RU2338313C2 - Method of centralised remote control of energy carriers issue process with possibility of their consumption intensity control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in the fact that energy carrier consumers are connected to distribution grids of energy carriers supply through accounting points, every of which consists of counters for accounting of energy carrier consumption with availability of pulse outlet or digital electric interface, subscriber control device (ABU) and controlled regulators of energy carriers supply. Accounting points are controlled from the center with the help of commands sent along control channel. ABU calculates the balance between consumed and paid quantity of energy carriers, depending on that it selects permissible level of consumption intensity and performs monitoring, prohibiting consumption of energy carriers with intensity that exceeds the permissible level. At that point of energy carriers accounting acquires quite new properties with provision of the following facilities: control of timeliness and correctness of payments; remote address dispatcher control of power supply process from control center; keeping multi-tariff accounting even on the base of single-tariff counters; control of energy carriers consumption intensity; keeping archives of counter readings and event log.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability of control and management.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means for distribution, control and metering of energy consumption, including electricity, gas, heat, hot and cold water. The invention also relates to the field of control of switching power supply networks. The invention can be used to create automated control systems and energy management (ASKUE) in the field of housing and communal services.

EFFECT: invention allows to create a complex energy metering point as part of ASCAEE based on energy meters with pulse output already installed at subscribers, including single and three-phase electric meters, gas, hot and cold water flow meters. The main requirement for an energy meter is the presence of an output of electrical counting pulses, the frequency of which is proportional to the intensity of energy consumption.

At the same time, the energy metering point acquires qualitatively new properties, providing opportunities:

- remote control of timeliness and correctness of payments for consumed energy from the control center of the automated energy metering system;

- maintaining multi-tariff metering based on single-rate meters;

- individual restrictions on the intensity of energy consumption, depending on the size and maturity of payment arrears, according to a predetermined schedule or according to a command sent from the control center of the automated energy metering system;

- maintaining archives of meter readings and event logs.

A known method of controlling the process of supplying electric energy with the possibility of adjusting power consumption, which consists in the fact that electricity consumers are connected to the supply network through subscriber monitoring devices that are controlled from the center by radio commands transmitted containing the device identification number, command code and data, each subscriber the control device has its own identification number, executes control commands received from the control center characterized in that each subscriber monitoring device, based on the measured instantaneous values of voltage and current in the load circuit, calculates the amount of electricity consumed and the amount of electric power consumed by the load, adds the measured amount of electricity consumed to the electricity meter consumed in debt, and records the time elapsed since the moment of arrival the last command to reduce the meter of electricity consumed in debt, selects the current level of capacity limitation according to the table the ty corresponding to the value of the counter consumed in debt of electricity or the time elapsed since the last command to reduce the counter of consumed electricity in debt, and if the measured power consumed by the load exceeds the selected level of power limitation, disconnects the load circuit from the supply network, according to the received command reduces the counter value of electricity consumed in debt by the value transmitted in the command, the list of commands at least consists of a command to decrease the counter by Use by the electricity in the debt and demand limit command at a given level (RU, Application №2004123509, IPC 7 G01R 21/00, the decision to grant a patent on 01.09.05 was)

The essential features consistent with the claimed invention is that the subscriber monitoring device:

- it is controlled from the center by commands containing the device identification number, command code and data;

- has its own identification number, executes control commands received from the control center;

- calculates the amount of electricity consumed and the amount of electrical power consumed by the load;

- selects from the table the current level of power limitation corresponding to the amount of electricity consumed in debt;

- if the measured power consumed by the load exceeds the selected level of power limitation, disconnects the load circuit from the power supply network;

- in the list of commands there is a command to limit power consumption at a given level.

The disadvantages of this method and device that implements it, the following.

1. The method is used only to control the process of supplying electric energy, it does not take into account that subscribers of the housing and communal sector mainly consume energy resources in a complex manner and therefore it is advisable to create a single point of accounting and management of the energy consumption process.

2. The control device directly measures the amount of electricity consumed and the instantaneous power consumption. Therefore, the device must comply with the requirements of GOST 30207-94 (IEC 1036-91) and its certification is required for the class of electricity meters, which leads to a significant increase in the cost of the device. In addition, to measure the amount of electricity consumed in a three-phase network, the measuring part of the device must be specially designed, but not applicable to gas and water supply networks.

