RU2420760C2 - Evaluation method of radio countermeasure efficiency of signal of satellite communication by interference influence on receiving systems of retranslators, and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.

SUBSTANCE: objective control of radio countermeasure efficiency is provided by availability of two transmission circuits of satellite communication signals and interference: of the first circuit - "ground satellite communication system - SV (space vehicle) - ground satellite communication system" or "ground satellite communication system - SV - system of interference of satellite communication" and the second circuit - "system of interference of satellite communication - SV - system of interference of satellite communication" or "system of interference of satellite communication - SV - ground satellite communication system". In system of interference of satellite communication it is possible to observe in SV-Earth direction the satellite communication signals chosen for suppression at absent interference and cumulative interference and joint signals at impact of interference. At that, in radar surveillance equipment of system of interference of satellite communication there measured is level of power and carrying (central) frequency of received satellite communication signals in SV-Earth direction. As per measured parametres there measured is ratio of powers of interference signal and power of satellite communication signal and mismatch of frequency between satellite communication signal and interference signal, and results of those calculations serve as data for evaluation of efficiency of radio countermeasure.

EFFECT: improving evaluation efficiency of radio countermeasure of satellite communication.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, and in particular to the field of methods and systems for evaluating the effectiveness of radio suppression of satellite communication lines.

A sufficient number of information sources are known from the prior art regarding issues of radio monitoring and radio suppression of satellite communication lines (see, for example, patents RU 2316899, RU 2123238, US 4103237). However, no sources of information regarding the method and device for the objective monitoring of the effectiveness of radio suppression of satellite communication lines have been identified.

The objective of the invention is to increase the radio jamming efficiency of satellite communication lines when exposed to interference interference-frequency interference at the input of the receiver system of the onboard transponder in the Earth-KA direction by adapting satellite jamming stations to changes in the electronic environment during radio jamming due to the objective effectiveness monitoring at the jamming station radio suppression.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for the objective monitoring of the effectiveness of radio suppression of satellite communication lines when exposed to interference-frequency interference at the input of the receiver system of the onboard transponder in the Earth-KA direction and the technical device that implements it, as well as to evaluate factors affecting the accuracy of the resulting performance assessment radio suppression.

The specified objective and purpose of the claimed group of inventions is achieved by the fact that the method of evaluating the effectiveness of radio suppression of a satellite signal when exposed to interference at the input of the receiving system of the relay, is that:

- measure using a satellite jamming station the carrier (central) frequency and power level of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference,

- based on these data, the power ratio and the mismatch of the carrier (central) frequency of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference are calculated,

- compare the obtained value of the detuning of the carrier (central) frequency with an acceptable value of the detuning of the carrier (central) frequency and, if the obtained value of the detuning exceeds the permissible, decide on adjusting the frequency of the satellite signal when exposed to interference,

- compare the obtained value of the ratio of the power of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference with an acceptable value of the indicated powers, and according to the results of comparison with an acceptable value, evaluate the radio interference suppression of the satellite signal when exposed to interference at the input of the relay receiving system.

The device for evaluating the effectiveness of radio suppression of a satellite signal when exposed to interference at the input of the receiving system of the repeater contains a series-connected receiving antenna system, a switch, a receiving system, an intermediate frequency unit, a signal frequency meter, a calculator and an indicator, while the second inputs of the switch, receiving system and frequency meter signals are connected to the fifth, sixth and seventh outputs of the control device, respectively, the second output of the computer is connected to the input of the device the output of the reference (calibrated) signal generator is connected to the third input of the switch, the input of the reference (calibration) signal generator is connected to the first output of the calculator, the first input of the signal power meter is connected to the first output of the intermediate frequency unit, and its second input to the first output of the control device , the output of the signal power meter is connected to the second input of the calculator, the second output of the control device is connected to the third input of the calculator, the third output of the control device is connected to the odor generating unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the transmitting system, the second input of which is connected to the fourth output of the control device, and the output of the transmitting system with the input of the transmitting antenna system, while the control device is designed to provide synchronous operation of the switch, receiving system, frequency meter signals, a signal power meter, a computer, an interference generating unit, and a transmitting system, and the computer is designed to determine, based on the received measurement results the rhenium of the power levels and frequencies of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference, the ratio of the interference power to the signal power, the frequency difference of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference, and the assessment of the effectiveness of radio suppression, based on these data, by comparison with threshold values.

The features and essence of the invention are explained in the following detailed description, illustrated by the drawings, which show the following:

Figure 1 is a diagram of an implementation of a method for objective monitoring of radio interference suppression of satellite communication lines by means of deliberate interference from ground stations on the receiving systems of satellite relay stations;

Figure 2 - graphical dependence of R _OSH = f (R _p / R _s ) when radio noise suppression direct noise interference satellite communication lines that use for the organization of the FMN and OFNm signals;

Figure 3 - graphical dependence of the probability of error on the error in determining the ratio of noise-signal;

Figure 4 - graphical dependence of the probability of error on the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the receiving system of interference stations;

Figure 5 - graphical dependence of the probability of error on the magnitude of the specified relative frequency detuning at the input of the receiving system of interference stations;

6 is a structural diagram of a device for implementing objective control of the radio interference suppression of satellite communication lines;

7 is a functioning algorithm of a control device based on a microprocessor.

