RU2436134C1 - Method for rapid investigation of atmosphere, earth's surface and ocean - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: investigated region is monitored based on background and/or archived information. A data base is formed, which contains information on the bottom relief, stationary hydrodynamic processes, the state of the natural environment and industrial objects, geophysical fields, as well as information obtained via remote aerospace probing. Electronic maps of the region under investigation are constructed. Using a diagnostic module, sets of capsules with measuring equipment are then delivered to the region under investigation. The measuring equipment of the capsules includes drift and underwater measuring stations and a radioprobe. Necessary measurements are taken. The obtained signals are converted to digital codes and transmitted to reception and processing centres. During processing, fluctuation of anomalous signals at background levels of the natural environment is picked up Further, comparative analysis of stationary and dynamic processes is carried out and anomalous regions are identified. Unfolding of the situation is then predicted. If signals of new anomalous points appear during detection, the forecast is adjusted based on adaptive forecast evaluation techniques. The degree of risks affecting industrial objects is then determined based on the prediction of development of anomalous processes in the investigated region via an expert evaluation method.

EFFECT: high reliability and information content, as well as wider functional capabilities.

Description

The method of operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean

The invention relates to environmental monitoring and can be used in the study and control of the parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface, the ocean, when searching for deposits.

Known methods for operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean [1-6], which include transportation to the field of study of the diagnostic module with a set of descent capsules equipped with recording equipment, including radiosondes, sensors for measuring temperature, pressure, sea current, salinity, acoustic signals, the number of capsules being lowered satisfies the condition of filling the entire test area, diluting the capsules according to the area of the test area, and recording signals geophysically x fields, the transmission of the measured signals to the receiving point for their subsequent processing, analysis and development of corrective actions to prevent undesirable consequences that could violate the operational safety of the objects of economic activity at sea.

In the known method [3] for each i-th radiosonde, the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean are converted into digital codes, a digital message is generated containing the i-th number of the radiosonde and the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean in digital form generate a high-frequency oscillation at a frequency wi, manipulate it in phase with a digital message and the generated complex signal with phase manipulation is amplified in power and radiated into the air, and at each receiving point, a sequence Searching and converting signals by frequency, isolate a complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency, perform its frequency detection, as a result of which short unipolar pulses corresponding to the moments of a phase change of a complex signal with phase shift keying are extracted, and use them to generate a multipolar voltage in direct and the inverse code proportional to the digital message, register and analyze it, as a result of which the i-th number of the radiosonde and the values of j pairs are determined meters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean. The use of complex signals with phase shift keying to transmit discrete information from radiosondes to a receiving point helps to increase the reliability of operational studies of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean.

However, this known method, based mainly on radiometric measurements, allows only the change in the parameters of natural fields to be recorded, and its technical result consists only in improving the transmission line of discrete information from radiosondes to a receiving point. Moreover, the structural parameters of the studied areas are not restored, which allows you to use this method only for research purposes, as well as for the organization of reliable communication channels.

Using as the main means of measuring signals from a radiosonde allows you to register signals propagating only in the atmosphere and at the boundaries of the atmosphere - the water surface and the atmosphere - the earth, which significantly reduces the information content of the known method.

In addition, in recent years, with the development of the mining industry, the number of offshore platforms and terminals has increased, and accordingly, ship flows in these regions have increased, which introduces additional distortions in the research results.

The placement of offshore platforms and terminals on the continental shelf, especially in the Arctic Ocean, requires solving several problems associated with the lack of actual bathymetric data on the topography of the Arctic Ocean bottom, which are necessary to determine the coordinates of the foot of the continental slope and 2500 m isobath, with no clear geological -geophysical substantiation of the natural continuation of the continental margin in the zone of conjugation with the Lomonosov Ridge and the rise of the Mendeleev, which does not allow share the position of the continental margin and picked up on the ridge along the strike of these structures, as well as the lack of reliable cartographic information bathymetric and seismic profiles.

The most laborious tasks are the tasks of determining the parameters of the boundaries of the continental shelf and seismic monitoring. In particular, the recording of distant marine earthquakes by ground seismometers is carried out with large errors in determining the depths of hypocenters, planned coordinates and magnitude, while weak earthquakes are practically not recorded. As you know, most earthquakes (up to 80%) occur under the bottom of the seas and oceans. Bottom seismic activity, as is known, is concentrated in the coastal zones of the continental margins, island arcs and mid-ocean ridges. This poses a significant danger to offshore terminals and onshore facilities that form the infrastructure of gas and oil production complexes. Bottom earthquakes often cause destructive tsunami waves, lead to seismic shocks hazardous for ships (especially for hydrocarbon shipping ships), provoke the descent of underwater avalanches and landslides, and other phenomena that disrupt the geoecology of water areas. In connection with the active development of the shelf for oil and gas production, the laying of submarine pipelines and communication cables, bottom earthquakes and the phenomena they provoke become extremely dangerous both for the offshore structures themselves and for the ecology of the region as a whole. Also, one should not exclude the possibility of induced seismicity during the extraction of large volumes of oil and gas from the bowels of the earth, which entails the need for seismological support for offshore production complexes and other large underwater structures. In addition, seismic waves propagating in the earth's surface carry information about the structure of the subsoil.

A known method for determining the danger of tsunamis [6] includes placing in the coastal zone at a depth of more than 100 m, at a distance that provides the necessary time to protect the protected area, determined on the basis of the formula dependence, groups of recording devices, connecting them with the communication path to ground receiving stations, placing at a distance of 2-4 thousand kilometers from the shore of another group of recording devices, establishing the fact of the occurrence of a tsunami by signals from distant devices and determining the degree of danger of a tsunami wave for stored area by signals near the registration units.

The phased determination of the tsunami hazard provides a reliable forecast of the tsunami, however, the placement of recording devices at depths of more than 100 m limits the information content of the primary signals and, as a result, reduces the reliability of the forecast, since it is known that the most informative primary signals are observed at depths of 6-10 m from the level high tide, near the coast and along the continental shelves.

In addition, the direct use of the recorded signals as direct harbingers of the tsunami is complicated by the presence of interference caused by the noise of the marine environment of various origins (dynamic, caused by tidal movements of the water column, wind waves, turbulent flows in water and atmosphere, rains, breaking movements, etc. p .; noises from ships and coastal technical structures; seismic, which, in addition to signals caused by tectonic shifts (earthquakes), also apply to ignals due to volcanic activity and tsunami propagation; subglacial due to the formation and dynamics of the ice sheet, as well as the interaction of wind and underwater currents with irregularities in the ice sheet; biological; thermal), which requires a high signal / noise ratio when receiving signals.

