RU2373156C1 - Water purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: device has a case, in which there is an electrochemical water purification reactor. Inside the reactor there is a holder with electrodes for electrochemical water purification. Inside the said reactor there are also silver electrodes for electrochemical dissolution of silver in water. A filter unit is fitted in the case for treating water after electrochemical purification, as well as a unit for ultrasonic cleaning the filter unit and a pump for pumping water from the reactor to the filter unit. Electrochemical purification electrodes, silver electrodes for electrochemical dissolution of silver, ultrasonic cleaning unit and pump are connected to a power supply unit through a control unit.

EFFECT: design of a device with high degree of purification through electrochemical purification of water and further disinfection of the filter for filtering sludge.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to drinking water purification devices, in which the main purification is carried out by the electrochemical method and can be used to purify water in a domestic environment.

Electrochemical water purification devices have the widest range of contaminants removed from water. In this case, after treatment, the salt composition characteristic of the region practically does not change, since during the treatment, mainly impurities introduced into the water due to the activity of human society are removed. During the electrochemical treatment of water, accumulation of removed impurities in the device does not occur, therefore, the quality of the treated water remains unchanged throughout its life.

A device for electrochemical purification of contaminated liquids according to US patent No. 4321125, C02C 5/12, publication 03/23/1982.

In the apparatus for electrochemical cleaning, the electrolyzer and the flotator are combined in one housing. A package of soluble electrodes is installed in the lower part of the apparatus. In the upper part of the body, an opening is made for the outlet of purified water and sludge. The supply of cleaned fluid is carried out from the side. A container is also installed on the casing for settling the mixture of water and sludge poured from the casing and separating the purified liquid from the sludge.

A device for the electrochemical purification of drinking water according to the patent RU 2180322, C02F 1/463, publication 03/10/2002, which contains a reactor with a packet of parallel soluble electrodes, in which a packet of soluble electrodes is installed above the electroflotation electrodes. The upper part of the reactor is made in the form of a truncated cone, on which the capacity of the sludge collector is fixed, and a cover in the form of a reverse cone is installed on the upper opening of the reactor.

A device for electrochemical purification of drinking water is also known patent RU 2236381, C02F 1/463, publication 20.04.2004. The device comprises an electrocoagulation electrode unit with a stack of parallel cathodes and soluble anodes, electroflotation electrodes and a reactor, in the upper part of which a sludge tank is fixed. In the upper opening of the reactor there is a lid in the form of a reverse cone with the possibility of vertical movement. The electrode block is made in a separate housing.

A device for electrochemical purification of drinking water according to patent RU 2203226, C02F 1/463, publication 04/27/2003.

The device comprises a flotation chamber, an electrolyzer with a package of soluble electrodes, mounted under the flotation chamber and a filter placed along the walls of the flotation chamber, forming a cavity with its walls for collecting purified water and its outlet through an opening in the flotation chamber.

The invention is known RU 2043308 "Method for the electrochemical purification of drinking water", C02F 15/46, publication 10.09.1995. The present invention describes a device in which a packet of soluble electrodes in the form of parallel plates is placed in the upper part of the container. Some of the electrodes - anodes - are made of aluminum alloy, another part of the electrodes - cathodes - are made of an iron alloy. This invention is the closest analogue. The device also requires a filter that is used to filter purified water from residual sludge.

However, electrochemical cleaning devices require improvement. These devices are batch devices. Since it is required to remove sludge from purified water, a pathogenic flora may develop in the pauses between the use of the filter in the filter unit where the sludge is cleaned.

The technical result achieved in the claimed invention is to create a design of a high degree of purification due to the electrochemical purification of water and additional disinfection of the filter that filters the remaining sludge. Due to this, an increase in the period of reliable operation of the filter is achieved. At the same time, an additional disinfection of purified water and giving it new consumer properties is achieved.

This result is achieved in that the water purification device comprises a housing in which the electrochemical water purification reactor is located. Inside the reactor there is a cassette containing electrodes for electrochemical water treatment. Silver electrodes for electrochemical dissolution of silver in water are also located inside the aforementioned reactor. A filter unit for water treatment after electrochemical treatment, an ultrasonic treatment unit for the filter unit, and a pump for supplying water from the reactor to the filter unit are installed in the housing. Electrodes for electrochemical cleaning, silver electrodes for electrochemical dissolution of silver and an ultrasonic processing unit, the pump is connected to the power unit through the control unit.

The water purification device comprises an electrochemical water purification reactor. Initial water treatment processes take place there. The treated water under the influence of gases released during the electrolysis of water rises up between the electrodes of the cassette, where it is saturated with hydroxides of the metal of the anode and bubbles of gases, hydrogen and oxygen formed during the electrolysis. The laminar flow of the treated water in the space between the electrodes creates the conditions for mixing water with gas bubbles and micelles and flakes of metal hydroxide anodes, as coagulation electrodes. In the space between the electrodes, electrocoagulation is carried out and water is disinfected to a large extent.

