RU2496409C2 - Method of forming multidimensional image of cardiovascular system state and its visualisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine. In method realisation current values of each of parameters of clinical data characterising current state of cardiovascular system are measured and fixed. Results of assessment of values of clinical data parameters are transformed. Results of assessment of current values of each parameter of clinical data are fixed depending on time of performed measurements. Results of transformation of assessment of current values of each parameter of clinical data are visualised on plane, coinciding with plane of displaying multicolour screen of videomonitor. Information about dynamics of cardiovascular system state is obtained. Also performed is digitisation and weighting of fixed instant values of each parameter of clinical data in physical values. Three-dimensional image of cardiovascular system state A_N(t) is created in form of totality of geometrical places of points in N-dimensional space of cardiovascular system states, with coordinates of each point of N-dimensional space of cardiovascular system states being determined by totality of non-invasively and invasively measured in physical values digitised instant values of various clinical data, which characterise current state of cardiovascular system. Two-dimensional images of cardiovascular system states A₂(t) are formed in form of projections of formed A_N(t) on plane, coinciding with plane of displaying multicolour screen of videomonitor. Coordinates in 2-dimensional state of cardiovascular system states of each point of formed A₂(t) are memorised. Virtual three-dimensional models of various nosologic forms of cardiovascular system diseases B_i are built in form of totality of M-geometrical places of points in N-dimensional space of cardiovascular system state, where i=1; 2; 3;…M is the number of displayed diseases of cardiovascular system. Coordinates of each point of each of B are determined by totality of values of various clinical data in physical values, describing characteristic clinical-morphological picture of corresponding disease and degree of CVS pathology manifestation, respectively. Coordinates in N-dimensional space of cardiovascular system state of all points of three-dimensional images B_i are memorised. Two-dimensional models of various nosologic forms of cardiovascular system diseases B_2i are formed in form of projections, formed by B_2i on plane, coinciding with plane of displaying multicolout screen of videomonitor. Coordinates in 2-dimensional space of cardiovascular system state of all points formed by B_2i are memorised. Formed B_2i are visualised on screen of multicolour videomonitor in such a way that colour of each point B_2i in visible ranges of wavelengths Δλ_r, Δλ_o, Δλ_y, Δλ_g, Δλ_b…Δλ,_m corresponds to certain type of disease, and degree of pathology is characterised by value, inversely proportional to wavelength of respective range. Visualisation on screen of multicolour videomonitor of successively formed in time values A₂(t) is also performed, with each previous value A₂(t) being connected by means of straight lines with their following values, and colour of A₂(t) and connecting straight lines is formed by addition of red (Δλ_r), green (Δλ_g) and blue (Δλ_b) colours with similar amplitude proportion. Check of satisfaction of set of conditions A₂(t) ⊂ B_2i is carried out. Decision about cardiovascular system disease is taken in case of satisfaction of a condition from set A₂(t) ⊂ B_2i. Ambiguity of taking decision about cardiovascular system disease is excluded if mutual intersections B_2i are present, when instant value A₂(t) simultaneously belongs to two and more B_2i, by formation on screen of multicolour videomonitor of each of new images of state $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and non-intersecting images of diseases $${в}_{2i}^k$$

by respective k transmissions of origin of coordinates of N-dimensional space of cardiovascular system state into selected by cardiologist points on plane of multicolour screen of videomonitor and carrying out procedure of projecting A(t) and B_i on plane coinciding with plane of displaying multicolour screen of videomonitor and after each of k transmissions of origin of coordinates of N-dimensional space of cardiovascular system state, where k=1; 2; 3;…j. Formed $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and $${в}_{2i}^k$$

are visualised on screen of multicolour videomonitor. procedure of $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and $${в}_{2i}^k$$

formation is stopped when condition, when $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

belongs only to one $${в}_{2i}^k$$

is satisfied. Decision about absence of disease is taken if condition A₂(t) ⊄ B_2i is satisfied. Assessment of dynamics of change of cardiovascular system state is performed by results of analysis of preliminarily determined values of quantities Δ_τ=A₂(t₁)-A₂(t₂) and $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

for specified time interval, where t₁; t₂ are moments of time of beginning and end of specified time interval respectively.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to simplify process of operative analysis of clinical data by set of measured clinical signs and avoid mistakes in generation of medical control decision for diagnosing.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine and medical equipment and can be used in systems for the analysis and control of clinical (laboratory) data, including by means of computer-based express diagnostics for classification and prediction, monitor analysis and control of clinical data in the diagnosis of a living organism.

A known method of obtaining a tomographic image of the body and an electrical impedance tomograph [1], which provides diagnostics of organs with time-varying conductivity. The method is based on measuring potential differences over time and provides reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the measured parameter by normalizing the obtained conductivity values, based on the fact that the smallest and largest conductivity values are highlighted in different colors. The method does not allow to evaluate the dynamics of changes in the state of a living organism by the set of measured parameters (clinical data).

