RU2247994C1 - Electric power metering system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metering equipment.

SUBSTANCE: system can be used for registration, metering and payment of consumed electric power by different users. System has recording unit being common for all users which unit is placed in power service stations, metering unit located at any user's place at the point where the unit is connected to network and information chart for any user. Recording unit provides recording of data on paid amount of electric power onto user's information chart. Metering unit provides reading information on paid amount of electric power out of user's information chart as well as permanent comparison of consumed and paid amount of electric power and switches the user from electric circuit in case the paid amount is over.

EFFECT: improved comfort, precision and quality of monitoring of electric power consumption.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a recording technique and can be used to organize online registration, metering and payment of consumed electric energy by subscribers of various types.

There are various devices and systems for registering electricity used by consumers, for example, according to copyright certificates and patents: SU No. 1647413 A1 on the "Electric meter"; SU No. 1780022 A1 on the "Method for controlling the consumption of electricity"; RU No. 2000577 C on "Device for accounting for the cost of electricity at a variable tariff."

The corresponding devices contain measuring transducers, counters, switches, matching elements, decoders, and are designed to measure and account for power consumption. If the specified operating conditions are exceeded, the consumer can be disconnected from the power supply. Common disadvantages of analogues are difficulties with the organization of operational control by energy services over the subscriber exceeding the paid electricity limit.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a device according to patent RU No. 2000577 C, MKI G 01 R 11/32. This prototype contains the first and second counters, a clock generator, a parameter determination unit, a pulse converter, and read-only memory.

In this prototype, information on the amount of energy consumed is converted into pulses whose frequency is proportional to energy consumption. From them a group of pulses is formed in accordance with the tariff, the code of which is stored in a permanent storage device. In the counter, these groups of pulses are summed, which allows you to extract information about the energy consumed.

The described device does not allow to perform a number of currently important functions. A variety of types of subscribers consuming electrical energy, and determines the variety of requirements for the organization of payment of electricity, control and accounting of its consumption. In particular, the known devices do not provide the ability for a subscriber to pay a selected certain amount of an electric power limit, to control and account for the exhaustion of this limit, to automatically disconnect a consumer from an electric power source in the event of non-renewal of payments, and also to arrange electric power supply to a subscriber through a credit system with a certain amount of credit.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the convenience, accuracy and efficiency of control and metering of electricity consumption.

The problem is solved in that the electric energy metering system containing the first clock generator and the first storage device is made in the form of a set including a recording device, an information card and a metering device, the first input-output connector, the first and second blocks being inserted into the recording device memory, the first control unit, the first address generator, random number generator, the first switch, the code block, the first decoder and the first exclusive OR block, while the output of the first clock connected to the clocked inputs of the first memory block, the first address generator and the first control unit, the output of the code dialing block through the first decoder is connected to the input of the first switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the first exclusive-OR block, the random number generator through the second memory block is connected to to the second input of the first switch and through the first address generator and the first read-only memory device connected in series to the second input of the first exclusive OR block, and its output to the input the first memory block, the other input of the first control unit is connected to the start input of the recording device, and the outputs of the first control unit are connected to the control inputs of the first address generator, first switch, first and second memory blocks, the clock input and the write / erase input of the first input-output connector , the information input of which is connected to the output of the first memory block, the third memory block and the second input-output connector are inserted into the information card, and the clock input, write / erase input, information input and read input The third memory block is connected to the corresponding outputs of the second I / O connector, the third I / O connector, the second and third control units, the fourth, fifth and sixth memory blocks, the second clock, the second and third address generators, and the second block are introduced into the metering device "exclusive OR", the second and third permanent storage devices, a comparison unit, a reversible counter, a second decoder, a paid volume indicator, a control unit, a shutdown indicator, a second switch and a measurement unit, while the output the second clock is connected to the clocked inputs of the second and third control units, the fourth, fifth and sixth memory units, the second and third address generators and the comparison unit, the output of the fourth memory unit through the fifth memory unit is connected to the input of the second exclusive OR block, and its an output through a sixth memory block, a third read-only memory device, a reverse counter and a second decoder - connected to a paid volume indicator input, the output of the second address generator is connected to another input of the fifth memory block, and the output of the third address generator through the second read-only memory device to another input of the second exclusive-OR block, the other output of the sixth memory block is connected to the input of the comparison unit, and its output is connected to one of the inputs of the third control unit and with one of the inputs of the third address generator, the other output of which is connected to the other input of the third control unit and with the input of the trip indicator, the input of the second control unit is connected to the output of the third input-output connector, and the outputs are of the third control unit - to the control inputs of the third control unit and the fourth memory unit, as well as to the clock input and read input of the third I / O connector, the outputs of the third control unit are connected to the control inputs of the fourth, fifth and sixth memory units, the comparison unit, the second and the third address generators and the reverse counter, as well as with the write / erase input of the third input-output connector, and its information output with the other input of the fourth memory block, the input of the control unit is connected to the output of the roar a positive counter, and the output is to the control input of the second switch and to another input of the shutdown indicator, the input of the second switch is connected to the mains, and its output through the measurement unit to the consumer, the information output of the measurement unit is connected to another input of the reversing counter, and the control output of the block measurements - with another control input of the reversible counter.