Then the stream of water with sludge enters the free volume of the reactor, where the sludge floats up, and the water stream first spreads along the surface, and then goes down. Bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen, capturing the smallest particles of suspended matter, rise up, carrying out flotation processes. With the help of the smallest gas bubbles formed during the electrolysis, almost all finely dispersed suspensions of substances, hydroxides of heavy metals, polymers, fats, oils, oil products and so on are floated.

In the free volume, the fluid flow becomes turbulent, moves in layers, descending to the bottom of the free zone of the reactor, which contributes to the flotation process. The flow of water, partially descending to the bottom, again enters the interelectrode space, where it is again subjected to the process of electrolysis and electrocoagulation.

An increase in the degree of purification occurs due to the fact that water passes repeatedly between the electrodes due to convection flows provided by the design of the reactor. Water rising between the electrodes and being purified by electrocoagulation and electroflotation processes rises and naturally falls into the free, unoccupied by the electrodes volume of the reactor vessel. The flow propagates parallel to the surface of the water, and then falls down along the opposite walls of the reactor vessel. At the bottom of the reactor vessel, the flow is partially drawn into the interelectrode space, and partially twisted in the form of a vortex in the center of the lateral volumes of the reactor vessel, preventing the formation of a stagnant zone. The water cycle in the reactor is maintained continuously during the supply of voltage to the electrodes of the cartridge and some time after the voltage is removed.

After completion of the electrochemical treatment, the sludge can merge, or remain in the reactor and merge after cleaning the main volume of water in the filter unit. For convenience, the discharge of sludge in the side wall of the reactor performed drain, allowing you to drain the remaining water with the sludge contained in it, without opening the lid of the device.

After the electrochemical treatment of water, voltage is applied to the silver electrodes for the electrochemical dissolution of silver in water. The saturation of water with silver ions is carried out by electrochemical dissolution of silver electrodes in an aqueous medium.

Further, by means of a pump, purified water, which is saturated with silver ions, is supplied to the filter unit, where it is cleaned of residual sludge.

The ultrasonic processing unit of the filter unit is periodically turned on. Ultrasonic treatment is primarily subjected to the filter material of the filter unit. Treatment with ultrasonic cavitating radiation allows to suppress the growth of microorganisms, microflora objects in the filter unit, which allows to ensure the purity of water even with significant interruptions in the operation of the water purification device. The presence of silver electrodes in the reactor contributes to the same task, that is, maintaining the cleanliness of the filter block. The part of silver deposited on the filtering material of the filter unit also contributes to the suppression of microflora.

Power to all electrodes, ultrasonic processing unit, pump is supplied from the power unit. The control unit provides the sequence and temporary modes of operation of the device.

This water purification device provides a high degree of purity of water for a long time the device. This is ensured by the fact that the electrochemical water treatment reactor provides water purification from all organic impurities, while maintaining the salt composition of the water. Next, the filter is used to purify water from sludge, in which there are no organic impurities.

The presence of the ultrasonic processing unit of the filter unit allows you to maintain a clean filter unit, it kills the microorganisms that get there and does not generate microflora. The silver electrodes in the reactor also contribute to the maintenance of the device. Therefore, the device works efficiently and for a long time.

In special cases, the execution of the electrochemical cleaning reactor contains a cover that is configured to install the aforementioned cassette with electrochemical cleaning electrodes and a device for supplying electrical voltage to the cassette electrodes.

In addition, electrochemical cleaning electrodes can be arranged vertically, the central electrode is solid, and windows are provided in the side electrodes for passage of a water stream rising between the electrodes into the free volume of the reactor. The cartridge can be placed in the central part of the reactor above its bottom, and the volume occupied by the cartridge inside the reactor is no more than one third of the total internal volume of the reactor vessel. The central electrode - a soluble anode - can be made of aluminum alloy, and the side electrodes - cathodes - are made of stainless steel. Electrodes are most efficiently installed in parallel. The windows in the side electrodes are made at the bay level of the water to be purified and can have a shape that does not impede the free exit of convective flows into the reactor volume, for example, rectangular.

This embodiment of the electrode block allows you to organize an effective flow of purified water, repeatedly passing in the reactor volume.

In the particular case of execution, the reactor cover may be removable or rotatable.

The pump may be connected to a nozzle located at the bottom of the reactor vessel, and the pump outlet is connected to said filter unit.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the device in the form of a vertical section of the housing, Figure 2 shows a General view of the cassette with electrodes, Figure 3 and Figure 4 shows the flow patterns in the reactor, Figure 5 (top view) shows the arrangement of the blocks of the device.

