RU2312426C1 - Solar-electric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: solar-electric power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed solar-electric power plant has vertical shaft with rotational drive whose top end is coupled with horizontal shaft that mounts solar battery of photocells, as well as azimuthal turn system. Zenithal-turn automatic control system is made in the form of ball-joint link fixed on frame and on bottom base of photocell solar battery. Ball-joint link can be made in the form of rope. Top base of photocell battery can mount shock absorber such as rubber band whose bottom end is fixed on frame.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability, simplified circuit arrangement of automatic-control system and electric drives.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to solar power plants designed to convert solar radiant energy into electrical energy both in sunny weather and in cloudy weather.

Known solar power plant for converting solar radiant energy into electrical energy, including vertical and horizontal rotation shafts, the last of which has a solar photovoltaic battery, which has a system for rotating the photovoltaic orientation shaft to the sun [1].

The disadvantage of the power plant is its low efficiency, because anti-aircraft installation is done manually once a month or quarter, which corresponds to the average azimuth in latitude and time of year. The rotation of the power plant daily is carried out automatically by means of two cylindrical (left and right) thermal drives heated by sunlight, which has low reliability at low temperatures and high wind loads. The disadvantage is the complete absence of the return of the station to its original position in the evening-morning.

A solar power plant is known, including a vertical shaft with an azimuthal rotation drive, on which a platform is fixed, and at the upper end of the said shaft, above the platform, a horizontal shaft with an anti-aircraft rotation drive is mounted, on which a solar photo battery equipped with an automatic anti-aircraft and azimuthal drive system is mounted tracking the sun, including command photocells of low-current relays and actuating relays of drives of reversing motors [2].

The disadvantage of the station is its low reliability in conditions of variable or temporary cloud cover, the inability to automatically set to work position in the morning. This is because the tracking device is made on photocells placed in the tube. With a few minutes of cloudiness, in the absence of a sunbeam, this device does not work, and after a cloudy cloud the sunbeam no longer falls into the device’s tube and the station is no longer guided by the sun - failure occurs. And with variable cloudiness per day, this can happen hundreds of times. Even in pure sunny weather with the onset of night, the station "looks" at sunset, and in the morning sunrise from the east. The station cannot turn around; manual aiming is required.

A prototype of the invention is a solar power plant, which includes a frame in which a vertical shaft with an azimuthal rotation drive is installed, and a horizontal shaft with an automatic anti-aircraft rotation system is installed on its upper end, on which a solar photocell equipped with an automatic azimuthal drive system for tracking the sun and reversal from west to east.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the high metal consumption, the complexity of the design and the electrical automation system, which leads to a decrease in reliability and an increase in the cost of the power plant.

The present invention allows to obtain a new technical effect - improving reliability, simplifying the electrical circuit of automation and electric drives by half.

This technical effect is achieved by the fact that the solar power plant includes a frame in which a vertical shaft with an azimuthal rotation drive is installed, and a horizontal shaft with a zenithal rotation automation system is installed on its upper end, on which a solar photocell equipped with an automatic azimuthal tracking drive system is mounted behind the sun and the station’s turn from west to east, while the automatic anti-aircraft rotation system is made in the form of articulated traction, rigidly fixed to the frame and lower m based solar photocells. The hinge rod can be made in the form of a cable, and on the upper base of the photo-battery a shock absorber is fixed, for example a rubber harness, the lower end of which is rigidly fixed to the frame.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a solar power station, side view.

In Fig.2 - view A in Fig.1.

Figure 3 shows the electrical diagram of a power plant.

The power plant consists of a frame 1, in which a vertical shaft 3 is mounted on the thrust bearing 2 with a driving gear 4 in contact with the worm shaft 5 of the DC reversible electric drive 6 (M). The shaft 3 has the ability to rotate in the support sleeves 7 of the frame 1. At the upper end of the shaft 3 there is a horizontal shaft 8, on which the solar photovoltaic battery 10 (PV) of the power plant is mounted on the brackets 9. On the solar photovoltaic cell 10 (PV), two side, left 11 (Фл) and right 12 (Фп) command photocells are fixed.

