RU2443048C2 - Pulse motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: pulse motor in general (without frame) includes three discs on one rotation axis, with two outer discs (stator) are retractable and are placed on the guideways in extreme positions, and the middle disc is the rotating rotor. Identical halves of stator, moved on the axis relative to electric magnets of each other by 90° have different poles of working surfaces located on them on the ring of electric magnets and permanent magnets (left half of the stator - N pole, right half of the stator - S pole), retractable along the guideways, with third disc - rotor - rotating between them with one electric magnet and two permanent magnets placed on it with the shift of 120° with left plane of the working surfaces of all three magnets of the rotor having N pole and the right plane having S pole. Operating principle of pulse motor is based on repulsion of similar poles of the rotor from magnets of each of the halves of stator, with permanent magnet of the stator interacting with permanent magnets of rotor give additional acceleration to rotor rotation, with stator electric magnets are powered in pulse mode, and rotor electric magnet is powered in continuous mode.

EFFECT: increased operational economy of pulse motor giving the possibility to increase the operation time of feeding batteries to the next recharge and possibility of motor usage in both AC and DC circuits.

11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used not only as a direct current drive motor in the "Electric drives for transport" (for which the application for the invention is submitted), for which it was developed, but also in other industrial and household devices as quite powerful and economical component of these devices, especially if these devices operate on batteries, as the use of "Pulse motor" can significantly reduce the consumption of email. battery energy and, accordingly, increase the battery life before recharging.

The problem to which this invention was directed is to create an economical direct current drive motor for "Electric Drive for Transport", which will allow vehicles to be converted to electric traction without contact wires and without the use of natural energy carriers in their work, the number of which is rapidly decreasing in the world and which in the near foreseeable future cannot be replaced by Nature.

An opportunity to solve such a problem is to create a drive engine, in which along with el. stator-rotor magnets, additional acceleration of the rotor rotation is provided by permanent magnets of the same pole interacting with each other, and el. energy on email. Stator magnets are supplied by pulses only at the moment when they are close to each other.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the "Pulse motor" has a vertical arrangement of the "rotor-stator" with a stator divided into two identical but different polarity halves and consists of three disks, the extreme of which is a stator consisting of two halves, and the middle is the rotor. From the rotor shaft, the torque is transmitted to the consumer (load).

In addition, each of the halves of the stator (figure 1) is a disk on which two el. magnets and permanent magnets are arranged in the form of a ring, with two e-mails. the magnet is 180 ° apart, and the permanent magnets are designed as two blocks of 16 (sixteen) pieces in each and are installed between the electric. magnets.

In addition, the ratio of the area of the working surface of one email. magnet to the area of the working surface of one permanent magnet is such that on the working surface of el. A magnet would fit 8 (eight) working surfaces of permanent magnets, which are the same among themselves.

In addition, the working surfaces of el. magnets, when applying pulses to them. energy, and also the working surfaces of all permanent magnets at the left half of the stator (left disk) has a pole N, and at the right half of the stator (right disk) has a pole S.

In addition, permanent magnets are made of neodymium (samarium - cobalt) with a coercive force exceeding 15 kersted, which are rarely subject to the repulsive force so as to lose their magnetization. With this in mind, permanent magnets are formed in the form of blocks, because block design provides the ability to quickly replace and eliminate the possibility of making polarity errors during assembly.

In addition, relative to the inner (working) plane of the half of the stator, the permanent magnets are rotated in the direction of rotation of the rotor by 55 °.

In addition, the air gap between the rotor and el. stator magnet, as well as at the beginning of the working surface of the first from el. the magnet of the permanent magnet (in the direction of rotation of the rotor) is 0.1 mm, and at the end of the 16th permanent magnet (in the direction of rotation of the rotor) is 1.7 mm, i.e. air gap between the plane of rotation of the rotor and the permanent magnets of the stator, with distance from el. stator magnet, constantly increasing from 0.1 mm to 1.7 mm. The working surfaces of the stator permanent magnets are not parallel to the plane of rotation of the rotor and, if deployed, would be a straight line located at an angle to the plane of rotation of the rotor.

In addition, the right and left halves of the stator are shifted along the axis of rotation of the rotor relative to each other by 90 °, i.e. all in all, there are four electric motors on the “Impulse Engine” stator magnet shifted relative to each other by 90 °, and between them with the overlap of el. magnets mounted blocks of permanent magnets, which, when the rotor rotates, give it an additional, permanent acceleration.

In addition, as the rotor rotates, pulses el. energies are supplied to email. the magnets of each of the two halves of the stator in series (for example, for one revolution of the rotor: e. magnet of the left half - through 90 ° e. magnet of the right half - through 90 ° e. magnet of the left half - through 90 ° e. magnet of the right half).

In addition, email. the magnets of the left half of the stator are powered by one battery, and e. the magnets of the right half of the stator feed the second battery.

