RU2496433C2 - Motorised cutting and fastening instrument which has control circuit for optimisation of battery application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine. Surgical instrument for cutting and fastening contains working organ and shaft, connected with working organ and with handle. Shaft contains drive circuit for power supply to working organ. Handle contains electric engine of constant current. Engine is connected with drive circuit for energy supply to drive circuit. Power source of constant current contains one or several batteries. Handle contains power regulator. Power regulator has inlet, connected with engine inlet. Power regulator contains power converter and control circuit for control of power converter. Circuit controls set value of voltage for conversion of power, in such a way that voltage, output from power source is lower than voltage at which power source produces maximal power.

EFFECT: operator has opportunity to perform better control of both rate and power of engine.

12 cl, 70 dwg

Description

Cross references to related applications

This application relates to the following applications registered simultaneously, and includes them as references:

- Motorized Surgical Cutting and Fastening Instrument Having Magnetic Drive Torque Limiting Device, Attorney Docket No. END6267USNP / 070389;

- Motorized Surgical Cutting and Fastening Instrument, Attorney Docket No. END6268USNP / 070390;

- Motorized Surgical Cutting and Fastening Instrument, Having Handle Based Power Source, Attorney Docket No. END6269USNP / 070391; and

- Motorized Surgical Cutting and Fastening Instrument Having RF Electrodes, Attorney Docket No. END6270USNP / 070392.

State of the art

Surgical staplers are used in the state of the art to simultaneously perform longitudinal dissection in tissues and superimpose lines of brackets on opposite sides of the dissection. Such instruments typically include a pair of interacting sponges which, if the instrument is intended for endoscopic or laparoscopic applications, are able to pass through the passage of the cannula. One of the jaws accommodates a staple cartridge having at least two laterally spaced rows of staples. Another sponge defines a support having pockets forming brackets oriented with rows of brackets in the cartridge. Such tools, as a rule, include a number of wedges that reciprocate, which, when moving far away, pass through the holes in the bracket cartridge and engage with the leading elements supporting the brackets to fire the brackets towards the support.

An example of a surgical stapler suitable for endoscopic applications is described in US Published Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0232196 A1, entitled “Surgical stapling instrument, having separate distinct opening and firing systems”, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. In use, the doctor is able to close the stapler lips on the tissue to position the tissue before firing. After the doctor determines that the sponges have gripped the tissue appropriately, the doctor can shoot with a surgical stapler, thereby cutting and stapling the tissue. The simultaneous steps of cutting and bonding eliminate the complications that may arise when such actions are performed sequentially using various surgical tools, which, respectively, only cut or fasten with brackets.

In addition to this, it is also known from the prior art to include electrodes in a working member that can be used to emit / receive radio frequency energy to form a hemostatic line along the dissection line. US Pat. No. 5,303,312, entitled “Electrosurgical hemostatic device” (hereinafter “Patent 312”), which is incorporated herein by reference, describes an electrosurgical instrument with a working member that compresses tissue between one pole (or electrode) of a bipolar energy source on one separating surface, and the second pole (or electrode) on the second dividing surface. Radio frequency energy is applied through the compressed tissue to the working body, which cauterizes the tissue. The working body described in 'Patent 312' also includes brackets for stapling tissue compressed in the working body.

Electric motorized surgical cutting and bonding tools in which the motor drives the cutting tool are also known in the prior art as described in published US patent application publication number 2007/0175962 A1 entitled “Motor-driven Surgical Cutting and fastening instrument with tactile position feedback, ”which is included here as a reference.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one general aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to surgical tools for cutting and bonding. The instruments may be endoscopic instruments, such as linear endoscopic cutting instruments or circular endoscopic cutting instruments, or laparoscopic instruments. Tools may contain brackets and / or radio-frequency electrodes for fastening tissue clamped in the working body.

Some embodiments described herein relate to cordless electric motor powered tools. Tools can be powered by a power supply unit containing a DC power source, such as one or more battery cells connected in series. The cell selector switch can control how many battery cells are currently used to power the engine, to control the power available to the engine. This enables the tool operator to better control both speed and engine power. In another embodiment, the tool may include a power regulator including, for example, a DC / DC voltage converter that controls the voltage applied to the motor. In addition, the set voltage value for the power controller can be set so that the voltage output from the power source is less than the voltage at which the power source delivers maximum power. Thus, a power source (for example, a series of battery cells connected in series) could operate on the “left” or increasing side of the power curve so that an increase in power is possible.

In addition, in accordance with various embodiments, the power source may include secondary battery devices, such as rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors. Such secondary battery devices can be recharged repeatedly with replaceable batteries. The charge control circuitry can control the charging of the secondary battery devices and provide various status signals, such as an alarm, when the charging of the secondary battery devices ends.

In another embodiment, a power supply unit containing secondary battery devices may be disconnected from the instrument and connected to a remote base charging device. The basic charging device can charge secondary battery devices, for example, from AC mains or from a battery. The base charging device may also comprise a processor and a memory unit. The data stored in the memory of the detachable power supply can be loaded into the base charging device, from which it can be downloaded for later use and analysis, for example, by the user (for example, a doctor), the manufacturer or seller of the instrument, and the like. The data may contain operating parameters, such as information about the charging cycle, as well as identification parameter values for various replaceable tool components, such as a bracket cartridge.

In addition, the tool may include a torque limiting device for limiting the torque exerted by the engine, thereby limiting the driving forces that can damage the components of the tool. According to various embodiments, the torque limiting devices may be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, or mechanical clamping devices connected (either directly or indirectly) to the output pole of the motor.

In another general aspect, the present invention is directed to radio frequency tools (i.e., surgical tools for cutting and bonding with electrodes on a working body for applying radio frequency energy to tissue held by the working body) with new types of electrode configurations. Typically, new electrode configurations include combinations of small active electrodes and large reverse electrodes. Small active electrodes are used to concentrate therapeutic energy on the tissue, while large reverse electrodes are mainly used to close the circuit with minimal impact on the interface of this tissue. Typically, return electrodes have a large mass and, for this reason, are able to remain colder during electrosurgical use.

In addition to this, the working element, in accordance with various embodiments, may comprise a number of collinear segmented active electrodes. The segmented electrodes can be powered synchronously or, more preferably, sequentially. Activating segmented electrodes sequentially provides the benefits of (1) reducing the need for instant power due to the smaller target area of tissue coagulation and (2) allowing other segments to be fired if one of them is shorted.

In addition to this, a number of mechanisms are described here for activating radio frequency electrodes and for articulating the working body.

Figures

Various embodiments of the present invention are described herein by way of example in combination with the following figures, in which:

Figures 1 and 2 are perspective views of a surgical tool for cutting and bonding, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 3-5 are exploded views of a tool body and tool shaft, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a side view of the working body, in accordance with various variants of implementation of the present invention;

Figure 7 is an exploded view of a tool handle in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 8 and 9 are partial perspective views of a handle in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a side view of a handle in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a circuit used in an instrument in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 12-14 and 17 are schematic diagrams of circuits used to power a tool engine, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 15 is a block diagram illustrating a charging control circuit in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

16 is a block diagram illustrating a basic charging device in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 18 illustrates a typical battery power curve;

Figures 19-22 illustrate embodiments of an electromagnetic device for clamping type torque limiting in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 23-25, 27-28, and 59 are views of a lower surface of a tool support, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 26, 53, 54 and 68 are front views of a cross section of a working member, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 29-32 show an embodiment of a working member having radio frequency electrodes, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 33-36 show another embodiment of a working member having radio frequency electrodes, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 37-40 show another embodiment of a final working member having radio frequency electrodes, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 41-44 show another embodiment of a working member having radio frequency electrodes, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 45-48 show another embodiment of a working member having radio frequency electrodes, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 49-52 show another embodiment of a working member having radio frequency electrodes, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 55 and 56 show side views of the working body, in accordance with various variants of implementation of the present invention;

Figure 57 is a schematic illustration of a tool handle in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 58 is a cutaway view of the handle of an embodiment of Figure 57, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 60-66 illustrate a multilayer printed circuit board, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 67 is a diagram illustrating a working member in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention; and

Figures 69 and 70 are a diagram of a tool containing a flexible neck assembly in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.

Description

Figures 1 and 2 depict a surgical tool for cutting and bonding 10, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. The illustrated embodiment is an endoscopic instrument and, as a rule, the embodiments of the instrument 10 described herein are endoscopic surgical instruments for cutting and stapling. It should be noted, however, that in accordance with other embodiments of the present invention, the instrument may be a non-endoscopic surgical instrument for cutting and stapling, such as a laparoscopic instrument.

