RU2435286C1 - Multi-disc unipolar dc machine without sliding contacts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: in the proposed design of the unipolar electric machine (UM) the electric contacts are electroconductive roller swinging contacts and fixed cylindrical cartridges, to which electric conductors are soldered. Such design of electric contacts without high complexity makes it possible to electrically serially connect all their rotor discs into the anchor circuit, which allows increasing of working voltage. At the same time the swinging friction between electroconductive rollers and fixed cylindrical cartridges, and also active parts of rotor discs (hubs) is incomparably less than sliding friction between conventional sliding brush contacts and contact rings.

EFFECT: improved electromechanical characteristics, increased reliability of operation, increased wear resistance, simplified design, increasing working voltage of the unipolar electric machine several times, expansion of its field of application.

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Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to electric DC machines.

The closest analogue of the proposed machine is a unipolar DC machine (hereinafter referred to as UM) with a disk rotor with sliding brush contacts or liquid metal current collector.

However, the presence of at least two sliding contacts or a peripheral liquid metal current collector per rotor disk not only complicates the design, worsens its electromechanical characteristics, but also significantly reduces the reliability of operation and narrows the scope of its application. The latter is due to the relatively low operating voltage of the machine.

The sliding friction between the fixed brushes and the rotating rings is quite high and leads to their wear, and due to an increase in the transition resistance due to this, to its increased heating.

Overcoming these shortcomings is possible with the help of liquid metal current collection. Unfortunately, the creation of reliably sealed peripheral fluid ring collector designs that do not allow the leakage of vapor of an electrically conductive fluid is quite problematic.

The technical result of the claimed invention is a significant improvement in electromechanical characteristics, increased reliability of wear resistance, increased operating voltage (several times) and, accordingly, the expansion of the scope of application of DC DC.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the design of the proposed PA there are no sliding mechanoelectric or liquid metal electrical contacts. They are electrically conductive rolling rollers, which have low rolling friction compared to sliding friction and which easily allow several rotor disks to rotate electrically in series, rotating around a common shaft in the magnetic fields of the stator's permanent magnets.

The proposed multi-disk DC amplifier without sliding contacts, consisting of a stator and a rotor, separated by air gaps, made in the form of series-mounted DC amplifier with disk rotors on a common rotation shaft, differs in that a stationary magnetic system consisting of from several hollow cylindrical bearings mounted one after another on a common insulated shaft of rotation of permanent magnets, the continuation of the poles of which are disk-shaped with round openings of larger diameters and holes of smaller diameters in the middle of them are magnetic cores whose end surfaces are symmetrically located on both sides of the rotating rotor disks, and several electrically connected rotary disks mounted on the outer surfaces of the hollow cylindrical stator magnets by means of electrically conductive roller bearings serve as a rotor the nearest and stationary clips of which are pairwise interconnected by electrical conductors passing through cut the hole of the corresponding adjacent magnetic cores, with the periphery of the middle rotor disks pairwise connected by electrically conductive hollow cylinders mounted on the rotation shaft by rigidly dielectric circles, and the periphery of the extreme disks through the same cylinders, electrically conductive circles mounted on the electrically conductive bushings of the ends of the common rotation shaft, and roller bearings, respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of an external constant voltage source.

Figure 1 and 2 shows, respectively, longitudinal and transverse sections of the proposed CM. They adopted the following notation:

1 - electrically conductive sleeve, 2 - extreme conductive roller bearing, 3 - common rotation shaft with insulation, 4 - electrically conductive circle, 5 - disk-shaped magnetic circuit, 6 - electrically conductive hollow cylinder, 7 - rotor disk, 8 - electric conductor, 9 - medium conductive roller bearing, 10 - dielectric circle, 11 - hub of the rotor disk, 12 - ball bearing.

As can be seen from figure 1, the hollow cylindrical permanent magnets 5 of the stator are mounted on a common shaft of rotation 3 by means of ball bearings 12 with poles of corresponding identical polarities to each other alternately. In the figures, the directions of the currents in the disks i _i and the rotor rotation are shown during operation of the PA in engine mode.

The proposed multi-disk DC amplifier without sliding contacts can operate in both main modes.

In generator mode, it works in the following order. When the rotor of the AM rotor is rotated by an external motor counterclockwise opposite the angular velocity ω indicated in the figures, ω, in the electrically conductive disks of the rotor 7 in the radial direction, opposite to the currents i _I indicated in FIG. 1, EMF is induced in accordance with electromagnetic induction, since while they rotate in the constant magnetic fields of the stator, which, when summed up, create the resulting constant voltage = U on the electrical output of the UM. If, at the same time, a certain load is connected to the indicated terminals, then the sectors of the rotor disks 7 in the radial direction, the electrically conductive hollow cylinders 6, electrical conductors 8, roller bearings 2 and 7 and the load will flow current - i _I , opposite to the currents indicated in figure 1.

In motor mode, the proposed PA operates as follows. When connecting the electrical terminals PA to the external DC voltage source = U current i _I flows from the positive terminal through the extreme elektoroprovodyaschy roller bearing 2, the bushing 1, the circle 4, and a hollow cylinder 6 by the first disk rotor 7 in the radial direction from the periphery to the center . Next, the current will flow through the middle electrically conductive roller bearing 9, the electrical conductors 8, the next same bearing 9 to the next disk 7 and through its sectors, the next hollow cylinder 6 - to the periphery of the next disk 7. In the future, in the same order, the current i _will reach to the negative terminal of the external voltage source. In this case, the currents flowing along the sectors of the disks 7 from their edges to the centers, from the centers to the edges, will interact with the constant magnetic fields existing between the corresponding end surfaces of the stator 5 magnetic circuits, and the common shaft will begin to rotate clockwise with a nominal speed ω, as this is shown in the figures.

Information sources

1. Bertinov A.I. et al. Unipolar El. machines with liquid metal current collectors. - M.-L.: Energy, 1966.

2. Bertinov A.I. Special electric cars. - M .: Energy, 1982.

3. Herod I.A. Electromagnetism. - M .: Binom, 2003.

4. Kalashnikov S.G. Electricity. - M.: Science, 1985.

5. Kopylov I.P. Electric cars. - M .: Electroatomizdat, 1986.

Claims (1)

A multi-disc unipolar DC motor (UM) without sliding contacts, consisting of a stator and a rotor, separated by air gaps, made in the form of sequentially installed UM DC with disk rotors on a common rotation shaft, characterized in that the stationary magnetic a system consisting of several hollow cylindrical bearings mounted one after another on a common insulated shaft of rotation of permanent magnets, the continuation of the poles of which are disk-shaped magnetic, with round grooves of larger and holes of smaller diameters in their midpoints, magnetic cores, the end surfaces of which are symmetrically located on both sides of the rotating rotor disks, and several, electrically connected in series rotating disks mounted on the outer surfaces of hollow cylindrical stator magnets serve as a rotor by means of electrically conductive roller bearings, the inner nearest and stationary clips of which are pairwise interconnected by electrical conductors, one through the hole of the corresponding adjacent magnetic circuits, the periphery of the middle rotor disks pairwise connected by electrically conductive hollow cylinders mounted on the rotation shaft by rigidly dielectric circles, and the periphery of the extreme disks through the same cylinders, electrically conductive circles, mounted on the electrically conductive bushings of the ends of the common rotation shaft, and roller bearings respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of an external constant voltage source.

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