The implementation of the electric energy metering system in the form of a recording device, information card and metering device will improve the convenience, accuracy and efficiency of control and metering of electric energy.

Figure 1 presents a structural diagram of a recording device.

Figure 2 presents the structural diagram of the information map.

Figure 3 presents the structural diagram of the metering device.

Figure 4 presents a variant of the structural implementation of the random number generator.

Figure 5 and 6 presents options for structural implementation of the measurement unit.

Figure 7 presents graphs explaining the operation of the system.

Figure 1 shows: information card 1, first input / output connector 2, first memory unit 3, second memory unit 4, first clock generator 5, first control unit 6, first read-only memory 7, first address generator 8, random generator numbers 9, the first switch 10, the block dialing code 11, the first decoder 12, the first block "exclusive OR" 13.

Figure 2 marked: the third memory block 14 and the second input-output connector 15.

Figure 3 designates: the third input / output connector 16, the second 17 and the third 18 control units, the fourth 19, the fifth 20 and the sixth 21 memory blocks, the second clock generator 22, the second 23 and the third 24 address generators, the second block exclusive OR "25, second 26 and third 27 read-only memory, comparison unit 28, reverse counter 29, second decoder 30, paid volume indicator 31, control unit 32, shutdown indicator 33, second switch 34, measurement unit 35, card identification unit 36.

Figure 4 marked: decoder 37, clock 38 and counter 39.

Figure 5 marked: voltage meter 40, current meter 41, the first 42 and second 43 analog-to-digital converters, a multiplier 44, a write generator 45, a read generator 46, an adder 47.

Figure 6 marked: electromechanical sensor 48, shaper 49, read-only memory 50.

On the graphs explaining the operation of the system (Fig. 7), the following are indicated: part (length M bits) of the reference code sequence 51 preceding the control and information groups; control code group 52 (length L ₁ bit); information code group 53 (length L ₂ bits); the remainder of the reference code sequence 54 (length MML ₁ -L ₂ bits).

In Fig. 1, an information card 1 is inserted into the first input / output connector 2. The clock generator 5 is connected to the inputs of the first memory unit 3, the first control unit 6 and the first address generator 8. A start input is connected to the first control unit 6, and the outputs of the first unit control 6 are connected to the inputs of the first memory block 3, the first address generator 8, the second memory block 4 and the first switch 10, as well as the first input-output connector 2. Code dialing unit 11 is connected to the input via a bus consisting of several parallel wires per second decoder 12, and its output - to the first switch 10. The random number generator 9 through the second memory block 4 is connected to the first switch 10 and through the first connected memory generator 8, the first storage device 7, the first block OR 13 with the first memory unit 3.

The output of the first switch 10 is connected to the input of the first exclusive OR block 13, and the output of the first memory block 3 is connected to the first input-output connector 2.

In figure 2, the third memory unit 14 is connected to the second input / output connector 15.

In Fig.3, the third input / output connector 16 is connected to the inputs of the second control unit 17, the fourth memory unit 19, the input of the reversible counter 29, and with the outputs of the second 17 and third 18 control units. The second clock generator 22 is connected to the inputs of the second 17, third 18 control units, the inputs of the fourth 19, fifth 20 and sixth 21 memory blocks, the second 23 and third 24 address generators and the input of the comparison unit 28. The outputs of the second control unit 17 are connected to the inputs of the fourth block memory 19 and the third control unit 18, and its outputs with the inputs of the fourth 19, fifth 20 and sixth 21 memory blocks, second 23 and third 24 address generators, and with the input of the comparison unit 28. The outputs of the fourth block are connected to the inputs of the fifth memory block 20 memory and 19 and the second address generator 23, and the output of the fifth memory block 20 through the second exclusive OR block 25 and the sixth memory block 21 is connected to the input of the third permanent storage device 27. The output of the sixth memory block 21 is connected to the input of the comparison unit 28, and outputs - with the inputs of the third control unit 18, the third address generator 24, its output through the second read-only memory 26 - with the input of the second block "exclusive OR" 25.