3. For metering, a counter (special register-drive) of electricity consumed in debt is used, which increases by the amount of electricity consumed, and decreases upon receipt of the command "reduce the meter of electricity consumed in debt", ie in this method, debt accounting is based on increments transmitted in the management team. In conditions of poor radio reception, to increase reliability, it would be possible to use repeated duplication of the command, but resending the command can lead to a multiple decrease in the meter of electricity consumed in debt, thereby violating the correctness of accounting.

4. The control device does not have the ability to record electricity consumption and its payment at various tariffs, depending on the time of day, day of the week, month, etc. (organization of multi-tariff accounting).

5. Protection of the radio control channel from imposing false commands and data is not provided, which makes the system vulnerable to unauthorized interference in the control process.

The main task to which the invention is directed is to create a cost-effective and secure automated system for monitoring and controlling the energy supply process for urban and rural housing and communal subscribers, which functionally implements a centralized remote control of the energy supply process with the possibility of remote control of the correctness and timeliness of payment according to existing tariffs, regulating the intensity of energy consumption as per this schedule and Command Control Center.

The main concepts used below:

Distribution networks of energy supply - supply lines necessary for organizing the process of energy supply and transportation of energy from suppliers to end users.

Metering point - a set of installed equipment necessary to connect end-users to distribution networks of energy supply, metering energy consumption and managing the energy supply process.

Tariff zone - a set of conditions defined in the regulatory documents of energy supply, under which the energy consumption is recorded in the storage register corresponding to this tariff zone, and paid at the rates indicated in the regulatory documents. The conditions for choosing a tariff zone (tariff schedule) may depend on the time of day, day of the week, month, holidays, etc., on the monthly social consumption rate or other conditions determined by the legislative and regulatory documents for energy supply. The tariff zone corresponds to its serial number in the general list of tariff zones for each energy carrier.

The unit of measurement of the amount of energy carrier is the dimension of a physical quantity corresponding to the measured energy carrier consumption, in units of which a record is kept, for example, for kW it is kWh, for gas and water - cubic meter.

The energy storage register of the amount of energy carrier consumed in a given tariff zone is a separate register corresponding to a particular tariff zone in which the total energy consumption is calculated, calculated on the basis of pulses from the corresponding meters, accumulated over the entire duration of the metering point, in energy carrier units.

The register of the amount of energy carrier paid in a given tariff zone is a separate register corresponding to a specific tariff zone where the total amount of energy carrier paid for the entire duration of the metering point is stored in units of energy carrier.

The balance for a given tariff zone is the difference between the amount of energy consumed accumulated over the entire period of operation of a metering point in a given tariff zone and the amount of paid energy accumulated over the entire duration of a metering station in the same tariff zone. Balance is considered in units of energy. A positive balance means the consumer’s debt to the supplier, a negative balance means the amount of energy carrier prepaid by the consumer.

The energy carrier consumption rate is the amount of energy carrier consumed per unit of time, for example, electric power measured in watts corresponds to intensity electricity; for gas and water, this is the flow rate of cubic meter / s.

Control channel - a physical medium used for transmitting address control commands from the center to subscriber monitoring devices. As a control channel, for example, you can use a unidirectional radio channel, a wired channel (telephone or power wires of the supply distribution network), GSM-cellular channels, etc. As a control channel, you can also use address bypass of metering points by the energy sales controller, while the commands are recorded in the control center on a mobile storage medium, such as a laptop computer, then the controller bypasses the specified metering points, connects to the input of command receivers of subscriber monitoring devices and transmits for them teams.

Figure 1 shows a fragment of an automated system for monitoring and managing energy supply, on which dashed lines highlight the equipment of the metering point, and the numbers indicate:

1 - distribution networks for supplying energy;

2 - energy meter;

3 - ASKUE control center with a transmitter of commands;

4 - subscriber monitoring device;

5 - energy supply regulators;

6 - energy consumers;

7 - control channel.