The surgical tool 10, shown in Figures 1 and 2, contains a handle 6, a shaft 8 and an articulated working body 12, pivotally connected to the shaft 8 using the pin 14 of the articulated joint. The control of the articulated joint 16 may be provided next to the handle 6 for the rotation of the working body 12 around the pin 14 of the articulated joint. In the illustrated embodiment, the working body 12 is configured to act as a cutting endoscopic device for clamping, cutting and stapling tissue, although in other embodiments, various types of working bodies can be used, such as working bodies for other types of surgical devices, such such as clamps, knives, staplers, brackets, access devices, drug / gene therapy devices, ultrasound, radio frequency or azernye devices, and the like. Further details regarding RF devices can be found in 'Patent 312'.

The handle 6 of the tool 10 may include a closing trigger 18 and a firing trigger 20 for activating the working body 12. It will be understood that tools having working bodies aimed at various surgical tasks may have different numbers or types of triggers or other appropriate controls for the operation of the working body 12. The working body 12 is shown as separated from the handle 6 using a preferably elongated shaft 8. In one embodiment, the doctor or The tool operator 10 can articulate the working member 12 with the shaft 8 by using articulation control 16, as described in more detail in US Published Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0158385 A1, entitled “Surgical Instrument Having Articulating End Effector,” by Geoffrey C. Hueil et al., Which is incorporated herein by reference.

The working body 12 includes, in this example, among other things, a channel 22 for the brackets and an axially moving clamping element, such as a support 24, which is supported at a certain distance, which ensures effective fastening and cutting of the tissue clamped in the working body 12 The handle 6 includes a pistol grip 26, in the direction of which the locking trigger 18 is rotated along the axis by the doctor to cause clamping or closing of the support 24 towards the channel 22 for the brackets of the working body 12, thereby clamping a fabric located between the support 24 and the channel 22. The firing trigger 20 is located outside remotely from the closing trigger 18. After the closing trigger 18 is locked in the closing position, as further described below, the firing trigger 20 can rotate slightly toward the pistol grip 26 so that the operator can reach it using one hand. Then, the operator can rotate the firing trigger 20 in the direction of the pistol grip 12 in order to fasten and cut the clamped tissue in the working body 12. In other embodiments, various types of clamping elements can be used except for the support 24, such as, for example, the opposite sponge, and the like.

It will be understood that the terms “near” and “distant” are used here with respect to the doctor grabbing the handle 6 of the tool 10. Thus, the working body 12 is distant with respect to the handle 6 located closer. In addition, it will be understood that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as "vertical" and "horizontal" are used here in relation to the drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting or absolute.

The closing trigger 18 may be actuated first. After the doctor is satisfied with the location of the working body 12, the doctor can again turn the closing trigger 18 to its fully closed, locked position near the pistol grip 26. The firing trigger 20 may then be actuated. The firing trigger 20 returns to the open position (shown in Figures 1 and 2) when the doctor stops the pressure, as described more fully below. The release button on the handle 6, when pressed, can release a fixed closing trigger 18. The start button may be in various forms, such as, for example, the sliding start button 160 shown in Figure 7, or any of the mechanisms described in published US patent application publication number 2007/01755955 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference .

Figure 3 is an exploded view of a working member 12, in accordance with various embodiments. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the operating member 12 may include, in addition to the aforementioned channel 22 and the support 24, a cutting tool 32, a slide 33, a bracket cartridge 34, which is replaceable in the channel 22, and a lead screw 36. The cutting tool 32 may be, for example, a knife. The support 24 may open axially and close at a pivot 25 connected to the proximal end of the channel 22. The support 24 may also include a protrusion 27 at its proximal end, which is inserted into a component of the mechanical locking system (further described below) to open and close supports 24. When the closing trigger 18 is activated, that is, rotated by the user of the tool 10, the support 24 can be rotated around the pivot point 25 to the clamped or closed position. If the clamping from the working body 12 is satisfactory, the operator can actuate the firing trigger 20, which, as explained in more detail below, causes the knife 32 and the slide 33 to move in the longitudinal direction along the channel 22, while the cut fabric is clamped in the working body 12 Moving the slide 33 along the channel 22 causes the brackets of the staple cartridge 34 to squeeze through the cut fabric and toward the closed support 24, which bends the brackets to hold the cut fabric together. In various embodiments, the slide 33 may be an integral component of the cartridge 34. US Pat. No. 6,978,921, entitled “Surgical stapling instrument incorporating E-beam firing mechanism”, which is incorporated herein by reference, provides further details on such push-pull cutting tools and fastenings. The slide 33 may be part of the cartridge 34, so that when the knife 32 is retracted after the cutting operation, the slide 33 is not retracted.

It should be noted that although the embodiments of the tool 10 described herein use a working member 12 that braces the cut tissue, other techniques may be used to bond or isolate the cut tissue in other embodiments. For example, working bodies that use radio frequency energy or adhesives to hold the cut tissue together can also be used. US Patent No. 5,096,680, entitled “Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device”, Yates et al., And US Patent No. 5688270, entitled “Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device with Recessed and / or Offset Electrodes”, Yates et al., Which are incorporated herein by reference, describe an endoscopic cutting tool that uses radio frequency energy to isolate cut tissue. U.S. Published Patent Application. Publication No. 2007/0102453 A1, Jerome R. Morgan, et al. and published patent application publication no. 2007/0102452 A1, Frederick E. Shelton, IV, et al., which are also incorporated herein by reference, describe endoscopic cutting tools that use adhesives to hold the cut tissue together. Accordingly, although the present description further relates to cutting / bonding operations and the like, it should be noted that this is an exemplary embodiment and is not considered as a limitation. Other tissue binding technologies may also be used.

Figures 4 and 5 are exploded views, and Figure 6 is a side view of the working member 12 and shaft 8, in accordance with various embodiments. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the shaft 8 may include a proximal closed tube 40 and a distal closed tube 42 axially connected by articulated joints 44. The distal closed tube 42 includes an opening 45 into which a protrusion 27 of the support 24 is inserted to open and closing supports 24, as further described below. Inside the closed tubes 40, 42, a proximal core tube 46 may be located. Inside a proximal core tube 46, a main rotational (or proximal) drive shaft 48 may be provided, which communicates with the secondary (or distal) drive shaft 50 via a bevel gear assembly 52. The secondary drive shaft 50 is coupled to the drive gear 54, which engages with the proximal drive gear 56 of the spindle 36. The vertical bevel gear 52b can sit and rotate axially in the hole 57 on the far edge of the proximal core tube 46. The distal core tube 58 can be used to enclose therein the secondary drive shaft 50 and the drive gears 54, 56. Together, the main drive shaft 48, the secondary drive shaft 50, and the articulated assembly (for example, an assembly 52a-c of bevel gears) are sometimes referred to here as the "assembly of the main drive shaft".

A bearing 38 located at the far edge of the bracket channel 22 receives a lead screw 36, allowing the lead screw 36 to rotate freely with respect to the channel 22. The lead screw 36 can enter a threaded hole (not shown) of the knife 32, so that the rotation of the screw 36 causes the knife 32 to move forward or backward (depending on the direction of rotation) in the channel 22 for the brackets. Accordingly, when the main drive shaft 48 is forced to rotate by actuating the firing trigger 20 (as explained in more detail below), assembly of the bevel gears 52a-c causes the secondary drive shaft 50 to rotate, which, in turn, is due to engagement of the drive gears 54, 56, causes the lead screw 36 to rotate, which causes the knife drive member 32 to move longitudinally along the channel 22, cutting any tissue clamped in the working body. The slide 33 can be made, for example, of plastic, and can have an inclined distal surface. When the slide 33 moves along the channel 22, the inclined front surface can squeeze or move the brackets in the staple cartridge through the clamped fabric and to the support 24. The support 24 bends the brackets, thereby stapling the cut fabric. When the knife 32 is retracted, the knife 32 and the slide 33 can be released, while leaving the slide 33 at the far edge of the channel 22.

Figures 7-10 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a cutting endoscopic device driven by an engine. The illustrated embodiment provides feedback to the user regarding the distribution and load force of the cutting tool in a working body. In addition to this, the embodiment can use the energy provided by the user when the firing trigger 20 is pressed to power the device (the so-called “auxiliary energy” mode). As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the handle 6 includes lower side external parts 59, 60 and upper side external parts 61, 62 that are joined together to form the overall outer part of the handle 6. Battery 64, such as a Li-ion battery may be provided in the portion of the pistol grip 26 of the handle 6. The battery 64 powers the engine 65 located in the upper portion of the pistol grip 26 of the handle 6. In accordance with various embodiments, a series of battery cells connected in series may use to power the engine 65.