In addition, the rotor of the "Pulse motor" is a disk with a diameter equal to the diameters of each of the halves of the stator, on which one el. a magnet and two permanent magnets, the working surfaces of which on both planes of the disk - rotor are the same and correspond to the area of the working surfaces of el. stator magnets. The length of all rotor magnets is the same and determines the thickness of the rotor disk and, to a certain extent, engine power. One of the ways to increase the power of the "Pulse motor" is to increase the number of magnets on the rotor, and constantly powered by e-mail. energy email. The rotor magnet can be replaced with a permanent magnet. In this case, the supply of pulses el. energy on email. the stator magnets will be determined by the angle of rotation of the rotor when a certain permanent magnet of the rotor is near el. stator magnet.

In addition, the material of the permanent magnets of the rotor is the same as the material of the permanent magnets of the stator.

In addition, email. The rotor magnet is constantly included in the power circuit.

In addition, in the assembled "Pulse motor" the rotor relative to the two halves of the stator in polarity is installed according to the scheme:

stator (left) N-N rotor S-S stator (right).

In addition, the pressure gradient on the rotor caused by the unipolar interaction of the rotor magnets and the left and right halves of the stator, as well as the changing gap between the rotor magnets and the permanent magnets of each of the halves of the stator, is a factor in the additional rotation acceleration of the rotor rotation and increase in shaft power.

In addition, the timeliness and duration of the supply of pulses el. energy on email. the stator magnets of the "Pulse motor" regulate electronic on-off relays for power circuits of windings el. magnets.

In addition, the rotor is balanced.

In addition, with de-energized email. magnet rotor and el. stator magnets, the “Pulse motor” rotor does not stop its rotation under the repulsive force of permanent single-pole magnets (rotor-stator) due to the changing air gaps between the rotor planes and the permanent magnet planes of both halves of the stator, as well as due to the fact that they are relatively internal ( working) planes of the halves of the stator, their permanent magnets are deployed in the direction of rotation of the rotor by 55 °. To reduce the speed of rotation of the rotor, the left and right halves of the stator can be made sliding (4, 6, 8 guides on the motor housing, depending on engine power) relative to the rotor by a distance providing a loss of rotor speed by 50- 70%, with rigid fixation in extreme positions.

The invention is generally illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 and Fig.2 shows the components (stator, rotor) of the "Pulse motor" without design features that are determined when designing the engine for specific calculation data, and Fig.3 is an option connecting the "Pulse motor".

"Pulse motor" consists of:

- a stator divided into two halves in the form of two disks (Fig. 1), identical in design (structurally), but different in polarity, in the circumference of each

of which are located, in the form of a ring, two email. magnet 1 (A, B) and two blocks of permanent magnets 2 of sixteen magnets each; the shaft of rotation of the rotor 4 (figure 2) rotates in bearings mounted in sockets 3;

- rotor 4 (figure 2), the circumference of which is located one el. magnet 5 (E) and two permanent magnets 6, 7; the rotor is fixed and rotates on the shaft 8.

DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF “PULSE MOTOR”,

FIG. 1, 2, 3.

1. Before turning on the "Pulse motor":

- switches 14, 15, 16 (figure 3) are in the "off" position;

- both halves of the stator are apart relative to the rotor 4 (figure 2);

- the rotor 4 (figure 2), under the action of the repulsive force of unipolar permanent magnets (rotor - stator), rotates at an insignificant speed.

2. The inclusion and principle of operation of the "Pulse motor":

- switches 14, 15, 16 on (figure 3) are translated into the "on" position;

- are shifted to a distance of 0.1 mm (to the rotor 4 of figure 2) both halves of the stator and are rigidly fixed;

- taking into account that the rotor 4 (FIG. 2) is constantly rotating, suppose that the constantly energized electromagnet E of the rotor 4 (FIG. 2) has approached and is located near electric. magnet 1A of the left half of the stator (figure 1). The electronic switching relay 9 (Fig. 3) is activated and the winding is electric. magnet 1A (figure 1) receives an electric pulse. current from the battery 11 (figure 3);

- the rotor 4 (figure 2) receives an e-mail. magnetic push, i.e. the acceleration of the torque, which is further increased by the repulsive force of the permanent unipolar magnets 2 (Fig. 1) of the stator and 6, 7 (Fig. 2) of the rotor. With the departure of email. magnet E of the rotor 4 (figure 2) from el. magnet 1A of the left half of the stator (Fig. 1), the electronic relay 9 is triggered (Fig. 3) and the electric power circuit is turned off. magnets 1 (A, B) of the left half of the stator;

- the rotor 4 (figure 2) is rapidly rotated 90 °. His email magnet E (figure 2) at the next time is near e. magnet With the right half of the stator, shifted along the rotation of the rotor 4 (figure 2) relative to el. magnet 1A (Fig. 1) of the left half of the stator by 90 °;

- the electronic on-off relay 10 is triggered (Fig. 3) and on the winding el. magnet From the right half of the stator receives an electric pulse. current from the battery 12 (figure 3);

- the rotor 4 (figure 2) receives an e-mail. magnetic push, i.e. acceleration of torque, which is further increased by the repulsive force of permanent single-pole magnets (rotor-stator);

- and so on;

- for one revolution of the rotor 4 (figure 2) he four times (every 90 °) receives the acceleration of the torque from the action of email. stator magnets (left-right-left-right) and additional constant acceleration from the interaction of permanent unipolar magnets (rotor-stator).