To increase the information content in the method of seismic microzoning [7], including the placement of the studied and reference observation points in areas with different engineering and geological conditions, registration of seismic vibrations from earthquakes from potentially dangerous and other focal zones, determination of the dynamic parameters of seismic vibrations and their variations in each study point of observation relative to the reference in a given frequency range of studies, an additional three-component register is carried out seismic oscillations along an orthogonal, oriented to potentially dangerous focal zones network of profiles with a distance between observation points not exceeding 1/3-1 / 4 of the wavelength of the most high-frequency seismic oscillations, which form informative variations in amplitudes, and the distance between profiles is 1 / 3- 1/4 of the minimum spatial period of informative amplitude variations of the high-frequency range of seismic vibrations. However, due to the fact that in the general case the magnitude of the pressure amplitudes of seismic signals depends on the magnitude of the bottom vertical displacement signal (determined by the product of the displacement velocity and the pulse duration), the water wave resistance (determined by the product of water density and sound velocity), and the angle of refraction of the acoustic wave from the bottom to the water, as well as from the removal of the observation horizon from the bottom, reliable signals can be recorded at high frequencies (50 ... 80 Hz and above), the field of application of the known the person is limited to areas with uniform engineering and geological conditions, which significantly reduces its information content.

An increase in information content is achieved in the method [8], which consists of defining regional piecewise continuous profiles, orienting them into the cross of the studied tectonic elements, defining transverse profiles and observing them, in which regional profiles are defined as pairs of quasi-parallel piecewise continuous profiles, and transverse - in the form of piecewise continuous profiles intersecting each other, orient the transverse profiles along the strike of the studied tectonic elements, create around these elements comrade closed polygon, the position of each successive pair of profiles specify after receiving data in a previous pair of profiles, and the distance between the regional profiles determined by the size of the studied tectonic elements, which increases the informativeness due to the possibility of studying difficult constructed environments.

However, this method has application limitations, since the creation of a closed landfill is burdened by the fulfillment of the requirements to ensure high-precision coordination, which is possible only in land conditions.

In the known method of seismic microzoning [9], which consists in the excitation of seismic vibrations by an non-explosive pulsed source, recording them by seismic receivers located in areas with different engineering and geological conditions, determining the values of shear wave velocities, frequency characteristics of the recorded oscillations and evaluating based on these characteristics the increment , additionally excite increased seismic vibrations, compared with the initial vibrations, and in quality The values characterizing the frequency response of the oscillations use the reciprocal of the weighted average period in the frequency band 0.3-30 Hz, determine the increment of the scores for additional excitation, and enter the magnitude of the difference in scores as a correction for nonlinear effects in previously obtained observational data using a low-power, seismic source, which increases reliability and accuracy due to more complete consideration of non-linear soil properties.

A significant disadvantage of this method is the need to create a developing stress in the soil of at least 0.1 and 5 kg / sq.cm, which in the conditions of the seabed is a difficult technical task.

In the known method of seismic exploration [10], which includes the excitation and registration by the interference system of seismic signals through a multiple profiling system and processing the obtained data, the construction of seismograms obtained as a result of preliminary work on the section of the research profile, velocity-angle spectra from the time delay ratio for the hodograph from the double travel time of the wave along the normal to the reflecting border, removal of the explosion device, effective speed to the border and the angle of inclination of the face According to the constructed spectra, they select the main seismic waves and carry out subsequent seismic work on the profile for the selected parameters of the seismic waves by an interference recording system with an optimal directivity characteristic, the parameters of which are determined from the ratio depending on the current angle, the multiplicity of the interference system, the reference frequency of the signal and the delay between two hodographs for tilt angles and current angles, which increases the efficiency of seismic exploration in complexly constructed dah. However, the technical effect of this method can be obtained only in land conditions in the absence of environmental influences.

In the known method of seismic exploration [11], which includes dividing a geological object into deep floors, determining the highest frequency of seismic signals coming from each floor, calculating for each deep floor a time quantization step less than 1/4 of the highest frequency of the seismic signal for i- depth floor, and in space less than or equal to the ratio of the wavelength of the highest frequency of the seismic signal for the i-th floor to the angle of inclination of the front of the incoming wave, excitation, reception by groups of seismic receivers of signals, their digital registration and processing, additionally for each deep floor, determine the length of the base of the grouping of geophones by the expression according to which the length of the base is equal to or less than the ratio of the wavelength of the highest frequency of the seismic signal for the i-th floor to the four sines of the angle of inclination of the front of the incoming wave, which allows to increase the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving stage and to increase the accuracy of studies.

However, the technical result, the achievement of which the solution [11] is directed, which consists in increasing the accuracy of the research results, can only be obtained by tightly linking seismic receivers, which can be achieved only in terrestrial conditions. In the known method for detecting the possibility of the onset of catastrophic events [12], which includes measuring the parameter of the geophysical field in the controlled area and judging by the data obtained on the possibility of the onset of catastrophic phenomena, the measurements are made continuously, the oscillations of the measured parameter are detected and when detecting sinusoidal oscillations of increasing frequency with amplitude, statistically significantly different from the background for the controlled area, and the period from 100 to 1,000,000 s, they judge the availability of tupleniya catastrophic events. However, the direct use of these signals as direct harbingers of the tsunami is complicated by the presence of interference caused by the noise of the marine environment of various origins, which raises the problem of distinguishing underwater seismic signals from the background of the noise of the marine environment.

The widest spectrum of signals can be obtained using the seismic survey method [13], which includes the excitation of elastic vibrations, their registration by seismic receivers, each of which contains three sensors located at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane, and processing the obtained records with the selection of a useful signal which simultaneously excite elastic waves of P- and S-types, registration is carried out by geophones, each of which additionally contains a fourth sensor, while all the sensors are uniformly are azimuthally determined, when processing the obtained records, rectangular Cartesian coordinates of the total wave field vector at each receiving point are calculated by comparing the Cartesian projection modules calculated at each receiving point with the full vector module at this receiving point, three monotypic linearly polarized PP-waves are distinguished , SV-, SH- types and non-linearly polarized wave, which are used as a useful signal.

In the known method for determining tsunami precursors [14], which includes placing in the coastal zone and at a distance from it groups of signal recording devices at deep observation horizons evenly distributed in azimuth, connecting them with a communication path to external signal receiving and processing stations, recording and processing signals consisting in a phased determination of the danger of tsunamis, with the determination of the dynamic parameters of seismic vibrations and their variations in each studied point of observation at a given the frequency range, with processing of the recorded signals in the high-frequency and low-frequency ranges of seismic vibrations, with the separation of the phases of the signals characterizing the arrival of waves associated with the propagation of compression waves and shear waves in the earth's crust, in addition to phases like PP, S hydroacoustic signals also emit a T-phase; the recording devices are placed at observation horizons that are multiple of 25 m with a maximum observation horizon of 100 m, the arrival of an acoustic wave of seismic origin is determined by the magnitude of the frequency shift of the scattered radiation, and low-frequency analysis is performed using the recording means located in the near zone from the earthquake source components of the scattered signal, and shipping noise is used as the reference quasi-harmonic high-frequency signals; by means of recording means located in the coastal zone, the moment of occurrence and direction of arrival of seismoacoustic waves is determined by narrow-band filtering and spectral analysis of waves at combination frequencies.