The motor 65 may be a DC brush motor having a maximum rotation speed without load of approximately 25,000 rpm. The engine 64 may drive the 90 ° bevel gear assembly 66 comprising the first bevel gear 68 and the second bevel gear 70. The bevel gear assembly 66 may drive the planetary gear assembly 72. The planetary gear assembly 72 may include a pinion gear 74 coupled to a drive shaft 76. Pinion gear 74 may drive a mating ring gear 78 that drives a helical gear drum 80 through a drive shaft 82. The ring 84 may turn onto the drum 80 helical gears. Thus, when the engine 65 rotates, the ring 84 must move along the helical gear drum 80 by means of the bevel gear assembly 66 located therebetween, the planetary gear assembly 72, and the crown gear 78.

The handle 6 may also include an engine start sensor 110 in communication with the firing trigger 20, to detect when the firing trigger 20 rotates (or “closes”) in the direction of the portion of the pistol grip 26 of the handle 6 by the operator, thereby leading to the operation of cutting / bonding using the working body 12. The sensor 110 may be a proportional sensor, such as, for example, a rheostat, or a variable resistor. When the firing trigger 20 is rotated, the sensor 110 detects movement and sends an electrical signal indicating that voltage (or power) should be supplied to the engine 65. When the sensor 110 is a variable resistor or the like, the rotation speed of the engine 65 may be in general, proportional to the amount of movement of the firing trigger 20. That is, when the operator only rotates or slightly closes the firing trigger 20, the rotation speed of the engine 65 is relatively low. When the firing trigger 20 is fully rotated (or is in the fully closed position), the rotation speed of the engine 65 is maximum. In other words, the stronger the user presses on the firing trigger 20, the greater the voltage applied to the engine 65, causing an increase in the level of rotation speed.

The handle 6 may include a middle part 104 of the handle, located next to the upper portion of the trigger 20 firing. The handle 6 may also contain a bias spring 112 connected between the pins on the middle part 104 of the handle and on the trigger 20 firing. The biasing spring 112 may bias the firing trigger 20 to its fully open position. Thus, when the operator releases the firing trigger 20, the biasing spring 112 will pull the firing trigger 20 to its open position, thereby eliminating the actuation of the sensor 110, and thereby stopping the rotation of the engine 65. Furthermore, with this biasing spring 112, each time the user closes the firing trigger 20, the user will experience resistance to the closing operation, thereby providing the user with feedback on the magnitude of the speeds rotation applied by the engine 65. Additionally, the operator can stop pressing the activation trigger 20 to thereby release the force from the sensor 100, thereby stopping the engine 65. Essentially, the user can stop the use of the operating member 12, thereby providing the operator with a measure control operations cutting / bonding.

The distal end of the helical gear drum 80 includes a remote drive shaft 120, which drives the ring gear 122, which engages with the drive gear 124. The drive gear 124 is connected to the main drive shaft 48 of the main drive shaft assembly. Thus, the rotation of the engine 65 causes the assembly of the main drive shaft to rotate, which drives the tool 12, as described above.

The ring 84 screwed onto the helical gear drum 80 may include a pin 86 that is located inside the bore hole 88 of the linkage 90. The linkage 90 has an opening 92 at its opposite end 94, which receives a pivot axis 96 that is connected between the outer side parts 59 , 60 handles. The pivot axis 96 also passes through a hole 100 in the firing trigger 20 and a hole 102 in the middle handle member 104.

In addition, the handle 6 may include an engine reverse sensor (or stroke limit) 130 and an engine stop (or stroke start) sensor 142. In various embodiments, the engine reverse sensor 130 may be a limit switch located on the distal end of the helical gear drum 80, so that the ring 84 screwed onto the helical gear drum 80 is in contact with the engine reverse sensor 130 and turns it off when the ring 84 reaches the far the end of the drum 80 helical gear. The engine reverse sensor 130, when activated, sends a signal to the engine 65 to reverse its direction of rotation, thereby leading away the knife 32 of the working body 12 after the cutting operation. The engine stop sensor 142 may be, for example, a normally closed limit switch. In various embodiments, it may be located at the proximal end of the helical gear drum 80, so that the ring 84 turns off the switch 142 when the ring 84 reaches the proximal end of the helical gear drum 80.

In operation, when the operator of the tool 10 presses the firing trigger 20, the sensor 110 detects the use of the firing trigger 20 and sends a signal to the engine 65, causing the motor 65 to rotate directly, for example, at a speed proportional to how much the operator pushes the trigger 20 firing. Direct rotation of the engine 65, in turn, causes the ring gear 78 at the far end of the planetary gear assembly 72 to rotate, thereby causing the helical gear drum 80 to rotate, forcing the ring 84 screwed onto the helical gear drum 80 to travel far along the helical gear drum 80. The rotation of the helical gear drum 80 also drives the assembly of the main drive shaft, as described above, which, in turn, causes the use of the knife 32 in the tool body 12. That is, the knife 32 and the slide 33 are forced to move along the channel 22 in the longitudinal direction, while cutting the tissue clamped in the working body 12. Also, the operation of stapling the working body 12 should be carried out in embodiments where a working body of the stapler type is used.

By the time the cutting / fastening operation of the working body 12 is completed, the ring 84 on the helical gear drum 80 will have to reach the far end of the helical gear drum 80, thereby causing the engine reverse sensor 130 to turn off, it sends a signal to the engine 65 to cause the engine 65 reverse your rotation. This, in turn, causes the knife 32 to retract, and also causes the ring 84 on the helical gear drum 80 to move back to the proximal end of the helical gear drum 80.

The middle part 104 of the handle includes a protrusion 106 on the rear side, which engages with the wings 90, as best shown in Figures 8 and 9. The middle part 104 of the handle also has a stop 107 forward, which engages with the trigger mechanism 20 firing. The movement of the link 90 is controlled, as explained above, by the rotation of the engine 65. When the link 90 is rotated counterclockwise, when the ring 84 moves from the proximal end of the helical gear drum 80 to the far end, the middle handle member 104 can freely rotate counterclockwise. Thus, when the user presses the firing trigger 20, the firing trigger 20 will engage with the forward stopper 107 in the middle handle part 104, causing the middle handle part 104 to rotate counterclockwise. However, due to a protrusion 106 from the rear that engages with the wings 90, the middle part 104 of the handle will be able to rotate counterclockwise as far as the wings 90 allows. Thus, if the engine 65 needs to stop rotation for any reason, the wings 90 will stop rotation and the user will no longer be able to further rotate the firing trigger 20, since the middle part 104 of the handle will not be able to rotate counterclockwise from behind the wings 90.

The components of an exemplary closure system for locking (or clamping) the support 24 of the working member 12 by retracting the closure trigger 18 are also shown in Figures 7-10. In the illustrated embodiment, the closure system includes a fork 250 connected to the closure trigger 18 using an axis 251 that is inserted through compatible holes in both the closure trigger 18 and the fork 250. The pivot axis 252 around which the trigger rotates a closing mechanism 18 is inserted through another hole in the closing trigger 18, which is located away from where the axis 251 is inserted through the closing trigger 18. Thus, retraction of the closing trigger 18 causes the upper part of the closing trigger 18, to which the plug 250 is connected via axis 251, to rotate counterclockwise. The far end of the plug 250 is connected via an axis 254 to the first closing holder 256. The first closing holder 256 is connected to the second closing holder 258. Collectively, the closing holders 256, 258 define a hole in which the proximal end of the proximal closed tube 40 sits and holds (see Figure 4 ) so that the longitudinal movement of the closing holders 256, 258 causes the longitudinal movement of the proximal closed tube 40. The tool 10 also includes a closed rod 260 located inside the proximal closed tube 40. Closed the rod 260 may include a window 261 in which a pin 263 is disposed on one of the outer parts of the handle, such as the outer lower side part 59 in the illustrated embodiment, to securely connect the closed rod 260 to the handle 6. Thus, the proximal closed tube 40 is capable of moving in the longitudinal direction with respect to the closed rod 260. The closed rod 260 may also include a distal flange 267, which is placed in the cavity 269 in the proximal core tube 46 and held there by olpachka 271 (see Figure 4).