Known methods of computer processing and analysis of images, designed to obtain useful information about the contents of the image, its properties [2].

A known method of computer processing and analysis of images in the medical diagnosis of erythrocytometry [3]. The method allows, on the basis of determining (taking measurements) the parameters of erythrocytes of various classes in human blood and visual representation of the corresponding images, to build histograms of the distribution of erythrocytes by classes, which are used to judge the deviation of the result from the norm, which ensures the diagnosis of human health.

The considered methods are unsuitable for dynamic monitoring and analysis of the state of a living organism, do not allow to take into account the background of the current state of a living organism, and are also laborious and cumbersome.

Known methods for clinical evaluation of laboratory data, designed to obtain useful information for the diagnosis and control of treatment based on laboratory tests of blood and urine [4]. The methods allow for both single and dynamic control, and analysis of the state of the human body.

A disadvantage of the known methods is the great complexity, complexity and cumbersomeness of conducting dynamic analysis of laboratory data for a variety of measured parameters.

The closest in technical essence is the method of visual display and dynamic control of clinical data [5], which allows the process of dynamic analysis of clinical data by the set of their values and the provision of information in the form of a color code matrix diagram.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are the need to analyze a large amount of abstract information in the form of an information color-matrix matrix diagram, which leads to errors in the diagnosis by a cardiologist. In addition, the prototype lacks the ability to implement an automated diagnosis process.

The required technical result consists in carrying out a logical sequence of actions for registration and statistical processing of current values of clinical data, and their comprehensive analysis to obtain an operational assessment of the values and nature of the distribution of values of clinical data and their continuous updating; the formation of a multidimensional image of the state of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in accordance with the recorded clinical data and its visual display; automated diagnosis generation based on the analysis of the generated multidimensional image of the CVS state.

и непересекающихся образов заболеваний $$B_{2i}^k$$

путем соответствующих k переносов начала координат N-мерного пространства состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы в выбранные врачом - кардиологом точки на плоскости многоцветного экрана видеомонитора и осуществления процедуры проецирования A_N(t) и B_i на плоскость, совпадающую с плоскостью отображающего многоцветного экрана видеомонитора и после каждого из k переносов начала координат N-мерного пространства состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы, где k=1; 2; 3; …j, визуализируют на экране многоцветного видеомонитора сформированные $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

и $$B_{2i}^k$$

, прекращают процедуру формирования $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

и $$B_{2i}^k$$

при достижении условия, когда $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

будет принадлежать только одному $$B_{2i}^k$$

, принимают решение об отсутствии заболевания, при выполнении условия A₂(t) ⊄ B_2i, осуществляют оценку динамики изменения состояния ССС по результатам анализа предварительно определенных значений величин Δ_τ=А₂(t₁)-А₂(t₂) и $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

для заданного временного интервала, где t₁; t₂ - моменты времени начала и конца заданного временного интервала, соответственно; $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

- частная производная по времени от Δ_τ.The required technical result is achieved by the method of forming a multidimensional image of the state of the cardiovascular system, its visual display and dynamic control, including measuring and fixing the current values of each of the indicators of clinical data characterizing the current state of the cardiovascular system, converting the results of the evaluation of the values of the indicators clinical data, recording the results of the assessment of the current values of each indicator of clinical data, depending on the number of measurements taken (the moment the measurements were taken), a visual display of the results of the conversion of the assessment of the current values of each indicator of clinical data on a plane that coincides with the plane of the multi-color screen of the video monitor, obtaining information about the dynamics of the state of the cardiovascular system. In addition, they digitize and weight the recorded instantaneous values of each clinical data, build a three-dimensional image of the state of the cardiovascular system - A ₂ (t) in the form of a set of geometric locations of points in the N-dimensional state space, and the coordinates of each point in the N-dimensional space conditions of the cardiovascular system is determined by the combination of non-invasively and invasively measured in physical quantities digitized instantaneous values of various clinical data characterizing the current -being of the cardiovascular system, form two-dimensional images of states of the cardiovascular system - A ₂ (t) in the form of projections formed A _N (t) in a plane coinciding with the plane of the monitor screen displaying a multicolor, coordinates stored in 2-dimensional space cardiovascular conditions the vascular system of each point formed A ₂ (t); build virtual three-dimensional models of various nosological forms of diseases of the cardiovascular system - B _i , in the form of a set of M-geometric locations of points in the N-dimensional space of the state of the cardiovascular system, where i = 1; 2; 3; ... M is the number of displayed diseases of the cardiovascular system, while the coordinates of each point of each of B _{i are} determined by the set of values of various clinical data in physical quantities that describe the characteristic clinical and morphological picture of the corresponding disease and the severity of the pathology of the cardiovascular system, respectively, remember the coordinates in the N-dimensional space of the state of the cardiovascular system of all points of volumetric images B _i , form two-dimensional models of various nosological pho pm diseases of the cardiovascular system - B _2i in the form of projections formed by B _i on a plane that coincides with the plane of the displaying the multi-color screen of the video monitor, remember the coordinates in the 2-dimensional space of the state of the cardiovascular system of all points formed by B _2i , visualize the generated on the screen of the multi-color video monitor B _2i in the form of a set of M-geometric places of points of the N-dimensional space of the state of the cardiovascular system, the color of which, in the visible wavelength ranges Δλ _k , Δλ _o , Δλ _w , Δλ _s , Δλ _G ... Δλ _M corresponds to a certain type of disease, and the degree of pathology is characterized by a value inversely proportional to the wavelength of the corresponding range, where Δλ _k is red, Δλ _o is orange, Δλ _w is yellow, Δλ _z is green, Δλ _G is blue, etc. ., also perform visualization on the screen of a multicolor video monitor successively generated time value a ₂ (t), wherein each previous value a ₂ (t) are connected straight followed by their values, the color a ₂ (t) and the connecting lines are formed by complex I red (Δλ _j), green (Δλ _h) and blue (Δλ _G) colors with equal amplitude proportion carried out verification of the variety of conditions A ₂ (t) ⊂ B _2i, decide about the disease in the performance of the cardiovascular system of a conditions from the set A ₂ (t) ⊂ B _2i exclude, in the presence of mutual intersections of B _{2i, the} ambiguity of the decision on the disease of the cardiovascular system, when the instantaneous value of A ₂ (t) simultaneously belongs to two or more B _2i , due to the formation on the screen multi-color video monitor of each of n new state images $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and disjoint images of diseases $$B_{2i}^k$$