The set of distinguishing features of the method [14] allows you to obtain reliable information about the upcoming tsunami, which is due to the registration of a wider range of signals.

At the same time, the excitation of tsunami waves by earthquakes in a compressible fluid is accompanied by the generation of hydroacoustic fields in a wider frequency range, and their energy can exceed the energy of tsunami waves. In this case, low-frequency fields (F <1 Hz), like tsunami waves, are excited mainly due to vertical movements of the bottom in the epicenter of an earthquake. Excitation of high-frequency hydroacoustic fields (phase T) occurs over a much larger area and substantially depends on the topography of the bottom. Therefore, high-frequency hydroacoustic fields contain relatively less information per se about the forms of bottom movement in the epicenter of an earthquake. The presence of intense low-frequency acoustic fields in the tsunami focus is observed in the range of 0.05-0.4 Hz, while the main energy of elastic vibrations exceeds the tsunami wave energy by about 300 times [15]. At very low frequencies (below 0.01 Hz), due to the negligible thickness of the ocean layer compared to the wavelength, anemobaric waves are directly excited due to atmospheric pressure drops [16]. Part of the energy of microseisms propagating at small angles to the vertical is scattered in the interior of the Earth in the form of body waves in accordance with the 1 / R law. Another part of the microseism due to refraction or reflection from the underlying layers returns to the upper boundary and undergoes repeated reflections and transformations of longitudinal waves into transverse and vice versa. In this case, surface waves of various types can form, which can propagate over long distances with low attenuation (the energy attenuation coefficient is proportional to 1 / R). In this case, waves of Rayleigh, Stoneley and Love are formed. The speed of Rayleigh waves is always greater than the speed of sound in water. Therefore, at sufficiently high frequencies, when the wavelength in the water layer is commensurate with the depth of the ocean, part of the energy of the Rayleigh waves passes into the water. The amplitude of the waves decreases. Estimates show that the effect of the water layer at an ocean depth of 4 km begins to affect frequencies of about 0.01 Hz. At a frequency of about 0.1 Hz, the wave reflected from the surface of the liquid passes to the bottom in antiphase, i.e. the maximum suppression of the Rayleigh wave occurs. In this case, the main mode undergoes the greatest attenuation, since its antinode is located at the water – ground interface. Higher modes attenuate less because there are a number of antinodes of these modes in the underlying layers. Due to the exchange of acoustic energy between the liquid and the elastic base at a sufficient depth of the ocean, a surface Stoneley wave can arise and propagate along the bottom. At the same time along the vertical on both sides of the boundary are inhomogeneous damped waves. With an ocean depth of 4 km, the formation of Stoneley waves is possible at frequencies starting from about 1 Hz, and at frequencies above 10 Hz the limiting effect of the depth of the ocean can be neglected. The speed of a Stoneley wave is less than the speed of waves in water and soil, so there is no energy loss due to "leaky" waves. It follows that the propagation of Stoneley waves along the seabed over long distances at high frequencies is possible, in contrast to Rayleigh waves. Love surface waves are transverse vibrations with horizontal polarization. Therefore, they cannot be directly excited by waves incident on the boundary from an aqueous medium or due to drops in anemobaric pressure. Their appearance in the microseism is associated with the transformation of Rayleigh waves on the inhomogeneities of the earth's crust, as well as with seismic emission from the crust and upper mantle.

Registration of the T phase using pump waves in the known method [14] can lead to significant difficulties in isolating the tsunami precursor at combination frequencies in the coastal zone due to possible manifestations of the influence of local microseisms in a wide frequency range, which serve as a natural background that determines the sensitivity threshold seismographs.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the reliability of research and expand the functionality of the method of operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean by increasing the information content. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of operational research of the atmosphere, the earth’s surface and the ocean, including transporting to the research area of the diagnostic module, sequentially at temporary predetermined intervals, separating from it several sets of launch capsules equipped with measuring equipment, including a radio probe, the number of which satisfies the filling condition of the studied area, measurement with the help of radiosondes during their descent and after landing or landing of atmospheric parameters of the sphere, the earth’s surface and the ocean, the transmission of information from radiosondes to reception points, while on each i-th radiosonde the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth’s surface and the ocean are converted into digital codes, a digital message containing the i-th number of the radiosonde and measured the values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean, in digital form, generate a high-frequency oscillation at a frequency wi, manipulate it in phase with a digital message, and the generated complex signal with phase shift manipulation is amplified by m power and emit on the air, and at each point of reception a sequential search and conversion of signals by frequency is carried out, a complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency is isolated, its frequency detection is carried out, as a result of which short unipolar pulses are emitted, corresponding to moments of an abrupt change in the phase of a complex signal with phase manipulation, they form using them a bipolar voltage in the forward and reverse code proportional to the digital message, register and analyze they are set, as a result of which the i-th number of the radiosonde and the values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean are determined, drift and underwater measuring stations are additionally included in the sets of descent capsules; before placing the capsules with measuring equipment, the studied area is monitored by the stock and / or archival information, with the formation of a database at the reception point, including information about the bottom topography, stationary hydrodynamic processes, the results of remote aerospace probes studies, characteristics of environmental conditions and technogenic objects of economic activity, characteristics of geophysical fields, with the formation of electronic maps; drifting measuring stations equipped with a satellite radio channel and a hydro-acoustic communication channel are placed on a water surface; underwater measuring stations equipped with a hydro-acoustic communication channel are placed at several horizons in depth and at the bottom of the sea; measuring stations at the bottom of the sea are placed along the coastline, on the continental margins and on the surface of the continental shelf at points with a pronounced surface topography (depressions, elevations, underwater ridges, plain areas) in the radial and axial directions from previously established base points with known geodetic and geographic coordinates; using measuring drift and underwater measuring stations, ionizing, electromagnetic, acoustic and spin-proton soundings of the aquatic and terrestrial environments are performed, followed by restoration and mapping of the relief of the medium, while the radiation and reception of signals are performed according to the method of multiple overlapping or identical soundings, and fluctuations of anomalous signals are distinguished at the background levels of the natural environment, they perform a comparative analysis of stationary and dynamic processes, identify abnormal areas, SNF forecast of the situation development by building parametric models pairwise comparisons; when new abnormal points appear during the registration process, the forecast is adjusted based on adaptive methods for forecasting estimates; Based on the forecast of the development of anomalous processes in the field of research, the degree of risks affecting the objects of economic activity located in the field of study is determined by the method of expert assessments expressed by rankings, and the consistency of the rankings is checked using the Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficients, the Kendall rank concordance coefficient and Babington Smith and Thurstone, Bradley-Terry-Lews parametric paired comparisons, and nonparametric theory models Lucians; using underwater measuring stations, signals of seismic origin are recorded, geomagnetic and gravitational fields are taken, strength characteristics of the bottom soil are determined by measuring drag and friction coefficients; during acoustic sounding of the seabed, the characteristics of distortions in the shape of the reflected signal are recorded, which are used to judge the material and dimensions of the underwater object; spectral analysis of seismic waves is performed both for body waves of the PP and S phases, and for the surface waves of Love, Rayleigh, and Stoneley; when mapping the terrain, conjugate topographic and navigation raster maps.

