RU2289825C2 - Radiolocation station for all-around surveillance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radiolocation, possible use onboard of various aircrafts for detecting airborne and above-water objects.

SUBSTANCE: all-around surveillance radiolocation station for helicopter contains transmitting device, antenna, receiving device, device for primary processing of information, all-around vision indicator and supporting-turning device, device additionally includes device for compensating helicopter speed, analog-digital converter, device for secondary processing of information, telecode information generator, device for receiving-transmitting governmental identification signal, device for storing and transforming cartographic information.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities of radiolocation station.

2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of radar and can be used on helicopters, remotely piloted vehicles, airships and other aircraft for the detection of air and surface objects.

Known helicopter radar stations (radar), designed to view the earth and water surface:

- AN / APS-94 radar (USA) on the ЕН-60 В helicopter of the SOTAS system for detecting ground and air objects in sector 180 ([1],

- Searchwater radar (Great Britain) of the Sea King helicopter complex for early detection of aircraft in the 360 ° sector [2]

- radar "SEASPRAY 2000" (the company "Marconi", UK) for the detection of surface objects in the sector 360 ° [3],

-Ocminog-E radar (Russia) on a Ka-28 helicopter to detect marine objects in the 360 ° sector [3].

Also known is a helicopter radar for detecting small surface and surface objects with an antenna integrated into one of the rotating blades of a helicopter [3].

Closest to the claimed radar is the octopus-E helicopter radar station, selected as a prototype, used on Ka-28 helicopters and designed to detect sea targets in the 360 ° sector.

The structural diagram of the radar prototype is presented in figure 1, where:

1 - transmitting device (PU),

2 - location antenna (AL),

3 - receiver channel location (PR),

4 - device for primary processing of echo signals (UPR),

5 - indicator (I).

6 - antenna control device (UA).

The prototype uses a parabolic location antenna (AL) 2 with a size of 0.95 × 0.45 m with circular rotation, carried out using an antenna control device (UA) 6, designed to emit and receive microwave energy when viewing the sea surface. A magnetron transmitter is used to generate electromagnetic energy. This radar is incoherent and works according to the traditional principle. From a transmitting device (PU) 1 microwave pulses with a given duration and repetition rate are fed to a location antenna (AL) 2 and radiated into space. The echo signals reflected from marine objects arrive at the location antenna (AL) 2 and then to the receiving device (PR) 3, then they go to the primary processing device for echo signals (UPR) 4 and then to the indicator (I) 5. At the second input of the indicator ( I) 5 receives information about the position of the antenna (AL) 2 from the second output of the antenna control device (UA) 6.

A common disadvantage of these types of radars is:

- low detection efficiency of small objects on the background of intense reflections from the underlying surface, especially when detecting air objects on the background of land,

- the lack of the ability to determine the sign of nationality of the discovered objects,

- the inability to detect directors of active noise interference,

- lack of protection against active noise interference,

- lack of secondary processing of radar information (RLI), which results in the need to use specialized means of communication of the radar with a ground (ship) information receiving station and placing additional equipment and personnel on it to process the received radar information.

The objective of the invention is to expand the functionality of the radar, including improving the detection efficiency of small air and surface objects against the backdrop of the sea and land, the detection of directors of active noise interference, ensuring the radar noise immunity from exposure to active noise interference, determining the sign of nationality of the detected objects, introducing an automated secondary processing radar data and transmitting radar data directly to the computing facilities of the ground (ship) receiving point ma information using standard communication channels.

To solve the problem, the proposed radar, consisting of a transmitting device, an antenna, a receiving device for a location channel, a primary information processing device, a circular viewing indicator and a slewing ring, introduced a helicopter speed compensation device, an analog-to-digital converter, a secondary information processing device, shaper of telecode information, a transmitter and receiver of the state recognition channel and a device for storing and converting cartographic information.

At the same time, the transmitting device is coherent and has several values of carrier frequencies (operating points), the antenna is made in the form of a 6 × 1 m phased array, in which antennas of two different wavelength ranges (location and state recognition) are combined, a primary information processing device , the secondary information processing device and the telecode information generator are based on a digital computer, and the primary information processing device itself is implemented according to rhythms that provide primary processing of not only echo signals, but also noise active interference.

Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of the proposed radar, where:

1 - transmitting device (PU),

2 - antenna (A),

3 - receiver channel location (PR),

4 - a device for compensating the speed of a helicopter (CS),

5 - analog-to-digital Converter (ADC),

6 - primary information processing device (UPR),

7 - a device for the secondary processing of information (UVO),

8 - shaper telecode information (TKI),

9 - indicator circular view (IKO),

10 - transceiver channel state recognition (GO),

11 - a device for storing and converting cartographic information (KGI),

12 - rotary support device (OPU),

Digital computer - digital computer.

1 and 2, for simplicity, the antenna switch is not indicated (it is included in the antenna 2) and the communication is based on synchronization signals and control of the radar equipment.

As follows from the structural diagram of FIG. 2, the proposed radar includes serially connected transmitting device (PU) 1, antenna (A) 2, a receiving device for a location channel (PR) 3, a device for compensating the speed of a helicopter (CS) 4, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 5, the primary information processing device (UPR) 6, the secondary information processing device (UVO) 7 and the telecode information generator (TCR) 8, the output of which is connected to the onboard communications system (BCS) of the helicopter and is the radar output, as well as an indicator round robin and (IKO) 9, the receiving-transmitting channel state identification device (GO) 10, a storage device and converting the map information (CGI) 11, support-rotating device (OPU) 12 and a digital computer (CVM). In this case, the second, third and fourth outputs of the SVR 7 are connected respectively to the first input of the IKO 9, the second input of the device KS 4 and the input of the PU 1. The first input-output of the SVO 7 through GO 10 is connected to the input-output of the antenna 2, the second input of which is kinematically connected with the first output of the control device 12, the second output of which is connected to the second inputs of the UPR 6 and UVO 7, the third input of the SVO 7 is connected to the flight control and navigation system (PNK) of the helicopter, and the second input-output is connected to the input-output of the KGI 11 device, the output of which connected to the second input of IKO 9.

In this case, the transmitting device 1 is coherent and has several values of the carrier frequencies (operating points), the antenna 2 is made in the form of a phased antenna array of size 6x1 m, in which the antennas of two different wavelength ranges are combined, UPR 6, UVO 7 and TKI 8 are made on based on a digital computer, in addition, the UPR 6 is implemented according to algorithms that provide primary processing of not only echo signals, but also noise active interference.

The radar operates as follows.

Powerful coherent sounding pulses at one of the values of the carrier frequency of the transmitting device 1 through the antenna 2, rotating with the help of the RAM 12, are emitted into space. Reflected high-frequency echo signals, as well as active noise interference (if any) received by antenna 2, enter the receiving device of location channel 3, where, after preliminary selection, amplification, and conversion to the intermediate frequency, they pass through the COP 4 device to the ADC 5. The device’s operating principle KS 4 consists in the fact that, according to information received from UVO 7, it generates a Doppler frequency shift of the echo signal due to the speed of the helicopter (according to information from the helicopter's PNA) and the current azimuthal position a antenna chlorophylls 2 (according to information from the OPU 12), and then converts the echo to an intermediate frequency of the zero compensation of the Doppler velocity of the helicopter motion [4]. This improves the quality of the compensation of interference reflected from the underlying surface.

After conversion to digital code in ADC 5, the signal enters the UPR 6, where air and surface objects are detected, primary (relative to the helicopter axes) coordinates (range, azimuth) and radial speed of the detected objects are measured, radar protection from signals reflected from the underlying surface , detection of directors of active noise interference and measurement of their azimuth, as well as analysis of the power level of active noise interference at all carrier frequencies in the radar.

This information is issued in UVO 7, in which, based on information from the helicopter’s PNC about the coordinates, speed and course of the helicopter, the coordinates of the objects are recalculated into a rectangular coordinate system relative to the conditional reference point, the path values of the detected objects and their heading angle. According to the results of information processing in several reviews, the detected object is automatically taken for auto tracking. In addition, in UVO 7, data is calculated and transmitted to the CS 4 device to compensate for the Doppler component of the echo signal frequency caused by the helicopter movement, generate data for automatically tuning the carrier frequency of the control unit 1 to the operating frequency with a minimum interference level, generate data to enable the state recognition request when the active response signals from the receiver-transmitter device of the channel GO 10, which sends and receives through the antenna 2 the signals of the request and active response, respectively, in its wavelength range, state recognition signals are decoded and identified with the detected object. UVO 7 generates and provides the necessary information for displaying it on the screen of the IKO 9 and for transmitting it to the shaper TKI 8, where it is encoded in accordance with the requirements of the ground (ship) information receiving point and transmitted via standard radio communications to ground and ship receiving points and information processing.

