RU2474942C2 - Method to diagnose condition of energy elements, monitoring and control of energy efficiency of consumer energy systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: specific energy consumption per unit of produced goods is determined, produced values are compared with archived data, based on comparison results an energy technological process is selected with maximum difference of specific energy consumption, and on its line values of consumed energy are registered at the inlet and the outlet of the elements, as well as produced goods or produced result within a representative interval of time, produced values are compared with archived data, based on comparison results they select an element with a maximum difference of specific consumption of energy, the value of energy is registered at its inlet and outlet, measurement time is broken into N intervals, in each interval they determine values of energy increments at the inlet, outlet of the element, average capacities: P_H - at the inlet, P_k - at its outlet, and capacity losses ΔP, and they are compared with archived data, based on the produced difference they decide on increase of actual losses on the element, a load is determined, as well as time of its action, developing maximum losses of energy on the element, and minimise them as a result of variation and/or limitation of element operation modes and/or element condition recovery modes.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of diagnostics and control.

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Description

The invention relates to the electric power industry and can be used for automatic control and management of energy efficiency of consumer energy systems.

A known method of automatically controlling the parameters of the power system (AS 1467664, H02J 3/06), the implementation of which additionally measure the unregulated parameters of the power system, set for adjustable and unregulated parameters of the power system settings of the choice of composition, detuned from the control settings of the adjustable parameters and maximum permissible values of unregulated parameters by a multiple of the amplitude of irregular oscillations characteristic of each parameter, determine the presence of deviations of each of the parameters for these settings, for each regulatory power plant, determine the required direction of change in its power to suppress each of the deviations, zeroing the deviations of those parameters, influence coefficients, power changes of this regulatory power station which are less than the specified minimum value, when the controlled parameters go beyond the control settings, they form the increments of control actions only those regulatory power plants, each of which, in order to suppress all the deviations considered as a regulatory of both uncontrollable parameters for the settings for the choice of composition, it is necessary to change its power in the same direction, determine the time spent by the regulated parameters for the control settings and, if any of the adjustable parameters is longer than the control time, reset the unregulated deviations parameters for the settings for the choice of composition and form increments of control actions by those regulatory power plants, each of which requires a change in its power in one and the same e direction to suppress deviations considered only adjustable parameters for adjusting the setpoint.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of a parameter characterizing the efficiency of energy use, for example, energy consumption per unit of output.

A known method of automatic energy management of an enterprise, implemented in the ECOM system (Rasputin A., Fedorov I. ECOM software and hardware complex: metering and energy management. CTA (modern automation technologies) 3, 2000, p. 38-41. (Www. cta.ru), which can simultaneously measure, for example, electricity consumption using meters with a telemetric output, water flow rate using diaphragms and steam flow rate using volumetric or mass flowmeters. Besides the actual measurement, ECOM-3000 leads It archives in non-volatile memory and transfers to the upper level current, integral (amount of electric energy, amount of thermal energy and energy carrier) and medium (energy temperature and pressure in the pipeline, gas calorific value, frequency, voltage of the electric network, etc.) for intervals archiving parameters, shows the current and retrospective (on / off) status of discrete channels.In addition, ECOM-3000 provides discrete signals to control actuators as if instructed operator, and according to the built-in laws of regulation introduced during configuration.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of control of losses in the energy networks of the enterprise, their distribution by units of equipment, control over products received due to energy and their specific energy intensity.

The closest analogue to the claimed method is a method of monitoring and controlling energy consumption (RF Patent No. 2212746, H02J 3/06), which consists in measuring the energy at the input to the consumer, monitoring the operating mode of the energy equipment and archiving their parameters, while breaking up the entire consumer energy system by types of energy from the input counter to elements with a specific functional purpose, including energy-technological processes for obtaining a product, energy lines formed in series connected elements, nodes, from which two or more elements depart, which together form an energy network, install energy meters in front of each element or in front of a part of the line of the same type of elements, measure the energy on the elements, the energy and the resulting product in energy technological processes, determine the relative energy intensity of electrotechnological processes as elements of the line Q _ej according to the formula

where Q _pi is the indication of the latter in the line of the energy meter preceding the energy technological process;