A set of new distinguishing features, namely: the set of capsules for launching include drifting and underwater measuring stations, before placing the capsules with measuring equipment, they monitor the studied area by stock and / or archival information, with the formation of a database at the reception point, including information about the relief bottom, stationary hydrodynamic processes, the results of remote aerospace sounding, characteristics of environmental conditions and industrial facilities Noah activity characteristics of geophysical fields, the formation of electronic maps; drifting measuring stations equipped with a satellite radio channel and a hydro-acoustic communication channel are placed on a water surface; underwater measuring stations equipped with a hydro-acoustic communication channel are placed at several horizons in depth and at the bottom of the sea; measuring stations at the bottom of the sea are placed along the coastline, on the continental margins and on the surface of the continental shelf at points with a pronounced surface topography (depressions, elevations, underwater ridges, plain areas) in the radial and axial directions from previously established base points with known geodetic and geographic coordinates; using measuring drift and underwater measuring stations, ionizing, electromagnetic, acoustic and spin-proton soundings of the aquatic and terrestrial environments are performed, followed by restoration and mapping of the relief of the medium, while the radiation and reception of signals are performed according to the method of multiple overlapping or identical soundings, and fluctuations of anomalous signals are distinguished at the background levels of the natural environment, they perform a comparative analysis of stationary and dynamic processes, identify abnormal areas, SNF forecast of the situation development by building parametric models pairwise comparisons; when new abnormal points appear during the registration process, the forecast is adjusted based on adaptive methods for forecasting estimates; Based on the forecast of the development of anomalous processes in the field of research, the degree of risks affecting the objects of economic activity located in the field of study is determined by the method of expert assessments expressed by rankings, and the consistency of the rankings is checked using the Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficients, the Kendall rank concordance coefficient and Babington Smith and Thurstone, Bradley-Terry-Lews parametric paired comparisons, and nonparametric theory models Lucians; using underwater measuring stations, signals of seismic origin are recorded, geomagnetic and gravitational fields are taken, strength characteristics of the bottom soil are determined by measuring drag and friction coefficients; during acoustic sounding of the seabed, the characteristics of distortions in the shape of the reflected signal are recorded, which are used to judge the material and dimensions of the underwater object; spectral analysis of seismic waves is performed both for body waves of the PP and S phases, and for the surface waves of Love, Rayleigh, and Stoneley; when mapping the terrain, pairing of topographic and navigation raster maps is performed, it allows to increase the reliability of research and expand the functionality of the method due to the redundancy of measurements and the use of measuring equipment based on different principles of operation, as well as by restoring the relief of the studied natural means, using stock (archived ) information on the characteristics of the study area, taking into account the characteristics of business entities (mining e platform and marine terminals, etc.).

The method is implemented as follows. Targeted monitoring of the research object (point, group, areal or extended) and the operational water area is preliminarily performed, on which the manifestation of undesirable natural or technogenic phenomena that have a negative impact on the economic activity object (the water area of the hydrocarbon field, offshore pipelines and areas of their coastal adjoining , maritime transport communications, fishing areas, port water areas, offshore platforms and terminals in gas areas condensate field) and define options for its protection. As a result of targeted monitoring, a set of information blocks and local databases are combined into a single virtual space.

Preliminary target monitoring of the research object includes:

- analysis of hydrometeorological and navigation-hydrographic data,

- collection and analysis of material about the economic activity object (OCD) and the area of its location,

- compilation of a list of measures to ensure operational safety of storage facilities,

- compilation of exploded, mono-element and integrated circuit diagrams,

- identification of priority monitoring zones,

- Establishment of a monitoring network and controlled parameters. The information blocks and local databases contain the characteristics of the bottom topography, hydrophysical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the water area, information on the engineering and geological conditions of the OCD area, a description of the navigation and hydrographic support of the region, a description of the intensity of shipping and information on the assessment of special natural phenomena that affect the efficiency of the operation of the OCD.

The database of CDD and adjacent water areas includes the following blocks: engineering, hydrometeorological, hydrographic and navigation.

The engineering and technical unit contains a database of the location of structures and systems for supporting the activities of storage facilities; a list of the physical parameters of the OCD carrying the radiating properties (acoustic, electromagnetic field, etc.); information about possible emergency situations at the storage depot, the functioning of systems and means of ensuring the vital functions of the storage depot and personnel; information about pipelines laying methods, technical characteristics of the main equipment; information about dangerous natural and technological processes, the development of which may entail the destruction of engineering structures. This information is contained in the form of multilayer diagrams and GIS-format maps at the reception point.

On the development schemes of hazardous (for engineering structures) processes and phenomena, dangerous lithodynamic, geocryological, geodynamic, physicochemical and other processes and phenomena are identified.

The hydrometeorological block includes stock (archival) and operational materials about changes in sea level, extreme winds and waves, speed and direction of currents, determined by means of drifting stations located in the sea area;

information on the timing of the appearance and disappearance of various generations of drifting ice and landfast ice, the boundaries of their distribution, morphology, the characteristics of the cohesion of ice fields, the dynamics of drifting ice (including icebergs) and landfast ice when OCD is located in the sea basin of the Arctic region. In this block, possible options for decreasing the efficiency of DCD under the influence of hydrometeorological factors are calculated, with the implementation of numerical experiments on models; zones of stamukha formation, zones of bulk ice on the shore are determined; The exacration of sea ice and the abrasion (thermal abrasion) of the coasts are estimated.

The hydrological engineering block contains the results of depth measurements, sonar surveys, magnetometry, underwater photography and telemetry, necessary to identify the features of the underwater terrain; engineering and hydrographic diagrams of the plots indicating the sizes of the shapes and the angles of inclination of the surfaces; highlighted zones of the possible development of gravitational processes, types of landscapes in the zone of influence of the designed structures. Also in this block, a forecast of possible changes in landscapes is carried out, due to the redevelopment of the surface of the seabed and the creation of new forms of microrelief.

The navigation block contains information on the characteristics of the radio navigation field operating in the area where the OCD is located, ship traffic systems, recommended ship traffic routes in the water area and approaches to marine terminals.

Due to the fact that active lithodynamic processes are widespread in almost all water areas, dominating in the coastal zone, in shallow waters and in areas of development of a pronounced underwater relief, the real difficulty for the safe operation of the water storage system can be intense sedimentation that can disrupt the functioning of systems of mechanisms and structures, and artificial intensive erosion caused by vibration from the functioning of aggregates and mechanisms, the result of which may be washing out the supports engineering structures with the probability of their collapse. A feature of this type of hazardous processes and phenomena is the possibility of a sharp, difficult to predict dangerous change in the lithodynamic regime precisely due to the creation of underwater engineering structures at the bottom, which are obstacles for underwater currents and sediment flows.

At the same time, zones of intensive development and accumulation of bottom sediments, zones of intense erosion are highlighted in the diagram of dangerous lithodynamic processes and phenomena, directions of dominant bottom currents are shown, volumes and directions of sediment flows are estimated.