A device for water purification (Figure 1-2) contains a housing 1, in which a reactor 2 for electrochemical water treatment is located. Inside the reactor there is a cartridge 3 containing electrodes for electrochemical water treatment. The electrochemical cleaning electrodes are arranged vertically, the central electrode 4, the soluble anode, is made of aluminum alloy, and the side electrodes 5, the cathodes, are made of stainless steel. Windows 6 are made in the side electrodes 5 for passage of convective water flow rising between the electrodes 4, 5 into the free volume of the reactor 2. The cassette 3 is placed in the central part of the reactor 2 above its bottom. Windows 6 in the side electrodes 5 are made at level 15 of the bay of purified water. The windows 6 of the electrodes may have a rectangular shape.

The cover 13 of the reactor 2 is made hinged (Figure 1) or removable (Figure 3, Figure 4). The cassette 3 with electrodes 4, 5 and the device 14 for supplying electrical voltage to the electrodes of the cassette 3 can be removably mounted on the cover 13.

Silver electrodes 7 are also located inside the reactor 2 for the electrochemical dissolution of silver in water. In the housing 1, a filter unit 8 is installed for treating water after electrochemical treatment, an ultrasonic treatment unit 9 of the filter unit, and a pump 10 for supplying water from the reactor to the filter unit 8. The pump 10 is connected to the pipe 16 located at the bottom of the reactor vessel, and the output of the pump 10 is connected to the filter unit 8, which contains the filter material 21. The power supply unit 11 and the control unit 12 are also located in the housing 1. The power supply unit 11 is electrically connected through the control side 12 to the device 14 for supplying electric voltage to the electrodes of the cartridge 3, the electrodes 7 and the pump 10.

The reactor 2 of the purification device of level 15 is filled with water. A voltage is applied to electrodes 4 and 5, which can reach 24 V, current strength from 0.5 to 2 amperes. In the process of electrochemical processing in the interelectrode space, metal hydroxides and gas bubbles, water electrolysis products are formed. In the space between the electrodes, a coagulant formation zone is formed and coagulation processes begin. The process of coagulation in the reactor volume continues under the conditions of convective mixing of the treated water. In the process of electrochemical treatment, a water stream (see Figs. 3-4) exits through the windows 6 into the free volume of the reactor, spreads along the surface, gradually acquires a turbulent character and begins to make a circular motion, again entering the space between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the cartridge 3. Part of the flow makes a circular motion in the free zones 19 of reactor 2. Due to this movement of the flow in the free volume, flotation processes occur. Bubbles of gases capture the smallest particles of sludge and lift them up, where sludge (coagulant with impurities sorbed on it) containing impurities removed from water is formed at the surface of water 15. During processing, a certain amount of solid impurities can be deposited on the bottom of the reactor 2.

The process of electrochemical treatment of water lasts from 3 to 15 minutes, then the power supply is stopped, but the coagulation process continues for some time. After this, the purified water can be separated from the sludge.

After that, the voltage is applied to the silver electrodes 7 and there is an electrochemical dissolution of silver in the treated water. Silver ions saturate water and have an additional bactericidal effect.

Next, the water through the pump 10 is supplied to the filter unit 8 and passes through the filter material 21, and is supplied for consumption. Some silver ions are trapped in the filter material 21.

Periodically, by means of the control unit 12, the ultrasonic processing unit 9 of the filter unit 8 is turned on, which contributes to the sterilization of primarily the filter material 21. Due to the ultrasonic cavitation treatment and the presence of silver introduced into the filter unit, the microflora is not generated in the filter material and the water exiting the device is biologically safe .

The water purification device provides reliable purification and preparation of drinking water, maintaining the salt balance of the liquid, while the device can work for a long time, providing the consumer with clean water.

Claims (9)

1. A device for water purification, characterized in that it contains a housing in which the electrochemical water treatment reactor is located, a cassette is placed inside the reactor containing electrodes for electrochemical water treatment, silver electrodes for electrochemical dissolution of silver in water are also located inside the reactor, in said housing a filter unit for water treatment after electrochemical treatment, an ultrasonic treatment unit for the filter unit and a pump for supplying water from the reactor to the filter unit are installed, wherein said electrochemical cleaning electrodes, silver electrodes for electrochemical dissolution of silver and an ultrasonic processing unit, a pump are connected to the power unit through a control unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said electrochemical cleaning reactor comprises a cover that is configured to install said cassette with electrochemical cleaning electrodes and a device for supplying electrical voltage to the cassette electrodes. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the said cover is removable or rotatable. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said electrochemical cleaning electrodes are arranged vertically, the central electrode is solid, and windows are provided in the side electrodes for passage of a water flow rising between the electrodes into the free volume of the reactor, said cassette being placed in the central parts of the reactor above its bottom, and the volume occupied by the cartridge inside the reactor is not more than a third of the total internal volume of the reactor vessel. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the central electrode is a soluble anode made of aluminum alloy, and the side electrodes are cathodes made of stainless steel. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the said windows in the side electrodes are made at the level of the bay of purified water. 7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the said windows of the electrodes are rectangular. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said electrodes are installed in parallel. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said pump is connected to a pipe located at the bottom of the reactor vessel, and the pump outlet is connected to said filter unit.

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