RU2458451C1 - Method of electromechanical conversion of power - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: energy of an electric field is converted, which operates between a fixed charged body and two similarly charged movable bodies mechanically connected to each other, into mechanical energy of reciprocal movement of movable bodies. For this purpose movable charged bodies are alternately screened from the fixed body by electrostatic screens connected with it, providing for the possibility of linear reciprocal travel of screened bodies inside electrostatic screens, which, when screened, are moved across the direction of electric field acting between the fixed and screened movable body.

EFFECT: increased efficiency ratio.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to methods and devices for electromechanical conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy, and can be widely used in industry, transport, household appliances and other areas of human activity instead of existing uneconomical internal combustion engines (ICE) and electric machines of electromagnetic induction.

The most widely used as means of producing mechanical energy in modern technology are ICEs using the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and induction machines, i.e. machines in which the electromotive force arises as a result of the process of electromagnetic induction, which have taken an almost monopoly position in electrical engineering (see Landsberg G.S. (ed.). Elementary textbook of physics. T2. 13th ed. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2008 . P. 361, 410).

The main disadvantages of internal combustion engines are low efficiency, less than 60% of the best samples, and environmental pollution during fuel combustion. The disadvantages of induction machines (method and devices) are the technological complexity of the method, the significant material consumption and the high cost of devices for its implementation, the limitations of the permissible operating voltage (not higher than 6 kV) under the condition of electrical breakdown of the insulation of the windings of the machines, the criticality of the magnetic properties of materials to temperature and vibration . In addition, the induction electromagnetic method is energy-consuming, since significant currents are passed through the windings of inductive electric machines and converters to create electromagnetic fields. Due to the high ohmic energy losses in the inductive windings of such machines, as well as due to the loss of electric energy to create an electromagnetic field and their consumption of significant reactive power (up to 20-30% of the total machine power), the efficiency of electromechanical energy conversion in inductive electric machines is not high enough. So, for the most common inductive electric machines of average power, the efficiency does not exceed 70-75%.

Therefore, it remains relevant to search for environmentally friendly ways to build engines with higher efficiency.

There is a method of reversible electromechanical conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy, based on the phenomena of electrostatic induction, and capacitive generators and electrical machines based on them (see Tenescu F., Kramaryuk R. Electrostatics in technology. - M .: Energy, 1980. S. 174-184; Gubkin A.N. Electrets. - M .: Nauka, 1978. S.177-179).

The disadvantages of the method are the imperfection of the known devices and low output power, therefore, the method is mainly used as high voltage generators, for example, in copying technology.

Closest to the proposed method is a method of energy conversion, selected as a prototype, by moving the body, which is the source of the electric field, relative to the plates of the capacitor, in which the energy of the electric field of the body, which is the monoelectret, is converted, for which it is placed between the uncharged plates of the electric capacitor, then charge this capacitor and set the frequency of the body swing by changing the frequency of recharging the capacitor plates. The development of the method consists in the fact that the force of interaction of the charged plates of the capacitor with the moving body is regulated by changing the value of the charge of the plates (see "Electromechanical energy conversion method (options)", RF patent No. 2182398, IPC ⁷ H04N 1/10, 1998).

Due to the fact that in devices that implement the proposed method, there are practically no heat losses, and the specific force of interaction of electric charges is several orders of magnitude higher than the electromagnetic force used in inductive electric machines relative to the mass of the device, their efficiency is much higher.

The disadvantage of this method is the loss of energy for recharging the master capacitor and the organization of the corresponding switching operations. Therefore, the efficiency of this method is not high enough.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and simplify the process of converting the energy of an electric field into mechanical energy.

The problem is achieved by the fact that by placing in the electric field of a motionless (fixed on the device case) charge two mechanically interconnected charged bodies of the same name and alternately shielding them from the action of the field of a motionless charge, they transform the energy of the electric field of the charge system into mechanical energy of the reciprocating movement of moving bodies, which can be used to perform useful work. This provides the possibility of linear reciprocating shielded bodies inside electrostatic screens mechanically connected to a stationary body, which when shielded move across the direction of the electric field acting between the stationary and shielded moving body.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that two energy-known electrical effects (receptions) are used together to convert energy. The first is the phenomenon of electrostatic (Coulomb) interaction of electric charges and electrostatic induction. The second is a Faraday screen (cell, cylinder), which allows creating (screening) a zone free of field action in the electric field stream (see GS Landsberg (eds.). Elementary physics textbook. T2. 13th ed. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2008. S.24-31, 40-41, 44-48, 71-74, 462; Tenescu F., Kramaryuk R. Electrostatics in technology. - M .: Energy, 1980. P.13- 15, Bessonov L.A. Theoretical Foundations of Electrical Engineering. - M.: Higher School, 1967. P.578.).

According to the effect of electrostatic induction, a charge placed inside a closed conductive shell causes the formation of induced charges of opposite sign on the inner and the same name on the outer surface of the shield shell. In this case, the external field does not penetrate into the screen body and therefore interacts not with the charge placed inside the screen space, and not with the charge induced on the inner surface, but with the surface charge located on the outside of the screen shell.