- минимальная удельная энергоемкость получаемого в энерготехнологическом процессе продукта;

- the minimum specific energy consumption of the product obtained in the energy technological process;

P _j - the value obtained during the measurement of the product,

then determine the energy intensity of the processes in each of all controlled elements according to the formula

,

,

where Q _нi - readings of the energy meter at the beginning of the i-th element;

Q _ki - meter readings at the end of the i-th element, which is the initial for the (i + 1) element, or the sum of the readings of the initial measurements in the elements extending from the node completing the i-th element, then determine the specific energy consumption of each product according to the consumed its energy production by the formula:

where i, j are the numbers of the elements that form the energy line from the counter at the input to the consumer to the energy technological process of obtaining the jth product included in the line as element j and minimize it by adjusting parameters, changing modes, or replacing elements and energy technological processes of obtaining product constituting the energy system of the consumer.

The disadvantage of this method is that energy losses are not determined in the entire measurement range, operating modes with the maximum share of energy losses at various loads are not determined, losses are not diagnosed depending on the load, which changes in time for an element whose state changes during operation , the mode of operation of the element with the load is not determined, at which maximum losses occur, the modes (power and time) were not monitored at maximum load, the contribution to zhdogo power element in the energy intensity of production and to evaluate changes in this contribution to the production process.

The objective of the invention is the determination of energy loss depending on the load, which varies in time for an element whose state changes during operation.

The problem is solved due to the fact that they measure the energy at the entrance to the consumer, control the operating mode of energy equipment and archive their parameters, break down the entire consumer energy system by type of energy from the input meter into elements with a specific functional purpose, including energy-technological processes for obtaining the product, energy lines formed by series-connected elements, nodes from which two or more elements depart, forming together network, install energy meters in front of each element or in front of a part of the line of the same elements, measure the energy on the elements, the energy and the resulting product in energy-technological processes and minimize energy by adjusting parameters, changing modes or replacing elements and energy-technological processes of obtaining a product that make up the energy consumer system, while determining the specific energy consumption per unit of output, comparing the obtained values with archived yes According to the results of the comparison, the energy technological process with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output is selected and the values of the energy consumed at the input and output of the elements and the output or the obtained result in the energy technology process for a representative time interval are recorded on the line of the energy technological process with a maximum difference, compare the obtained values with the archived data, according to the results of the comparison, select the element with the maximum the difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output, set the time for recording the entire actual load range for the element, measure the element, simultaneously register the energy value at its input and output, divide the measurement time into N intervals, determine in each interval the magnitude of the energy increments inlet, outlet element measured average power element P _n - at the entrance, _{to the} P - at its output and the power loss? P and compared with the data previously archived at the same LOAD However, the difference obtained is used to judge the increase in the actual losses on the element, after which the load and its duration, which create the maximum energy loss on the element, are determined and minimized by changing and / or limiting the operating modes of the element with maximum losses and / or restoration of state item.

New significant features

1. Determine the specific energy consumption per unit of output, compare the obtained values with archived data, and select the energy-technology process with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output.

2. On the line of the energy technological process with the maximum difference, the values of the energy consumed at the input and output of the elements and the output are recorded, or the result obtained in the energy technology process for a representative time interval, the obtained values are compared with the archived data.

3. Based on the results of the comparison, an element is selected with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output.

4. Set the recording time of the entire actual load range for the element.

5. Measure on the element, simultaneously registering the energy value at its input and output.

6. Break the measurement time into N intervals, determine in each interval the magnitude of the energy increments at the input and output of the element, the average power of the measured element P _n at the input, P _k at its output and power loss ΔP and compare them with previously archived data at this same load.

7. The difference is judged on the increase in actual losses on the element.

8. Determine the load and its duration, creating maximum energy loss on the element and minimize them by changing and / or limiting the operating modes of the element with maximum losses and / or restoration of the state of the element.