The method of centralized remote control of the energy supply process to consumers with the possibility of regulating the intensity of their consumption is implemented in a system consisting of a central control point, energy metering points, consisting of energy metering meters, a subscriber monitoring device and controlled energy supply regulators, as follows.

They create an automated system for monitoring and managing energy consumption, consisting of a control center and metering points for energy consumption.

Consumers of energy resources are connected to distribution networks of energy supply at metering points through energy consumption meters and special controlled energy supply regulators.

The flow meters must have a pulsed electrical output, the pulse frequency at which is proportional to the intensity of the energy carrier flow, and their number is proportional to the amount of energy carrier measured by the meter.

Energy supply regulators must have an electrical input to receive an energy supply control signal.

The outputs of the counters of each metering point are connected to a subscriber monitoring device, which is connected to the control inputs of the energy supply regulators and performs the following functions:

- Keeps track of time and calendar based on an internal timer;

- selects active tariff zones for each energy carrier based on the specified switching schedules of tariff zones (depending on the time of day, day of the week, month, holidays, etc.);

- Keeps records of the consumption of each energy carrier in each tariff zone based on the counting of pulses from the meters;

- calculates the intensity of consumption of each energy carrier based on the measurement of the frequency of the counting pulses;

- accepts commands sent to him from the control center, verifies their authenticity and order;

- Keeps records of the paid part of each energy carrier for the given tariff zones based on management commands informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy carrier for each tariff zone;

- calculates the balance as the difference between the consumed and paid amount of energy for each tariff zone;

- selects for each energy carrier the intensity of its consumption that is currently acceptable, depending on the balance between the consumed and paid amount of energy, the payment delay period, a predetermined schedule (depending on the time of day, day of the week, month, holidays, etc. ) and the acceptable level of intensity transferred to the team from the control center of the automated energy metering system;

- if the measured consumption rate of any energy carrier exceeds the permissible level, it issues a control signal to the appropriate controller, decreasing by a predetermined amount or completely shutting off the supply of the corresponding energy carrier;

- provides data storage in non-volatile memory;

- synchronizes the internal timer based on the date and time specified in the received command;

- maintains a journal of energy consumption archives for past periods (hour, day, month, year, etc.) and an event log (information about the arrival of control teams, emergency situations, etc.);

- has a primary and backup power supply system.

In the control center of ASKUE, they keep records of payments received from subscribers for energy consumption, separately for each of the current tariffs. Accounting is carried out in money and units of measurement of the amount of energy carrier (kW · hour - for electricity, cubic meters - for gas, water, etc.), accumulating the total paid number of energy carrier units for each tariff zone.

Information on the total paid amount of energy carriers for each of the current tariffs is transmitted through the control channel by a special team directed to the address of the corresponding metering point.

If it is required to individually limit the energy consumption for the purpose of operational dispatch control of the energy supply process, a special command is sent from the control center to the address of the corresponding metering point, indicating the acceptable level of energy consumption in it.

The minimum set of commands required to control subscriber devices will have the following composition:

1 - a team informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy carrier for each tariff zone;

2 - a command about the acceptable level of energy consumption.

The management team at least consists of the fields:

1. Identification number of the subscriber monitoring device;

2. The time and date of sending the team;

3. The code of the team;

4. Numbers of the corresponding energy carrier;

5. Data;

6. The values of the hash function.

Field 1 indicates the unique identification number assigned to the subscriber monitoring device to which the command is sent.

Field 2 indicates the number in the format year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds, corresponding to the time the command was sent from the control center.

Field 3 indicates the command code corresponding to the serial number of the command in the list of commands.

In field 4, the energy carrier number is indicated in the general list of energy carriers, to which the information transmitted in the command belongs.

In field 5 are indicated:

- for the team with code 1, the absolute values of the paid part of the energy carrier for each of the existing tariff zones in units of energy;

- for a team with code 2, field 5 indicates the permissible level of energy consumption.

To protect information from the imposition of false commands and data, field 6 indicates the value calculated for the information located in fields 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 by any of the known message authentication algorithms using cryptographic hash functions. For example, as such a value, you can use an imitation insert calculated according to the GOST 28147-89 algorithm (State standard of the USSR, "Information processing systems. Cryptographic protection. Algorithm for cryptographic conversion GOST 28147-89", IPK Standards Publishing House, Moscow, 1989). The key information, based on which the value in field 6 is calculated, is stored in the memory of the subscriber monitoring device and in the control center, and each subscriber monitoring device has its own key information.