We also note that the movement of the screen perpendicular to the lines of force of the electrostatic field does not in any way affect the magnitude of the charge forming this field and does not require work (see Landsberg G.S. (ed.). Elementary textbook of physics. T2. 13 -th ed. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2008. P.48-58).

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed method for producing mechanical energy has a different, simpler and more economical technology for converting electric field energy into mechanical energy, carried out by periodically screening the source elements of the electric field of the engine, without a more complicated and costly operation of recharging the capacitor and using appropriate switching equipment.

Thus, the present invention meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The figure shows an example of the operation of the device that implements the proposed method of energy conversion, which is as follows.

An electric field whose energy is converted into mechanical energy acts between a stationary charged body 1 and two mechanically connected like-charged mobile bodies 2. Mobile charged bodies 2 are alternately shielded from the stationary body by electrostatic screens 3, while the linear reciprocating motion of the shielded bodies inside is provided screens 3, which when shielded move along fixed guides 4 across the direction of the current between the stationary body 1 and the screen emym movable body 2 of the electric field.

In the above embodiment, the movable charged bodies 2 are rigidly connected by a rod 5 moving in the stationary guides 6, which are also limiters of the working stroke connected by a rod 5 of the movable charged bodies 2.

Screens 3, which are a conducting surface, sufficient for almost complete screening of each of the moving charged bodies 2 from the field created by the stationary charged body 1, are moved perpendicular to the field lines of force, then completely opening the moving bodies 2 for field lines of force, then completely screening their action. The screen 3 has a corresponding cutout 7, which is minimally sufficient for free (without friction) linear reciprocating movement of the rod 5 and the moving charged body 2 in it.

In the position of a fully open moving charged body, the Coulomb force of attraction (repulsion, with opposite charges) acts between it and a stationary charged body, under the action of which the moving charged body moves from a distant position to a near one (or vice versa), while attracting another moving charged body moving opposite inside your screen. In this case, the field of a stationary charged body does not penetrate into the screen and interacts only with induced charges located on the outer conducting surface of the screen, and the force of this interaction is applied on one side of the screen body and the corresponding stationary guides, on the other hand, to the support of a stationary charged body and It is parried by the device case. The working stroke of mobile charged bodies is limited by fixed guides in which the traction of the coupled mobile charged bodies moves.

In the next cycle, a closed and open, open, charged charged body with a mirror repetition of the opposite direction process opens.

The necessary interaction force of charged bodies is regulated by changing the magnitude of their charge by any known method, for example, from a regulated high voltage source (not shown in the figure). Moreover, all or some charged bodies can be made from monoelectrets.

All charged bodies are isolated from each other and other elements of the device. To increase the interaction force of these bodies by increasing their charge, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of breakdown in the space between them, for example, removing air from it (evacuating) or filling it with another gaseous or liquid dielectric medium with high dielectric strength.

Consider a numerical example of the operation of the device. Let the charged bodies be flat round electrodes with a diameter of 1 m and have a working stroke of significantly shorter length. In this case, when evaluating the acting forces, one can use the relations for a flat capacitor (see Landsberg G.S. (ed.). Elementary textbook of physics. T2. 13th ed. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2008. P.91-92 ):

Where:

F is the force acting between the electrodes,

q is the charge of each electrode,

σ is the surface charge density of the electrode,

ε _o is the electric constant,

E is the field strength between the electrodes, E = σ / ε _o ,

S is the area of each electrode.

Substituting the specified values, taking E = 30 kV / cm (breakdown voltage of air 33 kV / cm - see Gubkin AN Electrets. - M .: Nauka, 1978. P.79), we obtain F = 3.2 kG.

By evacuating the device, we get the opportunity to significantly increase the field strength by about 100 times, and, accordingly, the working force to a value of about 32 T.

Using the proposed method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy gives the following technical result in comparison with existing methods:

allows to simplify the design of electric motors;

more economical in comparison with existing methods, has a higher efficiency;

is an environmentally friendly way to produce mechanical energy.

The prospects for the industrial application of the invention do not cause difficulties, since the proposed method consists of the combined action of the long-known and widely used in electrical and radio electronics methods of Coulomb interaction of charges, electrostatic induction and screening of the conductor from the action of an external field, and also does not require the use of any unknowns in modern industry means, materials or elements. Including the mentioned electrets have been industrially produced for more than 50 years (see Gubkin A.N. Electrets. - M .: Nauka, 1978. - 192 p.).

Claims (4)

1. The method of electromechanical energy conversion by mutual movement of bodies that are a source of an electric field, characterized in that they convert the energy of an electric field between a stationary charged body and two mechanically connected like-charged moving bodies into mechanical energy of the reciprocating motion of these moving bodies, for which they are alternately shielded from a motionless charged body by electrostatic screens mechanically connected to it while providing the possibility of linear reciprocating shielded bodies inside electrostatic screens, which when shielded move across the direction of the electric field between the stationary and shielded moving charged bodies. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the interaction force of charged bodies is regulated by changing the magnitude of their charge. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that all or some of the charged bodies are monoelectrets. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the space between the charged bodies is evacuated or filled with another gaseous or liquid dielectric medium with high dielectric strength.