RU2454628C1 - Device for recording particles of space garbage and micrometeoroids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrument making.

SUBSTANCE: device for recording particles of space garbage and micrometeoroids consists of two or three video cameras equally located in the space through the base length. Video cameras are mounted along one line and blocks with solar batteries, objective lenses with charge-coupled device matrixes and blends. Blocks are connected to each other by means of a moving telescopic rod about which a cylinder in the form of metal-dielectric-metal film structure is located. In one of the optic blocks there installed is bottle with chemical hardener; each of optic blocks is equipped with magnetic control system in the form of one magnetometer and three electromagnets, as well as solar sensor, GPS-receiver, photodiodes located on side surfaces and onboard computer.

EFFECT: device allows solving various tasks relating to investigation of particles of space garbage and micrometeoroids, and has large functional capabilities.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of space instrumentation and can be used to collect data on the motion parameters of space objects - particles of space debris and micrometeoroids. A device is known that contains two or more telescopes located in different regions of the Earth, with the help of which the registration of motion parameters of space bodies is carried out:

1. Collision in near-Earth space (space debris). Sat scientific works / Ed. A.G. Masevich: Cosmoinform, 1995, 211 pp.);

2. Vasilenko G.I. Holographic pattern recognition. M .: Soviet Radio, 1977, p. 282-283.

These devices are used in terrestrial conditions. The closest solution is the detector (patent for utility model No. 568695. November 27, 2006, Bull. No. 33, IPC G01C 3/00).

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to register single objects at large distances from the spacecraft.

As a prototype, a device was selected for recording the parameters of micrometeoroids and charged particles of the ionosphere, containing a hemispherical target, an ion receiver, amplifiers, a measurement unit, solar panels, metal-dielectric-metal film structures, electromagnetic coils, information processing unit (patent No. 58696 dated July 3, 2008 , published on December 10, 2008, Bull No. 34, IPC G01T 304). In the prototype, the registration of micrometeoroids and particles of space debris is carried out over a large area and using a solar battery as a sensitive surface.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to collect data on the parameters of the motion of space objects in different flight orbits.

The basis of the invention is the task of collecting data on the parameters of motion of space bodies - particles of space debris and meteoroids, to increase functionality.

This object is achieved in that the device consists of two video cameras (optical units) spaced in space on the base length mounted along one line according to the invention, consisting of two optical units containing lenses with CCD arrays and lens hoods interconnected by a telescopic rod around which there is a cylinder in the form of a metal-dielectric-metal film structure, in one of the optical units there is a cylinder with a chemical hardener connected to a piezoelectric with a leaky leakage, each of the optical units is equipped with a magnetic control system in the form of a magnetometer and three electromagnets located relative to each other mutually perpendicular, as well as a solar sensor, a GPS receiver, photodiodes located on the side surfaces, and an on-board computer, each of the optical blocks connected to two solar panels. The telescopic rod is mechanically connected to two optical blocks by dielectric spacers, and it is at a negative potential, a positive potential is applied to the inner lining of the metal-dielectric-metal film structure with respect to its external grounded lining, the upper lining of the metal-dielectric-metal structure has a longitudinal gap along its entire length, dividing the structure into two equal parts, both of its halves mechanically connected to the CCD matrices, and on the outer surfaces of the film x structures installed temperature sensors connected to the on-board computer, and the telescopic rod and film structures are connected to the voltage and charge amplifier. The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a device in working condition, Fig. 2 shows a device in an unopened state (before undocking from a spacecraft or launch vehicle).

Figure 1 shows a device containing two optical units 1 and 2, two lenses with CCD arrays (λ = 0.3-0.6 μm) and blends 3 and 4, electromagnets 5 of the magnetic control system, solar panels 6, cylinder in the form of a metal-dielectric-metal film structure 7, telescopic telescopic rod 8, chemical hardener bottle 9, photodiodes 10, solar sensor 11, GPS receiver 12, transmitter 13, transmitter antenna 14, on-board computer 15, temperature sensors 16, source power supply 17, CCDs 18 and 19, voltage and charge amplifiers 20, 21 and 22, magnetic sensors and 23.

The device in the initial undisclosed state, shown in FIG. 2, contains a signal converter 24, an electronics unit of the magnetic control system 25, a signal converter from photodiodes 26, from photodiodes 10, an on-board computer 15, magnetic sensors 23, a solar battery when folded 6, a cylinder film structure of metal-dielectric-metal 7 when folded, telescopic telescopic rod 8, a cylinder with a chemical hardener and an electromagnetic valve 9, a solar sensor 11, a GPS receiver 12.

A device for detecting particles of space debris and micrometeoroids works as follows.

After the device is launched into outer space using a telescopic rod, blocks 1 and 2 are extended to a distance equal to the base L (~ 5 m). Next, the optical systems with the hoods 3 and 4 are extended. The magnetic control system is turned on, containing the electromagnets of the magnetic system 5 as actuators, and then the solar panels 6 are opened. When the blocks 1 and 2 are installed at a distance L from each other, a film inflatable cylinder unfolds 7, made of a Mylar film (metal-dielectric-metal) with a thickness of 30-40 microns. This occurs in conjunction with the extension of the telescopic rod 8. The film inflatable cylinder 7 is mechanically connected to the cylinder 9 containing a chemical hardener. When the piezoelectric leakage is activated, which is part of the balloon 9, the hardener chemical is sprayed along the inner walls of the film inflatable cylinder 7, and when it hardens, the mechanical strength increases.