The inputs of the reverse counter 29 are connected to the outputs of the third permanent storage device 27, the measuring unit 35, and the output of the reverse counter 29 is connected to the input of the control unit 32 and through the second decoder 30 to the indicator of the paid volume 31. The output of the control unit 32 is connected to the shutdown indicator 33 and with the second switch 34, which is also connected to the mains and to the measuring unit 35, the output of which is connected to the consumer of electricity. One of the outputs of the third address generator 24 is also connected to the inputs of the third control unit 18 and the shutdown indicator 33.

In figure 4, the clock 38 through the counter 39 is connected to the decoder 37.

In Fig. 5, the power supply via a current meter 41 and a voltage meter 40 is connected to a consumer of electricity. The outputs of the current meter 41 and the voltage meter 40 through respectively the second 43 and first 42 analog-to-digital converters are connected to the input of the multiplier 44, the output of which is connected to the input of the adder 47, its other inputs are connected to the outputs of the recording generator 45 and the reading generator 46.

6, the electromechanical sensor 48 is connected via a shaper 49 to a read-only memory 50.

Blocks of all devices work as follows.

In the recording device (Fig. 1), the first input-output connector 2 serves to supply clock information (clock pulses) to the information card 1; a signal controlling the recording of information on the information card and erasing the recorded information; a signal in a binary binary code that writes coding symbols to an information card to prevent unpaid use of electricity and card identification, as well as containing information about the amount of electricity paid by the subscriber once again.

The first memory block 3 is used to store the code word recorded in parallel code (containing encrypting information symbols), convert it into a serial code and feed it through the first input-output connector 2 to the information card 1. The operation of the block is synchronized by the clock generator 5, the operation mode is determined the first control unit 6. Parallel binary code is supplied from the first block "exclusive OR" 13.

The second memory block 4 is used to record a random number generated by the random number generator 9. A random number of several bits in the parallel code is written to this memory block by the control signal of the first control unit 6 at the time the control signal arrives and is stored in the memory block until the next moment of arrival control signal.

The first clock generator 5 generates clock pulses that control and synchronize the operation of the first control unit 6, the first memory unit 3 and the first address generator 8.

The first read-only memory 7 contains a reference code sequence of random numbers grouped by groups, for example bytes. Bytes are written in addresses with sequentially increasing numbers, starting from zero. A binary word of a certain length (1 byte) is extracted to its output in parallel code. The address of this byte is set in parallel code by the first address generator 8.

The random number generator 9 runs continuously, generating random multi-bit (for example, 8 bits) random numbers.

The first switch 10 is used to connect to its multi-channel output multi-bit (for example, 8 bit) binary signal from one of its two multi-channel inputs. Which of the inputs is connected to the output is determined by the control signal of the first control unit 6.

The code block 11 is used to enter into the device information on the amount of money contributed by the subscriber and, accordingly, on the amount of electricity paid. After the payment by the subscriber, the operator (cashier) in the energy service enters certain information into this code block 11, corresponding to the amount entered (the block can be implemented, for example, as a key unit). The first decoder 12 converts the information received from the code set block 11 into the corresponding parallel binary code.

The first block “exclusive OR” 13 performs a logical operation on two multi-bit binary words received at its two inputs. The number of digits of both words is the same. The operation is performed separately with each pair of bits in the same positions. (In this case, one bit is taken from the first position of both signals, this logical operation is performed on them, and the result is placed in the first position of the output multi-bit word. At the same time, bits from the second position of both input signals are taken, and the result of their logical processing is placed in the second output signal position, etc.).

If x ₁ is the bit of one signal and x ₂ is another signal, then after the exclusive-OR operation, its result is determined by the formula:

The first control unit 6 generates signals that control the operation of other units. The first input-output connector 2 is fed a signal that controls the recording of information in the information card, and a signal with a certain number of clock pulses to synchronize this process. The first 3 and second 4 memory blocks and the first address generator 8 and the first switch 10 are supplied with signals that control their operation modes.

In the information card (Fig. 2), signals are sent to the third memory block 14 from the second slot 15, which control its operation and transfer encoded information either to the memory block (when the card is connected to the recording device) or from the memory block (if the card is connected to the device accounting).

Each cell of the memory block stores one bit. In the absence of clock pulses, the memory unit 14 stores previously recorded information.