Upon receipt of a command in the subscriber monitoring device, the hash function of the information specified in fields 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the received command is recalculated and its coincidence with the value in field 6 of the received command is checked. If they do not match, the command is ignored.

In addition, the subscriber monitoring device stores in a special memory register the date and time extracted from field 2 of the last received and executed command. Upon receipt of each subsequent command in the subscriber monitoring device, the date and time of sending the command specified in field 2 are checked, and if this date and time is earlier than the date and time of the last received and executed command stored in memory, the command is ignored.

The protection organized in this way allows you to verify the authenticity of the received command and the correctness of the sequence of receipt of commands in the subscriber monitoring device, which is very important, because control commands can be transmitted from the center via an open communication channel, for example, a radio channel, and the possibility of imposing false commands and data is not ruled out.

In particular, when applying the GOST 28147-89 algorithm to calculate the value of the hash function, the probability of imposing false data will be 2 ^-L , where L is the number of binary bits in the insert (in this method, L = 32), which takes into account the contextual dependence of the structure fields the team is quite acceptable.

Special cases of the control command with code 2:

- a command about an acceptable level of energy consumption intensity equal to zero completely prohibits energy consumption;

- the command about the permissible level of energy consumption at the maximum possible level removes the previously established restriction.

In the second variant of the method, a counter with a digital electrical interface is used as energy consumption meters, at the output of which information on the measured energy consumption can be obtained. This option differs from the first one in that the subscriber monitoring device periodically polls the meter readings on energy consumption via a digital electric interface, calculates the increment of the consumed amount of energy carriers between the subsequent polls as the difference between the current and previous meter readings, and calculates the intensity of their consumption as the ratio of the calculated increment to the length of the survey period.

To apply the method in conditions of power supply to territories with a high concentration of subscribers, for example, for apartment buildings, a third variant of the method is proposed, characterized in that the receiver of control commands is common to all subscriber monitoring devices included in its subordinate group, connected to subscriber monitoring devices subordinate groups him with a wired electric channel of local control, receives all control commands transmitted from the center for subscriber devices, which are part of a subordinate group, and then transmits commands through the local control channel to the corresponding subscriber monitoring devices of the group, each subscriber monitoring device of the group includes instead of the control command receiver a local control interface connected by the local control channel to the group control command receiver. This option allows you to reduce the unit cost of creating an energy metering point.

The technical result consists in the fact that due to the listed set of features, the proposed method and its options:

- provides centralized remote control of the energy supply process with the possibility of dispatching regulation of the intensity of their consumption, comprehensively for all types of energy carriers;

- does not require large expenses for the creation and operation of an expensive infrastructure of communication channels for obtaining information on energy consumption from metering points to the control center;

- provides control, correctness and timely receipt of payments from subscribers for consumed energy;

- provides protection of the control channel from the imposition of false commands and data, as well as the correct sequence of receipt of commands;

- allows you to use existing energy meters with a pulse or digital output and does not depend on their type;

- allows the use of existing controlled energy supply regulators;

- allows you to organize multi-tariff metering of energy even on the basis of single-rate meters;

- allows you to reduce the unit cost of creating a metering point in areas with a high concentration of subscribers.

From the closest analogues, the first variant of the method differs in that:

- the method provides accounting and control of the energy supply process comprehensively for different types of energy carriers;

- the list of management teams at least consists of a team informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy carrier for each of the tariff zones and the team about the acceptable level of intensity of consumption of the specified energy carrier;

- each team at least consists of the fields of the identification number of the subscriber monitoring device, the time and date the command was sent, the command code, the number of the corresponding energy carrier, data and the value of the hash function calculated for all previous fields of the command based on the key information stored in the control center, moreover, each subscriber monitoring device has its own key information;

- the control center keeps a record of payments received from subscribers for energy consumption separately for each of the current tariffs in money and units of measurement of the amount of energy carrier;

- information on the total paid amount of energy carriers for each of the existing tariffs is transmitted, indicating them in the data field of the control command sent to the address of the corresponding subscriber unit;