During operation, when the fork 250 rotates due to the withdrawal of the closing trigger 18, the closed holders 256, 258 cause the proximal closed tube 40 to move into the distance (that is, from the end of the handle of the tool 10), which causes the distant closed tube 42 to move into the distance, which causes the support 24 to rotate around the pivot 25 in the clamped or closed position. When the closing trigger 18 is unlocked from the locked position, the proximal closed tube 40 should be approaching to slide, which makes the distal closed tube 42 to be closer to slide, which, by means of the protrusion 27, which is inserted into the window 45 of the distal closed tube 42, causes the support 24 to rotate around the pivot point 25 to the open or unclamped position. Thus, by retracting and locking the closing trigger 18, the operator can clamp the fabric between the support 24 and the channel 22 and can release the fabric after the cutting / bonding operation by unlocking the closing trigger 20 from the locked position.

Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of an electrical circuit of a tool 10 in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. When the operator first presses the firing trigger 20 after locking the closing trigger 18, the sensor 110 is activated, allowing current to flow through it. If the normally open switch of the engine reverse sensor 130 is open (meaning that the end of the stroke has not been reached), current will flow to the single-pole two-way relay 132. Since the engine reverse sensor switch 130 is not closed, the inductor 134 of the relay 132 is not energized, so the relay 132 will be in its de-energized state. The circuit also includes a cartridge lock sensor 136. If the working member 12 includes a bracket cartridge 34, the sensor 136 will be in a closed state, making current flow possible. In another case, if the working body 12 does not include a bracket cartridge 34, the sensor 136 will be open, thereby preventing the power of the engine 65 using the battery 64.

When the bracket cartridge 34 is present, the sensor 136 is closed, which energizes the single-pole one-way relay 138. When the relay 138 is energized, current flows through the relay 136, through the sensor 110 with a variable resistor and to the motor 65 through the two-pole two-way relay 140, thereby energizing the motor 65 and letting it spin in the forward direction. When the working body 12 reaches the end of its stroke, the engine reverse sensor 130 will be activated, thereby closing the switch 130 and energizing the relay 134. This forces the relay 134 to accept its energized state (not shown in Figure 13), which causes the current to bypass the lock sensor 136 cartridge and sensor 110 with a variable resistor, and instead, causes current to flow both into the normally closed two-pole two-way relay 142 and back to the motor 65, but thus through the relay 140, which causes the motor 65 to reverse The pressure of the rotation. Since the switch of the engine stop sensor 142 is normally closed, current will flow back to the relay 134 to keep it closed until the switch 142 opens. When the knife 32 is fully retracted, the engine stop sensor switch 142 is activated, causing the switch 142 to open, thereby removing power from the engine 65.

In other embodiments, a relay type sensor may be used in place of the proportional type sensor 110. In such embodiments, the speed of the engine 65 should not be proportional to the force exerted by the operator. Instead, engine 65 should rotate generally at a constant speed. But the operator must still experience force feedback since the firing trigger 20 is engaged in the gear train of the drive.

Additional configurations for motorized surgical instruments are described in US Published Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0175962 A1, entitled “Motor-driven surgical cutting and fastening instrument with tactile position feedback,” which is incorporated herein by reference.

In a motorized surgical instrument, such as the motorized endoscopic instruments described above, or in a motorized disk cutting instrument, the engine can be powered by a series of battery cells connected in series. In addition, it may be desirable in certain circumstances to power the engine with some of the total number of battery cells. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the motor 65 may be powered by a power supply 299 comprising six (6) battery cells connected in series. Battery cells 310 can be, for example, 3-volt lithium battery cells, such as CR 123A battery cells, although other types of battery cells (including battery cells with different voltage levels and / or different chemical compositions) can be used in other embodiments. . If six 3-volt battery cells 310 are connected in series to power the motor 65, the total voltage available to power the motor 65 should be 18 volts. Battery cells 310 may include rechargeable or non-rechargeable battery cells.

In such an embodiment, under the most severe loads, the input voltage for the motor 65 may gradually drop to about nine to ten volts. Under these operating conditions, the power supply 299 delivers maximum power to the engine 65. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 12, the circuit may include a switch 312 that can selectively enable the engine 65 to be powered using either (1) all of the battery cells 310, or (2) a portion of the battery cells 310. As shown in FIG. 12, by appropriate selection, the switch 312 can enable the motor 65 to be powered by all six battery cells or only four battery cells. Thus, the switch 312 can be used to power the motor 65 using either 18 volts (using all six battery cells 310) or 12 volts (for example, using four of the six battery cells). In various embodiments, the structural choice of the number of battery cells in the portion that is used to power the engine 65 may be based on the voltage required for the engine 65 when it is operating at maximum output power under the most severe loads.

The switch 312 may be, for example, an electromechanical switch, such as a micro switch. In other embodiments, the switch 312 may be implemented using a solid state switch, such as a transistor. A second switch 314, such as a push button switch, can be used to control whether power is applied to the motor 65 at all. Also, a forward / reverse switch 316 can be used to control whether the motor 65 rotates in the forward or reverse direction. The forward / reverse rotation switch 316 may be implemented using a two-pole two-way switch, such as a relay 140 shown in Figure 11.

In operation, the user of the tool 10 can select the desired power level by using some kind of control using a switch, such as a position-dependent switch (not shown), such as a toggle switch, a mechanical lever switch, or a cam that controls the position of the switch 312. Then the user can activate a second switch 314 to connect the selected battery cells 310 to the engine 65. In addition, the circuit shown in Figure 12 may use Use to power the engine other types of motorized surgical instruments, such as disk cutting and / or laparoscopic instruments. Further details regarding disk cutting tools can be found in published US patent applications, Publication No. 2006/0047307 A1 and Publication No. 2007/0262116 A1, which are incorporated herein by reference.

In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 13, a primary power source 340, such as a battery cell, such as a CR2 or CR123A battery cell, may be used to charge a number of secondary battery devices 342. The primary power source 340 may comprise one or more in series connected battery cells, which are preferably replaceable in the illustrated embodiment. Secondary battery devices 342 may include, for example, rechargeable battery cells and / or supercapacitors (also known as "ultracapacitors" or "electrochemical two-layer capacitors" (EDLC)). Supercapacitors are electrochemical capacitors that have an unusually high energy density, compared with conventional electrolytic capacitors, usually several thousand times larger than a large capacity electrolytic capacitor.

Primary power source 340 can charge secondary battery devices 342. After sufficient charging, primary power source 340 can be removed and secondary battery devices 342 can be used to power engine 65 during a procedure or operation. Battery devices 342 can take about fifteen to thirty minutes to charge under various circumstances. Supercapacitors have that characteristic, they can be charged and discharged extremely quickly compared to conventional batteries. In addition to this, while batteries are only good for a limited number of charge / discharge cycles, supercapacitors can often be charged / discharged multiple times, sometimes for tens of millions of cycles. For embodiments using supercapacitors as secondary battery devices 342, the supercapacitors may include carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers (eg, polyacenes), or carbon aerogels.

As shown in Figure 14, the charge control circuit 344 can be used to determine when the secondary battery devices 342 are sufficiently charged. The charge control circuit 344 may include an indicator, such as one or more LEDs, an LCD, and the like, which are activated to notify the user of the tool 10 when the secondary battery devices 342 are sufficiently charged.

The primary power source 340, secondary battery devices 342 and the charging control circuit 344 may be part of a power supply in a portion 26 of the pistol grip of the handle 6 of the tool 10 or in another part of the tool 10. The power supply may be disconnected from the portion 26 of the pistol grip, in this case, when the instrument 10 is to be used for surgery, the power supply can be aseptically inserted into the pistol grip portion 26 (or to a different position in the instrument in accordance with other embodiments), for example, the help of an operating nurse assisting in a surgical operation. After inserting the power supply, the nurse can insert the replaceable primary power supply 340 into the power supply to charge the secondary battery devices 342 a certain time before using the tool 10, for example, thirty minutes. When the secondary battery devices 342 are being charged, the charge control circuit 344 may indicate that the power supply is ready for use. At this point, the replaceable primary power supply 340 can be removed. During the operation, the user of the tool 10 can then activate the engine 65, for example, by activating the switch 314, while the secondary battery devices 342 feed the engine 65. Thus, instead of having a series of reusable batteries to power the engine 65, in this embodiment one single-use battery (as a primary power source 340) can be used and secondary battery devices 342 can be reusable. In alternative embodiments, however, it should be noted that secondary battery devices 342 may not be rechargeable and / or reusable. Secondary batteries 342 can be used with the switch 312 of the selection of the element described above in connection with Figure 12.