With the appearance of clock pulses on its sync input, the block is activated. The mode of its operation is determined by the control signals at the inputs of recording and reading. When a control potential appears at the recording input, the previous information from the memory block is erased, and with the arrival of each new clock pulse, bit-by-bit recording of binary characters into cells begins, starting from the zero address in sequence with increasing cell number. If the control potential disappears at the recording input and clock pulses, the recording stops and the unit goes into storage mode. Recordable binary characters are supplied from connector 15 to the information input of the memory unit. When a control potential appears at the recording input and there are no clock pulses, only all previously recorded information is erased.

With the advent of the control potential at the read input and with the arrival of clock pulses, the read mode is activated and the bit-by-bit reading of the binary characters recorded in the memory unit begins.

Symbols arrive at the input-output connector 15 from the same information input of the memory block. When reading, the information recorded in the memory block is not damaged and remains in the block. Reading begins with a cell of the zero address and is carried out sequentially in ascending order of the number of memory cells. If the control potential disappears and each time it is resumed, reading begins each time again from the cell with the zero address.

In the accounting device (Fig. 3), the third input-output connector 16 is used to connect to the second input-output connector 15 of the information card. In addition, when a card is inserted into the slot 16, a signal is sent to the second control unit 17 that the card is inserted and information can be read from it.

The second control unit 17 serves to organize the reading of information from the metering card. To this end, it generates a clock and control signals supplied to the third input / output connector 16, as well as to the fourth memory block 19.

Upon completion of the reading, he reports the control signal to the third control unit 18 and transfers control of the further operation of metering devices to him.

The third control unit 18 generates control signals for the fourth 19, fifth 20 and sixth 21 memory blocks, the second 23 and third 24 address generators, as well as the comparison unit 28.

In case of successful reading of information from the card and verification of its authenticity, the third control unit 18 also generates an information signal to the reverse counter 29 about the need to read the processed information, as well as a signal to the third input-output connector 16 and then to the information card that erases the previously recorded data information.

The fourth memory block 19 reads from the third I / O connector a set of binary bits in the serial code and stores it. Further, according to the signal of the third control unit, it generates groups of characters in parallel code (for example, 8 bits each, forming a byte).

The fifth memory unit 20 writes these bytes to addresses located in sequence, starting from the zero address, guided by a control signal from the third control unit 18.

Also, the third control unit 18 switches the fifth memory unit into read mode, while the output of the fifth memory unit is supplied with bytes recorded at addresses whose binary number is determined by a multi-channel signal from the second address generator 23.

The sixth memory block 21 writes a binary code group (for example, bytes) to its multichannel input from the second exclusive-OR block 25. Recording is done in groups (bytes) in the cells, starting from the group zero address by command from the third control unit 18 . One group (byte) is recorded in each cell, in addition, information recorded in the cells of predetermined numbers is constantly supplied to the third read-only memory 27 and to the comparison unit 28.

The second clock 22 generates clock pulses that synchronize the operation of other blocks.

The second address generator 23, upon supplying the control signal from the control unit, begins to generate a binary code at its outputs, starting from zero, which is the number of the cell from which the byte is read in the fifth memory unit 20.

When the supply of the control signal is interrupted and after that it is supplied again, the binary code generation by the second address generator 23 starts again from zero, regardless of what number he managed to count in the previous cycle.

The third address generator 24, when a control signal is supplied from the third control unit 24, starts generating a binary code that sequentially increases from a certain initial number. In the first cycle, this seed is zero. In the case of the arrival of a control pulse from the comparison unit 28, the next initial number when starting from the control unit in the next cycle will be one. In the next (third) cycle, when the control pulse arrives from the comparison unit 28, the initial number will be two, and so on. Thus, with the arrival of control pulses from the comparison unit, with each new control pulse in a certain cycle, the beginning of the generated numerical sequence will constantly increase. (Suppose, for example, that the third address generator 24 needs to call a group of 5 bytes each time. Then in the first cycle a sequence of cell numbers will be generated, from where the bytes are called, having the form: 0-1-2-3-4; in the second cycle, a sequence of cell numbers 1-2-3-4-5 has been worked out; in the third cycle, 2-3-4-5-6, etc.).

In the event that the third address generator 24 with a constant cyclic increase in the number of the first byte of the code group exhausts the entire memory of the second read-only memory 26, it generates a control signal, which is fed to the third control unit 18 and to the shutdown indicator 33.

The appearance of this control signal indicates either an error reading the information card, or damage to the information recorded on it, or an attempt to use a fake card. In this case, the third control unit 18 suspends the operation of the device, which can again be resumed by re-inserting the card into the third input / output connector 16, while the whole process will be repeated again.