- if necessary, individually set the acceptable level of consumption intensity of an energy carrier, the appropriate control command is sent from the center, indicating the acceptable level of consumption intensity in the data field;

- the subscriber monitoring device selects active tariff zones for each energy carrier based on the set tariff schedule switching schedules, keeps track of the consumption of each energy carrier in each tariff zone based on counting pulses from the meters, calculates the intensity of consumption of each energy carrier based on measuring the frequency of incoming counting pulses, receives commands transmitted from the center via the control channel, verifies their authenticity by re-calculating the value of xe w-function, calculated for all fields of the received command based on the key information stored in the memory of the subscriber device, and checking it for compliance with the value of the hash function received in the command, and also checks the sequence of commands by checking the value of the date and time field for increasing in each subsequent accepted command, ignores the command, if the result of the verification of authenticity and sequence is negative, keeps track of the paid part of each energy carrier for the given tariff zones for Based on the accepted teams informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy carrier for each of the tariff zones, it calculates the balance as the difference between the consumed and paid amount of the energy carrier for each tariff zone, selects for each energy carrier the current rate of consumption acceptable depending on the balance value, the term delays in payment, a predetermined schedule and an acceptable level of intensity transmitted in the control command, and if the measured intensity of consumption is one of the energy carriers exceeds the permissible level, issues a control signal to the appropriate controller, decreasing by a predetermined amount or completely shutting off the supply of this energy, synchronizes the internal timer based on the date and time specified in the received command.

Each subscriber monitoring device consists of at least the following blocks:

- microcontroller;

- block receiver control commands;

- display unit;

- power supply.

A functional diagram of a subscriber monitoring device and an example of a circuit for connecting it to electricity, gas and water supply networks are shown in FIG. 2, where the dashed lines indicate the units included in the subscriber monitoring device (the power supply is not shown in the diagram), and the numbers indicate:

1 - control receiver unit;

2 - microcontroller;

3 - display unit;

4 - electric power meter with pulse output;

5 - contactor;

6 - consumers of electricity;

7 - gas meter with pulse output;

8 - controlled gas flow regulator;

9 - gas consumers;

10 - water flow meter with pulse output;

11 - controlled water flow regulator;

12 - water consumers;

13 - power distribution network;

14 - gas distribution network;

15 - distribution network of water supply.

For the second variant of the method in figure 2, the counters 4, 7, 10 instead of a pulse output have a digital electrical interface output connected to the digital input of the microcontroller.

For the third variant of the method of FIG. 2, instead of the control command receiver unit 1, a local control interface is connected, which is connected to the group unit of the command receiver.

Subscriber monitoring device:

- has its own unique identifier in the system;

- receives control commands directed to its address, checks the correctness of the command by calculating the hash function from the values of the fields of the command and comparing it with the value of the hash function transmitted in the corresponding field to the command;

- if the values of the hash function calculated and transmitted in the command do not match, it ignores this command;

- remembers the date and time of sending indicated in the last received correct command, compares it with the date and time of the next command, and if a command is accepted in which the earlier date is indicated, the dispatch time ignores this command;

- if a team is received informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy carrier for each tariff zone, it extracts and writes into the corresponding storage registers the absolute values of the paid amount of energy carrier for each of the existing tariffs;

- if a command has been adopted to limit the intensity of energy consumption, it extracts from the data area and writes into the appropriate register the allowable level of energy consumption;

- keeps track of the current time and calendar using the internal timer of the microcontroller;

- synchronizes the internal calendar and current time based on information about the date and time of the mandate of the team;

- selects the currently active tariff zones for each energy carrier based on the specified switching schedules of tariff zones (depending on the time of day, day of the week, month, holidays, etc.);

- on the basis of energy consumption metering from the respective meters, it takes into account the absolute values of the amount of energy consumed in each tariff zone in the respective storage registers;

- calculates the balance, as the difference between the consumed and paid amount of energy for each tariff zone;

- selects for each energy carrier the intensity of its consumption that is currently acceptable, depending on the balance between the consumed and paid amount of energy, the payment delay period, a predetermined schedule (depending on the time of day, day of the week, month, holidays, etc. ) and the acceptable level of intensity transmitted in the control team;

- if the measured intensity of energy consumption exceeds the permissible level, it issues a control signal to the regulator, decreasing by a predetermined amount or completely shutting off the supply of the corresponding energy carrier;

- maintains a journal of energy consumption archives for past periods (hour, day, month, year, etc.) and an event log (information about the arrival of control teams, emergency situations, etc.);

- provides data storage in non-volatile memory;

- has a primary and backup power supply system.