The charge control circuit 344 may also include indicators (eg, LEDs or an LCD) that indicate how much charge remains in the secondary battery devices 342. Thus, the surgeon (or another user of the instrument 10) can see what charge remains in during the procedure in which tool 10 is used.

The charge control circuit 344, as shown in FIG. 15, may include a charge meter 345 for measuring charge on the secondary batteries 342. The charge control circuit 344 may also comprise a non-volatile memory 346, such as flash memory or read only memory, and one or more processors 348. A processor (s) 348 may be coupled to a memory 346 to manage memory. In addition, the processor (s) 348 may be coupled to a charge meter 345 to read data and otherwise control the charge meter 345. In addition, the processor (s) 348 can control LEDs or other output devices of the charge control circuit 344. The processor (s) 348 may store the parameters of the tool 10 in memory 346. The parameters may include operating parameters of the tool, which are sensed by various sensors that can be installed or used in the tool 10, for example, the number of shots, the levels of applied forces, the size of the gap in compression between the opposite lips of the working body 12, the amount of deviation, and the like. In addition, the parameters stored in the memory 346 may include identification values for various components of the tool 10, which the charge control circuit 344 can read and store. Components having such identification parameters may be replaceable components, such as a bracket cartridge 34. These identification parameters may be, for example, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), which the charge control circuit 344 reads with the RFID relay 350. An RFID repeater 350 may read RFID values from instrument components, such as a bracket cartridge 34, which include RFID tags. The values of the identification parameters can be read, stored in the memory 346 and compared using a processor 348 with a list of acceptable values of the identification parameters stored in the memory 346 or in another memory associated with the charging control circuit to determine, for example, whether the component to be removed / replaced associated with the read value of the identification parameters, authentic and / or appropriate. According to various embodiments, if the processor 348 determines that the removable / replaceable component associated with the read value of the identification parameters is not authentic, the charge control circuit 344 can prevent the power supply from being used by the tool 10, for example, by opening a switch (not shown) , which would prevent the supply of power from the power supply to the engine 65. In accordance with various options for implementation, a variety of parameters that can evaluate pr tsessor 348 to determine whether the authenticated and / or the relevant component include: date code; component model / type; manufacturer; regional information and codes of previous errors.

The charge control circuit 344 may also include an input / output interface 352 for communicating with another device, such as described below. Thus, the parameters stored in the memory 346 can be loaded into another device. The I / O interface 352 may be, for example, a wired or wireless interface.

As discussed above, the power supply may comprise secondary batteries 342, a charge control circuit 344, and / or a forward-reverse switch 316. According to various embodiments, as shown in FIG. 16, a power supply 299 can be connected to a base charging device 362, which can, among other things, charge secondary batteries 342 in the power supply. The base charging device 362 can be connected to the power supply 299 by aseptically connecting the base charging device 362 to the power supply 299 while the power supply is installed in the tool 10. In other embodiments, where the power supply is removable, the base charging device 362 can be connected with the power supply 299 by removing the power supply 299 from the tool 10 and attaching it to the base charging device 362. For such embodiments, after the base charging device 362 has sufficiently charged the secondary batteries 342, the power supply 299 can be aseptically mounted in the tool 10.

As shown in FIG. 16, the base charging device 362 may include a power source 364 for charging secondary batteries 342. The power supply 364 of the base charging device 362 may be, for example, a battery (or a series of series-connected batteries), or an AC / DC converter , which converts AC energy, for example, from a household electrical network, into direct current, or any other power source suitable for charging secondary batteries 342. The basic charging device 362 m It may also include indicator devices, such as LEDs, an LCD, and the like, to indicate the charging status of secondary batteries 342.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, the base charging device 362 may include one or more processors 366, one or more memory units 368, and input / output interfaces 370, 372. Through the first input / output interface 370, the base charging device 362 can communicate with the power supply 299 (via the input / output interface of the power supply 352). Thus, for example, data stored in the memory 346 of the power supply 299 can be loaded into the memory 368 of the base charging device 362. Thus, the processor 366 can evaluate the values of the identification parameters for removable / replaceable components loaded from the charge control circuit 344 to determine the authenticity and suitability of the components. The operating parameters downloaded from the charging control circuit 344 can also be stored in the memory 368 and then downloaded to another computer device via a second I / O interface 372 for evaluation and analysis, for example, using a hospital system in which an operation using tool 10, the office of the surgeon, tool seller, tool manufacturer, and the like.

The base charging device 362 may also include a charge meter 374 for measuring charge in the secondary batteries 342. The charge meter 374 may be in communication with the processor (s) 366, so that the processor (s) 366 can determine in real time the suitability of the power supply 299 for use , to ensure high performance.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, the battery circuit may include a power controller 320 for controlling the power supplied by energy-saving devices 310 to engine 65. Power controller 320 may also be part of power supply 299, or it may be a separate component. As discussed above, the motor 65 may be a brush DC motor. The speed of DC brush motors is generally proportional to the applied input voltage. The power controller 320 can provide a well-regulated output voltage for the motor 65, so that the motor 65 will operate at a constant (or substantially constant) speed. In accordance with various embodiments, the power controller 320 may include a power converter operating in a switching mode, such as an intermediate boost converter, as shown in the example in Figure 17. Such an intermediate boost converter 320 may include a power switch 322, such as a field effect transistor, a rectifier 32, a choke 326, and a capacitor 328. When the power switch 322 is turned on, the input of a voltage source (eg, power sources 310) is directly connected Nen with the throttle 326, which stores energy in this state. In this state, capacitor 328 delivers energy to the output load (e.g., motor 65). When the power switch 320 is off, the inductor 326 is connected to the output load (for example, motor 65) and the capacitor 328, so that energy is transferred from the inductor 326 to the capacitor 328 and the load 65. The control circuit 330 can control the power switch 322. The control circuit 330 may use digital and / or analog control loops. In addition to this, in other embodiments, the control circuit 330 may receive control information from a main controller (not shown) through a communication link, such as a serial or parallel digital data bus. The voltage setting for the output of the power controller 320 can be set, for example, half the voltage of the open circuit, at this point the maximum power available from the source is available.

In other embodiments, various topologies of power converters may be used, including linear power converters or switching power converters. Other switching mode topologies that may be used include a flyback converter, a flyback converter, a buck converter, a boost converter, and a SEPIC (single ended inductance converter). The voltage setting for the power controller 320 may vary depending on how many battery cells are used to power the motor 65. In addition, the power controller 320 can be used with secondary battery devices 342, as shown in Figure 13. In addition, the switch 316 forward-reverse rotation can be integrated into the power controller 320, although it is shown separately in Figure 17.

Batteries can usually be modeled as an ideal voltage source and source resistance. For an ideal model, when the source and load resistances are matched, maximum power is transferred to the load. Figure 18 shows a typical power curve for a battery. When the battery circuit is open, the voltage on the battery is high (at its value for an open circuit) and the current received from the battery is zero. The power received from the battery is also zero. When more current is received from the battery, the voltage on the batteries decreases. The power received from the battery is the product of current and voltage. Power reaches a peak near a voltage level that is less than an open circuit voltage. As shown in Figure 18, for most chemical batteries there is a sharp drop in voltage / power at high current, due to chemistry or a positive temperature coefficient (PTC), or because of a battery protection device.

In particular, for embodiments using a battery (or batteries) to power the motor 65 during the procedure, the control circuit 330 can monitor the output voltage and adjust the settings of the controller 320, so that the battery operates on the “left” side of the power curve when the power increases. If the battery reaches a peak power level, the control circuit 330 may change (eg, lower) the controller settings so that less total power is required from the battery. Engine 65 should slow down. Thus, the need for the power supply rarely exceeds the peak available power, if at all, so that a situation of insufficient power during the procedure can be eliminated.

In addition, in accordance with other embodiments, the power received from the battery can be optimized in such a way that there is time to recover for chemical reactions in the battery cells, thereby optimizing the current and power available from the battery. In pulsed loads, batteries typically provide higher power at the start of a pulse than toward the end of a pulse. This is due to several factors, including: (1) PTC can change its resistance during a pulse; (2) the temperature of the battery can vary and (3) the rate of the electrochemical reaction changes due to the fact that the electrolyte at the cathode is depleted, and the diffusion rate of fresh electrolyte limits the reaction rate. In accordance with various embodiments, the control circuit 330 may control the converter 320 so that it receives less current from the battery to enable the battery to recover before the next pulse.