Under the existing restrictions on the energy potential and the number of satellite communications (SPS) jamming stations (SPs), the greatest effect of radio-electronic suppression (REB) is achieved when impacted by frequency-targeted interference at the input of the receiver system of the on-board relay (BRTR) installed on the satellite. Achieving the maximum number of suppressed, with a given efficiency, satellite communication lines is possible only if the interference means are adapted to the current conditions of the electronic environment, the implementation of which is possible only if objective monitoring of the effectiveness of radio suppression is implemented.

This possibility is provided by the presence of two satellite signal transmission loops and interference:

the first loop is “satellite communications earth station - KA - satellite communications earth station” or “satellite communications earth station - KA - satellite communications jamming station” and the second - “satellite communications jamming station - SC - satellite jamming station” or “jamming station satellite communications satellite - satellite earth station. "

At the same time, at a satellite communications jamming station, it is possible to observe (on the KA-Earth direction) the satellite signals selected for suppression in the absence of interference and the total interference and communication signals when exposed to interference. At the same time, the radio reconnaissance equipment of a satellite communications jamming station has the ability to measure the power level and the carrier (central) frequency of the received satellite communications in the KA-Earth direction. Based on the measurement of these parameters, the ratio of the power of the interfering signal and the power of the satellite signal and the frequency mismatch between the satellite signal and the interfering signal are calculated, and the results of these calculations serve as data for an objective assessment of the effectiveness of radio suppression.

It should be noted that with radio suppression of other types of communication (other than satellite), there is no such possibility of objective monitoring of the effectiveness of radio suppression. Monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression of such radio communications is carried out indirectly by detecting the presence (absence) of radiation from a connected signal.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of an implementation of the method of objective monitoring of radio interference suppression of satellite communication lines by exposure to deliberate interference from ground stations on the receiving systems of satellite transponders.

In the absence of intentional interference (stage I), the connected signal S (t) is emitted by satellite earth station (ST) of satellite communication No. 1 in the direction of the relay satellite (see Fig. 1). On the received satellite-relay, the connected signal S '(t), attenuated on the propagation path, superimposed noise of the receiving system of the relay η _ptr (t). In the repeater, an additive mixture of the connected signal and noise of the receiving system of the repeater is transferred to the transmission frequency range, then amplified, forming the output signal of the repeater:

The output signal is emitted by the repeater satellite in the direction of the Earth, where it is simultaneously received by the satellite communication satellite No. 2 and the jamming station. In this case, the noise of the receiving systems of the satellite communication satellite systems No. 2 η _ss (t) or the jamming station η _cn (t), respectively, are superimposed on the connected signal of the relay S '' _rtr (t), attenuated on the propagation path. At the stage of creating interference (stage II), the interference station emits a frequency-targeted and spectrum-matched interference signal Z (t) in the direction of the repeater satellite. This interfering signal together with the connected signal and the noise of the repeater is fed to the input of the receiving system of the relay Z '(t). After these transformations, an output total signal is generated in the repeater, which, in addition to the connected and noise components, also contains an interference component:

The output total signal of the repeater is emitted in the direction of the Earth, where it is also simultaneously received by the satellite communications satellite No. 2 and the jamming station. At the same time, the noise of the receiving systems of the satellite communication satellite communication system or the jamming station, respectively, is superimposed on the signal of the repeater S '' _{c + p rtr} (t). An analysis of the ratios of the input total signals of the ES and the interference station shows that at the first and second stages they differ by the value of the interference component, and at the input of the ES and SP they differ only in the amount of intrinsic noise. Therefore, by measuring the corresponding parameters of the total input signals in the absence and under the influence of interference in the SP, it is possible to determine the indicators that determine the effectiveness of the signal suppression by interference in the SPS ATP.

In case of RPs of ATP lines transmitting digital messages, from a practical point of view, the most convenient and obvious quantitative measure of evaluating the effectiveness of RPs is an indicator - the probability of an erroneous reception of an elementary packet when receiving element-wise reception or a code combination when receiving a whole R _{osap (kk)} . The choice of this RP performance indicator is due to the fact that, on the one hand, it is functionally related to a higher level performance indicator, in particular, to the average delay time of a message transmitted in the ATP line T _cf = f (P _OS ). On the other hand, for this type of coherent interference signal, and the probability of erroneous reception is a function of the ratio of the interference signal at the input of AP ATP _oui F = f (P _n / P _c).