The algorithm for selecting the currently active tariff zone can be set, for example, in the form of a table-defined function, the argument of which is the time of day, and the value is the number of the active tariff zone. The function for selecting the active tariff zone can have several arguments, for example, time of day, day of the week, month, day of the year, etc. The function can be set table or algorithmically and recorded in the memory of the microcontroller of the subscriber monitoring device. The function is set separately for each type of energy carrier, taking into account current legislation, rules, tariffs, agreements and energy consumption standards.

The algorithm for choosing the currently acceptable energy consumption is to select the minimum of four values:

1. The values of the function, the argument of which is the balance between the consumed and paid amount of energy, the function can be set in a table or algorithm.

2. Values of the function, the argument of which is the value of the payment delay period (the duration of the debt for payment, measured in days), the function can be set in a table or algorithm.

3. The values of the function of a predetermined schedule, the arguments of which are the time of day, day of the week, month, day of the year, etc., the function can be set in a table or algorithm.

4. The permissible level of intensity transferred to the team from the control center of the automated energy metering system.

The permissible level of consumption intensity is selected for each type of energy carrier according to a given algorithm, stored in a special register of the microcontroller of the subscriber monitoring device.

The block diagram of the algorithm of the control program of the microcontroller for the first variant of the method is shown in Fig.3.

In block 1, the internal timer of the microcontroller is polled, and the current time and calendar date are calculated.

In block 2, the active tariff zone is selected for each type of energy carrier according to a given algorithm.

In block 3, the receiver of control commands is interrogated, and if a command directed to the device address is received, its reliability is checked by calculating the hash function for the information specified in the command and its coincidence with the value of the hash function transmitted in the command. If the values do not match, the command is ignored. In the same block, if necessary, the internal clock and calendar are adjusted based on the date and time values specified in the command.

In block 4, it is checked whether a command has been received informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy carrier for each tariff zone. If yes, then in block 5, the absolute values of the paid part of the energy carrier for each of the existing tariff zones are extracted from the command data area and recorded in the corresponding registers located in the microcontroller's memory.

In block 6, it is checked whether a command has been received about the acceptable level of energy consumption. If yes, then in block 7, the value of the permissible level of consumption intensity of the corresponding energy carrier is extracted from the command data area and recorded in the corresponding register located in the memory of the microcontroller.

In block 8, it is checked whether the next impulse is received from one of the energy metering meters. If yes, then in block 9 an increment corresponding to one pulse is added to the corresponding register-drive of the amount of consumption in the active tariff zone of the energy carrier. In addition, in this block, the energy consumption is calculated as a quotient of the increment and the length of the time interval since the receipt of the previous pulse and is recorded in the corresponding register located in the memory of the microcontroller.

In block 10, the balances for each tariff zone are calculated as the difference between the drive register of the energy carrier consumed in a given tariff zone and the register of the amount of energy carrier paid in the same tariff zone.

In block 11, acceptable levels of consumption intensity are selected for each type of energy carrier. The permissible level of consumption intensity is chosen as the minimum of four values:

- the level corresponding to the calculated balance (the correspondence function is set table or algorithmically);

- the level corresponding to the payment delay period (the correspondence function is set table or algorithmically);

- a level corresponding to a given schedule (the correspondence function is specified in a table or algorithmically);

- the level obtained in the last command about the acceptable level of energy consumption.

Block 12 compares the allowable and current levels of energy consumption. If the current level of intensity of consumption of any energy carrier exceeds the permissible, in block 13 a signal is issued to the appropriate regulator about the restriction or complete cessation of energy supply,

Next, the algorithm loop repeats.