by corresponding k translations of the origin of the N-dimensional space of the state of the cardiovascular system to the points selected by the cardiologist on the plane of the multicolor screen of the video monitor and the procedure of projecting A _N (t) and B _i onto the plane coinciding with the plane of the display of the multicolor screen of the video monitor and after each of k translations of the origin of the N-dimensional state space of the cardiovascular system, where k = 1; 2; 3; ... j, the generated images are visualized on the screen of the multicolor video monitor $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and $$B_{2i}^k$$

stop the formation procedure $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and $$B_{2i}^k$$

upon reaching the condition when $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

will only belong to one $$B_{2i}^k$$

make a decision about the absence of disease, when the condition A ₂ (t) ⊄ B _2i is fulfilled, assess the dynamics of the change in the state of the CVS according to the results of the analysis of predefined values of Δ _τ = A ₂ (t ₁ ) -A ₂ (t ₂ ) and $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

for a given time interval, where t ₁ ; t ₂ - time points of the beginning and end of a given time interval, respectively; $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

is the partial time derivative of Δ _τ .

для заданного временного интервала, где $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

- частная производная по времени от Δ_τ, что позволяет поставить диагноз текущего состояния ССС по результатам анализа условий А₂(t) ⊄ B_2i, и A₂(t) ⊂ B_2i. В данном случае постановка диагноза текущего состояния ССС осуществляется на основе выработки врачом-кардиологом сигнала, пропорционального разности координат $${\Delta }_{\rho }={\overline{A}}_2\left(t\right)-{\overline{B}}_{2i}$$

. При этом решение о том или ином заболевании ССС принимается при Δ_ρ=0. Кроме того на основании анализа получаемого сигнала Δ_ρ можно сделать прогноз возможного изменения состояния ССС, что уменьшает число ошибок врача-кардиолога при проведении им диагностики состояния ССС.The inventive method of forming a multidimensional image of the state of the CVS, visual display and control of the dynamics of its change differs from the prototype in that, according to the measured clinical data, virtual models of various nosological forms of diseases are constructed on the plane of the multi-color screen. CCC - B _2i in the form of M-geometric locations of points, while the coordinates of each point of each of B _{2i are} determined by the set of values of various clinical data in physical quantities that describe the characteristic clinical and morphological picture of the corresponding CCC disease, respectively, while the color of each of B _2i in the visible wavelength ranges Δλ _k , Δλ _o , Δλ _w , Δλ _z , Δλ _G ... Δλ _M corresponds to a certain type of disease, and the degree of pathology is characterized by a value inversely proportional to the wavelength of the corresponding range, where e Δλ _k is a red color, Δλ _o is an orange color, Δλ _w is a yellow color, Δλ _s is a green color, Δλ _G is a blue color, etc., where M is the number of displayed CCC diseases. In addition, A ₂ (t) is formed sequentially in time, while each previous value of A ₂ (t) is connected by lines with their subsequent values and the values of Δ _τ = A ₂ (t ₁ ) -A ₂ (t ₂ ) and $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

for a given time interval, where $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

is the partial time derivative of Δ _τ , which makes it possible to diagnose the current state of CCC according to the analysis of conditions A ₂ (t) ⊄ B _2i , and A ₂ (t) ⊂ B _2i . In this case, the diagnosis of the current state of CVS is made on the basis of the development by a cardiologist of a signal proportional to the coordinate difference $${\Delta }_{\rho }={\overline{A}}_2\left(t\right)-{\overline{B}}_{2i}$$

. In this case, the decision on a particular CCC disease is made at Δ _ρ = 0. In addition, based on the analysis of the received signal Δ _ρ, it is possible to make a forecast of a possible change in the state of the CVS, which reduces the number of errors by the cardiologist when he diagnoses the state of the CVS.