The listed new essential features in conjunction with the known ones allow to obtain a technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

The technical result is that

- determine the specific energy consumption per unit of output, compare the obtained values with the archived data, select the energy-technology process with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output;

- on the line of the energy technological process with the maximum difference, the values of energy consumed at the input and output of the elements and the released products or the result obtained in the energy technology process are recorded for a representative time interval, the obtained values are compared with archived data;

- according to the results of the comparison, an element is selected with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output;

- set the recording time of the entire actual load range for the element;

- carry out the measurement on the element, while simultaneously recording the energy value at its input and output;

- divide the measurement time into N intervals, determine in each interval the magnitude of the energy increments at the input and output of the element, the average power of the measured element P _n at the input, P _to at its output and power loss ΔP and compare them with previously archived data at the same load — they are used to diagnose the state of the element at differentiated load, which allows one to identify the loads at which there is an increase in power losses, according to which the increase in energy losses is judged taking into account the time at which the sweat was measured and power to the element;

- determine the load and the time of its operation, and creating the maximum energy loss on the element allows you to move from power loss to increase energy loss and assess the impact of this increase on the final parameter - the energy intensity of the product and determine the increase in the contribution of each operating mode of this element to increase the energy intensity of the product;

- when comparing the data obtained with previously archived, they judge the change in the state of the element, which caused an increase in energy losses and minimization of these losses both by controlling the modes and by replacing or restoring the state of the element.

Figure 1 shows graphs of the dependences of the energy at the input of the element Q _n = f (t), at the output of the element Q _k = f (t) and losses on the element ΔQ = f (t) versus time t (for example, t = 5 s) .

Figure 2 shows the graphs of the dependences of the average power at the input of the element P _n = f (t), at the output of the element P _to = f (t) and the average losses at the element ΔP = f (t) for all intervals i.

Figure 1 and figure 2 also shows fragments of determining the energy increments at the input of the element ΔQ _n , at the output of the element ΔQ _k and losses at the element ΔΔQ and determining the average power at the input of the element P _n , at the output of the element P _k and ΔP _i losses at element in the time interval Δt (for example, the fifth interval, i = 5).

Figure 3 shows graphs of the dependences of the average power at the input from the average power at its output P _n = f (P _to ):

1 - when there is no loss on the element (line 1 for comparing real and ideal modes);

2 - built on archived (passport) data;

3 - according to the results of measurements during energy audit.

The work of the method for diagnosing the state of energy elements, control and management of energy efficiency of consumer energy systems

The entire production process is divided into energy-technological processes containing the main energy-technological processes for producing products (ETP1), auxiliary energy-technological processes (ETP2) and energy-technological processes that ensure living conditions (ETP3). Based on the results of registration, the specific energy consumption per unit of manufactured products P for each energy-technological process is determined by diagnosis.

To do this, determine the value of the consumed energy at the beginning of each line containing the ETP:

energy Q _pr spent on output P in the line containing ETP1

- удельная энергоемкость выпускаемого продукта П;where Q _el1 is the energy intensity of the line supplying ETP1;

- specific energy consumption of the manufactured product P;

energy Q _R2 spent on obtaining the result of R2 in the line containing ETP2

- удельная энергоемкость получения продукта R2;where Q _el2 is the energy intensity of the line supplying ETP2;

- specific energy consumption of the product R2;

energy Q _R3 spent on obtaining the result of R3 in the line containing ETP3

- удельная энергоемкость получения продукта R3;where Q _el3 is the energy intensity of the line supplying ETP3;

- specific energy consumption of the product R3;

Determine the specific actual energy consumption in the ETP1 line per unit of output P

Determine the specific actual energy consumption in the ETP2 line per unit of output P

Determine the specific actual energy consumption in the ETPZ line per unit of output P

Compare the obtained values of the actual specific energy consumption per unit of output with passport and / or archived data (taking into account regulatory data, requirements of SNiP, GOST, etc.) and, based on the results of the comparison, select the energy technological process with the maximum difference in specific energy consumption per unit of output.

An energy audit is carried out at an energy technology process with a maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output, in which the values of energy consumed at the input and output of the elements and the released products or the resulting product in the energy technology process are recorded for a representative time interval t (for example, shift, day, a week).