In accordance with other variants of implementation, the tool 10 may include a device for limiting torque clamping type. A clamping type torque limiting device may be located, for example, between the engine 65 and the bevel gear 68, between the bevel gear 70 and the planetary gear assembly 72, or on the output shaft of the planetary gear assembly 72. According to various embodiments, the torque limiting device torque can use a clutch based on an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.

Figures 19-22 show an exemplary electromagnetic clutch 400 that can be used in tool 10, in accordance with various embodiments. Clutch 400 may include a horseshoe-shaped stator 402 having magnetic disks 404, 406 at each end. The first disk 404 may be coupled to an axially displaceable rotating pole member 408, such as the output pole of the motor 65. The second magnetic disk 406 may be coupled to an axially stationary, rotating pole member 410, such as the input pole for the gearbox of tool 10. In views Figures 19 and 20, the first pole part 408 is axially separated from the second pole part 410 by a gap 412, so that the magnetic disks 404, 406 are not engaged. A wire coil (not shown) that can be wound around the stator 402 can be used to create the electromagnetic flux needed to drive the coupling 400. When the coil conducts an electric current, the resulting magnetic flux can cause the two magnetic disks 404, 406 to attract, causing the axial movement of the first pole piece 408 towards the second pole piece 410, thereby causing the two magnetic disks 404, 406 to mesh as shown in Figures 21 and 22, so that the two pole pieces 408, 410 will ut rotate together until the torque exceeds the friction torque generated between the faces of the magnetic disks 404 and 406.

The attractive force between the two disks 404, 406 and the corresponding ability to create the moment of the coupling 400 can be controlled by controlling the diameter of the disks 404, 406, the coefficient of friction between the contacting faces of the magnetic disks 404 and 406 and by using magnetic materials for the disks 404, 406, which are saturated at a known and controlled flux density. For this reason, even if there are operating conditions when a larger current passes through the coil, the magnetic material of the disks 404, 406 will not create a higher attractive force and a corresponding limiting moment.

The use of such a coupling has many additional potential advantages. Since it is electrically controlled, clutch 400 can be quickly deactivated by removing current from the wire to limit the amount of heat generated in clutch 400 and motor 65. By disconnecting the motor from the rest of the drive circuit through clutch 400, most of the stored inertia energy of the drive circuit can disconnect, limiting push, if the output should be blocked suddenly. In addition to this, since it is electrically controlled, some limited slippage can be provided structurally to help limit shock when the drive circuit restarts under load. In addition, since the magnetic saturation properties of one or more components (e.g., magnetic disks 404, 406) in the coupling can be used to control torque limitation instead of current in the coil, coupling 400 should be less sensitive to changes in system voltage. The torque limitation in such embodiments should be primarily a function of the physical dimensions of the coupling components (for example, magnetic disks 404, 406) and should not require voltage regulators or other external components for proper operation.

In another embodiment, instead of using an electromagnetic clutch, the torque limiting device may comprise a permanent magnet (not shown). The permanent magnet can be connected, for example, with the first pole component 408 axially moved, and attract an axially fixed second pole component 410, or vice versa. In such embodiments, one of the disks 404, 406 may be made of a permanent magnet, and the other of a magnetic material like iron. With minor modifications, the stator 402 can be made in the form of a permanent magnet, causing the magnetic disks 404 and 406 to be attracted to each other. Due to the permanent magnet, the two discs 404, 406 must always be engaged. The use of a permanent magnet cannot provide accurate torque control as the configuration of the electromagnetic clutch described above, but it can have advantages: (1) no control or control logic is required to control the current through the coil; (2) more compact than the configuration of the electromagnetic clutch; and (3) simplifies the design of the tool 10.

As previously discussed, the working body 12 can emit radio frequency energy to coagulate tissue clamped in the working body. Radio frequency energy can be transferred between the electrodes in the working body 12. A radio frequency source (not shown) containing, for example, a generator and an amplifier, among other components that can supply radio frequency energy to the electrode, can be placed in the instrument itself, for example, in the handle 6 of the wireless tool 10, or the radio frequency source may be external to the tool 10. The radio frequency source can be activated, as further described below.

In accordance with various options for implementation, the working body 12 may contain many sections (or segments) of the electrodes. For example, as shown in the example of Figure 23, the lower surface of the support 24 (that is, the surface opposite the bracket cartridge 34) may contain three collinear RF segments. In this example, each segment has the same length (for example, 20 mm), although in other embodiments, larger or smaller numbers of segments may exist and the segments may have different lengths. In the example of Figure 23, there are three pairs of active or “anode” leads or electrodes 500 located in the longitudinal direction along each side along the length of the channel on the lower surface of the support 24. In particular, in the illustrated embodiment, there is a pair of distant electrodes 500 ₁ , a pair of medium electrodes 500 ₂ and a pair of proximal electrodes 500 ₃ on each side of the knife channel 516. The metal outer portion or channel 22 of the working member 12 or the metal support 24 may serve as a counter electrode (or cathode) for each of the three upper active electrodes 500 (or anodes). The upper electrodes 500 may be connected to a radio frequency source. When it is energized, radio frequency energy can be distributed between the upper electrodes 500 and the counter electrode, coagulating the tissue sandwiched between the electrodes.

The electrodes 500 may be powered simultaneously or in a different order, for example, sequentially. For those embodiments where the electrodes 500 are energized in accordance with a specific sequence, the sequence can be set automatically (controlled, for example, by a controller (not shown) in communication with a radio frequency source) or as selected by the user. For example, first, near electrodes 500 ₃ may be energized; then the middle electrodes 500 ₂ ; then distant electrodes 500 ₁ . Thus, an operator (e.g., an operating surgeon) can selectively coagulate areas of the brace line. The electrodes in such an embodiment may be controlled by a multiplexer and / or generator with multiple outputs, as further described below. Thus, the tissue under each electrode 500 can be individually treated according to the needs of coagulation. Each electrode in a pair can be connected to a radio frequency source, so that they are powered simultaneously. That is, a distant pair of active electrodes 500 ₁ , each of which is located on opposite sides of the knife channel, can be powered by a radio frequency source at the same time. The same is true for the middle pair of electrodes 500 ₂ and the near pair of electrodes 500 ₃ , although, in the embodiment where the pairs of electrodes are fed in series, the far pair is not fed simultaneously with the middle and near pair, and so on.

In addition, various electrical parameters can be monitored, such as impedance, input power or energy, and the like, and the output power of specific electrodes 500 can be varied to obtain the most desired effect on the tissue. In addition to this, another advantage is evident in the case where a metal bracket or other electrically conductive object that may cause a short circuit of the electrodes remains from a previous shot of the instrument or surgical procedure. Such a short circuit situation can be detected by a generator and / or multiplexer, and the energy can be modulated in a manner corresponding to a short circuit of the circuit.

In addition, sequentially feeding the electrodes 500 reduces the instantaneous power needed for the RF source compared to a design that would have one set of electrodes as long as the total length of the three segmented electrodes 500 shown in Figure 23. For example, for electrode configuration, as shown in 'Patent 312', it was demonstrated that it would take from fifty to hundreds of watts to successfully coagulate lines forty-five millimeters long on each side of the cut line. When using smaller active electrodes (e.g., upper electrodes 500) that have a smaller surface area than large back electrodes (e.g., metal support 24), smaller active electrodes 500 can concentrate therapeutic energy on the tissue, while the reverse electrode Large sizes are used to close the circuit with minimal impact at the interface with the fabric. In addition to this, the return electrode preferably has a large mass and, for this reason, may remain cold during electrosurgical use.

The electrodes 500 may be surrounded by an electrically insulating material 504, which may contain ceramic material.

Figure 24 shows another embodiment having segmented RF electrodes. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, there are four collinear segmented electrodes 500 _{1-4 of} equal length (15 mm, in this example). Like the embodiment of FIG. 23, the electrodes 500 of FIG. 24 may be energized simultaneously or sequentially.

Figure 25 shows another embodiment in which the segmented electrodes have different lengths. In the illustrated embodiment, there are four collinear segmented electrodes, but the farthest electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ have a length of 10 mm, and the two proximal electrodes 500 ₃ , 500 ₄ have a length of 20 mm. The presence of short distant electrodes may provide the advantage of concentrating therapeutic energy, as discussed above.