These differences allow us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

In the scientific, technical and patent literature, no solutions were found with such a combination of distinctive features. Therefore, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The method of forming a multidimensional image of the state of the CCC is as follows. Two classes of CCC state are introduced: a healthy state and an unhealthy state. In the future, the unhealthy state of CVS is divided into subclasses in accordance with one or another deviation of the current values of clinical data from the norm, describing the characteristic clinical and morphological picture of the corresponding disease of CVS.

It is known that assessing the state of human CVS based on the obtained clinical data is based on solving the inverse multi-parameter cardiology problem. The solution of such problems, as a rule, is associated with significant difficulties causing errors in the diagnosis [5]. Consider the possibility of reducing various interfering factors on the quality of solving inverse problems of cardiology.

The invention is illustrated by drawings,

Where:

figure 1. L — mapping of a point defined in four-dimensional space onto the plane of a multi-color display screen;

figure 2. S - mapping of a point defined in four-dimensional space onto the plane of a multi-color display screen;

figure 3. Mutual arrangement of two-dimensional images of diseases B _2i after k transfer of the origin of the N-dimensional space of the CVS state;

относительно $${B^{\prime }}_{21}$$

и $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

после k+1 переноса начала координат N-мерного пространства состояния ССС;figure 4. Changing the location of a point $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_{\mathrm{one}})$$

regarding $${B^{\prime }}_{2\mathrm{one}}$$

and $${{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B\; \prime "\; filenames="00000034.png,00000035.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B\; </figure-callout>}}^{\prime }}_{22}$$

after k + 1 transfer of the origin of the N-dimensional space of the CCC state;

на плоскости многоцветного отображающего экрана.5 Dynamics of change (for the time interval Δ _t = t ₂ -t ₁ ) position $${A^{\prime }}_2(t)$$

on the plane of a multi-color display screen.

Let the state of the CVS be evaluated by a finite set of N non-invasively and invasively measured digitized instantaneous values of various clinical data in physical quantities, which can be represented as an N-dimensional space of the CVS state. In this N-dimensional space, virtual three-dimensional models of various nosological forms of CCC - B diseases are built, in the form of M - geometric locations of points, where M is the number of CCC diseases; i = 1; 2; 3 ... [6]. The coordinates of the points in each of the M - geometric locations can be represented as a set of specific instantaneous values of various clinical data describing the characteristic clinical and morphological picture of the corresponding CCC disease.

For further analysis of the state of CVS, each point of each B is projected onto a plane that coincides with the plane of the multi-color screen of the video monitor, as a result of which two-dimensional models of various nosological forms of CVS - B _2i diseases are formed, which are then visualized. The color of each of B _2i , in the visible wavelength ranges Δλ _k , Δλ _o , Δλ _w , Δλ _z , Δλ _G ... Δλ _M corresponds to a certain type of disease, and the degree of pathology is characterized by a value inversely proportional to the wavelength of the corresponding range, where Δλ _k is red color, Δλ _о - orange color, Δλ _w - yellow color, Δλ _s - green color Δλ _G - blue color, etc.,

. Проецирование самих точек объемных образов заболеваний ССС из N - мерного пространства состояния ССС на плоскость осуществляется в два этапа [7]:To project each point from the N-dimensional space of the CCC state onto a plane that coincides with the plane of the multi-color display of the video monitor, first form a map of the N-dimensional coordinate system onto the plane as follows: N vectors with an angle between adjacent vectors are constructed from the point that is the origin of coordinates $$\frac{\pi }{n}$$

. The projection of the points of volumetric images of CCC diseases themselves from the N - dimensional space of the CCC state onto the plane is carried out in two stages [7]:

Stage 1. At this stage, we find the direction of the vector in the plane {X '; Y'}, which coincides with the plane of the displaying multi-color screen of the video monitor formed by projecting a point from the N-dimensional space of the CCC state onto a plane containing the origin of this N-dimensional space (this stage is called the stage of formation of the L - map).