The use of the interference-signal ratio as an indicator of efficiency is justified from a practical point of view, since this indicator can be determined in the SP by measuring the corresponding parameters of the total input signal in the absence and under the influence of interference. Depending on the conditions of the REO and the solved tasks of the REP (full RP of the ATP line or simulating failures and malfunctions in the ATP line), the average message delay time in the ATP line (T _{cf ass} ) can be set, for which the corresponding required value of the probability of erroneous reception can be determined ( R _{osh tr} ). In turn, for the required probability of erroneous reception and certain types and parameters of signals of the ATP lines and interference, it is possible to determine the required interference-signal ratio (R _p / R _s ) _tr . Thus, in practice, in order to monitor the effectiveness of radio suppression in most practical cases, it is sufficient to determine (measure) the interference-signal ratio in the RP line of the ATP (P _p / P _s ) and compare it with a threshold value (P _p / P _s ) ≥ (P _s / R _s ) _tr .

Determination of the noise-signal ratio at the input of the receiver system of the ATP ATP, with reference to the typical conditions for organizing the last and RP of one SPS line, an interference frequency-targeted interference is as follows.

In the absence and under the influence of interference, the total signal at the input of the receiving system of the ZS SpS (SP) system is described, respectively, by the system of equations:

where Р _∑с is the total power of the connected signal at the input of the receiver system in the absence of interference;

P _with - the power of the connected signal at the input of the receiving system ZS SpS (SP);

P _{∑c + n} is the total power of the interference and the connected signal at the input of the receiving system of the AP SPS (SP) under the influence of interference;

R _p - the interference power at the input of the receiving system ZS SpS (SP);

Р _∑ш - total noise power;

The total noise power is determined in accordance with the expression

where R _{w br} - the noise power of the receiving system of the onboard transponder (BRTR) of the satellite;

R _{w ss (sp)} - power of the noise of the receiving system ZS SpS (SP);

R _KP - the power of the Raman noise arising in the BRTR satellite operating in a multi-signal mode.

The indicated relations at the inputs of the receiving systems of the ZS ATP and SP are distinguished by the noise power of the receiving systems of the latter.

From the system of equations (3), the interference-signal ratio at the input of the receiver system of the SP (ZS SpS) is determined:

The components Р _Рс and Р _{∑с + п of the} signal of the suppressed ATP line included in expression (5) can be measured on a SP in the absence of interference and under the influence of interference. It is not directly possible to measure the component P _{∑sh of the} signal of the suppressed ATP line on an SP due to the presence of a connected signal.

When implementing multiple access to a satellite repeater with frequency division of channels and the presence of protective intervals between relayed signals, the total noise power in the absence of interference can be measured in the protective interval adjacent to the signal being suppressed. The total noise power measured in this case is almost equivalent to the total noise power in the band of the suppressed signal.

When implementing multiple access to a satellite repeater with time or code (using phase-code-manipulated signals) signal separation or in the absence of protective intervals between relayed signals and in the presence of a connected signal (s), it is not possible to measure the total noise power. In this case, it is possible to measure the total noise power at the preparation stage when the repeater is in silent mode (without relaying the connected signals).

It should be noted that when implementing multi-station access to a satellite repeater with time or code division of signals included in expression (4), the third term is equal to zero or approaches it.

If it is not possible to measure the total noise power of the BRTR satellite and the SPS ATP, it is possible to determine it theoretically in accordance with expression (4), in which the first and second terms (R _{w br} and R _{w ss} ) are determined in accordance with the expression:

where k is the Boltzmann constant;

Т _{∑ш бр (зс)} - total noise temperature of the satellite’s BRTR (ЗС SpS);

Δf _s is the spectrum width of the connected signal.

If it is not possible to measure or determine theoretically the total noise power of the BRTR satellite and the SPS ATP, an error arises in determining the noise-signal ratio, which in the worst case (with a signal-to-noise ratio in the SPS line of about 7 dB and with a ratio interference signal of the order of 0 dB) can be underestimated by approximately 0.83 dB.

In the case of RP lines of ATP using signals for the organization of FMN and OFMn communication, by direct noise interference, the dependence of the probability of error on the interference-signal ratio has the form:

Figure 2 shows a graph of P _err = f (P _p / P _s) at RP pryamoshumovoy hindrance ATP lines for communication using FSK and DPSK signals, where 1 and 2 - Graphic dependence constructed taking into account all the components included in the expression (5), 3 and 4 are graphical dependencies constructed without taking into account the component P _∑ш .

The analysis of these dependences shows that at large values of P _p / P _s (when P _osh ≥0.1) the influence of the component P _o on P _{osh is} insignificant.

As the calculations show, the component P _{ш ss (cn)} included in the expression for P _∑sh is a value of the order of (0.05 ... 0.2) · P _ееsh , and therefore its effect on P _osh can be neglected.

