which includes sources of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals and a functional supplement, while production waste - buckwheat flour and crushed rice, as a source of protein - soybean meal, vitamins and mineral substances - pumpkin peel and fish bone meal in the following proportions, g / kg of feed:

Buckwheat flour - 290-300

Crushed Rice - 290-300

Soybean meal - 35-45

Pumpkin Peels - 330-340

Fish bone meal - 15-25,

and as a functional additive use fat from pollock liver and “Fucolam C” in the amount, respectively, of 0.9-1.0% and 0.05-0.10% of the feed weight.

The inventive composition containing the necessary nutrients, which are taken in the amount and ratio necessary to create a balanced feed, with a new functional dietary supplement in the form of fat from pollock liver and Fucolam C, allows you to get chicken eggs with improved fatty acid composition and increased weight of yolk, leads to a functional product, the consumption of which helps to lower cholesterol in the blood, normalize lipid-carbohydrate metabolism, positively affects the state of the digestive tract.

Fucolam-C introduced into the feed is a biological food supplement developed at the Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and is a composition of polysaccharides of brown alga Fucus evanescens (fucoidan and polymannuronic acid) [RU 2315487 C1, 01/27/2008] and laminals. It is approved for use as a source of immunoactive polysaccharides and soluble dietary fiber [state registration certificate No. 77.99.23.3. U.71549.3.07. dated March 12, 2007]. 100 g of fucolam-C contains at least 60% fucoidan. Fucolam C is a source of immunoactive polysaccharides and soluble dietary fiber. The dose of fucoidan was calculated from a proportion of 50 mg / kg of animal weight (MP 2.3.1.19510-04 "Rational nutrition. Recommended levels of nutritional and biologically active substances", MP 2.3.1.2432-08 "Norms of physiological energy and nutrient requirements for different groups population of the Russian Federation ").

Used fat from pollock liver corresponded to GOST 9393-82. The food is prepared in a standard way. The main stages of preparing poultry feeds are: mechanical grinding, manual mixing of the ingredients, adding water (usually 50% of the feed weight) and cooking for 20 minutes at 100 ° C, cooling, adding fat and Fucolam C, manual mixing, obtaining granular powder, packaging, transportation and storage. Before feeding, the food is poured with water and wet food (mash) is given to the chickens.

To study the effect of feed on the quality of eggs, comparative analyzes of the obtained eggs from the experimental group were carried out with a control, which was used as eggs obtained from laying hens, whose feed, in contrast to the experiment, did not contain fat from pollock liver and Fucolam C.

Feeding and keeping rates were chosen in accordance with well-known recommendations (VNIITIP, Publishing House Sergiev Posad, 2003). There were no restrictions on chicken drinking. Chickens of laying hens of the Ptichnoye cross of the Breed Brown breed were fed 3 times a day with a single dose of food in 150-200 g. Each group consisted of 50 hens. At the beginning of the trials, the chickens had 120 days each. The claimed chicken feed was fed for 90 days. The eggs were stored in a special storage at a temperature of 10 to 12 ° C.

The composition of the experimental (claimed) feed in terms of 1 kg of the finished mixture was as follows: the sources of carbohydrates were waste products from the cereal production of buckwheat flour and crushed rice, protein sources - soybean meal, vitamins and minerals - pumpkin peel and fish meal in the following ratios, g / kg feed:

Buckwheat flour - 295.9

Crushed Rice - 295.9

Soybean meal - 44.4

Pumpkin Peels - 333.3

Fish bone meal - 20.0

Pollock liver fat - 10

Fucolam C - -0.5.

For the control group, the composition of the feed was similar, without the addition of fat and Fucolam C.

To study the effect of feed on the fatty acid composition of obtained eggs in comparison with the control, an analysis of eggs from the experimental and control groups by gas chromatography was carried out in accordance with GOST R 51483-99 "Vegetable oils and animal fats." For analysis, 100 eggs were taken, 50 pieces from each group.