The block diagram of the microcontroller control program algorithm for the second variant of the method differs in that in block 8 it is checked whether the next moment of interrogation of the digital interface of the meter has arrived. If yes, then in block 9 the next reading of the energy meter is read, the increment of the total amount of energy consumed is calculated as the difference between the current and previous meter readings and the consumption intensity as the ratio of the calculated increment to the polling period. The remaining blocks of the algorithm are no different.

The block diagram of the microcontroller control program algorithm for the third method variant differs in that in block 3, instead of the control command receiver, the interface of the local control channel is interrogated. The remaining blocks of the algorithm are no different.

The control center consists of a transmitter of control commands and a computer or computer network that records payments for energy consumed, the amount of energy consumed for each tariff zone, key information for calculating hash functions, information about metering points, subscribers, etc. In particular, when using a radio channel as a control channel, you can use a digital radio transmitter, for example, used for paging communications Motorola Nucleus or OM-300, manufactured by Motorola Inc.

As a microcontroller, you can choose any of the microcontrollers manufactured by the modern industry that include timers, internal memory, inputs for counting pulses and receiving data, for example, AT MEGA 128, manufactured by Atmel Corporation.

When using the radio channel as a control channel as a control command receiver, you can choose any of the small-sized VHF receivers produced by the modern industry, for example, used in Motorola Advisor pagers, manufactured by Motorola Inc.

The display unit may consist, for example, of a liquid crystal indicator, on the screen of which information on the consumed and paid amount of each energy carrier and the acceptable level of its consumption, as well as other necessary information, is displayed on a page.

As a meter for accounting for energy consumption, electricity, water and gas meters, as well as other known types of meters, produced by modern industry, can be used. The main requirement for them is the presence of an output of counted electrical pulses issued with a frequency proportional to the flow rate of the energy carrier or a digital interface with which you can get information about the meter readings. For example, for electricity metering, these requirements are met by the SOET-MZ meter manufactured by Mytishchi Electrotechnical Plant OJSC, Mytishchi; for water metering - VSKV-I type hot and cold water meters, multi-jet, vane, with pulse output, manufactured by Saransk Instrument-Making Plant OJSC, Saransk; for gas metering - pulse gas meter SG-1, manufactured by PKF Betar LLC, Chistopol.

As a regulator of the intensity of energy consumption, you can use commercially available switching devices or valves with the ability to control electrical signals. The regulator can carry out both a smooth change in the intensity of the flow of energy consumed, as well as discrete, in the simplest case, two-level regulation of the on-off type. For example, for power supply networks as a regulator, you can use a contactor - power relay type 04095, manufactured by Legrand, France; for water supply - electromagnetic valve "Neptune", LLC "Special Systems and Technologies", Moscow; for gas supply networks - gas electromagnetic shut-off valves KZGE “Plant Gazprommash” LLC, Saratov.

As a local control interface for the third variant of the method, for example, a wired electrical interface of the RS-485 standard can be used. When using the radio channel as a control channel, as a group receiver of control commands, you can select the same radio receiver as used in the first version of the method, supplementing it with a local control interface unit, for example, the RS-485 standard. Then, as a local control channel, you can use, for example, category 5 twisted pair standard wires to which the ends of the interfaces of subscriber monitoring devices and a group command receiver are connected.

The energy supply process, organized in accordance with the proposed method, looks like this:

the subscriber is connected to distribution networks of energy supply through a metering point organized according to the proposed method. The subscriber monitoring device keeps track of the amount of energy consumed on the basis of pulses or readings from energy consumption meters and, if the debt (or payment delay period) increases to a certain level, limits the allowable consumption rate, according to a predetermined algorithm. If the consumption intensity exceeded the permissible level, the subscriber monitoring device provides control signals to the appropriate regulators, limiting or completely stopping the supply of energy. To resume the normal process of energy consumption, the subscriber is forced to limit energy consumption or pay the accumulated debt. From the center to the control channel, a command is sent to the subscriber’s device about the paid amount of energy for each tariff zone. The corresponding subscriber monitoring device receives and processes the command, extracts information about the paid amount of energy carriers from it, calculates new balances, selects a new level of acceptable consumption intensity corresponding to them, issues appropriate control signals to the regulators. Further, the process is cyclically repeated.

