RU2379126C1 - Capstan-rotary screening unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: device contains classifying table and screening-distribution device, allowing common rotation axis, operating as upright guideline. Classifying table and screening- distribution device are implemented with ability of oscillations and rotation around common axis of rotation in both sides. Screening-distribution device is implemented in the form of rigidly connected to common rotation axis of whole body element with reference slots on side surface and located inside it separation component. Separation component corresponds to slider, installed with ability of sliding by mentioned upright guideline, and forming separation pass rods, located in reference slots of hollow body component and pivotally fixed on slider by its ends. Rods are fixed on slider with ability of its inclination changing relative to upright guideline during slider sliding and movement of it in reference slots. Classifying table is implemented as multilayer.

EFFECT: ability of improved productivity of classifying table ensured by simplification of cleaning of separation passage openings, reduction of mass-dimensional factors, providing of screening repetition and its improvement and effectiveness increase.

9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of separation of bulk materials by size of constituent components and can be used in utilities for sorting municipal solid waste into fractions, as well as in agriculture, food, mining, metallurgical and construction industries.

The prior art devices for the separation of bulk materials containing perforated surfaces, a hopper and receivers of separation products (Voronov I.G., Kozhukhovskiy I.E. et al. Cleaning and sorting of seeds. - M .: Gosizdat, 1959, p. 582).

The main disadvantage of the known devices is the low efficiency of the separation process due to clogging of perforations with passage particles.

A sorting assembly is also known from the prior art, comprising a sorting surface with a loading mechanism located above it with a controlled shutter for feeding portions of the separated material to a sorting surface equipped with a means for rotating it having a control, the sorting surface being made round in diameter with a diameter of not more than 1.5 meters or in the form of a ring with an inner diameter of at least one meter and an outer diameter not exceeding 30 meters (RU 57649 U1 of 10.27.2006).

A disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of manufacturing and commissioning equipment, large overall dimensions and not very accurate separation of fractions by size.

The closest device in terms of function and achieved result to the claimed technical solution according to the totality of features is a sorting unit including a housing, a receiving device separating a surface formed by conical rods, the diameter of which decreases in the direction of the common end of the separating surface, receivers of separation products (RU 2130341 from 05/20/1999).

A disadvantage of the known device is the lack of the ability to quickly control the size of the separated fractions, the efficient sorting unit only when using conical shaped rods, the manufacture of which is rather laborious, as well as the frequent clogging of the through holes and the laborious process of cleaning them.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a simple, reliable sorting unit, devoid of the above disadvantages.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the present invention is to increase the productivity of the sorting unit by simplifying the cleaning of the separation passage holes, reducing the overall dimensions, ensuring multiple sorting and increasing its quality and efficiency.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the turret-rotary sorting unit comprises a sorting table and a sorting and distribution device having a common axis of rotation serving as a vertical guide. New, according to the invention, is that the sorting table and sorting and distribution device are made with the possibility of oscillation and rotation around a common axis of rotation in both directions. The sorting and distribution device is made in the form of a hollow body element rigidly connected to the common axis of rotation with guide grooves on the side surface and a separation element located inside it, which is a slider mounted with the possibility of sliding along the said vertical guide, and rods forming separation passages located in guide grooves of the hollow body element and pivotally mounted on the slide with its ends. The rods are fixed on the slider with the possibility of changing the angle of its inclination relative to the vertical guide while sliding the slide and moving them in the guide grooves, while the sorting table is multilevel. The upper level of the sorting table is designed for unseparated fractions of material falling onto it from the sorting and distributing device, and the lower level of the sorting table is intended for fractions of material separated through the separation passages of the sorting and distributing device, and there are jobs for operators along the perimeter of the upper level of the sorting table sorters with the ability to separate unseparated material into fractions and fill them with stock storage bins, also located around the perimeter of the upper level of the sorting table. The upper level of the sorting table can be made toroidal in shape. Each level of the sorting table can be designed to collect and accumulate a separate fraction of the separated material and each storage and unloading hopper can be designed for a separate fraction of the separated material. An unloading window can be provided at the side or bottom of each level of the sorting table, through which this stage is unloaded during rotation due to the deflecting gate (guide screen). The number, shape and size of the rods and, accordingly, the separation passages can be different. Sorting table and sorting and distribution device can be equipped with vibro drives. The upper level of the sorting table may be inclined or horizontal or conical.