The second block “exclusive OR” 25 calculates the logical function “exclusive OR” from two multi-bit binary input signals (similar to the operation of block 13). The operation is performed in parallel with each pair of bits in the same bits. The result is entered in the same category.

The second read-only memory 26 comprises a reference code sequence representing random binary numbers grouped by bytes. Bytes are written continuously to cells with increasing numbers, starting from zero. At the same time, the byte whose cell address is currently arriving in the form of a binary code from the third address generator 24 is supplied to the output of the storage device.

The third read-only memory 27 contains information about the different amount of payment, encrypted with a code determined by the first decoder 12.

Each code variant has its own payment. This code is supplied to the multi-channel input of the storage device 27 from certain cells of the sixth memory block 21. As a result, the payment amount corresponding to this code is output to the output of the storage device 27.

The comparison unit 28 compares the numbers recorded in certain cells of the sixth memory unit 21. The comparison begins after filling a certain number of cells. In case of mismatch of the numbers recorded in these cells (which indicates a reading defect), the comparison unit generates a control signal.

The reversible counter 29 adds up the number coming from the third read-only memory 27 with the one already in the counter, and also subtracts the number coming from the measuring unit 35 from the already-existing number. The addition mode is set by the control signal from the third control unit 18, the subtraction mode is set by the control signal from the measurement unit 35. In the case of their simultaneous receipt, the addition control signal has priority.

The second decoder 30 converts the binary code from the outputs of the reverse counter 29 into a code that controls the digital indicator of the paid volume 31.

The paid volume indicator 31 displays the amount of electricity currently paid (for example, in kilowatt hours).

The control unit 32 constantly compares the current value of the paid volume with a certain threshold. If it falls below the threshold, it generates a disconnecting voltage to the second switch 2.

The threshold can be either zero or some negative number in the case of organizing a credit form of payment.

The shutdown indicator 33 produces a certain type of optical or sound signal (or both together) in case of payment exhaustion, and a different type of signal in case of an error reading the information card.

The second switch 34 disconnects the power supply network from the consumer (subscriber) in the event of a disconnecting voltage from the control unit 32.

The measuring unit 35 continuously measures the current power consumed by the subscriber from the network, summarizes it over a period of time and periodically as a digital code submits the value of the electrical energy consumed during this period to the reversible meter 29. (The period may be, for example, 1 hour ; 0.1 hours, etc.).

All blocks and nodes that determine the identity of the card, and extracting information from it, are combined into a card identification unit 36.

In a variant of the structural implementation of the random number generator 9 (Fig. 4), the decoder 37 converts the code at the output of the counter 39 into the code required for the operation of subsequent blocks.

The clock 38 operates continuously and generates clock pulses arriving at the binary counter 39.

The binary counter 39 at the parallel output generates an ever-increasing binary code. When the counter is full, the code cyclically takes a zero value. Since the moment of requesting the number from the decoder 37 is random and depends on the start of the recording device (i.e., the start of the first control unit 6), and the frequency of the clock generator 38 is selected sufficiently large, the numbers received from the decoder 37 are quite random.

In the embodiment of the structural implementation of the measurement unit 35 (Fig. 5), the voltage meter 40 and the current meter 41 generate signals proportional to the voltage in the mains and the current consumed by the subscriber.

The first 42 and second 43 analog-to-digital converters convert the input analog signals from current and voltage meters into a binary digital code.

The multiplier 44 provides continuous digital multiplication of the input multi-bit binary signals.

The digital adder 47 periodically sums the code coming from the multiplier 44 with a previously fixed number. The frequency of the summation is determined by the clock pulses from the recording generator 45 (this frequency can be pre-set equal to, for example: 0.1 s; 1 s; 10 s; etc., depending on the expected rate of change of load for this consumer). After a certain period, the recorded information, which is the amount of electricity consumed by the subscriber for this period, is deducted in the reverse meter 29 from the previously paid amount of electricity.

These periods are set by the pulses generated by the erase generator 46. (Their frequency may be equal, for example, 1 hour). Simultaneously with the transfer of information from the adder 47 to the reversible counter 29, the adder 47 is reset and all information from it is deleted.

In another embodiment of the structural implementation of the measuring unit 35 (Fig. 6), the electromechanical sensor 48 gives a signal after consuming a certain portion of electricity (for example, in household electricity meters this portion is determined by one revolution of the disk).

In the shaper 49, this signal turns into a pulse of a certain kind.