A separate GIS layer is allocated for this scheme. Structurally, the information generated in the database at the point of reception is divided into:

- geographically-generalized information,

- object-identifying information,

- information on the state of the environment,

- Additional information.

The territorial-generalized information block contains spatial (cartographic) and attributive (descriptive) information about the location and main characteristics of the storage facilities on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation, as well as about the main transport routes. The base of this unit is a digital card M: 2500000.

The object-identifying information block contains data characterizing the object under study and the section of the CD. The base of this unit is a digital card M 1: 10000.

The information in this block includes:

- type of object and its main characteristics,

- information about the project operator,

- type of mineral resource mined in this area,

- data on the technological installation,

- the degree of danger of the object,

- ways and means of transportation.

The block of information on the state of the environment contains data on the environmental characteristics in the area and phenomena. The composition of environmental data includes:

but). graphic information:

- bottom topography,

- hydrodynamic picture,

- composition of the sedimentary layer,

- remote sensing cards.

b) attributive information:

- current environmental characteristics in the control areas and base points,

- data on the presence and development of hazardous phenomena in the geological environment,

- data of planning and altitude control.

The additional information block contains information about:

- related types of economic activity (in addition to subsoil use, for example, on fishing zones, shipping routes, pipeline systems, etc.);

- specially protected areas (conservation areas, migration routes of marine animals, etc.).

Formation of the information base of the reception point for the continental shelf sections on which the storage facilities are located is carried out on the basis of existing information (archival).

Assessments of the operational safety of the storage system and the possibility of taking specific corrective actions are carried out by analyzing the temporal dynamics of processes and phenomena on the scale of the studied region, using data obtained from diagnostic modules equipped with capsules with measuring equipment, which are located on water and earth surfaces at different depths, at the seabed and in the atmosphere at different altitude horizons, with a given distribution in space.

Through measuring equipment (radiosonde, sonar probe, sensors for measuring air temperature, sea water, earth surface, atmospheric and hydrostatic pressure, deformation of the earth surface, technical means of generating, emitting and receiving sounding signals (ionizing, electromagnetic, acoustic, proton) located on measuring stations determine the parameters of geophysical fields of natural and artificial origin, while the diagnostic modules contain sets of capsules , representing radio probes placed in the atmosphere using parachute systems, on the water (drifters) and the earth's surface, at several depth horizons (diving buoys), on the bottom (autonomous bottom stations and underwater observatories). the atmosphere and on the earth’s surface are equipped with satellite communication channels with a receiving point.In addition, capsules located in the aquatic environment are equipped with hydro-acoustic communication channels, which allows recorded information (signals) a broadcast to a receiving point through the capsule, located on the water surface and provided with, in addition to the sonar communications channel, and also a satellite communication channel.

Capsules from the surface to the bottom are placed with the formation of a fan zone. Moreover, each capsule located on the surface can receive signals from eight other capsules located in the thickness of the aquatic environment via the sonar channel.

The principle of operation of radiosondes is similar to the principle of operation described in the prototype [3].

Formation, registration and provision of a hydro-acoustic communication channel is carried out by means of appropriate hydro-acoustic means.

Analogs of the measuring sensors of capsules located in the thickness of the aquatic environment are measuring sensors described in the analogue [1].

Spin-proton sounding is based on the detection of the mechanisms of spin-phonon interactions in the marine environment by the method of coherent pulsed proton spin echo, which is one of the modern and promising methods of quantum radiophysics and relates to non-destructive testing [17].

The main advantage of this method is a clear physical concept of quantum-mechanical ideas about the structure of matter. All information on the structure of the medium and the phenomena occurring in it is reflected in the dynamics of the precession of spins of resonating polarized atomic nuclei and is detected by the proton spin echo method, taking into account the mechanisms of spin-phonon interactions. The study of the structure of the water molecule, the dynamics of its change as a result of the interaction of water with natural and anthropogenic objects and phenomena makes it possible to study the physical essence of various natural and anthropogenic processes (microstructure of sea water, dynamics of ocean currents, the interaction of the ocean and atmosphere, search and detection of sunken objects, dynamic characteristics of trunk pipelines and offshore terminals). The problem of studying the structure of water, as well as the liquid state of matter in general, is one of the most complex in modern condensed matter physics. The composition and structure of sea water is a complex heterogeneous and multiphase system. Studies have shown that multiphase conditions of sea water have different times of correlation of liquid molecules and, accordingly, different relaxation times, which depend on the intensity of interphase exchange. Due to the unique energy sensitivity that has almost reached the quantum limit at present - the Planck constant h = 4 · 10 ^-15 eV / Hz, this quantum radiophysical method is increasingly used for a wide variety of measurements requiring extreme resolution and sensitivity. The pulsed multiplex measurement logic allows one to distinguish phases with different mobility of molecules and proton lifetimes in a given phase, which is extremely important for solving the above problems. And the use of the effects of the mechanism of spin-phonon interactions, i.e. the absorption of energy of ultrasonic radiation by the individual phases that make up the heterogeneous system allows you to strengthen or suppress the remaining components, which significantly increases the selectivity and sensitivity of the method. Determination of the nominal propagation conditions of various physical fields in the ocean-atmosphere boundary layer, as well as in the thickness of sea and ocean waters, allows realizing the task of detecting and detecting leaks during operation of underwater trunk pipelines and implementing a quantum measuring signature analysis and control system for operational underwater conditions in the field of research.

At the same time, the geometric dimensions and relationships, the statistical, dynamic and other physical characteristics of controlled and observed objects (stationary and moving) are measured, and the signatures are recorded: the characteristic fields created by these objects (electromagnetic, radiation, magnetic), and equivalent to them (fields) of signals (acoustic, seismic, etc.), identification of chemical and biological agents and the composition of structural materials of objects and their elements.

The measuring equipment of capsules placed in the aquatic environment and on the earth’s surface (in the coastal zone) also includes an ionizing radiation sensor, through which an underwater object is irradiated with an ion beam in the zone of interest (for example, coastal fractures, main pipelines and other underwater structures) , the ions passing through the object are recorded by a detector, based on the signals of which an image is obtained, which is obtained by the distribution of the ranges of the ions [18]. At the reception point, based on the information received from the diagnostic modules, taking into account the information from preliminary target monitoring, a comparative analysis of stationary and dynamic processes is performed, anomalous areas are identified, a forecast of the situation development is made by constructing parametric models of pairwise comparisons; when new abnormal points appear during the registration process, the forecast is adjusted based on adaptive methods for forecasting estimates; Based on the forecast of the development of anomalous processes in the field of research, the degree of risks affecting the objects of economic activity located in the field of study is determined by the method of expert assessments expressed by rankings, and the consistency of the rankings is checked using the Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficients, the Kendall rank concordance coefficient and Babington Smith, and the parametric pairwise comparisons of Thurstone, Bradley-Terry-Lews, and nonparametric models of the theory of Xi'an [19], which allows for point and interval estimation of parameters to check the significance of their differences from 0 to nonparametric setting, building confidence limits for the forecast. The main processing procedures for prognostic expert assessments are consistency checking, cluster analysis of research results.