, где $${\overrightarrow{p}}_i$$

- единичный двумерный вектор - результат проекции единичного вектора N-мерного пространства на двумерную плоскость, и некоторая точка z с координатами (z₁, z₂, …, z_n), находящаяся в N-мерного пространстве. Тогда координаты проекции точки z (z₁, z₂, …, z_n) на плоскость {X';Y'}, совпадающую с плоскостью отображающего многоцветного экрана видеомонитора определяются в соответствии с соотношением вида:Let there be an N-dimensional coordinate system $$\left({\overrightarrow{p}}_0,{\overrightarrow{p}}_{\mathrm{one}},...,{\overrightarrow{p}}_{n-\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

where $${\overrightarrow{p}}_i$$

- unit two-dimensional vector - the result of the projection of the unit vector of the N-dimensional space on the two-dimensional plane, and some point z with coordinates (z ₁ , z ₂ , ..., z _n ) located in the N-dimensional space. Then the coordinates of the projection of the point z (z ₁ , z ₂ , ..., z _n ) onto the plane {X ';Y'}, which coincides with the plane of the displaying multi-color screen of the video monitor, are determined in accordance with a relationship of the form:

$$z_L(x\text{'}\text{'},y\text{'}\text{'})={\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^n{z}_i{\overrightarrow{p}}_i},\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

Where

z _L (x ', y') - the coordinates of the projection of the point z (z ₁ , z ₂ , ..., z _n ) on the plane {X ';Y'}:

(x ', y') - coordinates on the plane {X '; Y'}.

.Connecting the origin with the point z _L (x ', y'), we form the direction of the vector $$\overrightarrow{z_L}$$

.

.Stage 2. This stage is called the stage of formation of the S-map and its essence is as follows - at this stage we find the vector module $$\overrightarrow{z_L}$$

.

S - the mapping of the point z with coordinates (z ₁ , z ₂ , ..., z _n ) is the point z _S , which is the end of the vector constructed from the origin of the two-dimensional space to the point z _S (x _S , y _S ), the length of which is Euclidean the distance from z to the origin in the N-dimensional space of the CCC state, and a collinear vector constructed from the origin of the two-dimensional space to the point z _L calculated in accordance with relation (1).

This Euclidean distance to the point z _S is determined in accordance with a relationship of the form:

$$\left|z_S\right|=\sqrt{{\left(z_{\mathrm{one}}-c_{\mathrm{one}}\right)}^2+{\left(z_2-c_2\right)}^2+...+{\left(z_n-c_n\right)}^2},\begin{array}{ccc}& & \end{array}\left(2\right)$$

where (c ₁ , c ₂ , ..., c _n ) is the origin in the N-dimensional space of the CCC state.

, а значит, истинные координаты соответствующей точки N-мерного пространства состояний ССС на плоскости {X';Y'}.As a result of the first and second stages of projection, we find the vector $$\overrightarrow{z_S}$$

and, therefore, the true coordinates of the corresponding point of the N-dimensional space of states of the CCC on the plane {X ';Y'}.

We illustrate the procedure for performing the two-stage projection process described above using the example of a 4-dimensional space (N = 4) and a given point in this space.

For ease of analysis, but without losing generality of reasoning, we place the origin of the 4-dimensional space at a point with coordinates (0, 0, 0, 0), we illustrate the process of forming the L-map of a point with coordinates (-1; 4; 2; 1.5) on the plane of the screen (figure 1).

в соответствии с соотношением (2):We calculate the length of the vector $$\overrightarrow{z_S}$$

in accordance with the ratio (2):

; $$\left|z_S\right|=\sqrt{{\left(-\mathrm{one}\right)}^2+{\mathrm{four}}^2+2^2+{1.5}^2}=4.8$$

;

S - display of this point is illustrated in figure 2.

As a result of projecting each point of each of B _i onto a plane that coincides with the plane of the multi-color display of the video monitor using the above method, two-dimensional models of various nosological forms of CCC - B _2i diseases are formed, which are then visualized.

Further, one of the known methods [8] is used for digitizing and weighing the instantaneous values recorded in physical quantities. the values of each indicator of the clinical data of a particular patient. After that, a volumetric image of the patient's CVS state is built - A _N (t) in the form of a set of geometric locations of points A _N (t), where the coordinates of each of its points are determined by the combination of non-invasively and invasively measured in physical quantities digitized instantaneous values of various clinical data characterizing the current state of the patient's CVS in the N-dimensional space. Two-dimensional images of the CCC - A ₂ (t) states are formed in the form of projections of the generated A _N (t) onto a plane coinciding with the plane of the multi-color screen of the video monitor, where the coordinates of each point A _N (t _i ) are determined in accordance with the method described above.

Next, they check the fulfillment of the set of conditions A ₂ (t) ⊄ B _2i and A ₂ (t _i ) ⊂ B _2i and decide on the absence of a disease or on the presence of a corresponding CVS disease when one of the conditions A ₂ (t) ⊄ B _2i and A ₂ (t _i ) ⊂ B _2i . That is, depending on in which specific current point A ₂ (t _i ) is located on the plane of the two-dimensional model B _2i , the cardiologist can make a conclusion about possible diseases of the patient at a given time.

But in the N-dimensional space of CVS states, the volumetric images of diseases B _i can coincide according to a number of clinical data; in this connection, the projected two-dimensional B _2i can overlap each other. This circumstance makes it necessary to include in the process of diagnosing the state of the CCC a procedure for studying the topology of the mutual arrangement of two-dimensional B _2i in order to determine collisions of their intersection.