In the read-only memory 50, a digital code of a portion of electric energy corresponding to one revolution of the disk of the electromechanical sensor 48 is constantly entered.

This code and pulses are fed to a reversible counter.

The principle of operation of the electric energy metering system is as follows.

In the normal functioning of the system, one recording device is used that is common to all subscribers, located in the energy services, and one metering device, located at each consumer-subscriber in the place of its connection to the power grid. Each subscriber also has his own information card.

Each subscriber periodically pays a certain amount of electricity in the energy service according to his needs and current tariff. After payment, the cashier operator writes information on the paid amount of electricity, encrypted in a certain way, to the information card of this subscriber, as well as a set of code symbols that prevent an attempt to counterfeit the card or enter the payment information on its own.

After that, the subscriber places the information card in his own metering device installed in the place of energy consumption. The amount of paid volume is read from the card into the memory of the metering device and added there to the remaining available paid volume. At the same time, the correct reading, the authenticity of the card and the information recorded on it are also checked.

If the codes do not match, a read error message is issued. In this case, with the correct card, the subscriber must remove it from the connector of the metering device and insert it again. In the case of a fake card, the subscriber must insert the correct card.

As electricity is consumed, the value of the recorded paid volume is constantly decreasing. Its balance is constantly displayed for monitoring by the subscriber. If the subscriber has exhausted all the paid volume, the control device automatically disconnects it from the power supply, giving a certain light (sound) signal. In the case of a credit form of payment, the subscriber is disconnected after the credit has been exhausted.

When the subscriber again pays for a certain amount of electricity, enters it into the information card and transfers it from the card to the metering device, it will reconnect the subscriber to the mains.

The implementation of these enlarged operations is as follows.

All binary signals are grouped for the device into code groups of 8 bits (in bytes), although any other number of bits in the group is possible.

In the first 7 and second 26 read-only memory devices, the same reference code sequence consisting of n bytes (N = 8n bits) is the same for both devices. For example, let its length be 256 bytes (another value is possible). Each byte is a random number obtained in advance either by a random number generator, or taken during programming from random number tables.

The length of the information code group that transfers information about the amount of electricity paid during the last visit to the energy service is l ₂ bytes (L ₂ = 812 bits).

The length of the control code group used to check the information card in the metering device is l ₁ byte (L ₁ = 81 ₁ bit). The lengths l ₁ and l ₂ make up a fraction of n, (l ₁ + l ₂ ) <n.

Both code and information code groups are formed from a reference code sequence. All bytes of the reference code sequence are numbered (first number = 0).

In the recording device, a certain number m is selected, which is the number of a specific byte from the reference code sequence.

When forming the control group, l ₁ sequentially arranged bytes are selected from the reference code sequence, starting from byte number m (number m is also a byte, because the total number of reference bytes is 8 ⁸ = 256).

Further, each byte of a group of bytes of length l ₁ selected from the reference sequence is combined by the logical operation “exclusive OR” with the same byte m.

The combination in each byte is performed bit by bit in the same positions (the first bit of byte m with the first bit of the byte of the reference sequence, the second with the second, etc.). The received bits - the results of a logical operation - are inserted at the same positions.

In a similar way, all selected source l ₁ bytes of the reference sequence are processed, forming a new control code group also l ₁ bytes long.

To form the information code group, l ₂ bytes of the reference code sequence are used, located immediately after l ₁ bytes that formed the control code group. To do this, all these l ₂ bytes are also combined with an exclusive OR operation with some other eight-bit binary number K (also equal to one byte).

The received two code groups with a total length l = l ₁ + l ₂ bytes in a serial code are bit-wise written to the memory of the information card.

When the card is placed in the metering device, the information recorded in it is also read out bit by bit and forms in the device memory the same general code group with the length l = l ₁ + l ₂ bytes.

In the memory of the metering device, the same reference code sequence was initially and constantly entered as in the recording device.

Next, information is authenticated. Since the accounting device does not know in advance from which part of the reference code sequence the control and information code groups are formed by the recording device, i.e. the quantity m is unknown, then it is determined by searching. Here we use the following property of the logical operation “exclusive OR”.

vx

- результат объединения двоичных переменных х и а операцией “исключающее ИЛИ”.Let x be a bit of a code sequence located in a certain position, and let be some binary variable. Denote by y = x + a = x

vx

- the result of combining the binary variables x and a with an exclusive OR operation.

We again apply the exclusive-OR operation with the bit x to the variable y and obtain a new variable z, i.e. z = x + y.