Compare the obtained data during measurements with passport and / or archived data, and according to the results of the comparison, choose the element with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output. Set the time for recording the entire actual load range for an element of the energy line, take measurements on the element, simultaneously (synchronously) registering the energy value at its input Q _n = f (t) and output Q _k = f (t). According to the measurement results are built according to Q _n = f (t) and Q _to = f (t) (Figure 1).

The energy loss ΔQ = f (t) on the element is determined by the formula

ΔQ (t) = Q _n (t) -Q _to (t).

The representative operating time t of the element is divided into N intervals with a step Δt. The number of intervals N is determined by the formula

N = i / Δt,

where Δt is the differentiation step, which depends on the shape of the curves Q _n = f (t) and Q _к = f (t) (for example, Δt = 1 ... 100 s).

The increment values for the dependences Q _n = f (t), Q _k = f (t) and ΔQ = f (t) in each of the N intervals are determined:

ΔQ _ni = Q _ni -Q _ni-1 , Q _n0 = 0; i = 1 ... N.

ΔQ _ki = Q _ki -Q _ki-1 , Q _k0 = 0; i = 1 ... N.

ΔΔQ _i = ΔQ _i -ΔQ _i-1 , ΔQ ₀ = 0; i = 1 ... N.

Determine the average power at the input, output and losses on the element in N intervals (Figure 2) according to the formula

P _нi = ΔQ _нi / Δt is the average power at the input of an element in the i-th interval.

P _ki = ΔQ _ki / Δt is the average power at the output of the element in the i-th interval.

ΔP _i = P _ni -P _ki or ΔP _i = ΔΔQ _i / Δt is the average power loss in the element in the i-th interval.

Table 1 shows the results of measurements and calculations of energy and power on the element.

Table 1 Title Designation and one, meas. Options Interval Number i one 2 3 four 5 Input meter reading Q _n , kJ 2.5 5 9 11.5 13.5 Meter reading output Q _k , kJ 2 four 7 9 10 Element loss ΔQ, kJ 0.5 one 2 2.5 3.5 Input energy increment ΔQ _n , kJ 2.5 2.5 four 2.5 2 Output energy increment ΔQ _k , kJ 2 2 3 2 one Energy loss increment on an element ΔΔQ, kJ 0.5 0.5 one 0.5 one Average input power R _n kW 2.5 2.5 four 2.5 2 Average power output R _to , kW 2 2 3 2 one Average power loss per element ΔР, kW 0.5 0.5 one 0.5 one Differentiation step Δt, s one one one one one Current time t, c one 2 3 four 5

The number of intervals with the same (or close) values of the average power at the output of the element P _{k is} determined.

For the given example, the number of intervals with the same (or close) values of the average power at the output of the element P _{to the} following (see table 1):

P _to = 1 kW; ----- 1 interval; n _{j = 1} = 1;

P _to = 2 kW; ----- 3 intervals; n _{j = 2} = 3;

P _to = 3 kW; ----- 1 interval; n _{j = 3} = 1,

where n _j is the number of intervals of the element with the same average power

The fraction of the element operating time under load with the same (or close) average power values (as the ratio of the number of intervals with the same average power to the number of intervals N) is determined.

The fraction of the operating time of an element with average power values

when R _to = 1 kW: t _{d (1 kW)} = n _{j = 1} / N = 1/5 = 0.2;

when R _to = 2 kW: t _{d (} 2 kW ₎ = n _{j = 2} / N = _3/5 = 0.6;

at P _to = 3 kW: t _{d (} 3 kW ₎ = n _{j = 3} / N = 1/5 = 0.2.

Determine the increase in energy loss in the intervals with the same (or close) values of the average power at the output of the element P _to (Figure 3).