Another factor affecting the reliability of the determination of _Rsh is the accuracy (error) of the determination (measurement) of the components included in expression (5) and determining the signal-to-noise ratio (Δ). Given the presence of an error in determining the interference-signal ratio, the expression for the resulting error probability will have the following form:

Figure 3 shows the graphical dependence of the probability of error on the error in determining the noise-signal ratio, where 1 and 2 are the lines that limit the area of change of the probability of error in the case of direct noise interference of the FSK signal, 3 and 4 are the lines that limit the area in the case of RP OFS signals. The upper curves correspond to the presence of an error in determining the interference-signal ratio with a plus sign, the lower ones - with a minus sign.

An analysis of the obtained dependences shows that the error probability with an increase in the error in determining the interference-signal ratio increases or decreases, depending on the sign of the error, and if the error has a plus sign, then the error in determining the probability of an error increases, if the error has a minus sign, then the error in determining the probability errors are decreasing. The deviation of the probability of error from the true value, with an error with a plus sign, can reach: 35% with RP signals of FSK, 24% with RP of signals OFMn, with errors with a minus sign, 97% and 100% with RP of signals of FSK and OFM, respectively.

To determine the interference-signal ratio, it is necessary to measure the powers of several components of expression (5), which, in the general case, are random parameters that can be considered uncorrelated among themselves, at time intervals between their measurements, significantly exceeding the implementation time of the measured parameter.

Measurement errors are usually distributed according to the normal law. In this case, the variance of the measured parameter is calculated in accordance with the expression:

where N is the number of measured parameters;

- математическое ожидание производной определяемой величины по X_i параметру;

- the mathematical expectation of the derivative of the determined quantity with respect to the X _i parameter;

- дисперсия изменения X_i параметра.

- variance of the change in X _i parameter.

When measuring the power of these components, it is most convenient to use a relative estimate of the amplitude, when used as a measured quantity, a minimum of measurement error is achieved.

In accordance with expression (3), to determine the signal-to-noise ratio, it is advisable to measure the signal power with respect to the total noise power and the total signal power and interference relative to the total noise power. In the calculations, we take the mathematical expectation of the signal-to-noise ratio

.and mathematical expectation of the signal-to-noise ratio

.

Then

- дисперсия измерения отношения сигнал-шум;Where

- variance of the measurement of signal-to-noise ratio;

- дисперсия измерения отношения суммарной мощности сигнала и помехи к суммарной мощности шумов.

- the variance of the measurement of the ratio of the total signal power and interference to the total noise power.

When measuring the relative amplitude of the signals (A) with a random initial phase, the variance of the estimate is determined in accordance with the expression [7]

where α is the coefficient of proportionality, depending on the shape of the envelope of the measured signal (for a rectangular radio pulse, α = 1.414, for a radio pulse of a Gaussian shape, α = 1,059).

получимSubstituting (9) into (8) and accepting

we get

This expression allows us to evaluate the potential accuracy of determining the signal-to-noise ratio.

Figure 4 shows the dependences of the probability of error on the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the SP receiving system, where 1 and 2 are the curves limiting the region of variation of the probability of error in the case of direct noise interference of the FSK signal, 4 and 5 are curves limiting the region of variation of the probability of error at RP direct noise interference OFMn signal, 3 and 6 - curves that limit the area of change of the probability of error in RP direct noise interference in the absence of an error in determining the noise-signal ratio for RP FMN and OFMn signals. In this case, the upper curves correspond to the presence of an error in determining the interference-signal ratio with a plus sign, and the lower ones with a minus sign.

An analysis of the obtained dependences shows that with an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio, regardless of the sign of the error in determining the noise-signal ratio, the probability of an error in receiving an elementary message approaches the true value.

Another factor affecting the reliability of the determination of R _OS is the accuracy of combining interference and signal frequency. Due to the inaccuracy of combining the signal and the interference in frequency, the real noise-to-signal ratio may be less than the ratio determined in accordance with expression (3), and the probability of error is overestimated. In this case, the attenuation coefficient of the interference power, due to the presence of a detuning of the carrier frequency of the interference (δf _p ) relative to the center frequency of the receiving system of the AP SPS (SP) (f _o ), is determined in accordance with the expression

where S _p (f), S _p (f ± δf) is the frequency spectrum of the interference in the absence and presence of a frequency detuning;

- квадрат модуля передаточной характеристики приемной системы ЗС СпС (СП).

- the square of the module of the transfer characteristic of the receiving system ZS SpS (SP).

Given the assumption that the RP of the ATP lines is carried out by direct noise interference, the frequency spectrum of which has the form:

where f _p is the carrier frequency of the interference;

Δf _p - the width of the interference spectrum,

and the square of the module of the transfer characteristic of the receiving system ZS ATP (SP) can be determined in accordance with the expression

where f _about - the Central frequency of the receiving system of the AP ATP (SP);

Δf _pp is the passband of the receiving system of the ZS SpS (SP) system.