The implementation of the sorting and distributing device in the form of a hollow body element and a slider located inside it with pivotally fixed rods, one of the ends of which are freely mounted in the guide grooves of the hollow body element, can significantly increase the performance of the sorting unit by simplifying the cleaning of separation passages, since their passage section changes while raising or lowering the slider. Changing the angle of inclination of the rods leads to an improvement in the quality of separation and increase its efficiency. The implementation of the sorting table in two stages, as well as the general revolving-rotation scheme of the sorting unit, allows multiple sorting (which increases its quality and efficiency, allows sorting by one operator!) And helps to reduce overall dimensions, which also significantly affects the increase in productivity of the sorting unit.

The invention is further illustrated by a specific implementation example, where the revolving-rotary sorting unit is intended for sorting municipal solid waste. This example of implementation is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the possibility of achieving the above set of features of the required technical result.

The drawing schematically shows a General view of the sorting unit.

The turret-rotary sorting unit consists of two main parts - a sorting and distributing device and a sorting table.

All the main parts of the sorting unit rotate around a common axis of rotation serving as a vertical guide 1.

Sorting and distribution device contains a vertically mounted hollow housing element 2.

The hollow body element 2 can be made of any suitable sheet material and installed with the possibility of rotation clockwise and counterclockwise or oscillations around the vertical guide 1.

Inside the hollow body element 2 is a separation element.

The separation element is made of a slider 3 and rods 4.

The slider 3 is mounted on a vertical rail 1 with the possibility of sliding up and down.

The rods 4 are pivotally mounted on the slider 3 by the first ends. While the rods 4 are mounted on the slider 3 with the possibility of changing the angle of its inclination relative to the vertical guide 1 during sliding of the slider 3.

The rods 4 form separation passages, while the number, shape and size of the rods 4 and, accordingly, the separation passages can be different and depend on operating conditions and the quality of the separated material.

The second ends of the rods 4 are freely installed in the guide grooves 5 made on the side surface of the hollow body element 2.

When the slider 3 moves up or down along the vertical guide 1, the rods 4 change the angle of their inclination relative to the vertical guide 1, thereby “moving in” or “moving out” of the guide grooves 5, thereby changing the width of the separation passages between the rods 4, which leads to automatic cleaning of separation passages.

Slider 3 may occupy, depending on the mode of operation, the following positions:

- the first ends of the rods 4 will be above the second ends of the rods 4, forming a "hill", which will contribute to the displacement of the separated material to the periphery of the separation element;

- the first ends of the rods 4 will be below the second ends of the rods 4, forming a "hole", which will contribute to the displacement of the separated material to the center of the separation element;

- the rods 4 will be in a horizontal plane, which will contribute to an even distribution of the separated material inside the hollow body element 2.

To extract from the hollow body element 2 large unseparated fractions, closable windows (not shown) may be provided.

It should be noted that the separation element can be equipped with a vibrodrive and, obviously, be able to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise around the vertical rail 1 together with the hollow body element 2.

The vibratory drive and the rotation drive of the sorting and distribution device can be made of any known design, which is obvious to a specialist and is not the subject of this application.

The sorting table is designed for the final separation of the sorted material into fractions and the distribution of fractions among storage and unloading bins.

The sorting table is multilevel.

The lower level 6 of the sorting table is designed for small fractions of the material separated through the separation passages of the rods 4 of the sorting and distribution device.

Sorting and distributing device is located in such a way that all small fractions passing through the separation passages between the rods 4, fall on the lower level 6 of the sorting table.

For a more even distribution of small fractions at the lower level 6, it can have a vibrodrive.

It may also be possible to rotate the lower level 6, which, in some cases, facilitates its unloading.

To unload the lower level 6, an unloading window can be provided in its lower or lateral part, through which the lower level is unloaded during rotation due to the deflecting gate (guide screen).

Alternatively, the lower level 6 of the sorting table can be made in the form of a rotating disk, unloaded due to centrifugal forces.

After unloading the lower level 6 of the sorting table, the separated fine fractions enter the storage and unloading bins either directly or using, for example, conveyor belts (not shown).

The upper level 7 of the sorting table is made to rotate and is intended for unseparated fractions of the material entering it from the hollow body element 2.

The upper level 7 of the sorting table can be made, for example, of a toroidal shape, with a rectangular cross section. In some cases, it may be advisable if the upper level 7 of the sorting table is multi-stage, with each stage being intended for a separate fraction of the separated material.

The hollow body element 2 is installed in such a way that all the undivided fractions of the sorted material that have not passed through the separation passages between the rods 4 due to their overall dimensions fall only on the upper level 7 of the sorting table.

Along the perimeter of the upper level 7 of the sorting table, jobs are provided for operators-sorters, next to which, also along the perimeter of the upper level 7, storage and unloading bins 8 are located.