Then

v

a)v

(x

v

a)=x(x

·

a)v

x

v

a=z = x (x

v

a) v

(x

v

a) = x (x

·

a) v

x

v

a =

va)·(xv

)]v

a=x(

xvaxv

va

)v

a== x [(

va)

)] v

a = x (

xvaxv

va

) v

a =

)v

a=xx avx

v

a=xav

a== x (axv

) v

a = xx avx

v

a = xav

a =

(xv

)a=a.

(xv

) a = a.

=а

=0;

=

.)(Using the properties of x

= a

= 0;

=

.)

Thus, reusing the exclusive-OR operation again restores the original binary variable a.

Therefore, if the control code group obtained from the information card is combined in the accounting device for this logical operation with the bytes of the reference code sequence stored in the second read-only memory 26 from the number m, the result is l ₁ identical binary numbers - bytes, each of which is equal to m. This is because in the recorder the same l ₁ bytes of the same reference sequence are combined by the same logical operation with the same number m.

If the control code group is “combined” with any other segment of the reference code sequence (also of length l ₁ ), then the result will never be l ₁ identical bytes.

This is used to verify the correctness of the card. The control code group adopted in the metering device is initially bitwise combined with an exclusive OR operation with a part of the reference code sequence of length l ₁ starting from the byte of the zero address. If the resulting bytes are not equal to each other, then the compared part of the reference sequence is shifted, i.e. processing begins with byte number 1. If different bytes are obtained again, processing is performed from byte number 2, etc.

Thus, the control sequence “moves” along the reference sequence until it reaches the place where after logical processing all the bytes will be the same. This is the number m that was entered in the recorder.

If it is necessary to increase secrecy, the value m obtained by the logical operation can be additionally controlled by the number of the first byte of the region of the reference sequence, where the condition of equality of all l ₁ received after the logical operation of the bytes has been fulfilled. If this is not necessary, then the region of the reference code sequence that is not necessarily selected for the formation of the control group is logically processed with the number m of its first byte. It is enough to process all l ₁ bytes with any other binary eight-bit number (but the same for all bytes of the area!).

If the "movement" of the control group along the reference sequence reaches the byte of the number nl ₁ -l ₂ , and the condition of equality of all bytes of the result of the logical operation is not fulfilled, this means that the information card is defective (there may be different reasons for this). The control unit signals this, further analysis is terminated until the next placement of the card in the device.

If, when the control group is shifted along the reference sequence, its correct position is found, this means that the following l ₂ bytes of the reference sequence are allowed to be used to decrypt the information contained in the information code group. Decryption is performed similarly, combining bit by bit with the logical operation “exclusive OR” bytes with the corresponding numbers from the reference code sequence and the received information code group.

The result is l ₂ bytes, each of which is equal to the number K recorded in the recording device. This number indicates how much electricity the subscriber paid this time and is used in further processing.

If it is necessary to perform additional authentication of the card, then (since there are several information bytes), the equality of all K received by the logical operation in all information bytes can also be additionally verified. If this is not necessary, then the information group can consist of only one byte (i.e., l ₂ = 1).

After identification of the card and calculation of K, both code groups from the memory of the information card are erased.

Based on the obtained K, a number is calculated that is added to the available amount of paid volume.

The described principle in blocks is implemented as follows:

The random number generator 9 produces the number m. It is stored in the second memory block 4. The first decoder 12 forms the number K. The first address generator 8 sequentially extracts from the reference code sequence recorded in the first read-only memory 7, l ₁ + l ₂ bytes starting with number m. Moreover, the first l ₁ of them are processed by the logical operation “exclusive OR” in the first block 13 with the number m. Subsequent l ₂ bytes are processed in the same block 13 with the number K. Switching from the number m to the number K is performed in the first switch 10.

Both forming code groups are accumulated in the first memory block 3 and after completion of formation in a serial code through the first input-output connector 2 are fed to the information card 1.

In the metering device, the card identification unit 36 through the third I / O connector 16 reads both code groups in a serial code, and in the fourth memory block 19 bits are grouped into bytes, which are further processed in parallel code.

After the formation of both code groups are transferred to the fifth memory block 20. Then there is a simultaneous sequential call of the bytes from the fifth memory block 20 and from the second read-only memory 26. The addresses of the extracted bytes are generated in the second 23 and third 24 address generators. The generator 23 generates addresses, starting from zero, with each new start. The start address generated by the generator 24 in the first cycle is also zero. In each next cycle (with “unsuccessful” previous cycles), the starting address increases by one. The signal that the cycle is “unsuccessful”, i.e. the control group is not formed from the bytes of the reference sequence with which it is jointly processed in this cycle, is supplied by the comparison unit 28. It compares the values of the bytes recorded in the sixth memory block 21, where the results of logical processing of the bytes of the new group and the reference sequence in this cycle are sequentially written .