3. Turning off the "Pulse motor":

- switches 14, 15, 16 (figure 3) are transferred to the "off" position;

- both halves of the stator are moved apart relative to the rotor 4 (FIG. 2) and are rigidly fixed.

"Pulse motors" of this design can be used not only in combination with batteries or in e-mail. DC power circuits, they can be used in e-mail. AC power circuits provided that AC is rectified into direct current.

The presented scheme of the “Pulse Engine” in the basic version has a finished, working, industrially applicable, type corresponding to the level of novelty and inventive step.

Claims (11)

1. A pulsed motor, consisting of three disks on one shaft, of which the two extreme disks are a stator, divided into two (left and right) identical halves (90 ° axially displaced relative to each other's electromagnets), but with different working poles surfaces located on them along the ring of electromagnets and permanent magnets (the left half of the stator is the pole "N", the right half of the stator is the pole "S"), sliding along the guides, between which the third disk rotates with the rotor located on it along the ring at 120 ° with one electric with an magnet and two permanent magnets, and the left plane of the working surfaces of all three rotor magnets has a pole “N”, and the right plane has a pole “S”, that is, the principle of operation of a pulsed motor is based on the repulsion of the rotor poles of the same name from the magnets of each of the stator halves, and permanent stator magnets interacting with permanent rotor magnets give additional acceleration to the rotor rotation, moreover, the stator electromagnets are fed in a pulsed mode, and the rotor electromagnet - constantly. 2. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a vertical rotor-stator arrangement with a stator divided into two identical halves. 3. The pulsed motor according to claim 1, characterized in that on each half of the stator there are two electromagnets separated by 180 °, powered by pulsed electricity from external sources of electric energy, with permanent magnets installed between them (two blocks of 16 pieces per each), which are relative to the inner plane of each half of the stator rotated in the direction of rotation of the rotor by 55 °, are made of neodymium (samarium - cobalt) and are arranged in a ring opposite the ring of rotor magnets. 4. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that both the electromagnets and the permanent magnets on each half of the stator, which is a disk whose thickness is proportional to the motor power, are located on the stator disk in the form of a ring of alternating electromagnets and permanent magnets (an electromagnet is 16 permanent magnets - an electromagnet - 16 permanent magnets) along the edge of the disk with a ratio of the working surface area of one electromagnet to the working surface area of one permanent magnet as 1: 8. 5. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that on each half of the stator, as you move away from the electromagnet (in the direction of rotation of the rotor), each block of permanent magnets, consisting of 16 permanent magnets, has a varying air gap to the plane of the rotor - the electromagnet and at the beginning of the first permanent magnet from it, it is 0.1 mm, and at the end of the last (sixteenth) permanent magnet it is 1.7 mm, and the working surfaces of the permanent magnets are not parallel to the plane of the rotor, but are beveled and unfolded would be a straight line located at an angle to the plane of the rotor. 6. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that all the magnets of the left half of the stator (along the working surfaces) relative to the rotor have a working pole "N", and the right half of the stator has "S", and the left and right halves of the stator are shifted in axis relative to each other by 90 °. 7. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that both halves of the stator are movable (sliding along the rails) with rigid fixation in the extreme positions and in the working position, they are shifted to a gap of 0.1 mm between each half of the stator and the rotor. 8. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that its rotor is a disk, on the circumference of which (along the ring) with a shift of 120 ° there is one electromagnet and two permanent magnets of the same material as the permanent stator magnets, dimensions and the shape of which, in addition to the length determining the thickness of the disk-rotor, corresponds to the stator electromagnets and is located opposite them, and the rotor, taking into account the different material of the electromagnet and permanent magnets, is balanced. 9. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that on one side of the rotor all the magnets have a pole "N", and on the other - "S". 10. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembled rotor relative to the two halves of the stator in polarity is set according to the scheme:
stator (left) “N” - “N” rotor “S” - “S” stator (right). 11. The pulse motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator and rotor are placed inside a non-magnetic metal housing, on the inner surface of which there are guides (4, 6, 8 pcs.) For moving the stator halves along them and preventing them from radial displacement .

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