The probability of erroneous reception, taking into account the presence of a frequency detuning interference, is determined in accordance with the expression

и

соответственно, 3 и 4 - при РП ОФМн сигнала прямошумовой помехой при

и

соответственно.Figure 5 shows graphical dependences of the probability of error on the magnitude of the indicated relative frequency detuning at the input of the receiving system SP, where 1 and 2 are the curves of the probability of error on the magnitude of the indicated relative frequency detuning at the input of the receiving system when the signal

and

respectively, 3 and 4 - when RP RPMn signal direct noise interference at

and

respectively.

An analysis of the obtained dependences shows that with an increase in the relative frequency detuning, the probability of erroneous reception decreases relative to the true value. With small noise-to-signal ratios (of the order of 1) and relative frequency detunings of 0.4 (for RP FMn), 0.3 (for RP OFMn) and more, the reduction in the probability of erroneous reception relative to the true value is more than 1%. With large noise-to-signal ratios (of the order of 10), the same reduction in the probability of erroneous reception is achieved at relative detuning frequencies of 0.85 (for RP RPMn), 0.7 (for RP RPMn) and more.

The method of objective monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression of satellite communication lines when exposed to interference-frequency interference at the input of the receiving system of the relay with direct transfer of the spectrum of signals is as follows:

- measurement of the parameters of the carrier (central) frequency and the power level of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and the total interference and communication signal under the influence of interference with the help of the radio intelligence equipment of the joint venture ATP;

- determining the necessary parameters of the signals and calculating the ratio of the power of the interfering signal to the power of the connected signal;

- comparison of the obtained value of the frequency detuning with an acceptable value and when it is exceeded the last decision is made to adjust the frequency of the interfering signal;

- comparing the obtained value of the ratio of the power of the interfering signal to the power of the connected signal with the required ratio of the powers of these signals for a given type of satellite communication signal and the corresponding type of interference;

- decision-making on the effectiveness of radio suppression.

The structural diagram of a device that implements this method of objective monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression of satellite communication lines is shown in Fig.6, containing the following blocks and symbols:

1 - receiving antenna system;

2 - transmitting antenna system;

3 - switch;

4 - receiving system;

5 - generator of reference (calibrated) signals;

6 - block intermediate frequency;

7 - signal power meter;

8 - signal frequency meter;

9 - control device;

10 - block interference generation;

11 - transmission system;

12 - computer;

13 - indicator.

The blocks used in the inventive device that implements a method for monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression of repeaters with direct transfer of the spectrum of signals can be implemented as follows.

The receiving antenna system 1 is designed to receive satellite communications signals emitted by the relay satellite, and provides the conversion of the electromagnetic energy of the signal into electrical energy. The receiving antenna system is a typical antenna of a satellite communications earth station, which, depending on the frequency range, can be made in the form of a parabolic antenna, spiral antenna or antenna array (see, for example, the Handbook of satellite communications and broadcasting, edited by L.Ya. Cantor, Moscow, Radio and Communications, 1983, 288 pp.).

The transmitting antenna system 2 is designed to emit interference signals by a repeater satellite and provides the conversion of the electrical energy of the interference signal into electromagnetic radiation. The transmitting antenna system is a typical antenna of an earth station in satellite communications, which, depending on the frequency range, can be made in the form of a parabolic antenna, spiral antenna or antenna array (see, for example. Handbook of satellite communications and broadcasting, edited by L. Ya. Cantor, Moscow, Radio and Communications, 1983, 288 pp.).

Switch 3 is designed to connect to the input of the receiving system, or the output of the receiving antenna system, or the output of the generator of reference (calibrated) signals, depending on the command received from the control device at its input. The switch can be implemented on the basis of switching semiconductor devices that are implemented at frequencies from tens of MHz to tens of GHz and switch powers from units of kW or more (see, for example, A. Vaysblat, Microwave Switching Devices on Semiconductor Diodes, Moscow, Radio and Svyaz, 1987, 120 pp. - (Mass library of the engineer "Electronics"), p.3, p.82, fig.3.6, p.85, fig.3.10, p.88, fig.3.15).

The receiving system 4 is designed to receive satellite signals or a reference calibration signal, and provides amplification of weak satellite signals to the level necessary for the normal operation of power meters, and the frequency and its separation of the received signal from the entire spectrum from the entire frequency range of the receiving system and is typical radio receiving unit. The receiving system is a low-noise amplifier and a superheterodyne receiver connected in series (see, for example, Handbook of Satellite Communications and Broadcasting, edited by L.Ya. Kantor, Moscow, Radio and Communications, 1983, 288 pp.).

The generator of reference (calibrated) signals 5 is intended for generating reference signals of calibrated power at the frequencies of satellite signals reception. The generator of reference (calibrated) signals is an electronic generator of a sinusoidal signal of fixed (calibrated) power and is a typical measuring generator.