At the same time, hydroacoustic signals recording means, which are broadband bottom seismographs, are placed directly at the water-ground boundary in the coastal zone and at a distance from the coastal zone, as well as at different depth horizons, using autonomous bottom stations, underwater observatories, anchored platforms. The analogue of broadband seismographs are broadband seismographs such as EHP-17, EHP-20.

Broadband seismographs of the G.Streckeisen Messgeratebau type (Switzerland) and Guralp (England) type STS-1 and CMG-3 are installed at coastal stations located along the coastline of the continental shelf. Hydroacoustic signals are recorded with phases of the PP, S, and T type being separated. In this case, seismic noise is recorded at frequencies of 0.008-20 Hz, hydrodynamic noise of the sea at frequencies of 0.01-100 Hz, wave pressure at the bottom at frequencies of 0.01-0 , 01 Hz.

The phase T signal received in the coastal wedge is determined in the frequency range 34 ... 75 Hz at a quantization frequency of 160 Hz using the pseudo-differential parabolic equation, which provides sound fields in a two-dimensional inhomogeneous ocean with variable bottom topography and sound velocity profile with a given accuracy for any angle range slip of local normal waves, taking into account the interaction between them. Since the observed signal S (t) is the sum of signals from successively excited layers, representing the signal as a vector of a column of time samples and denoting column vectors of signals from sequentially excited layers by S, we have S (S ₁ , S ₂ , ..., S _n ), (a ₁ , a ₂ , ..., a _n ), a _i - the essence of the amplitude of the scatterers. As the decisive statistics, the sum of the squared amplitudes is used, which has the maximum value for the signal of the expected structure. The estimate is obtained by the least squares method, since the system of linear equations is uncertain.

Performing an assessment for each point in time, get its time dependence. The presence of a maximum in it means the presence in the source of the expected structure of the excitation of the sound field. When plotting the critical statistics of the abscissa of the global maximum, it corresponds to the time of arrival of the total scattered signal. The arrival of an acoustic wave of seismic origin is determined by the magnitude of the frequency shift of the scattered radiation, while using the recording means located in the near zone of the earthquake source, at external signal receiving and processing stations, the low-frequency components of the scattered signal are analyzed as reference quasi-harmonic high-frequency signals using shipping noise , and by means of registration tools located in the coastal zone, determine the moment of occurrence and direction of arrival of the seismic acoustic waves by the narrowband filtering and spectral analysis. Phase separation of the PP, S, and T phases is carried out by narrow-band filtering using Butterford recursive filters, while the input filtering is performed by recursive filters with integer coefficients, and signals with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz and below are filtered with coefficients in the form of floating point numbers. Acoustic signals are recorded by means of broadband bottom seismographs with at least three seismic channels, the signals being analyzed by three independent detectors, and the detection signal is generated when the alarms coincide in at least two out of three channels. Spectral analysis of both the body waves of the PP and S phases and the surface waves of Love, Rayleigh, and Stoneley is performed.

When registering seismic signals at the bottom, one of the important areas of using broadband bottom seismographs is the study of microseismic noise excited by sea and ocean waves. Microseisms appear in a wide range of frequencies and serve as a natural background that determines the sensitivity threshold of seismographs. The characteristic microseisms are recorded with a period of about 6 seconds, in addition, microseisms with periods of 20 and 100 seconds are detected, which allows you to select both volume P and S waves and Love surface waves (oscillations in the frequency range 0.0125-0.05 Hz ), Rayleigh and Stoneley (1-10 Hz). At coast stations, the Rayleigh wave is recorded in the zero mode.

Analogs of underwater stations are the devices cited in the sources [20-27]. In general, underwater stations, in addition to the hull and structural elements (frame truss, ballast anchor, radar reflectors, beacons, autonomous power supply, etc.), contain measuring equipment, including a spectrum analyzer, a radioactive contamination control unit, a cable communication line modem , registration and control unit, hydroacoustic control equipment, hydrophysical module, hydrochemical module, bottom seismometer, magnetic field sensor control unit, precession coil, junction box, lok autonomous sonar breaker, storage media.

The main technical characteristics of the spectrum analyzer are: a spectral range of 0.52-0.78 microns, a passband of 0.54 nm by 0.783 microns, a positioning accuracy of 0.2 nm in the spectrum, and a number of spectral channels of 4096.

The radiation pollution control unit is designed to determine in situ the content of gamma-emitting radionuclides in man-made seawater of both technogenic and natural origin.

The cable line modem is designed to transmit the registered parameters to the control station.

The registration and control unit for the underwater complex is designed to collect information from the sensors of the underwater observatory, bind it to the exact time system, compress and transmit via a cable communication line through a cable line modem, or to record information on a hard magnetic disk offline. The equipment for hydroacoustic telecontrol is designed to control the operating modes and testing of the underwater observatory, as well as supply a signal for the ascent of beacons. The sonar control equipment consists of two parts. The equipment, which is part of the dispatch station and transmitting control commands at a distance of up to 8 kilometers, is designed to control operating modes by transmitting hydroacoustic control commands, receiving receipts from the underwater observatory, confirming the execution of commands, measuring the distance to the underwater observatory.

The underwater part of the hydroacoustic control equipment, located in the underwater observatory, provides reception and decoding of hydroacoustic commands for controlling the operating modes of the underwater observatory and the transmission of receipts confirming the execution of commands, as well as the issuance of commands for the ascent of beacons reporting the excess of certain parameters measured by the underwater observatory at work in standalone and cable modes.

The hydrophysical module is designed to perform measurements of the following quantities:

- temperature

- pressure

- electrical conductivity,

- current velocity vectors (triaxial acoustic current meter),

- Observatory platform orientation (roll-trim values).

The bottom seismometer is designed to provide continuous seismic monitoring of the seabed in a wide frequency and dynamic ranges. It includes seismic sensors, seismic acoustic sensor, spatial orientation unit.

Three-component seismic sensors (two horizontal and one vertical components) are designed to convert the speed of soil vibrations into an electrical signal in the corresponding dynamic and frequency ranges.

A three-component seismic-acoustic sensor is designed to convert the third derivative of soil vibrations into an electrical signal in the corresponding dynamic and frequency ranges. The main technical characteristics of the sensor: the number of seismic-acoustic channels 3, the frequency range of 20-1000 Hz, the dynamic range in the 1/3 octave band and the central frequency of 30 Hz is not less than 60 dB, the amplitude of the output signal is not more than ± 105, the amplitude of the control signal at a load current of 4 mA not more than ± 5 V. The spatial orientation sensor is designed to determine the exact position in space of all seismic sensors.