Figure 59 shows an embodiment having fifteen pairs of segmented RF electrodes 500 on a printed circuit board 570 or on another type of corresponding substrate, on the bottom surface of the support 24 (i.e., on the surface opposite the channel 22). Various pairs of electrodes are energized using a radio frequency source 574 (or generator). Multiplexer 576 can distribute RF energy to different pairs of electrodes as desired under the control of controller 578. In accordance with various embodiments, the RF source 574, multiplexer 576, and controller 578 may be located in the handle 6 of the tool.

In such an embodiment, the printed circuit board 570 may comprise a plurality of layers that provide electrical connections between the multiplexer 576 and various pairs of electrodes. For example, as shown in Figures 60-63, the printed circuit board may contain three layers 580 _1-3 , each layer 580 provides connections to five pairs of electrodes. For example, the uppermost layer 580 ₃ may provide connections to the nearest five pairs of electrodes, as shown in Figures 60 and 61; the middle layer 580 ₂ can provide connections to the middle five pairs of electrodes, as shown in Figures 60 and 62; and the lowest layer 580 ₁ can provide connections to the farthest five pairs of electrodes, as shown in Figures 60 and 63.

Figure 64 shows an end view in cross section of a support 24, in accordance with such an embodiment. The printed circuit board 570 located adjacent to the parenthesis pockets 584 comprises three conductive layers 580 _1-3 having insulating layers 582 _1-4 between them. Figures 65 and 66 show how various layers 580 _1-3 can be stacked to connect to a multiplexer 576 in the handle.

The advantage of having so many RF electrodes in the working body 12, as shown in Figure 67, is that if the line 590 of the metal brackets or other electrically conductive object remains in the tissue 592 from the previous shot of the instrument or surgical procedure, and it can cause a short circuit of the electrodes, then such a short circuit situation can be detected by the generator and the multiplexer, and the energy can be modulated in a manner corresponding to a short circuit of the circuit.

Figure 27 shows another working body 12 with radio frequency electrodes. In this embodiment, the working member 12 contains only the distant electrodes 500 ₁ , with the metal support 24 serving as the return electrode. The distant electrodes 500 ₁ do not extend over the entire length of the support 24, but only for part of the length. In the illustrated embodiment, the distant electrodes 500 ₁ have a length of only about 20 mm along the 60 mm support, so that the distant electrodes 500 ₁ only cover approximately the farthest 1/3 of the length of the support. In other embodiments, implementation, distant electrodes 500 ₁ may cover the farthest 1 / 10-1 / 2 of the length of the support. Such embodiments may be used for point coagulation, as described in US Pat. No. 5599350, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Figure 28 shows another embodiment of a working member 12 with radio frequency electrodes. In this embodiment, the active electrode 500 is located at the far end of the support 24, isolated from the support 24 using an electrically non-conductive insulator 504, which can be made of ceramic material. Such an embodiment may be used for point coagulation.

Figures 29-32 illustrate other embodiments of the working body 12, which may be suitable for point coagulation. In these embodiments, the support 24 comprises a pair of electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ at the far end of the support 24 located along the lateral side of the support 24. Figure 29 is a front view from the end face of the support 24, in accordance with such an embodiment, Figure 30 represents is a side view, Figure 31 is an enlarged partial front view from the end, and Figure 32 is a top view. In such an embodiment, the metal support 24 may act as a return electrode. Active electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ can be isolated from the support 24 using electrically non-conductive insulators 504, which may contain ceramic material.

Figures 33-36 show an embodiment where the support 24 comprises two distant electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ located in the upper central part of the support 24. Again, the metal support 24 can act as a return electrode and the active electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ can isolate from support 24 using electrically non-conductive insulators 504.

Figures 37-40 show an embodiment where one active electrode 500 ₁ (for example, an active electrode) is located on the support 24, and another active electrode 500 ₂ is located on the lower jaw 22, and preferably on the cartridge 34. The metal support 24 can serve as as a return electrode. The electrode of the support 500 _{1 is} isolated from the support 24 by an insulator 504. The electrode 500 ₂ located in the cartridge 34, which is preferably made of a non-conductive material, such as plastic, is isolated from the metal channel 22 using the cartridge 34.

Figures 41-44 show an embodiment where the support 24 has two active electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ at the farthest end of the support 24, which extend all the way from the upper surface of the support 24 to the lower surface. Again, the metal support 24 can act as a return electrode and the active electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ can be isolated from the support 24 using electrically non-conductive insulators 504.

Figures 45-48 show an embodiment where the cartridge 34 has two active electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ at the farthest end of the bracket cartridge 34. In such an embodiment, the metal support 24 or the metal channel 22 may act as a return electrode. In this illustrated embodiment, electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 _{2 are} connected to insulating inserts 503, but in other embodiments, insulating inserts 503 may be missing and a plastic cartridge 34 may serve as an insulator for electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ .

Figures 49-52 show an embodiment having one active electrode 500 ₁ at the farthest end of the support 24 and another active electrode 500 ₂ at the farthest end of the cartridge 34. Again, in this embodiment, the metal support 24 or the metal channel 22 may act as a return electrode. In this illustrated embodiment, the electrode 500 _{2 is} connected to the insulating inserts 503, 505, but in other embodiments, the insulating inserts 503, 505 may be absent and the plastic cartridge 34 may serve as an insulator for the electrode 500 ₂ .

Figure 57 is a side view, and Figure 58 is a cross-sectional side view of the handle 6, in accordance with other embodiments of the present invention. The illustrated embodiment includes only one trigger, a closing trigger 18. The activation of the knife, the leading elements of the brackets and / or radio frequency electrodes, in this embodiment, can be achieved using other means than a separate firing trigger. For example, as shown in Figure 57, the actuation of the knife, the drive elements of the brackets, and / or the radio frequency electrodes can be activated using a push button switch 540 or another type of switch that is in a position that is convenient for the operator. In Figure 57, the switch 540 is shown in the proximal portion of the handle 6. In another embodiment, the switch may be located near the far end of the handle 6, so that the extension of the nozzle 539 activates the switch, causing actuation of the tool. In such an embodiment, a switch (not shown) may be located below or near the nozzle 539, so that the movement of the nozzles affects the switch.

Alternatively, the actuation of the knife, the driving elements of the brackets and / or the radio frequency electrodes may be activated by voice or other sound commands detected by the microphone 542. In other embodiments, the handle 6 may comprise a radio frequency or sound transceiver 541 that can receive and / or transmit radio frequency or beeps to activate the instrument. Also, as shown in Figure 58, the foot pedal or switch 544 can be used to activate the tool 10. The foot pedal 544 can be connected to the handle 6 using a cable 545. Also, the handle 6 may include control using a set 546 or other suitable device controls for controlling the actuation of the segmented RF electrodes (see, for example, Figures 23 and 24). Using such a control device 546, the operator can sequentially activate various pairs of radio frequency electrodes 500 in the working body 12.

Tool 10, shown in Figures 57 and 58, also includes many user feedback systems. As discussed above, the tool 10 may include a speaker 543 for voice commands or instructions for the operator. In addition, the handle 6 may include visual indicators 548, such as LEDs or other light sources, which provide visual feedback regarding the actuation of various segmented RF electrodes. For example, each of the visual indicators 548 may correspond to one of a pair of segmented RF electrodes. The corresponding visual indicator 548 can be activated when a pair of segmented RF electrodes is activated. In addition, the handle 6 may include an alphanumeric display 550, which, for example, may be an LED or LCD display. The display 550 can be connected to the printed circuit board 552 inside the handle 6. The handle 6 may also include a vibrator 554 in the area of the pistol handle 26, which can provide vibration feedback to the operator. For example, the vibrator 554 may vibrate every time one of the pairs of segmented RF electrodes in the operating member 12 is activated.

Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view of the working body 12 in accordance with various embodiments, where the electrodes are on the upper jaw 24 (or support). In the illustrated embodiment, the active electrodes 500 are located adjacent to the slot 516 for the knife. The metal support 24 may serve as a return electrode. Insulators 504, which can be made of ceramic, insulate the electrodes 500 from the metal support 24. The embodiment of Figure 68 is similar to Figure 26, except that the electrodes 500 are made smaller so that the portion of the insulators 504 can extend between the respective electrodes 500 and the edges of the channel 516 for the knife.

Figure 53 is a cross-sectional view from the side of the distal end of the working body 12, in accordance with another embodiment. In this embodiment, similar to the embodiment of Figure 26, the active electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ are located on the support 24, on opposite sides of the knife channel. The electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 _{2 are} isolated from the metal support by means of insulators 504, which again preferably contain ceramic material. In this embodiment, however, the insulators 504 are made very thin (compared to Figure 26). Making insulators 504 very thin provides a potential advantage in that the support 24 can include a relatively large metal section 520 over the electrodes 500, thereby potentially supporting a thin profile of the support for a given stiffness of the support or a stiffer profile for a given cross-sectional dimension of the support. Insulators 504 can be cast in the support 24 or sprayed onto it.