The intermediate frequency unit 6 is designed to transfer the spectrum of the received signal into the range of operation of power and frequency meters, respectively. If the operating frequency range of the power and frequency meters is different, then the intermediate frequency unit contains two frequency conversion channels, otherwise the conversion channel is common. Each frequency conversion channel consists of a mixer, a frequency stand generator and a band-pass filter, which are of a typical design.

The signal power meter 7 is designed to measure the relative power level of the received signals. As a power meter, measuring receivers or analyzers used to measure the power flux density can be used (see, for example, Radio Monitoring Handbook, International Telecommunication Union. Radiocommunication Bureau, 2002).

The signal frequency meter 8 is designed to measure the carrier (central) frequency of the satellite signal and the frequency of the total connected and interfering signal. To measure the carrier (central) frequency, methods and devices for measuring frequency implemented at international monitoring stations can be applied (see, for example, Radio Monitoring Handbook, International Telecommunication Union. Radiocommunication Bureau, 2002).

The control device 9 is designed to provide synchronous operation of the elements that make up the system. The control device can be performed on the basis of a microprocessor that implements the algorithm for the functioning of the system shown in Fig.7.

Block interference generation 10 provides the formation of those types and parameters of interference signals, which should create an interference station satellite communications. Interference generation can be implemented on the basis of both a generator method of interference generation and digital. Such jamming units are typical and are part of the existing satellite communications jamming stations RP-379D, RP-379S and R-330Zh.

The transmitting system 11 is designed to transfer the spectrum of interfering signals into the operating frequency range of the interference station and its amplification to the desired level. The transmission system from the point of view of technical implementation is similar to the transmission system of an earth station in satellite communications (see, for example. Handbook of satellite communications and broadcasting, edited by L.Ya. Kantora, Moscow, Radio and Communications, 1983, 288 pp.).

The calculator 12 is designed to determine (based on the obtained results of measuring the power levels and frequency of the signals) the ratio of the interference power to the power in accordance with expression (5), the frequency difference of the connected and total connected and interference signals, and to evaluate the effectiveness of radio suppression, based on these data, by comparing with thresholds. The computer as a technical device can be implemented on the basis of a microprocessor that provides the calculation of these values.

The indicator 13 is designed to display the measurement results and determine the effectiveness of radio suppression and is a typical indicator device.

Thus, the implementation of the inventive system is not in doubt, since for its creation typical radio engineering devices, functionally complete nodes and elements of digital technology are used.

The system operates in a given section of the operating frequency range in two modes: "Calibration" and "Monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression" and works as follows (see Fig.7).

1. The "Calibration" mode.

At the beginning, by the command of the control device 9, all elements of the system are set to their initial state. At the command of the control device, received at the 2 input to the switch 3, the output of the receiving antenna 1 is connected to the 1 input of the receiving system 4, and a command is received at the input 2 of the receiving system to start receiving a satellite signal. The satellite signal received by the antenna is fed to 1 input of the switch, and from it to 1 input of the receiving system. From the output of the receiving system, the selected and amplified satellite signal is fed to the input of the intermediate frequency unit 6, which transfers it in frequency to the operating frequency range of power meters 7 and frequency 8. From the input of the intermediate frequency unit, the received satellite signal is fed to 1 input of the frequency meter 8 , which measures the carrier (central) frequency of the received signal, and the frequency measurement result is fed to 1 input of the calculator 12. From the 3 output of the calculator, the frequency measurement result is sent to the indicator 13 torr, where the measured value is displayed frequency of the received satellite signal. From the 2 output of the calculator 12, the control unit 9 receives the signal to end the measurement of the frequency of the received signal, and from the 1 output of the calculator 12 the code value of the carrier (central) frequency of the received satellite signal is received to the generator of the standard (calibrated) signals 5. When the signal for measuring the frequency of the satellite signal arrives at the control device 9, it generates a command that arrives at the 2 input of the switch 3 to disconnect the receiving antenna at 1 input and connect 3 inputs of the generator of reference (calibrated) signals 5 to the receiving device. The reference signal generator generates a calibrated power signal at a given frequency, which is fed through 3 input of the switch to 1 input of the receiving system 4 and after corresponding processing is fed to 1 input of the frequency conversion unit 6. From output 1, the received signal is fed to 1 input of the power meter 7, and from output 2 to 1, the input of the frequency meter 8. Based on the measurement of the power level of the reference signal, its value is fixed and the receiving path and power meter are calibrated. Based on the measured value of the frequency of the reference signal, the error in measuring the frequency is determined as the difference between the set frequency on the generator of the reference signal. From the outputs of the frequency meters 8 and power 7 measured by the value of these parameters of the reference signal are fed to 1 and 2 inputs of the calculator 12, respectively. The signal from the end of the measurement of the power and frequency of the reference signal is fed from the 2 outputs of the calculator to the control device.