и непересекающихся двумерных моделей различных нозологических форм болезней ССС - $$B_{2i}^k$$

путем соответствующих k переносов начала координат N-мерного пространства состояния ССС в выбранные экспертом точки на плоскости многоцветного экрана, где k=1; 2; 3; …j [9]. При каждом таком переносе начала координат формируют $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

и $$B_{2i}^k$$

путем проецирования A_N(t) и B_i, описанным выше способом, на плоскость {X';Y'}, содержащую новое начало координат. После каждого из k переносов начала координат N-мерного пространства состояния ССС и формирования $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

и $$B_{2i}^k$$

осуществляют проверку выполнения условий $$A_2^k\left(t\right)\subset B_{2i}^k$$

или $$A_2^k\left(t\right)\not\subset B_{2i}^k$$

. Прекращают процедуры исследования топологии взаимного расположения B_2i и формирования $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

и $$B_{2i}^k$$

при выполнении условия, когда $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

будет принадлежать какому либо одному из $$B_{2i}^k$$

или будет справедливо условие A₂(t) ⊄ B_2i.Exclusion of the ambiguity of the decision about the disease. CCC, when the instantaneous value of A ₂ (t) at the same time can belong to two or more B _2i , when they intersect _{each other} and when this instantaneous value of A ₂ (t) falls into the intersection region, they are carried out through the formation of new state images $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and disjoint two-dimensional models of various nosological forms of CCC diseases - $$B_{2i}^k$$

by corresponding k transfers of the origin of the N-dimensional space of the CCC state to the points selected by the expert on the plane of the multicolor screen, where k = 1; 2; 3; ... j [9]. With each such transfer, the origin is formed $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and $$B_{2i}^k$$

by projecting A _N (t) and B _i , as described above, onto the plane {X ';Y'} containing the new origin. After each of k transfers of the origin of the N-dimensional space of the state of the CCC and the formation $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and $$B_{2i}^k$$

verify compliance with the conditions $$A_2^k\left(t\right)\subset B_{2i}^k$$

or $$A_2^k\left(t\right)\not\subset B_{2i}^k$$

. The procedures for studying the topology of the mutual arrangement of B _2i and formation are terminated $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and $$B_{2i}^k$$

under the condition when $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

will belong to any one of $$B_{2i}^k$$

or the condition A ₂ (t) ⊄ B _2i holds.

, $${B^{\prime }}_{21}$$

и $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

. Топология взаимного положения двумерного образа состояний ССС, соответствующая моменту времени t₁ - $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_1)$$

относительно двух виртуальных двумерных моделей нозологических форм болезней ССС - $${B^{\prime }}_{21}$$

и $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

после k+1 переноса начала координат N-мерного пространства состояния ССС иллюстрируется на фиг.4. Анализ фиг.4 показывает, что на момент времени t₁ после k+1 переноса начала координат N-мерного пространства состояния ССС виртуальные двумерные модели нозологических форм болезней ССС - $${B^{\prime }}_{21}$$

и $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

пространственно полностью разделены, а $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_1)$$

принадлежит только $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

. Такая топология взаимного положения $${B^{\prime }}_{21}$$

, $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

и $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_1)$$

позволяет поставить однозначный диагноз.For example, figure 3 illustrates the topology of the relative position on the {X ', Y'} plane of the multicolor screen of the video monitor of the two-dimensional image of the CCC state, corresponding to time t ₁ - A ₂ (t ₁ ) relative to two virtual two-dimensional models of nosological forms of CCC diseases - At ₂₁ and B ₂₂ with k transfer of the origin of the N-dimensional state space of the CCC (see figure 3). Analysis of figure 3 shows that at time t ₁ after k the origin of the N-dimensional space of the state of the CCC is transferred, the disease of the CCC cannot be unambiguously determined, since A ₂ (t ₁ ) falls into the region of intersection of B ₂₁ and B ₂₂ . To eliminate this ambiguity in deciding on CVD disease, carry out the procedure of k + 1-st coordinate transfer to a point selected by the expert on the plane {X ', Y'}, and then form as described above $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_{\mathrm{one}})$$

, $${B^{\prime }}_{2\mathrm{one}}$$

and $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

. The topology of the mutual position of the two-dimensional image of the CCC states corresponding to the time t ₁ - $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_{\mathrm{one}})$$

relatively two virtual two-dimensional models of nosological forms of diseases of CVS - $${B^{\prime }}_{2\mathrm{one}}$$

and $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

after k + 1 transfer of the origin of the N-dimensional state space of the CCC is illustrated in Fig.4. The analysis of figure 4 shows that at time t ₁ after k + 1 transfer of the origin of the N-dimensional space of the state of the CVS virtual two-dimensional models of nosological forms of diseases of the CVS - $${B^{\prime }}_{2\mathrm{one}}$$

and $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

spatially completely separated, and $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_{\mathrm{one}})$$

only belongs $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

. Such a topology of relative position $${B^{\prime }}_{2\mathrm{one}}$$

, $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

and $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_{\mathrm{one}})$$

allows you to make an unambiguous diagnosis.