The final separation and distribution of 8 large fractions into the storage and unloading bunkers takes place at the upper level 7.

In some cases, depending on the operating conditions and the quality of the material to be separated, it may be appropriate if the upper level 7 of the sorting table is inclined or horizontal or is made cone-shaped.

Also, depending on the operating conditions and the quality of the separated material, an unloading window can be provided for unloading the upper level 7 in its lower or lateral part, through which the upper level 7 is unloaded during rotation due to the deflecting gate (guide screen).

The unloading of the filled storage and unloading bins 8 can be carried out, for example, using gates 9.

It may be appropriate if each storage and unloading hopper is designed for a separate fraction of the separated material.

The proposed turret-rotation sorting unit operates as follows.

Material intended for separation, for example municipal solid waste, is fed into a sorting and distribution device, into the hollow body element 2 on the rods 4.

Carrying out the working process, the slider 3 rises and falls along the guide 1. In this case, the rods 4 may also vibrate and rotate or oscillate together with the hollow body element 2.

There is a separation of fine fractions entering through the separation passages between the rods 4 to the lower level 6 of the sorting table.

Due to the variable inclination of the rods 4 and their vibration, large fractions of the separated material are gradually moving towards the upper level 7 of the sorting table until the complete separation of the unseparated large fractions to the upper level 7 of the sorting table.

During the separation, the separation passages are automatically cleaned by changing the distance between the rods 4.

As the lower level 6 is filled with small fractions of the separated material, it is unloaded. This can be done by opening the gate provided in the bottom of the lower level 6. This option can also be provided: in the side of the lower level 6 a window is opened and, due to the centrifugal forces arising from rotation, the accumulated material is output through the said window, for example, to conveyor belt and, further, to the storage and unloading hopper.

Unseparated large fractions entering the rotating upper level 7 of the sorting table are sorted by sorting operators into storage and unloading bins 8.

Since the upper level 7 of the sorting table rotates, only one operator-sorter can be involved, sorting unseparated fractions into storage and unloading bins 8.

As filling of the storage and unloading bins 8, they are replaced or emptied, followed by the direction of the separated fractions for further processing.

Unseparated large fractions from the hollow body element 2 to the rotating upper level 7 of the working table can be sorted by sorting operators in another way: each of the sorted fractions is distributed over the steps of the upper level of the sorting table, from where it is, for example, processed.

An option may be provided that combines the sorting of fractions both by the steps of the upper level of the sorting table, and by storage and unloading bins.

Thus, the proposed revolving and rotary sorting unit is a simple and reliable device, easy to maintain and set up, allowing the separation of almost any material to be quickly and efficiently and having improved weight and size and technical and economic indicators compared to peers.

Claims (9)

1. Turret-rotary sorting unit containing a sorting table and sorting and distributing device having a common axis of rotation serving as a vertical guide, characterized in that the sorting table and sorting and distributing device are made with the possibility of oscillation and rotation around a common axis of rotation in both directions wherein the sorting and distribution device is made in the form of a hollow body element rigidly connected to the common axis of rotation with guide grooves on the side surface and the separation element located inside it, which is a slider mounted with the possibility of sliding along the said vertical guide, and rods forming separation passages located in the guide grooves of the hollow body element and pivotally mounted on the slide with their ends, while the rods are mounted on the slide with the possibility changes in the angle of its inclination relative to the vertical guide while sliding the slide and moving them in the guide grooves, while sorting the first multi-level table is executed. 2. The node according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper level of the sorting table is designed for unseparated fractions of the material falling onto it from the sorting and distributing device, and the lower level of the sorting table is designed for fractions of the material separated through the separation passages of the sorting and distributing device, moreover, along the perimeter of the upper level of the sorting table, jobs are provided for operator-sorters having the ability to separate unseparated material by fractions and filling them with storage and unloading bins, also located around the perimeter of the upper level of the sorting table. 3. The node according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper level of the sorting table is made of a toroidal shape. 4. The node according to claim 1, characterized in that each level of the sorting table is designed to collect and accumulate a separate fraction of the separated material. 5. The node according to claim 4, characterized in that a discharge window is provided in the side or bottom of each level of the sorting table through which the level is unloaded during rotation due to the deflecting gate (guide screen). 6. The node according to claim 1, characterized in that each storage and unloading hopper is designed for a separate fraction of the separated material. 7. The node according to claim 1, characterized in that the number, shape and size of the rods and, accordingly, the separation passages can be different. 8. The node according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorting table and the sorting and distribution device are equipped with vibration drives. 9. The node according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper level of the sorting table is located obliquely or horizontally or is made cone-shaped.