2. The mode "Monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression" includes two stages.

At the first stage, the parameters of the satellite communication signal are measured in the absence of intentional interference. In this case, the control device 9 issues a command to the switch 3 to connect the receiving antenna 1 to the receiving system 4 and transferring it to the reception mode of satellite communication signals. Upon receipt of this command, the switch 3 connects the output of the receiving antenna system 1 to the input of the receiving system 4, and the receiving system is put into satellite signal reception mode.

The satellite communication signal emitted by the repeater satellite is received by the receiving antenna 1, from where it is fed through the switch 3 to the receiving system 4. From the output of the receiving system, the extracted and amplified total signal is fed to the input of the intermediate frequency unit 6, which transfers it in frequency to the operating range frequencies of power meters 7 and frequency 8. From output 1, the received signal goes to 1 input of power meter 7, and from output 2 to 1 input of frequency meter 8. By command from control device 9 to 2 input of meter I power 7, measured the power level of the satellite signal relative to the previously recorded power level of the reference signal, and the result of this measurement is fed to 2 input of the calculator 12, where the power value of this signal is stored. By the command from the control device 9 to the 2 input of the frequency meter 8, the frequency of the satellite signal is measured, and the result of this measurement is fed to 1 input of the calculator 12, where the frequency value of this signal is stored. Upon completion of the measurements of the power and frequency of the satellite signal and storing the measurement results, the calculator 12 gives to the control device 9 a signal about the end of the measurement of signal parameters.

, а на основе ранее измеренного значения частоты сигнала спутниковой связи и измеренного значения частоты суммарного помехового и связного сигнала определяется расстройка частоты этих сигналов (Δf_рс). Далее в вычислителе 12 сравнивается значение расстройки частоты спутниковой связи и суммарного помехового и связного сигнала с допустимым значением расстройки частоты (Δf_рд). Если она окажется больше допустимой, вычислитель 12 выдает команду устройству управления 9 на подстройку частоты помехового сигнала. Устройство управления 9 выдает команду блоку формирования помех 10 на соответствующую подстройку частоты помехи и весь процесс контроля эффективности радиоподавления повторяется вновь. В противном случае в вычислителе 12 сравнивается вычисленное значение отношения мощности помехового сигнала к мощности связного сигнала с требуемым отношением мощностей этих сигналов для данного вида сигнала спутниковой связи и соответствующего ему вида помехи

. Если оно превысит требуемое значение, то принимается решение о том, что радиоподавление эффективно, а в противном случае принимается решение, что радиоподавление не эффективно. Результат такой оценки эффективности радиоподавления передается на индикатор 13, где он и отображается. Кроме того, вычислитель 12, после окончания принятия решения об эффективности радиоподавления и отображении этих результатов выдает на устройство управления 9 команду окончания проведения оценки эффективности. Результат проведенной оценки эффективности отображается на индикаторе. В том случае, если время окончания создания помехи не истекло, устройство управления 9 выдает команду на повторение всего режима «Контроля эффективности радиоподавления». При этом устройство управления выдает на блок формирования помехового сигнала команду на снятие помехового сигнала для измерения параметров связного сигнала. После кратковременного снятия помехового сигнала вся процедура контроля эффективности радиоподавления повторяется вновь. Если время создания помехи истекло, то процесс радиоподавления завершается.At the second stage, the parameters of the total interfering and connected signal are measured under the influence of intentional interference, and based on the measurements taken, a decision is made on the effectiveness of radio suppression. In this case, the control device 9 issues a command to start generating and emitting an interfering signal. After receiving from the output 3 of the control device 9 commands, the jamming unit 10 provides the formation of specified types and parameters of jamming signals. Formed by the block generating interference 10, the interference signal is fed to 1 input of the transmitting system 11, and its 2 input receives a command from the control device 9 to start the emission of the interference signal. By this command, the transmitting system 11 transfers the previously generated interfering signal to the frequency of the interfering radiation and amplifies the interfering signal to the desired level. From the output of the transmitting system 11, a fully formed interfering signal is supplied to the transmitting antenna system 2, which emits the interfering signal in the direction of the satellite-relay. After a delay of a time equal to the propagation time of the interfering signal to the satellite and vice versa, the control device 9 issues a command to start receiving a signal at the 2 input of the receiving system 4. When this command is received, the receiving system is put into satellite signal reception mode. The total connected and interfering signal emitted by the suppressed satellite-relay is received by the receiving antenna 1, from where it is fed through the switch 3 to the receiving system 4, and a command to receive the total interfering and connected signal is received from the control device 9 to the 2 input of the receiving system. From the output of the receiving system, the extracted and amplified total signal is fed to the input of the intermediate frequency unit 6, which transfers it in frequency to the operating frequency range of power meters 7 and frequency 8. Power meter 7 measures the power level of the total interference and communication signal relative to the previously recorded reference power level signal, and the result of this measurement is fed to the input 2 of the calculator 12. Frequency meter 8 measures the frequency of the total interfering and connected signal, and the result of this measurement is falls on 1 input of the calculator 12. At the end of the power and frequency measurements of the total interfering signal, the calculator 12 transmits to the control device 9 a signal about the end of the measurement of the parameters of the total interfering and connected signal. The control device 9 issues a command to the calculator 12 to conduct calculations to evaluate the effectiveness of radio suppression. In the calculator 12, based on the previously measured value of the power of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and the measured value of the power of the total interference and communication signal in accordance with expression (5) calculates the ratio of the interference power to the power of the satellite signal