Figure 54 illustrates another embodiment. In this embodiment, active electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ are spray-coated or bonded to insulators 504, which can also be spray-bonded or bonded to a support 24. Like the embodiment in FIG. 53, this design allows more support material over the electrodes. In such an embodiment, the electrodes 500 ₁ , 500 ₂ may contain silver, which is a good conductor of electricity and has antimicrobial properties.

Figure 55 shows a side view of the working body, in accordance with another embodiment. In this embodiment, a thin film of electrically insulating material 530 is deposited on the front side of the cartridge 34. The insulating film 530 preferably contains heat and arc resistant material, such as ceramic. This would tend to increase the resistance of the cartridge 34 to the effects of arc discharge and short circuit, making it possible to shoot more between replacements of the cartridge 34. In addition, if the cartridge 34 is a poor conductor of electricity, this could contribute to faster tissue heating. and reducing overall energy requirements. Active electrodes (not shown in Figure 55) may be located in the support 24, as described in the embodiments above.

Figure 56 shows an embodiment that is similar to that shown in Figure 55, except that in Figure 56 a thin layer 532 of weakly conductive material is deposited on top of the insulating film 530. The conductivity of the thin, weakly conductive layer 532 may be lower than the conductivity of the tissue clamped in the working body 12 for processing. As such, a thin, weakly conductive layer 532 may provide a path with limited conductivity to provide additional heating of the clamped tissue. This would tend to decrease the time required to heat the tissue and achieve coagulation.

As described above, the tool 10 may include a pivot pin 14 for articulating the working body 12. A doctor or operator of the tool 10 can pivotally position the working body 12 with respect to the shaft 8 by using the articulated joint control 16, as described in more detail in the published application U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0158385 A1, entitled “Surgical Instrument, Having An Articulating End Effector”, Geoffrey C. Hueil et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. In another embodiment, instead of the control device that is integrated into the tool 10, the working element 12 can be articulated using a separate tool, such as a gripping device, which is inserted into the patient, so that his working section is near the working body 12, so that it can articulate the working body 12 at will. A separate tool can be inserted through holes other than the holes for the working body 12, or through the same hole. Also, different operators can work with separate tools, or one person can work with both tools, for articulating the working body 12. In another passive scenario of articulating, the working body 12 can be articulated by carefully pushing it to other parts of the patient to achieve desired articulation.

In another embodiment, the operating member 12 may be connected to the handle using a flexible cable. In such an embodiment, the tool 12 can be positioned at will and held in position by using another tool, for example, a separate tool with a gripper. In addition, in other embodiments, the implement 12 can be positioned using a separate tool and clamped using a second separate tool. In addition, the working body 12 can be made small enough, for example, 8-9 mm wide and 10-11 mm high, so that the retracting mechanism before closing can be used to clamp the working body from the handle 6. The retracting mechanism until closing can be similar described in US patent. No. 5562701, entitled “Cable-Actuated Jaw Assembly For Surgical Instruments”, which is incorporated herein by reference. Cable 600 may be located in or near the flexible endoscope for use, for example, in procedures in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract.

In yet another embodiment, as shown in Figures 69 and 70, the tool 10 may comprise a flexible neck assembly 732, allowing articulation of the working member 12. When the articulation transmission assembly 731 connected to the shaft 8 rotates, this may cause a remote articulation joint assembly 732 flexible neck. The flexible neck assembly 732 may comprise a first and second flexible neck portion 733, 734 that accommodate the first and second flexible tape assemblies 735, 736. As the articulated transmission assembly 731 rotates, one of the first and second flexible tape assemblies 735, 736 moves forward, and the other tape assembly moves backward. In response to the reciprocating movement of the tape assemblies within the first and second flexible neck sections 733, 734 of the flexible neck assembly 732, the flexible neck assembly 732 is bent to provide articulation. A further description of the flexible neck is described in US Pat. No. 5,703,534, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The devices described herein may be designed to be replaced after a single use, or they may be designed for repeated use. In any case, however, the device can be restored for reuse after at least one use. Recovery may include any combination of the steps of disassembling the device, followed by cleaning or replacing specific parts, and subsequent reassembly. In particular, the device can be disassembled, and any number of individual parts or parts of the device can be selectively replaced or removed in any combination. When cleaning and / or replacing individual parts, the device can be reassembled for later use either in a recovery facility or by surgical personnel, immediately prior to the surgical procedure. Specialists in this field will notice that device recovery can use a variety of technologies to disassemble, clean / replace and reassemble. The use of such technologies and the resulting reconditioned device are within the scope of this application.

Preferably, the various embodiments of the present invention described herein will be performed prior to surgery. First, a new or used tool is obtained and, if necessary, cleaned. Then the instrument can be sterilized. In one sterilization technique, the instrument is placed in a fixed and sealed container, such as a thermoformed plastic sheath coated with a TYVEK sheet. The container and instrument are then placed in a radiation field that can penetrate through the container, such as gamma radiation, X-rays or high-energy electrons. Radiation kills bacteria on the instrument and in the container. The sterilized instrument can then be stored in a sterile container. A sealed container keeps the instrument sterile until it is opened in a medical facility.

It is preferred that the device is sterilized. This can be done using any number of methods known to those skilled in the art, including beta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, steam, and other methods.

Although the present invention is illustrated by describing several embodiments, and although the illustrative embodiments are described in sufficient detail, the authors do not intend to limit in any way the scope of the attached claims to such details. Additional benefits and modifications may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The various embodiments of the present invention represent significant improvements over other methods using brackets that require the use of brackets of different sizes in the same cartridge to obtain brackets that have different formed (final) height.

Accordingly, the present invention is discussed in terms of endoscopic procedures and devices. However, the use of terms such as “endoscopic” here should not be construed as limiting the present invention to a surgical instrument for stapling and cutting, for use only in combination with an endoscopic tube (i.e., trocar). In contrast, it is contemplated that the present invention may find application in any procedure where access is restricted, including but not limited to laparoscopic procedures as well as open procedures. Moreover, unique and new aspects of the various embodiments of the staple cartridges of the present invention can find application when they are used in combination with other forms of brackets without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. A surgical tool for cutting and bonding, containing:
working body;
a shaft connected to the working body, the shaft comprising a drive circuit for powering the working body; and
a handle connected to the shaft, the handle comprising:
an electric DC motor connected to the drive circuit to power the drive circuit;
a DC power source comprising one or more batteries; and
a power regulator having an input connected to a DC power source and an output connected to a motor input, wherein the power regulator comprises:
power converter and
a control circuit for controlling the power converter, the control circuit being configured to monitor the output voltage at the motor input and control the set voltage value for the power converter, so that the output voltage supplied from the power source to the motor is less than the output voltage at which the power source DC produces maximum power. 2. The surgical tool for cutting and bonding according to claim 1, wherein the power converter comprises a DC to DC power converter. 3. The surgical tool for cutting and bonding according to claim 2, in which the DC-DC power converter contains a pulsed power converter. 4. The surgical tool for cutting and bonding according to claim 3, in which the DC-DC power converter contains an intermediate boost converter. 5. The surgical tool for cutting and fastening according to claim 1, in which the working body contains at least one radio frequency electrode. 6. The surgical tool for cutting and fastening according to claim 1, additionally containing a device for limiting the torque connected between the output pole of the motor. 7. The surgical tool for cutting and fastening according to claim 1, further comprising a power supply selector switch connected to the power source. 8. The surgical tool for cutting and fastening according to claim 1, in which the working body contains:
upper sponge;
lower sponge opposite the upper sponge; and
a cutting tool located in a longitudinal channel defined by a lower jaw. 9. The surgical tool for cutting and fastening of claim 8, in which the lower lip contains a bracket cartridge. 10. The surgical tool for cutting and fastening according to claim 9, in which the upper sponge contains at least one radio frequency electrode. 11. The surgical tool for cutting and fastening according to claim 1, in which the control of the set voltage value for the power converter further comprises controlling the set value of the voltage for the power converter to control the current received from the DC power source. 12. The surgical tool for cutting and bonding according to claim 11, in which the control circuit is designed to control the set voltage value for the power Converter, to control the current received from the DC power source, so that the DC power source is restored before the next pulse.

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