Table 2 shows the archived data of average powers and the results of measurements of average powers at the input, output and losses at the element and calculations.

table 2 R _n kW R _to , kW ΔР, kW Δ _p , kW n _j The proportion of time, t _d ΔQ, kJ Archived data (passport data) 1.75 one 0.75 2.5 2 0.5 3.75 3 0.75 Measurement and calculation results 2 one one 0.25 one 0.2 0.25 2.5 2 0.5 0 3 0.6 0 four 3 one 0.25 one 0.2 0.25

For the given example, the increase in energy losses in the intervals with the same average power at the output of the element P _to have the following values (see table 2).

When R _to = 1 kW, the fraction of the time the element is t _{d (1 kW)} = 0.2. Increased power losses Δ _p is defined as the difference of power loss values _measured with energy audit? P and power loss? P archived data _file, which is? P = Δ _{p is measured} -ΔR _file = 1-0.75 = 0.25 kW. Thus, the actual value of the average loss power is 0.25 kW more than the archived (passport) data. The value of the increase in energy loss Δ _{Q is} determined by the formula

Δ _Q = Δ _p · Δt · n _{j = 1} = 0.25 · 1 · 1 = 0.25 kJ

When R _to = 2 kW, the fraction of the element's operating time is t _{d (} 2 kW ₎ = 0.6. Thus, the actual value of the average power loss and the average power loss according to the archived (passport) data on the element are equal to each other. An increase in energy loss Δ _Q at such a load will be absent.

When P _to = 3 kW, the fraction of the operating time of the element is t _{d (} 3 kW ₎ = 0.2. Increased power losses Δ _p is defined as the difference in power loss values _measured with energy audit ΔP and power loss? P archived data _file, which is? P = Δ _{p is measured} -ΔR _file = 1-0.75 = 0.25 kW. Thus, the actual value of the average loss power is 0.25 kW more than the archived (passport) data. The value of the increase in energy loss Δ _{Q is} determined by the formula

Δ _Q = Δ _p · Δt · n _{j = 3} = 0.25 · 1 · 1 = 0.25 kJ

According to the results of energy audit on the element, it was found that at loads P _k = 1 kW with a fraction of the operating time t _{d (1 kW)} = 0.2 and P _k = 3 kW with a fraction of the operating time t _{d (} 3 kW ₎ = 0.2, an increase energy loss by Δ _Q = 0.25 kJ.

Thus, the losses on the element are compared depending on the load that changes over time, and the increase in the energy loss on the element and the fraction of the operating time at the same loads are determined, after which the load that creates the maximum energy loss is determined, which is the most energy-intensive mode in which the deterioration element affects losses to the greatest extent in this energy process.

Minimize losses due to changes and / or restrictions on the operating modes of the element and / or restoration of the state of the elements.

Claims (1)

A method for diagnosing the state of energy elements, monitoring and managing the energy efficiency of consumer energy systems, which consists in measuring the energy at the input to the consumer, monitoring the operating mode of the energy equipment and archiving their parameters, break down the entire consumer energy system by type of energy from the input counter into elements with a certain functional purpose, including energy-technological processes for obtaining the product, energy lines formed by the last by interconnected elements, nodes from which two or more elements depart, which together form an energy network, install energy meters in front of each element or in front of a part of a line of the same elements, measure the energy on the elements, the energy and the resulting product in energy-technological processes and minimize energy for by regulating parameters, changing modes or replacing elements and energy-technological processes of obtaining a product that make up the consumer’s energy system, I distinguish This means that they determine the specific energy consumption per unit of output, compare the obtained values with archived data, select the energy-technological process with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output, and record the energy consumption at the input with the maximum difference and the output of elements and manufactured products or the result obtained in the energy technological process during a representative about the time interval, compare the obtained values with the archived data, select the element with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output, set the time for recording the entire actual load range for the element, measure the element, simultaneously register the energy value at its input and at the output, the measurement time is divided into N intervals, the values of the increments of energy at the input, at the output of the element, the average power from eryaemogo element P _n - at the entrance, P _k - at its output and the power loss? P and compared with archived earlier data at the same load of the resulting difference is judged to increase the actual losses on the element, after which the load and the time of its action creating maximum energy losses on the element, and minimize them by changing and / or limiting the operating modes of the element with maximum losses, and / or restore the state of the element.

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