and, based on the previously measured value of the frequency of the satellite signal and the measured value of the frequency of the total interfering and connected signal, the frequency detuning of these signals (Δf _pc ) is determined. Next, the calculator 12 compares the value of the frequency detuning of satellite communications and the total interference and communication signal with a valid value of the frequency detuning (Δf _rd ). If it turns out to be more than acceptable, the calculator 12 issues a command to the control device 9 to adjust the frequency of the interfering signal. The control device 9 issues a command to the jamming unit 10 to adjust the interference frequency accordingly, and the entire process of monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression is repeated again. Otherwise, the calculator 12 compares the calculated value of the ratio of the power of the interfering signal to the power of the connected signal with the required ratio of the power of these signals for a given type of satellite signal and the corresponding type of interference

. If it exceeds the required value, then a decision is made that the radio cancellation is effective, and otherwise, a decision is made that the radio cancellation is not effective. The result of such an assessment of the effectiveness of radio suppression is transmitted to the indicator 13, where it is displayed. In addition, the calculator 12, after the decision is made on the effectiveness of radio suppression and the display of these results, issues to the control device 9 a command to complete the performance evaluation. The result of the performance evaluation is displayed on the indicator. In the event that the end time for the generation of interference has not expired, the control device 9 issues a command to repeat the entire mode of "Monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression". In this case, the control device issues a command to the formation of the interfering signal to remove the interfering signal to measure the parameters of the connected signal. After a brief removal of the interfering signal, the entire procedure for monitoring the effectiveness of radio suppression is repeated again. If the interference time has expired, the radio cancellation process ends.

Industrial applicability. The present invention can be applied in the field of radio engineering to control the radio jamming efficiency of satellite communication lines.

The analysis made it possible to establish: analogues with a set of features identical to all the features of the claimed invention are absent, which indicates the conformity of the claimed method and device for the objective control of the radio interference suppression of satellite communication lines by means of deliberate interference on the receiving systems of transmitters with direct transfer of the signal spectrum to the patentability condition novelty".

The search results for known solutions in order to identify signs that match the features of the claimed invention have shown that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

Claims (2)

1. The method of evaluating the effectiveness of radio suppression of a satellite signal when exposed to interference at the input of the receiving system of the repeater, which consists in the fact that
using a satellite communications jamming station, measure the carrier (central) frequency and power level of the satellite communications signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference,
based on these data, the power ratio and the mismatch of the carrier (central) frequency of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference are calculated,
comparing the obtained value of the detuning of the carrier (central) frequency with an acceptable value of the detuning of the carrier (central) frequency and, if the obtained value of the detuning exceeds the permissible, decide on adjusting the frequency of the satellite signal when exposed to interference,
comparing the obtained value of the ratio of the power of the satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference with an acceptable value of the indicated powers and by comparing the results with an acceptable value, evaluate the radio interference suppression of the satellite signal when exposed to interference at the input of the receiving system of the relay. 2. The device for evaluating the effectiveness of radio suppression of a satellite signal when exposed to interference at the input of the receiving system of the repeater contains a series-connected receiving antenna system, a switch, a receiving system, an intermediate frequency unit, a signal frequency meter, a calculator and an indicator, while the second inputs of the switch, receiving system and the signal frequency meter is connected to the fifth, sixth and seventh outputs of the control device, respectively, the second output of the calculator is connected to the input of the device board, the output of the reference (calibrated) signal generator is connected to the third input of the switch, the input of the reference (calibration) signal generator is connected to the first output of the calculator, the first input of the signal power meter is connected to the first output of the intermediate frequency unit, and its second input to the first output of the device control, the output of the signal power meter is connected to the second input of the calculator, the second output of the control device is connected to the third input of the calculator, the third output of the control device is connected the input of the jamming unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the transmitting system, the second input of which is connected to the fourth output of the control device, and the output of the transmitting system to the input of the transmitting antenna of the system, while the control device is designed to provide synchronous operation of the switch, receiving system, meter the frequency of the signals, the signal power meter, the calculator, the jamming unit and the transmitting system, and the calculator is designed to determine, based on the results measuring the power levels and frequencies of a satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference, the ratio of interference power to signal power, the frequency difference of a satellite signal in the absence of interference and when exposed to interference, and evaluating the effectiveness of radio suppression, based on these data, by comparison with threshold values.

Images