для заданного временного интервала.To assess the dynamics of changes in the state of the CCC determine the values of Δ _τ = A ₂ (t ₁ ) -A ₂ (t ₂ ) and $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

for a given time interval.

, а также результаты периодической проверки выполнения условий A₂(t) ⊄ B_2i и A₂(t) ⊂ B_2i на заданном временном интервале позволяют не только оценить текущее состояние ССС, но и сделать прогноз изменения этого состояния, включая возможность осуществления этой процедуры автоматически. Так, например, на фиг.5 иллюстрируется одно из возможных изменений топологии взаимного положения $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_1)$$

относительно $${B^{\prime }}_{21}$$

; $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

(см. фиг.4) за интервал времени Δ_t=t₂-t₁.The obtained values of Δ _τ and $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

, as well as the results of periodic verification of the fulfillment of conditions A ₂ (t) ⊄ B _2i and A ₂ (t) ⊂ B _2i at a given time interval, allow not only to evaluate the current state of the CVS, but also to make a forecast of changes in this state, including the possibility of this procedure automatically. So, for example, figure 5 illustrates one of the possible changes in the topology of the relative position $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_{\mathrm{one}})$$

regarding $${B^{\prime }}_{2\mathrm{one}}$$

; $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

(see figure 4) for the time interval Δ _t = t ₂ -t ₁ .

где i=1; 2; 3; …, характеризующей состояние конкретного пациента, относительно сформированных двумерных моделей нозологических форм болезней ССС - $${B^{\prime }}_{21}$$

и $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

интервал времени Δ_t=t₂-t₁.Figure 5 graphically presents the dynamics of the processes of changing the state of the CCC is displayed as a change in the location of the point $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_i)$$

where i = 1; 2; 3; ... characterizing the condition of a particular patient, relative to the formed two-dimensional models of nosological forms of diseases of CVS - $${B^{\prime }}_{2\mathrm{one}}$$

and $${B^{\prime }}_{22}$$

time interval Δ _t = t ₂ -t ₁ .

Thus, the developed method allows to obtain information about the state of the CVD in the form of a multidimensional image of this condition, which is logically clear and convenient when used by a cardiologist. This, in turn, eliminates the need for a cardiologist to analyze a large amount of abstract information, in the form, for example, of an information color-matrix matrix diagram and the associated errors in diagnosis. In addition, it becomes possible to implement the process of automated assessment of the state of the CCC and predicting its development.

на экране монитора, характеризующего диагностируемого пациента.Analysis of the results of the formation of a multidimensional image of the state of CVS and its visual display helps to make an accurate diagnosis for the patient, to identify hidden diseases. It is also important to note that the approach under consideration allows us to monitor the dynamics of the patient's CVS state based on the analysis of hodograph behavior $${A^{\prime }}_2(t_i)$$

on the screen of the monitor characterizing the diagnosed patient.

Thus, the proposed method for the formation of a multidimensional image of the CVS state, its visual display and dynamic control can be considered as a new approach in medical diagnostics, providing information support for medical decisions for a cardiologist.

The object of study and medical parameters can be very different.

To conduct operational (in the real scale of measurements) control of the current values of clinical data, a very effective application of the method is the observation or monitoring mode (operational viewing of clinical data using a computer).

The application of the proposed method in medical practice will allow you to quickly monitor and analyze the patterns of the course of diseases, therefore, can lead to an improvement in the diagnosis of diseases, and in some, prevention of their development. The application of the proposed method today can be widely used in clinics using the technology "Telecardiology".

Information sources

1. RU 2127075, A61B 5/05, 03/10/1999.

2. Computer processing and image analysis. BYTE. Russia. Magazine for professionals. Publ. House Peter. 6/7 (22-23), June-July, 2000, pp. 54-57.

3. Computer processing and image analysis. BYTE. Russia. Magazine for professionals. Publ. House Peter. 6/7 (22-23), June-July, 2000, pp. 57-59.

4. Handbook of the therapist. Volume 2. M.: Publishing House LLC. ACT. 1998. Pages 703-720.

5. RU 2195017, G06F 19/00, publ. 12/20/2002.

6. Korenevsky N.A. Principles and methods for constructing interactive systems for the diagnosis and management of human health based on multifunctional models: Dis. Doct. tech. Sciences: St. Petersburg, 1993 .-- 322 p.

7. Dovgal V.M., Starkov F.A., Classification and recognition of point images using visualization of multidimensional objects [Text] // Bulletin of the Kursk State Technical University. 2007. No4 (21). S.78-80.

8. Lbov G.S. Methods for processing diverse experimental data - Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1981. - 158 p.