If the card is identified, then the value K is extracted from the corresponding cell of the sixth memory block 21.

If it is necessary to transmit information larger than that contained in one byte, then you can use several information bytes, each of which has its own number: K1, K2, K3, etc.

The number K is a code that extracts information about the amount of electricity paid this time from the third permanent storage device 27.

The signal from the third control unit 18 allows the reverse counter 29 to summarize this value to the remaining paid volume.

The amount of paid volume is continuously displayed on the indicator of paid volume 31.

The principle of operation of the measurement unit of FIG. 5 is that the digital readout of the current consumed power is summed with a sufficiently high frequency, forming in the adder 47 the amount of energy consumed. This accumulated value is read into the reversible counter 29 at equal time intervals determined by the read generator 46. The read values in the general case can naturally have different values each time, which is determined by the current load level.

In the measurement block of FIG. 6, the same value is always read in the counter 29, and the current load level is reflected in the time intervals between readings and is determined by the current rotation speed of the electromechanical sensor 48.

The use of card identification unit 36 in the system ensures secrecy and security of information transfer and prevents the use of fake cards.

The use of the electric energy metering system makes it possible to increase the convenience, accuracy and efficiency of monitoring and accounting for electricity consumption by various types of subscribers, and to arrange in a modern form payment for energy in the amount required for each subscriber.

Claims (1)

An electric energy metering system comprising a first clock generator and a first read-only memory device, characterized in that it is made in the form of a set including a recording device, an information card and a metering device, the first input / output connector, the first and second blocks being inserted into the recording device memory, the first control unit, the first address generator, random number generator, the first switch, the code dialing unit, the first decoder and the first exclusive OR block, while the output of the first clock generator and connected to the clocked inputs of the first memory block, the first address generator and the first control unit, the output of the code dialing block through the first decoder is connected to the input of the first switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the first exclusive-OR block, the random number generator is connected through the second memory block to the second input of the first switch and through the first address generator and the first read-only memory device connected in series - to the second input of the first block “exclusive OR”, and its output - to the input of the first memory unit, the other input of the first control unit is connected to the start input of the recording device, and the outputs of the first control unit are connected to the control inputs of the first address generator, the first switch, the first and second memory units, the clock input and the write / erase output of the first input connector output, the information input of which is connected to the output of the first memory block, the third memory block and the second input-output connector are inserted into the information card, and the clock input, write / erase input, information input and input the readings of the third memory block are connected to the corresponding outputs of the second I / O connector, the third I / O connector, the second and third control units, the fourth, fifth and sixth memory blocks, the second clock, the second and third address generators, the second block are introduced into the metering device “Exclusive OR”, second and third permanent storage devices, a comparison unit, a reversible counter, a second decoder, a paid volume indicator, a control unit, a shutdown indicator, a second switch and a measurement unit, at m the output of the second clock generator is connected to the clock inputs of the second and third control units, the fourth, fifth and sixth memory units, the second and third address generators and the comparison unit, the output of the fourth memory unit through the fifth memory unit is connected to the input of the second exclusive OR block, and its output through a sixth memory block connected in series, a third read-only memory, a reverse counter and a second decoder to the input of the paid volume indicator, the output of the second address generator is connected to another input of the fifth memory block, and the output of the third address generator through the second read-only memory device is connected to another input of the second exclusive OR block, the other output of the sixth memory block is connected to the input of the comparison unit, and its output is connected to one of the inputs of the third block control and with one of the inputs of the third address generator, the other output of which is connected to the other input of the third control unit and to the input of the trip indicator, the input of the second control unit is connected to the output of the third input-output connector, and the outputs of the second control unit to the control inputs of the third control unit and the fourth memory unit, as well as to the clock input and read output of the third input-output connector, the outputs of the third control unit are connected to the control inputs of the fourth, fifth and sixth memory units, the comparison unit, the second and third address generators and a reversible counter, as well as with the write / erase input of the third input-output connector, and its information output with the other input of the fourth memory block, the input of the control unit is connected to the output of the reversible counter, and the output to the control input of the second switch and to another input of the shutdown indicator, the input of the second switch is connected to the mains, and its output through the measurement unit to the consumer, the information output of the measurement unit is connected to another input of the reverse counter, and the control output measurement unit - with another control input of the reversible counter.

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