Photocells 11 and 12 relative to the working surface of the photovoltaic battery 10 (PV), mainly installed at an angle of 250 ... 255 degrees. On the reverse side of the solar photovoltaic battery 10 (PV), an additional rear photocell 13 (Фз) is installed, mounted to the horizon plane at an angle of half the maximum zenithal angle of the sun. A hinged rod (cable) 14 is fixed on the lower base of the solar photovoltaic battery, the lower end of which is rigidly fixed to the frame 1 in the position of the maximum zenith angle of the solar photovoltaic battery 10. If a cable is used as a rod 14, a shock absorber 15 is fixed on the upper base of the solar photovoltaic 10, for example rubber harness, the lower end of which is rigidly fixed to the frame 1.

2, the dotted lines show the positions of the solar photovoltaic battery 10, rods 14 and shock absorber 15, respectively, in the western position 10a, 14a and 15a, in the eastward direction 10b, 14b and 15b. On the lower base of the photocell, a number of mounting loops 16 for attaching the rod (cable) 14 are installed in height.

The installation angles of the command photocells 11 and 12 are justified from the condition that relative to the sun's rays they are constantly at an angle of 15 ... 20 °, with reflection up to 39%, when the sun deviates by 15 ... 20 °, the working angle on one side increases by this value, but on the other decreases. Then, on the one hand, the reflection of light rays reaches 6.6 ... 9.8%, on the other hand, up to 100%. This ensures the efficiency of the above photocells.

The electric circuit of a solar power plant includes a solar photovoltaic cell "FE" of a power plant, which through the VK switch has + and - DC outputs to the consumer. An AK battery is connected to the power supply system of the power plant, and a voltmeter can also be installed to measure the voltage of the PV photovoltaic battery. It is equipped with two azimuthal command photocells — the right “Фп” and left “Фл”, connected counterclockwise to the winding of the polarized low-current relay “РП1”, as well as the command photocell “Фз”, mounted on the reverse side of the solar orientation, which is connected to the winding of the polarized relay “ RP2 ". Intermediate low-current relays “RP1” and “RP2” have a neutral armature with left and right short-circuit contacts, in the circuit of which the windings of the executive relays are installed, respectively, on “RP1” - “PC1” and “PC2”, on “RP2” - “PC3” . All actuating relays "PC1" ... "PC3" are connected directly to the power supply network of the power station through the anchors "RP1" and "RP2", and the relay "PC3" has a parallel additional circuit including normally closed contacts "PC2.2" and normally open own contacts "PC3.1".

Normally closed contacts of the executive relays “PC1” and “PC2” are connected to one phase of the power supply, for example, “+”, and their normally open contacts are connected to another phase of the power supply, for example, “-”, while each of these circuits is equipped with normally closed terminal contacts circuit breakers, respectively, “KVL” and “KVP”. Between the anchors of the RS1 and RS2 relays, a reversible DC motor M is connected. In this case, the normally open contacts of "PC2.1" are parallelized by the normally open contacts of "PC3.2".

The power plant operates as follows.

Solar photovoltaic battery “FE” of a power plant is guided by solar light rays and generates calculated electric energy from voltage and direct current. When the “VK” switch is turned on, it provides power to the consumer and the “AK” battery is charged, which, when the voltage drops on the photocell “FE”, for example, in cloudy conditions or at night, provides the consumer with power.

In the morning begins the zenithal and azimuthal movement of the sun. The sun changes its azimuthal position during the day from east to west. In this case, there is an increase in the angle of incidence of sunlight on the right photocell "FP" and the darkening of the left photocell "Fl". The right photocell generates the current that is supplied to the RP1 relay coil, the latter trips and closes the RP1 armature to the left contact and puts the current of the PC1 actuator relay under current, which opens its normally closed contacts and closes the normally open contacts PC1. 1 ”, thereby putting a reversible drive“ M ”under current (6). The latter through the worm shaft 5 and gear 4 rotates the vertical shaft 3 to the right and turns the entire station in the azimuthal position of the sun. During azimuthal alignment, both photocells "Фп" and "Фл" at a small angle to the sun's rays produce the same small currents that are balanced on the winding "RP1", the latter de-energizes and lowers its anchor "RP1". The power circuit of the executive relay "PC1" is de-energized, which releases its contact "PC1" and de-energizes the drive "M" (6). The azimuthal turn of the station stops. With a further azimuthal change in the sun, the operation is repeated until sunset.

During azimuthal rotation of the vertical shaft 3 to the right, from morning to noon, respectively, it rotates the horizontal shaft 8, with the solar photovoltaic battery 10 from position 10b. In this case, the rod 14 from the inclined position 14b goes into the vertical position 14, thereby raising the lower base of the photocell 10 to the maximum zenithal position on the horizontal shaft 8, i.e. solar photovoltaic battery 10 (PV) moves from a vertical to a horizontal position. This ensures zenithal tracking of the sun in the first half of the day.