As a sensor, the TCM-2 electric compass module of Precision Navigation company is used, which is a three-axis flux-gate magnetometer and an electronic unit made on one board. In a specific design, an AKM-1 magnetometer with a cesium sensor that does not require spatial orientation, as well as magnetically sensitive film sensors (0.001-0.005 nT) can be used. The block of hydrochemical measurements is a device designed to classify seawater pollution by spectral characteristics and molecular composition, the analogues of which are given in the sources [28-31]. Dispatcher registration and management tools include:

- personal computer compatible with IBM PC,

- receiver of satellite navigation system GPS,

- block autonomous sonar disconnector,

- equipment for sonar telecontrol.

The minimum configuration of a personal computer includes:

- processor - Pentium 166 MHz,

- RAM - 32 MB,

- SVGA card with 1 MB memory,

- An additional board with two serial ports with FIFO memory (UART16550 - compatible).

Registration and control tools are used to process information received from the underwater observatory. The software and mathematical means of these tools are designed to check all the measuring channels of the underwater observatory and the registration and control unit via the RS-485 serial port, to bind the internal clock of the registration and control unit to the single-time system using hydroacoustic telecontrol equipment and a GPS receiver, and to make geo-referencing by means of hydroacoustic telecontrol equipment, obtaining information on the results of test checks after installation Sheep underwater observatory to the bottom.

The autonomous sonar disconnector block is designed to control the operation of the ballast disconnector necessary for hoisting operations of the underwater observatory.

The algorithm of the main operating mode of the dispatch station is to provide communication between the underwater complex and the dispatch station, which is carried out through a fiber optic deep-sea cable using the access method with time division of subscribers. Each underwater observatory has its own address. In this case, the network of control stations operates in simplex mode. Up to 16 underwater observatories operating in stand-alone maintenance-free mode can simultaneously be connected to one dispatching station through a deep-sea cable.

The number of measuring channels in each underwater observatory depends on the problem to be solved at a particular location of the underwater observatory. In principle, the maximum number of digital measuring channels can be up to 30, and analog - up to 6.

The control station’s control computer and real-time software and hardware are designed to control the equipment of the underwater observatory, diagnose its malfunctions, receive data received from the underwater observatory, and place the received data on information storage devices. The functioning of the entire hardware and software complex is determined by the configuration file, which is created by a special program and sets the presence of underwater observatories, the type of geophysical channels used, channel parameters, as well as the presence or absence of time synchronization equipment (GPS receiver).

When the registration program starts, the entire network of the underwater observatory is read and the Greenwich time is referenced to within a few tens of microseconds and the corrections are calculated to the quartz frequency of the computer to maintain the functioning of the complex in the event of a short-term GPS receiver failure. Time synchronization is carried out every second from the GPS receiver.

Following synchronization, there is a survey, programming, synchronization and start-up of equipment of individual underwater observatories. The state of equipment of each underwater observatory is requested (its serviceability, availability of channels, serviceability of channels, etc.). In case of problems, an appropriate message is displayed on the screen (it is also recorded in the operation protocol file). The program of work for each measuring channel, the polling frequency and the gain are transmitted to the registration and control unit of the underwater observatory.

Before starting, each control and registration unit is synchronized by the time of the dispatch station computer (in the future, synchronization is performed every 10 seconds). During synchronization, the signal transit time from the control room computer to the synchronized registration and control unit is taken into account. After that, the registration and control unit starts up and starts collecting data from the measuring channels. The registration and control unit in each underwater observatory works independently and compresses and stores all information in a buffer memory. The control computer of the dispatching station cyclically requests data from the corresponding registration and control unit for the signals registered by the sensors and, if available, receives them and writes them to their buffers in the main memory. After accumulating a sufficient amount of data for the channel, they are overwritten into a file corresponding to the type of channel. Usually these files are located on another computer and are accessible on a local network, although for short-term experiments the system can be configured in such a way that a local disk will be used. With short-term communication breaks (up to 10 min), data is not lost due to the presence of each unit of registration and control of a sufficiently large own buffer. In the process of exchanging data, the operator can calibrate any measuring channel that is part of the control station network. In case of emergency situations (disconnection from the underwater observatory, its breakdown, failure of individual channels, or restoration of the above), as well as some normal situations (the occurrence of an event or the start of calibration of the corresponding measuring channel), a message is displayed on the screen, including the GMT time of the onset of the situation, names of the underwater observatories and the channel and the message itself. Messages are also written to a buffer of 100 lines and to the log file. The buffer can be viewed by the operator at any time.

The measuring sensors of the underwater observatory, after being placed at the bottom, function for their intended purpose. The signals recorded by the sensors are recorded on the information storage means, during communication sessions they are transmitted to a dispatch station, where a complete analysis of the assessment of the seismic and hydrodynamic state of the studied areas is carried out, based on which a forecast is made about possible seismic and environmental consequences of a natural and technogenic nature.

When implementing the proposed method, a device is also used based on the detection of the mechanisms of spin-phonon interactions in the marine environment by the method of coherent pulsed proton spin echo, which is one of the modern and promising methods of quantum radiophysics and relates to non-destructive testing methods. The main advantage of this method is a clear physical concept of quantum-mechanical ideas about the structure of matter. All information on the structure of the medium and the phenomena occurring in it is reflected in the dynamics of the precession of spins of resonating polarized atomic nuclei and is detected by the proton spin echo method, taking into account the mechanisms of spin-phonon interactions. The study of the structure of the water molecule, the dynamics of its change as a result of the interaction of water with natural and anthropogenic objects and phenomena makes it possible to study the physical essence of various natural and anthropogenic processes (microstructure of sea water, dynamics of ocean currents, the interaction of the ocean and atmosphere, search and detection of sunken objects, dynamic characteristics of trunk pipelines and offshore terminals). The problem of studying the structure of water, as well as the liquid state of matter in general, is one of the most complex in modern condensed matter physics. The composition and structure of sea water is a complex heterogeneous and multiphase system. Studies have shown that multiphase conditions of sea water have different times of correlation of liquid molecules and, accordingly, different relaxation times, which depend on the intensity of interphase exchange. Due to the unique energy sensitivity that has almost reached the quantum limit at present - the Planck constant h = 4 · 10 ^-15 eV / Hz, this quantum radiophysical method is increasingly used for a wide variety of measurements requiring extreme resolution and sensitivity. Pulse multiplexing measurement logic allows you to select phases with different mobility of molecules and proton lifetimes in this phase, which is extremely important for solving the technical problem of the proposed method.

Using the effects of the mechanism of spin-phonon interactions, i.e. the absorption of energy of ultrasonic radiation by the individual phases that make up the heterogeneous system allows you to strengthen or suppress the remaining components, which significantly increases the selectivity and sensitivity of the method, to establish nominal conditions for the propagation of various physical fields in the boundary layer of the ocean - atmosphere, as well as in the thickness of sea and ocean waters, and, in addition, it allows to improve the monitoring system in case of leak detection during the operation of trunk pipelines and, ultimately, with create a quantum measuring signature system for analysis and control of the operational situation in the region. The device by which the inventive method is implemented is a proton spin echo probe equipped with a proton spin echo spectrometer and a spin-relaxation parameter processing unit, an analog of which is described in the source [17].