The device KGI 11 contains a built-in receiver of the satellite navigation system and a calculator and provides the display on IKO 9 cartographic information of a given area, in which the radar monitors the air and surface conditions. This allows you to reduce the likelihood of tying false tracks when detecting air and surface objects. Cartographic information is recorded in the calculator KGI 11 in an amount sufficient for the operation of the radar in any hemisphere.

UPR 6, UVO 7, and TKI 8 devices are made on the basis of a specialized multiprocessor digital computer (digital computer), which is interfaced with the PNK and BCS of the helicopter and the rest of the radar equipment. Information processing and exchange programs are recorded in the permanent memory of the digital computer at the manufacturer and are not changed during the operation of the radar.

Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed radar in comparison with the prototype is to expand its functionality by introducing a helicopter speed compensation device, an analog-to-digital converter, a secondary information processing device, a telecode information shaper, a state recognition channel transmitter and receiver, and a storage device and transforming cartographic information, the operation of the transmitting device in a coherent mode, which increases the detection efficiency small air and surface objects against the background of intense reflections from the underlying surface, the use of a phased antenna array with a large aperture area and combining antennas of two different wavelength ranges for the radar channel and the state recognition channel, the use of a digital computer for joint processing of radar, interference, and navigation , cartographic information and state recognition channel information, as well as control of radar operating modes, operability control its equipment and the formation of information for transmission to ground (ship) information receiving points.

Information sources

1. Foreign Military Review, No. 4, 1982

2. Foreign Military Review, No. 4, 1984

3. Patent RU No. 2206903. "Radar Station for Helicopter". Authors: Artemyev A.I., Ganyushkin Yu.P., Guskov Yu.N., Emelyanov N.N., Kanaschenkov A.I., Krylyshkina V.A .; Mikheev S.V., Poeppkin V.N., Ratner V.D. Application No. 20011118738 with priority of July 9, 2001, IPC G 01 S 13/00.

4. Patent RU No. 2231085. "Device for compensating Doppler frequency shift." Authors: Makhrova N.N., Milyukhin S.V., Myakinkov V.G., Radaev E.Yu., Turchina A.I. Application No. 4526981 with priority of 02/13/1990, IPC G 01 S 13/58.

Claims (1)

An all-round radar station for a helicopter, comprising a transmitting device, an antenna and a receiving device for the location channel, as well as a primary information processing device, an all-round indicator and a slewing ring, the first output of which is kinematically connected to the second antenna input, characterized in that it introduced a helicopter speed compensation device, an analog-to-digital converter, a secondary information processing device, a telecode information shaper the receiver, transmitter of the state recognition channel, a device for storing and converting cartographic information, and the output of the receiver of the location channel through the helicopter speed compensation device and the analog-to-digital converter are connected to the first input of the primary information processing device, the output of which is through the first input and the first, second , the third and fourth outputs of the secondary information processing device are connected, respectively, to the input of the telecode information generator, the output of which is is the output of the radar station, the first input of the all-round visibility indicator, the second input of the helicopter speed compensation and the input of the transmitting device, the first input-output of the secondary information processing device through the transmitting and receiving device of the state recognition channel is connected to the input-output of the antenna, the second output of the rotary support device is connected with the second inputs of the primary and secondary information processing devices, the third input of which is connected to the flight-navigation complex of the helicopter, and the second input-output - with the input-output of the device for storing and converting cartographic information, the output of which is connected to the second input of the all-round indicator, while the transmitting device is coherent and has several values of carrier frequencies, the antenna is made in the form of a phased antenna array in which antennas of two different ranges are combined wavelengths, the device for primary and secondary processing of information and the shaper of telecode information are based on a digital computer, and the device is primary th information processing algorithms implemented by providing not only the primary processing of echo signals, but also noise jamming.

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