Thus, the subscriber is forced to timely and fully pay for energy consumption, which leads to the fundamental elimination of non-payments. The energy supply process is remotely controlled from a single center. The proposed method does not require the creation of an infrastructure for information collection channels from metering points to the center and guarantees the correct and timely payment of subscribers, in contrast to energy supply methods based on the collection of consumption information with subsequent billing of subscribers, which do not guarantee the completeness and timeliness of their payment.

Claims (3)

1. The method of centralized remote control of the process of supplying energy with the possibility of regulating the intensity of their consumption, which consists in creating an automated metering and control system for energy supply, consisting of a control center, control channel and metering points for energy consumption, consumers are connected to supply distribution networks of energy supply in metering points, and each metering point at least consists of energy metering meters that have pulse e electrical outputs, subscriber monitoring device and controlled energy supply regulators, subscriber monitoring devices are controlled from the center by commands transmitted through the control channel, each subscriber monitoring device consists of at least a control command receiver, a microcontroller, a power supply and an indication unit, has its own identification number, provides data storage in non-volatile memory, keeps event logs and archives of energy consumption over the past For all periods, it has a main and backup power supply system, characterized in that the list of control commands at least consists of a team informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy source for each of the tariff zones, and a command about the permissible level of consumption intensity of the specified energy source, each team is at least consists of the fields of the identification number of the subscriber monitoring device, the time and date the command was sent, the command code, the number of the corresponding energy carrier, data and value the hash function calculated for all previous fields of the command based on the key information stored in the control center, and each subscriber monitoring device has its own key information, the control center records the payments received from subscribers for energy consumption separately for each of the current tariffs in money and in units of measurement of the consumed amount of energy, information about the total paid amount of energy for each of the existing tariffs is passed, decree Av them in the data field of the team informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy carrier for each of the tariff zones, sent to the address of the corresponding subscriber unit, if necessary individually set the acceptable level of consumption intensity of any energy carrier from the control center transmit a command about the acceptable level of energy consumption indicating in the data field of the command the permissible level of energy consumption, the subscriber monitoring device in selects, based on the given switching schedule schedules of tariff zones, the currently active tariff zones for each energy carrier, keeps track of the consumption of each energy carrier in each tariff zone based on counting pulses from the meters, calculates the intensity of consumption of each energy carrier based on measuring the frequency of incoming counting pulses, receives commands transmitted from the center via the control channel, verifies their authenticity by re-calculating the value of the hash function, calculates data for all fields of the received command based on the key information stored in the memory of the subscriber unit and checking it for compliance with the hash function value received in the received control command, and also checks the sequence of commands by checking the value of the date and time field to increase in each subsequent to the received command, ignores the control command, if the result of the authentication and sequence is negative, keeps track of the paid part of each energy carrier at the specified tariff on the basis of the accepted management teams informing about the absolute value of the paid part of the energy carrier for each tariff zone, calculates the balance as the difference between the consumed and paid amount of the energy carrier for each tariff zone, selects for each energy carrier the current rate of consumption acceptable depending on balance value, payment delay period, predetermined schedule and acceptable level of intensity transmitted in the control command, if the measured intensity The energy consumption of any energy carrier exceeds the permissible level, issues a control signal to the corresponding regulator, decreasing by a specified amount or completely turning off the supply of this energy carrier, synchronizes the internal timer based on the date and time specified in the received command. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy metering meters have an output of a digital electrical interface, according to which the subscriber switching device periodically polls the meter readings on the energy carrier consumption, calculates the increment of the consumed energy quantity for the period between two subsequent polls as the difference between the current and previous meter readings, and calculates the intensity of consumption as the ratio of the calculated increment to the length of the survey period. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is used in conditions of power supply of territories with a high concentration of subscribers, while the receiver of control commands is common to all subscriber control devices included in its subordinate group, connected with subscriber control devices subordinate to it groups by a wired local electric control channel, receives all control commands transmitted from the center for subscriber devices that are part of a subordinate group, and then broadcasts technological command channel local control devices controlling respective subscriber group, each subscriber group monitoring device incorporates a receiver instead of control commands of the local control interface connected with the local control channel multicast receiver control commands.

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