When using this device, the task of ensuring the safe operation of gas and oil fields located in the waters of the Arctic Ocean in the presence of an iceberg hazard is also solved. In this case, the device can be installed either directly on the iceberg surface in a telescopic device controlled by radio pulses, or placed in a marine environment from a floating vehicle, or on a low-flying aircraft, for example, on a helicopter or an unmanned Dozor ice reconnaissance complex launched from a ship [32].

By means of a processing unit for spin-relaxation parameters, molecular spin interactions of protons of sea water in the liquid (washed by an iceberg) and solid phases are detected.

Determine τ - time and l - length of the correlation of dynamic variables describing the energy or momentum fluxes. The parameters τ and l, which characterize the attenuation in time and space of the mutual influence of molecules, i.e. correlation calculated based on the dependencies:

t _p = L / D ² , where D is the diffusion coefficient, t _p is the temperature, t _p = τ (L / l ₁ ) ² , L is the volume, t _p = L / c, s is the coefficient of thermal conductivity [33] . Since the time of proton spin-lattice relaxation of sea water varies with temperature [34, 35], the volume of the iceberg and its external configuration are determined by the difference in air temperature, sea water and ice formation.

The correlation length of dynamic variables describing the energy and / or momentum flux from the top to the bottom of the ice formation is determined in the radial, axial and tangential directions by detecting the mechanisms of spin-phonon interactions in sea water.

Tomographic image reconstruction of the studied iceberg or ice hummock is performed at the level of the ice lattice - tridymite, which allows to identify cracks and fractures, the analysis of which will make the most correct decision on the transportation or destruction of the iceberg in case of a threat to the safe operation of offshore oil and gas terminals.

To study the parameters of the environment, the whole range of existing sensors is used: radar, geophysical (acoustic, seismic, magnetic), radioactive radiation, optoelectronic and radar surveys, with the overlapping of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. At the same time, the geometric dimensions and relationships, the statistical, dynamic and other physical characteristics of controlled and observed objects (stationary and moving) are measured, and the signatures are recorded: the characteristic fields created by these objects (electromagnetic, radiation, magnetic) and equivalent to them (fields) of signals (acoustic, seismic, etc.), identification of chemical and biological agents and the composition of structural materials of objects and their elements.

The measuring equipment also includes an echo sounder designed to search for hydrosphere products and quantify them, as well as to profile the bottom, a side-scan sonar designed to capture the bottom topography, search and quantify biosphere products, and a high-precision profilograph designed to accurately profile the bottom topography , and a low-frequency parametric profilograph designed for profiling bottom sediments. The analogs of these devices are the devices shown in the source [36], which provide the determination of the speed of sound at several horizons of the depth range, as well as the amplitudes of the acoustic impedance reflected by the ith layer of the bottom and the determination of the relative (interlayer) reflection coefficient R: R _i = | Z _i Z _i-1 | / (Z _i + Z _{i + 1} ), where Z _i and Z _{i + 1 are the} impedances of the ith layer and the previous one.

By means of hydroacoustic means, absolute layer reflection coefficients, layer impedance, acoustic energy attenuation coefficient in the layer, layer acoustic susceptibility coefficient, layer roughness coefficient, apparent density distribution in the thickness of the bottom soil are obtained. The advantage of the proposed method over the well-known technical solutions of a similar purpose is to ensure the registration of signals of geophysical fields, due to both changes in the characteristics of the natural environment and the effects of OCD in the studied area. The proposed method can be implemented on the basis of commercially available measuring tools, computer equipment, standard interfaces and proven information processing algorithms, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

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Claims (1)

A method for operational research of the atmosphere, the earth’s surface, and the ocean, including transporting a diagnostic module to the study area, sequentially, with time given intervals, separating from it several sets of launch capsules equipped with measuring equipment, including a radio probe, the number of which satisfies the condition for filling the studied area, measuring using radiosondes during their descent and after landing or landing parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean, before I receive information from radiosondes to reception points, while on each i-th radiosonde the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean are converted into digital codes, a digital message is generated containing the ith number of the radiosonde and the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean in digital form, generate a high-frequency oscillation at the frequency ωi, manipulate it in phase with a digital message, and the generated complex signal with phase manipulation is amplified in power and radiated into the air, and on each To the reception channel, a signal is searched and converted sequentially by frequency, a complex signal is extracted with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency, its frequency detection is performed, as a result of which short unipolar pulses are emitted, which correspond to moments of an abrupt change in the phase of a complex signal with phase shift keying, and they form a bipolar the voltage in the forward and reverse codes proportional to the digital message is recorded and analyzed, as a result of which it is determined the i-th number of the radiosonde and the values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean, characterized in that the set of launch capsules include drifting and underwater measuring stations, before placing the capsules with measuring equipment, the studied area is monitored by stock and / or archive information, with the formation of a database at the reception point, including information about the bottom topography, stationary hydrodynamic processes, data from remote aerospace soundings, state characteristics at one environment and man-made objects of economic activity, the characteristics of geophysical fields, the formation of electronic maps; drifting measuring stations equipped with a satellite radio channel and a hydro-acoustic communication channel are placed on a water surface; underwater measuring stations equipped with a hydro-acoustic communication channel are placed at several horizons in depth and at the bottom of the sea; measuring stations at the bottom of the sea are placed along the coastline, on the continental margins and on the surface of the continental shelf at points with a pronounced surface topography (depressions, elevations, underwater ridges, plain areas), in the radial and axial directions from previously established base points with known geodetic and geographical coordinates; using measuring drift and underwater measuring stations, ionizing, electromagnetic, acoustic and spin-proton soundings of the aquatic and terrestrial environments are performed, followed by restoration and mapping of the relief of the medium, while the radiation and reception of signals are performed according to the method of multiple overlapping or identical soundings, and fluctuations of anomalous signals are distinguished at the background levels of the natural environment, they perform a comparative analysis of stationary and dynamic processes, identify abnormal areas, SNF forecast of the situation development by building parametric models pairwise comparisons; when new abnormal points appear during the registration process, the forecast is adjusted based on adaptive methods for forecasting estimates; Based on the forecast of the development of anomalous processes in the field of research, the degree of risks affecting the objects of economic activity located in the field of study is determined by the method of expert assessments expressed by rankings, and the consistency of the rankings is checked using the Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficients, the Kendall rank concordance coefficient and Babington Smith, and the parametric paired comparisons of Thurstone, Bradley-Terry-Lews, and nonparametric theory models lusianite; using underwater measuring stations, signals of seismic origin are recorded, and geomagnetic and gravitational fields are recorded; determine the strength characteristics of the bottom soil by measuring the coefficients of resistance and friction; during acoustic sounding of the seabed, the characteristics of distortions in the shape of the reflected signal are recorded, which are used to judge the material and dimensions of the underwater object; Spectral analysis of seismic waves is performed both for body waves of the PP and S phases, and for the surface waves of Love, Rayleigh, and Stoneley; when mapping the terrain, conjugate topographic and navigation raster maps.