RU2241193C2 - Antiaircraft guided missile system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment, in particular, short range antiaircraft missile systems designed for destruction of air targets.

SUBSTANCE: the antiaircraft guided missile system has a rotating turret installed on the carrier, launcher with missiles positioned on the turret, the missiles are provided with homing heads, launcher guidance aids, communication facilities, digital computer and a control console, a passive infrared station is introduced as a means for target detection, the station has a receiver of infrared radiation installed on the launcher and made for circular scanning, and a co-ordinate discrimination unit installed in the turret and coupled to the receiver of infrared radiation and to the digital computer. Besides, modifications of the antiaircraft missile system are offered. The first modification is characterized by the fact that the system control console is made detachable-remote for remote control of combat operation. The second modification - by the fact the digital computer of the system is coupled to several other antiaircraft guided missile systems not provided with target detection facilities with possibility of transmission of the target indication co-ordinates to them. The third modification - by the fact that the system control desk is coupled to several antiaircraft guided missile is coupled to several antiaircraft guided missile systems with possibility of a simultaneous control of their coordinated combat operation.

EFFECT: expanded potentialities of use of the antiaircraft guided missile system in the conditions of low visibility, intensive radio interferences, as well as against targets in the conditions of radio silence at a high concealment and protection of the crew.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, namely to short-range anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM), and is intended to destroy airborne, mainly low-flying, targets.

The following analogues of the claimed invention are known.

Mobile short-range air defense systems “Roland-1” and “Roland-2” (Germany-France) [1]. In these complexes, target detection is carried out by a radar station (radar), and target tracking and missile guidance are performed using optical and infrared (IR) devices, respectively. In the second modification of the complex, radar for target tracking was additionally used.

SAM “Rapier 2000” (USA) [1, 2], designed to protect strategic objects from aviation, has a modular design and consists of three modules, each of which is placed on a separate trailer. The main module is the launcher, which houses anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM) and an optical-electronic system (ECO) for automatic target and missile tracking. On the second trailer there is a radar for viewing and detecting targets, on the third - a two-beam radar for tracking targets and missiles. The missile control system is radio command, missile commands are transmitted through the transmitter, which is part of the tracking radar.

Multipurpose missile system ADATS (Air Defense Anti-Tank System) [1], developed jointly by Switzerland and the United States, is designed to destroy both air and ground targets. Target detection in ADATS is carried out using radar, missiles are guided by a laser beam.

The short-range air defense system “Crotale NG” [1, 3] is designed to protect armored units on the march and stationary objects from massive attacks by enemy aircraft and helicopters. On one platform are launchers with SAM, radar target detection, radar target tracking and direction finding missiles, optical equipment: front view system FLTR (Forward Looking Infrared Receiver), daytime television camera with a telemetry tracking target and missiles, infrared direction finder capture missiles and its guidance during the first seconds of flight.

The Tunguska M1 anti-aircraft missile and cannon complex (ZRPK) (USSR) [4] contains cannon and rocket armaments combined in a single combat vehicle, radar and optical systems for detecting, tracking and controlling fire using common means for aiming cannons and aiming SAM systems: Radar detection, radar tracking, sighting optical equipment, computer system.

Combat vehicle SAM "Strela-1" and "Strela-10" (USSR) [5] is equipped with a launcher mounted on a rotating turret with four missiles in transport-launch containers, means for detecting targets and aiming, communications and a control panel. Detection and aiming tools contain a passive direction finder and an optical sight. After the rocket is launched, its guidance on the target is carried out by the homing head.

ZRPK “Pantsir-S” [4], also known by Russian patents [6, 7, 8], is a modification of the complex “Tunguska M1”. The complex contains a turret with a guidance drive, launchers with anti-aircraft missiles placed on it, anti-aircraft guns, target detection radars, target and missile tracking radars, and a computer system.

ZRPK patent RU 2131577 [8] should be recognized as the closest analogue of the claimed invention. An optical-electronic system (OES) is located on the ZRPK tower, which includes a thermal imaging device with a teleautomaton, an infrared direction finder, an antenna with a transmitter for commands to SAM and ECO guidance drives.

An analysis of the military conflicts of recent years has revealed the need for the creation of an all-day short-range anti-aircraft missile system, effective in combating targets moving in the radio silence mode, which at the same time would have high stealth during combat work and crew protection in case of launcher defeat.