9. Kochetkova IA, The use of geometric methods of pattern recognition to support the decision-making of the diagnostician / I.A. Kochetkova // Mathematical methods in engineering and technology - MMTT-23, [text]: Sat. Proceedings of the XXIII International scientific Conf .: at 12 T.T. 6. Section 7 / under the general. ed. B.C. Balakireva. Belgorod: Bel. state tech. Univ., 2010 .-- S.155-157.

Claims (1)

The method of forming a multidimensional image of the state of the cardiovascular system and its visualization, which consists in measuring and fixing the current values of each of the indicators of clinical data characterizing the current state of the cardiovascular system, converting the results of the evaluation of the values of the indicators of clinical data, fixing the results of the assessment of the current values of each indicator of the clinical data, depending on the time of the measurements, visual display of the results of the conversion estimates of current values of each indicator of clinical data on a plane that coincides with the plane of the multi-color display of the video monitor, obtaining information about the dynamics of the state of the cardiovascular system, characterized in that they digitize and weight the recorded instantaneous values of each indicator of clinical data in physical quantities, build a three-dimensional image of the state of the cardiovascular system - A _N (1) in the form of a set of geometrical places of points in the N-dimensional space of states of the cardiovascular systems, and the coordinates of each point of the N-dimensional space of states of the cardiovascular system are determined by the combination of non-invasively and invasively measured in physical quantities digitized instantaneous values of various clinical data characterizing the current state of the cardiovascular system, form two-dimensional images of the states of the cardiovascular system - A ₂ (t) in the form of projections formed by A _N (t) onto a plane coinciding with the plane of the displaying multi-color screen of the video monitor, the coordinates are stored in 2 -dimensional space of states of the cardiovascular system of each point formed by A ₂ (t); build virtual three-dimensional models of various nosological forms of diseases of the cardiovascular system - B _i , in the form of a set of M - geometric locations of points in the N-dimensional space of the state of the cardiovascular system, where i = 1; 2; 3; ... M is the number of displayed diseases of the cardiovascular system, while the coordinates of each point of each of B _{i are} determined by the set of values of various clinical data in physical quantities that describe the characteristic clinical and morphological picture of the corresponding disease and the severity of the CVS pathology, respectively, the coordinates are stored in N-dimensional space of the state of the cardiovascular system of all points of volumetric images B _i , form two-dimensional models of various nosological forms of diseases of the cardiovascular system udistoy system - B _2i in the form of projections formed by B _i on the plane coincident with the plane of displaying a multicolor video display screen, storing coordinates in two-dimensional space of the cardiovascular system all points formed B _2i visualize on the screen a multicolor video display generated B _2i, so that the color of each point B _2i , in the visible wavelength ranges Δλ _k , Δλ _o , Δλ _w , Δλ _z , Δλ _g , ..., Δλ _m corresponds to a certain type of disease, and the degree of pathology is characterized by an inverse proportion wavelength of the corresponding range, where Δλ _k is red, Δλ _o is orange, Δλ _g is yellow, Δλ _z is green, Δλ _g is blue, ..., Δλ _m , the multicolor video monitor is also visualized sequentially on the screen the values of A ₂ (t) formed in time, and each previous value of A ₂ (t) is connected by lines with their subsequent values, and the color of A ₂ (t) and connecting lines is formed by adding red (Δλ _to ), green (Δλ _s ) and blue (Δλ _g ) colors with the same amplitude proportion, check if the set of conditions A ₂ (t) ⊂ B _{2i is fulfilled} , they make a decision about the disease of the cardiovascular system if any of the conditions from the set A ₂ (t) ⊂ B _{2i is fulfilled} , if the intersection of B _2i -vascular system, when the instantaneous value of A ₂ (t) simultaneously belongs to two or more B _2i , due to the formation of a multi-color video monitor of each of the new state images on the screen $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and non-overlapping images of diseases $${\mathrm{at}}_{2i}^k$$

by corresponding k transfers of the origin of the N-dimensional space of the state of the cardiovascular system to points selected by the cardiologist on the plane of the multicolor screen of the video monitor and the procedure for projecting A (t) and B _i onto the plane coinciding with the plane of the display of the multicolor screen of the video monitor, and after each of k translations of the origin of the N-dimensional state space of the cardiovascular system, where k = 1; 2; 3; ... j, the generated images are visualized on the screen of the multicolor video monitor $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

, and $${\mathrm{at}}_{2i}^k$$

stop the formation procedure $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

and $${\mathrm{at}}_{2i}^k$$

upon reaching the condition when $$A_2^k\left(t\right)$$

will only belong to one $${\mathrm{at}}_{2i}^k$$

make a decision on the absence of disease, when condition A ₂ (t) ⊄ B _2i is fulfilled, assess the dynamics of the state of the cardiovascular system according to the results of analysis of predefined values of Δ _τ = A ₂ (t ₁ ) -A ₂ (t ₂ ) and $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

for a given time interval, where t ₁ ; t ₂ - time points of the beginning and end of a given time interval, respectively; $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d{\Delta }_{\tau }$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$d\tau $}\right.$$

is the partial time derivative of Δ _τ .

Images