In the afternoon, azimuthal tracking of the sun continues, i.e. further rotation of the vertical shaft 3, respectively, continues the rotation of the horizontal shaft 8 with the solar photocell 10. In this case, the rod (cable) 14 gradually increases the angle of inclination, the upper end of which changes the height relative to the frame 1 and pulls the lower base of the photo battery 10, unfolds it from horizontal to vertical position 10a by sunset, thereby providing zenithal tracking of the sun in the afternoon.

The shock absorber 15 provides the tension of the cable 14. A number of loops 16, installed in height on the lower base of the photocell 10, provide for the adjustment of the zenithal position of the photocell 10.

The power station sleeps "backwards" to the east.

In the morning at sunrise, its rays fall on the rear photocell “Фз” (13), the latter produces electric current to the coil of the relay “RP2”, which with its anchor closes the power circuit of the executive relay “PC3”. The latter closes its contacts "PC3.1" and self-locks through normally closed contacts of the relay "PC2.2", at the same time, the contacts of the relay "PC3.2" put a reversible drive "M" (6) through the worm shaft 5 and the gear wheel 4 rotates the vertical shaft 3 to the left and turns the entire station until the sun's rays fall on the left photocell "Fl" at an angle of 15 ... 20 °, i.e. when the station is oriented toward the sun at an angle of 140 ... 150 °. The latter generates an electric current to the RP1 winding of the reverse direction and closes its anchor to the right contact of RP1, thereby putting the executive relay PC2 under current, which with its contacts PC2.2 opens the power supply circuit of relay PC3, closes its contacts “RS2.1” and the power plant continues to turn as described above until the illumination of the photocells “Фп” and “Фл” is equalized. Accordingly, the de-energized relay "PC3" lowers its contacts "PC3.2" and "PC3.1", the circuit comes to its original position.

According to weather conditions (cloudiness, rain), the orientation of the power plant may cease in any of its positions, for example at any time of the day between sunrise and sunset. In this case, when the sun goes out, either the back “Фз” or “Фл” falls under the rays, and the station will in any case be oriented in the described way. In variable cloud cover, the azimuthal reversal of the sun will occur due to the operation of the "FP" photocell.

If the orientation of the station has ceased to the azimuthal angle of sunset by more than 145 ... 150 °, i.e. almost from morning until evening, the evening rays will not excite the right photocell "Фп", but they will get to the rear photocell "Фз". The station will turn to the east (to the left) in the manner described. In this case, not one of the "FP" and "Fl" will not fall under the rays of the sun. The station will unfold until it presses and turns off the KVL limit switch of the left turn restriction, remaining ready to work with sunrise. In the morning with sunrise, the rays fall on the “FP” and the azimuthal right turn of the power station is provided in the manner described, while the “KVL” limit switch is released, providing the left turn power circuit.

The KVL, KVp limit switches, which exclude emergency situations in the operation of electrical circuits, as well as possible night-time triggering from random light sources, such as headlights of cars, spotlights, etc., are included in the entire power supply circuit of the “M” drive operation.

Relay circuits can be assembled on electronic relays. Circular rotation of the station is excluded to avoid the use of a number of slip rings. This ensures round-the-clock anti-aircraft and azimuthal self-orientation of the station, simplicity and high reliability.

Information sources

1. Solar-powered sunflower. NPP "Quantum", Moscow, 2002

2. P.P. Aparisi, B.A. Garf. "The use of solar energy." M .: Academy of Sciences, 1958, pp. 39-43.

3. RF patent No. 2230395, BI No. 16, 2004. “Solar power station” (prototype).

Claims (2)

1. A solar power plant, which includes a frame in which a vertical shaft with an azimuthal rotation drive is installed, and a horizontal shaft with an automatic anti-aircraft rotation system is installed on its upper end, on which a solar photo battery is equipped, equipped with an automatic system for the azimuthal drive for tracking the sun and turning station from west to east, characterized in that the automatic control system of anti-aircraft rotation is made in the form of articulated traction, rigidly fixed to the frame and the lower base of the solar photo The batteries. 2. The solar power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the articulated traction is made in the form of a cable, and a shock absorber, for example a rubber bundle, the lower end of which is rigidly fixed to the frame, is fixed on the upper base of the photo-battery.

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