The listed analogues do not satisfy these requirements.

The complexes “Roland-1”, “Roland-2”, “Rapier 2000”, ADATS, “Crotale NG”, “Tunguska M1”, and SAM systems according to patent RU 2131577 can provide effective detection in the fight against targets moving in radio silence mode, but at the same time they do not possess sufficient secrecy from enemy intelligence systems. Active radar, which are used in the combat work of each of them, can lead to their rapid detection and defeat. In addition, these missile systems are ineffective in conditions of strong enemy radio resistance.

In the Strela-1 and Strela-10 complexes, the use of passive (non-radiating) means of detection and aiming ensures high concealment of the air defense systems from enemy technical reconnaissance systems. At the same time, these air defense systems are characterized by a number of features that significantly limit the possibilities of their use. A passive direction finder provides detection only of targets with on-board radio means, when the on-board radio means are turned off, the target becomes “invisible” to him. Optical sight is applicable only in conditions of good visibility during daylight hours; at night and in conditions of poor visibility during the day, the complex is ineffective.

In addition, in all analogues, the placement of the control panel in a combat vehicle leads to losses among the crew in the event of an enemy’s defeat of the vehicle.

An analysis of the military conflicts of recent years has revealed the need for the creation of an all-day short-range anti-aircraft missile system, effective in combating targets moving in the radio silence mode, which at the same time would have high stealth during combat work and crew protection in case of launcher defeat.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in expanding the possibilities of using air defense systems in low visibility conditions, strong radio interference, as well as against targets in the radio silence mode, while maintaining high security of the complex and the crew’s security.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that in the SAM, containing a rotating turret mounted on a carrier, a launcher mounted on a turret with missiles equipped with homing heads, launcher guidance aids on the target, communication means, a digital computer and a control panel, as a means of detection For purposes, a passive infrared (IR) station was introduced, containing an infrared radiation receiver mounted on a launcher and configured for all-round viewing, and connected to the receiver rakrasnogo radiation coordinate extracting unit which is mounted in the tower and, in turn, is connected to digital computer. The use of passive detection tools operating in the infrared range of the spectrum and receiving thermal radiation from objects makes it possible to detect targets in conditions of any optical visibility and at any level of radio interference with high stealth of the combat operation of the complex, regardless of whether the target emits radio waves or not.

In addition, an air defense system is proposed, characterized by the above characteristics, the control panel of which is made removable and remote with the ability to remotely control the combat operation of the air defense system. The implementation of the remote control remote-control allows you to remotely control the combat operation of the missile system from the shelter and increases the security of the crew in battle.

In addition, an air defense system, characterized by the above characteristics, is proposed, the passive infrared station of which through a digital computer is connected to several other air defense systems that are not equipped with target detection, with the possibility of transmitting target designation coordinates to them. This achieves the possibility of using the inventive air defense system for coordinated combat operation as part of a battery together with cheaper air defense systems of a simplified configuration (without means of detecting targets).

In addition, an air defense system is proposed, characterized by the above characteristics, the control panel of which is connected through a digital computer to several air defense systems with the possibility of simultaneous control of their coordinated combat work. This makes it possible to control a battery including several air defense systems from one control panel by one operator. At the same time, the number of personnel required to ensure effective combat operation of the anti-aircraft battery is significantly reduced.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air defense system, in Fig. 2 is the same during combat operation with an external control panel, in Fig. 3 is a combat operation of an air defense system in a battery using one passive infrared station, figure 4 - diagram of the combat operation of the air defense system as part of the battery when controlling multiple air defense systems from one control panel.

The following notation is used in the diagrams:

1 - media

2 - tower

3 - launcher,

4 - transport and launch container with a rocket,

5 - receiver of infrared radiation,

6 - block allocation of coordinates,

7 - drive horizontal guidance,

8 - vertical guidance drive,

9 - missile launch equipment,

10 is a digital computer,

11 - remote control

12 - wire communication

13 - radio communication,

14 is the goal.

