RU2357205C1 - System for determining deformations of building structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrument engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to engineering surveying and can be used for monitoring the condition, including deformations, of building structures. Device consists of motorised electronic tacheometre with protective glass cover, which is installed inside the building with foundation plate, support contour and covering. Tacheometre is connected via cable to computer and has the possibility of optical contacting with the remote marks in the form of triple-prismatic reflectors installed on monitored building structures. Marks installed on the covering are fixed by means of clamps on extensions of covering. One of those marks is a check one, and is equipped with an additional reflector. Distance between reflectors is certified metrologically as per measured coordinates.

EFFECT: possibility of carrying out monitoring of the main building structures during all seasons and remotely in automatic mode at control of performed measurements.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering geodesy and monitoring of deformations of building structures of structures by geodetic methods in automatic mode.

To measure the deformations of building structures of a structure, many devices and primary sensors are known from measuring equipment, geophysics and construction equipment: tension sensors, dynamic sensors, accelerometers, inclinometers, etc.

Primary sensors are installed on constructed building structures, forming a spatial automated system together with a computer [1]. The main disadvantage of these systems is the limited measurement, measurements are carried out in only one coordinate, small measurement limits of up to cm and a large number of power and information wires.

To control internal stability, the sensors are periodically removed for metrological calibration, which leads to a violation of the measuring process.

In engineering geodesy, such systems include a hydrostatic system consisting of hydraulic sensors connected to each other by hoses, a power cable and a cable for transmitting information to a computer [2].

The disadvantage of such systems is the large number of hose and cable connections, which is inconvenient in operation, as well as limited measurements - only in one coordinate - height.

The closest to the claimed invention in terms of features (prototype) is an automated system for controlling the deformation of building structures, where a motorized electronic total station is used as a measuring sensor [3].

The specified total station is installed in front of the facade of a controlled building structure, on which deformation marks in the form of optical reflectors of the trippelprism type are placed in the control places.

On a remote building, which is located outside the deformation zone, similar optical reflectors are placed, which, in contrast to deformation ones, are called reference or reference ones. According to a special computer program, a motorized electronic total station is included in the automatic mode of measuring the coordinates of deformation marks relative to the reference ones. According to the measurement results, strain diagrams are calculated and built in a computer. On a computer network via the Internet or mobile telephone, measurement data are transmitted to the consumer. The prototype system contains the minimum number of drive connections (total station-computer) and allows you to measure the relative deformation on all three coordinates X, Y and Z.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that in this system a motorized electronic total station is located in the open air and its operation depends on meteorological conditions. So, for example, at a temperature of -20 ° С the electronic tacheometer cannot work. Protecting the total station with a glass cap is not effective due to the “temperature breaths” of the cap, which distort the optical sighting connections and, therefore, distort the results of strain measurements.

In addition, it is impossible to simultaneously measure the deformation of the main building structures, for example, a large-span structure: foundations, supporting contour, roof (coating), because the location of the total station allows you to get the measurement results of only one front of the building.

The problem solved by the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks by installing a motorized electronic total station inside the controlled object and introducing into the device for recording distortions of the protective cap of the control deformation mark with a metrologically certified distance along the measured coordinate axes.

To solve this problem, in the proposed system for determining the deformations of building structures of a structure containing a motorized electronic total station with a protective glass cap, a computer and deformation marks in the form of triple prism reflectors installed on controlled building structures, in accordance with the invention and, unlike the prototype, a motorized electronic total station with a protective glass cap placed inside the building with the possibility of optical contact with deformation marks placed on the support contour, and marks placed and fixed on the vertical protrusions of the coating by means of clamps, the case of each of which is made sliding in the form of two rods falling one into another, while one mark, being a control one, is equipped with an additional reflector, where the distance between the primary and secondary reflectors is metrologically certified according to the measured coordinate axes.

This embodiment of the system for measuring the deformations of building structures of structures makes it possible to obtain measurements all-weather, while simultaneously receiving measurements of the deformations of the main building structures with internal metrological control of the measurement results.

The measurement is illustrated in figure 1, which shows schematically a General view of the system for determining the deformations of building structures of structures; figure 2, which shows the mounting unit of the control mark. The system for determining deformations consists of a motorized electronic total station with a protective glass cap 1 installed inside the building, the building structures of which consist of a base plate 2, a supporting contour 3 and a cover 4, for example, in the form of a metal membrane. Deformation marks 5 in the form of triple prism reflectors are fixed on building structures. A total station with a protective glass cap is installed in the zone of optical visibility of strain stamps 5 and is connected by cable 6 to computer 7.

One of the deformation marks is a control (Fig. 2), located on the outlets 8 of the coating 4 and is equipped with an additional triple-prism reflector 9, the distance between the main 5 and the additional reflector is known from the results of metrological measurements. The deformation marks mounted on the coating are fixed to the vertical outlets 8 of the coating 4 by means of clamps 10.

The cases of 11 grades installed on the coating 4 are made sliding and consist of 2 rods 12, 13, which are included in one another.

The system for measuring strain is as follows. Computer 7 in accordance with the program includes a motorized electronic total station 1, which, turning around in azimuth and elevation, sequentially is directed at each deformation mark 5 in a circular fashion and determines its current coordinates X _T , Y _T and H _T according to the known in geodesy to the polar method: according to the measured horizontal and vertical angle and the distance from the total station to the deformation mark. The current coordinates X _T , Y _T and H _{T of the} deformation mark can be absolute if the coordinates of the location of the electronic total station are known from geodetic measurements, and relative if the least deformable structures are used as the basis for calculations, for example, for long-span structures - deformation marks on foundations . Based on the current coordinates, a strain graph is plotted. In a computer database, the current coordinates are compared with the calculated limits, and if they are exceeded, the system generates an alarm.

The system for determining the deformations of building structures is especially promising for controlling the deformations of large-span structures, which account for the greatest number of accidents and collapses. The proposed system allows you to daily remotely execute regulations for the control of deformations of structures.

The signal from the system can turn on and off the coating heating system (snow melting system).

In addition to large-span structures, the system can be used to measure the deformations of metal structures placed inside the structure. The devices included in the system easily fit into the architectural space of the structure without significant modifications, since it does not have cable connections between the measuring device and the deformation marks. The accuracy of measuring the coordinates of deformations of building structures is from 1 to 3 mm. It is possible to control the system remotely and transmit measurement results over the Internet and GSH networks to the Ministry of Emergencies and organizations conducting scientific support for monitoring the deformation of the structure.

Information sources

1. Kazachek V.G., Nechaev N.V. and other Inspection and testing of buildings and structures, M .: Higher school, 2006, p.164.

2. Vasyutinsky I.Yu. Hydro-leveling, M .: Nedra, 1983, p. 124.

3. Ryazantsev G.E., Bubman I.G. The use of optical measuring systems of modern electronic total stations for monitoring the deformation of ground buildings and structures, OFM, 2003, No. 4.

Claims (1)

A system for determining the deformations of building structures of a structure, including long-span structures, containing a motorized electronic total station with a protective glass cap, a computer and deformation marks in the form of triple prism reflectors installed on controlled building structures, characterized in that the motorized total station with a protective glass cap is placed inside the structure with the possibility of optical contact with deformation marks installed on the foundation, support m contour, and grades placed and fixed by means of clamps on the vertical protrusions of the coating, the case of each of which is made sliding in the form of two rods that enter one another, while one deformation mark, being a control mark, is equipped with an additional reflector, where the distance between the reflectors is metrologically certified on measured coordinate axes.

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