The results are presented in table 1, which shows the composition and content of the most important and undergoing significant changes in fatty acids

Table 1 The fatty acid composition of eggs from laying hens, the full ration of which consisted of the claimed (experience) and standard feed The systematic name for fatty acids The control (%) Experience (%) Saturated LCD Tetradecane 0.53 0.39 Hexadecane 20.01 25.61 Cis-7-hexadecene 1.96 3,51 79% increase Heptadecane 0.24 0.18 Octadecane 8.68 7.77 Unsaturated LCDs omega 6 Cis vaccine 41.67 43.16 3.5% increase Octadecadienic 19.08 13.59 omega 3 Octadecatriene 0.86 0.57 Docosotetrienic 1.34 1.7 26.8% increase Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPC) 0.28 0.15 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) 1.72 1.16 LCD Amount 99.43 99,2 Saturated LCD 33.95 29.46 13% reduction Monoen. LCD 53.66 55.36 Increase 3% n-6 LCD 17.38 23.63 n-3 LCD 1.49 3.36 n-6 / n-3 LCD 7.03 11.66 65.8% increase Saturated LCD 33.95 29.46 13.2% reduction PUFA 26,99 18.87 The correlation 1.09 1.8

As can be seen from table 1, the eggs obtained as a result of feeding the hens with the claimed food (experiment) are characterized by the fact that in their fatty acid composition the content of cis-7-hexadecenoic acid (PUFA) necessary for maintaining human health, which is a precursor to unsaturated fatty acids. The amount of cis-vaccenic acid increased by 3.5% (monounsaturated FA).

The amount of docosotetrienoic acid increased by 26.8%, a precursor to prostaglandins.

The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the experiment and control increased by 65.8% due to a decrease in omega-6. Both of these acids are indispensable, the body does not produce them and they come only with food. Increasing the amount of omega-3 fatty acids helps to reduce cholesterol in the yolk.

The number of monounsaturated fatty acids increased noticeably by 9.7%, with a lack of which weakness, fatigue, digestion, constipation develop in the human body, dry skin and hair, brittle nails. Accordingly, a 30% decrease in the content of saturated fatty acids is observed, which helps to lower cholesterol in human blood and favorably affects lipid metabolism in the human body.

The most important indicators of both the nutritional and commercial value of eggs are their weight and the ratio of yolk: protein. For the purpose of this assessment, during the experiments, we studied according to GOST R 52121-2003 such egg parameters as the weight of eggs, yolk, protein and their mass ratio (Table 2).

table 2 Group The mass of eggs, g Shell mass, g Mass of protein, g The mass of the yolk, g The ratio of protein: yolk Chicken eggs (experience) 53 6.3 25.1 21.6 1.2: 1 Chicken eggs (control) 52 6.2 30,2 15.6 1.9: 1

From the data presented in table 2 it is seen that in the experimental groups of eggs, the protein mass approaches the mass of the yolk.

Thus, the use of the claimed feed positively affected the quality of the eggs and their fatty acid composition and relative to the commodity value.

Commodity assessment of the quality of the eggs obtained was carried out according to organoleptic, microbiological and safety indicators in accordance with current regulatory documents:

1. GOST R 52121-2003 “Food eggs. Technical conditions ”(2004);

2. SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 "Hygienic requirements for safety and nutritional value of food products" (2002).

It was established that all eggs in organoleptic indices did not differ from those in the control group and met the requirements of GOST R 52121-2003 “Food eggs. Technical conditions. "

Organoleptic studies of test cooking of chicken eggs with their subsequent tasting in both experiments and in the control and in the experiment revealed that the yolk retains a pronounced aroma, the texture of the protein is delicate, and there are no foreign inclusions in the yolk or protein. The yolk in all groups of eggs with a longitudinal section occupied a central position, was convex, which characterizes the freshness of the eggs. Our results of studies on organoleptic quality assessment indicate the good quality of egg products in the absence of not only food differences, but also the taste advantages of the studied groups of chicken eggs.

In order to study the obtained enriched chicken eggs for compliance with SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 "Hygienic requirements for the quality and safety of food raw materials and food products", safety indicators were determined. The results of studies to determine the level of environmental safety showed that, in terms of the content of toxic elements, antibiotics, radionuclides and determined microbiological indicators (KMAFAnM, BGKP and pathogenic m / o, including salmonella), the obtained eggs satisfy the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01.

Thus, the claimed composition of the feed allows you to change the fatty acid composition and marketability of eggs, provides their high nutritional value and functional properties, which has a beneficial effect on the food products obtained during processing, and indicates the achievement of the technical result.

Claims (1)

Chicken feed containing sources of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals, as well as a functional supplement, characterized in that as sources of carbohydrates the feed contains waste products from buckwheat flour and crushed rice, as a source of protein - soybean meal, as sources of vitamins and minerals - pumpkin peel and fish bone meal in the following proportions, g / kg of feed:
Buckwheat flour 290-300 Ground rice 290-300 Soybean meal 35-45 Pumpkin peels 330-340 Fish bone meal 15-25,
and as a functional additive use fat from pollock liver and “Fucolam C” in the amount of 0.9-1.0% and 0.05-0.10% of the feed weight, respectively.