Photodiodes 10 are installed on the faces of space debris registration blocks 1 and 2, with the help of which the spatial position of the device is estimated together with the solar sensor 11, GPS receiver 12 and the executive bodies 5 of the magnetic orientation system. To process and transmit information, a transmitter 13, its antenna 14, on-board computer 15, temperature sensors 16 are introduced in the device. Thus, after the blocks 1 and 2 are opened, the solar panels 6 are opened, the device is ready for operation, that is, the device is initially oriented in the gravitational field Earth using specified service systems.

Based on the data of the GPS navigation receiver 12, the solar 11 and the magnetic sensors 13 (Figure 2), using the formation of the corresponding currents in the electromagnets 5 of the magnetic orientation system, a more accurate orientation is made along three spatial axes. The device is oriented in such a way that sunlight does not illuminate the cameras, but falls on solar panels to recharge power systems.

The recorder can be oriented with respect to the x and y axes, so cameras can scan in space.

Registration of particles of space debris (space objects) is as follows. Light (sunlight or from an additional source in the case of small low-speed particles in the vicinity of the device - a small spacecraft), reflected from the object, falls on the sensitive elements (CCDs - matrices 18 and 19) of video cameras, the video signal from which is processed in the on-board computer 4 (Fig. 2). The signal from the video cameras contains information about the size of the object (particle) in the form of the brightness of its image, as well as about its position in the image plane of this camera as the coordinates of the signal on the area sensitive element (the angular position of the particle relative to the video camera).

In the on-board computer 15, three-dimensional particle coordinates are restored based on images of two cameras (with a known distance between cameras L - stereo base). The base of the device is a telescopic rod 8 and a film inflatable cylinder. The greater the distance between blocks 1 and 2, the higher the range of the device. By shooting the research frames and processing them, a sequence of three-dimensional frames of particle motion is obtained. When using predictive algorithms, the number of processed frames is sharply reduced (by an order of magnitude or more), which allows us to reduce the device's demand for computing power and increases performance.

To orient the device along the Earth’s magnetic field vector, signals from magnetic sensors 23 (FIG. 2) enter the electronics unit. To determine the angular position of the device relative to the Sun, signals from the solar sensor 11 through the signal converter 24 (Figure 2) are sent to the electronics unit 25 of the magnetic control system and its outputs to the on-board computer 15. The signals from the photodiodes 10 are fed to the signal converter 26 and further from its output to the on-board computer 15. Processing of these signals allows to clarify the spatial position of the device.

Registration of micrometeoroid parameters is as follows. As a target when registering micrometeoroids in the device, a film inflatable cylinder 7 (Fig. 1) is used in the form of a metal-dielectric-metal structure, to which 0 + 50V is supplied from a constant voltage source (the outer lining of the structure is grounded), and to the telescopic rod 8 voltage -100V. Thus, when a particle breaks through the MDM structure 7, the ions formed as a result of the impact under the influence of an electric field in the gap 7-8 fall on the telescopic rod 8, which is the ion collector, and then the ion charge Q is amplified by the amplifier 20. In the case of shock compression of the film structure 7 (film capacitor), that is, when there is no through breakdown upon impact of a particle, its conductivity is measured using amplifiers 21 and 22. In order to determine the direction of the detected particle in the upper lining of the film structure 7 There is a longitudinal rupture, in connection with which amplifiers 21 and 22 are connected to two parts of the film capacitor.

The film structures 7 are mechanically connected to the cases of the CCD matrices in order to ensure their thermal regulation. Heat is discharged from the shaded side of the film structure. If it is necessary to heat electronic devices, heat can be taken from the other half of the film structure, which is heated by solar radiation. To control the temperature on the film structures, temperature sensors 16 are installed.

Thus, the proposed device has wide functionality.

Claims (2)

1. A device for detecting particles of space debris and micrometeoroids, consisting of two video cameras (optical units) spaced along the base length mounted along one line, characterized in that it consists of two optical units with solar panels containing lenses with CCD arrays and blends, interconnected by a moving telescopic rod, around which a cylinder is located in the form of a metal-dielectric-metal film structure, a chemical cylinder is installed in one of the optical units a hardener connected to a piezoelectric leakage, each of the optical units is equipped with a magnetic control system in the form of a magnetometer and three electromagnets located relative to each other mutually perpendicular, as well as a solar sensor, a GPS receiver, photodiodes located on the side surfaces, and an on-board computer, moreover, each of the optical units for power supply is connected to two solar panels. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the telescopic rod is mechanically connected to two optical blocks by dielectric spacers, and it is at a negative potential, a positive potential is applied to the inner lining of the metal-dielectric-metal film structure with respect to its external grounded lining , the upper lining of the metal-dielectric-metal structure has a longitudinal gap along its entire length, dividing the structure into two equal parts, both of which are mechanically connected to the CCD Tsami, and the outer surfaces of the film structures of temperature sensors are installed, connected with the onboard computer, the telescopic bar and film structures are connected to the voltage and charge amplifiers.

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