SAM has the following design (figures 1 and 2). A tower 2 is mounted on the carrier 1 with the possibility of circular rotation in the horizontal plane. Various self-propelled or transported vehicles, as well as stationary objects, can be used as the carrier 1. A launcher 3 with several transport and launch containers 4 is placed on the tower, each of which houses a missile equipped with a homing head. A passive infrared target detection station consists of an infrared radiation receiver 5 located in the upper part of the launcher and made with the possibility of circular viewing, and the associated coordinate allocation unit 6 installed inside the tower. Here in the tower there is a horizontal guidance drive 7, a vertical guidance drive 8, missile launch equipment 9 and a digital computer 10. The latter is connected by wire connections 12 to the coordinate allocation unit, horizontal and vertical guidance drives, missile launch equipment and a control panel 11. Control panel either located in the carrier’s cabin (FIG. 1), or removed from the carrier and located at a distance from it, for example, in a shelter (FIG. 2). Communications with other air defense systems during joint combat operation as part of the battery (Figs. 3 and 4) are telecode, they can be either wired 12 or by radio 13.

The air defense system in offline mode (figure 1) is as follows. The launcher 3 is set to a position with such an angle so that the zero line of the field of view of the infrared detector 5 is parallel to the horizon. In this position of the launcher, the infrared receiver produces a circular overview of the air situation. At the same time, tower 2 is stationary, all SAM systems, except for guidance drives 7 and 8, are turned on. The radiation signals of the targets 14 from the infrared radiation receiver 5 are fed to the coordinate allocation unit 6, where these signals are processed, after which the information about the coordinates of the targets is transmitted to the digital computer 10. In the digital computer, the signals are selected, the signals from the stationary heat radiation sources are eliminated and further are not displayed on the control panel display. The display of the control panel 11 reflects the air situation taking into account only moving targets. After detecting the targets, the digital computer selects the most dangerous one based on the range to the target and its speed, and sends signals to the vertical 7 and horizontal 8 guidance drives, which deploy the 4 air defense system launcher to the selected target. From the control panel 11 through a digital computer 10, a signal is sent to the rocket launcher 9 to capture the selected target with the missile homing head. After receiving a signal from the rocket about capturing the target and holding it from the control panel through a digital computer, a signal is sent to the rocket launch equipment. After the launch of the missile launcher, the guidance drives are deployed towards the next selected target. The defeat of targets is recorded by the IR station and is displayed on the control panel display.

When the SAM system is in centralized target designation, the telecode information via wired 12 or radio 13 arrives at a digital computer 10, where it is compared with information received from the infrared target detection station 5. In case of identification of these target designations, the computer gives signals to turn the launcher 4 in the direction of target 14 and to launch the rocket - in the same way as in the autonomous mode described above.

An air defense system equipped with a PC with a target detection station 5 can act as a command post by exchanging information about the air situation or giving out the coordinates of targets 14 to other air defense systems of this type, including a simplified configuration air defense system (without target detection means). The combat operation of the SAM system in this mode is presented in figure 3.

Combat air defense systems in all the prescribed modes (in stand-alone, with centralized target designation, as part of the battery) can be carried out both when deployed on the spot, and when moving on the march. In the latter case, telecode radio communications are established between the jointly operating air defense systems 13. When deployed at a stationary position between several air defense systems, both wired communications 12 (usually over short distances) and radio communications 13 can be used as part of the battery.

At a stationary position, the above types of combat work can be performed with an external control panel 11. At the same time, the control panel is removed from its regular place in the carrier’s cabin, taken out of the carrier to a distance of up to 250 meters and placed, for example, in a shelter (figure 2) .

SAM, equipped with an infrared detection station, in a stationary position can control the combat operation of other SAM, even in the absence of crews in them (figure 4). This option of combat work allows you to save the personnel of the battery in case of defeat by the enemy air defense systems.

Sources of information

1. Foreign Military Review, 1987, No. 3, p.25-32.

2. Soldat und Technik, 1987, No. 4, p. 262.

3. Defense et Armement, 1989, No. 89, p. 76.

4. Equipment and weapons, 1999, p.64-70.

5. Patent RU 2131577, publ. 06/10/1999.

6. Patent RU 2156943, publ. 09/37/2000.

7. Patent RU 2165582, publ. 20.04.2001.

8. Equipment and weapons, 1999, No. 5-6, pp. 55-63.

Claims (4)

1. An anti-aircraft missile system comprising a rotating turret mounted on a carrier, a launcher with missiles mounted on the turret, means for guiding the launcher to a target, passive infrared station, digital computer, coordinate allocation unit and control panel, characterized in that the missiles are equipped with homing heads , the receiver of the infrared station is installed on the launcher, is made with the possibility of a circular view and is connected to the coordinate allocation unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the digital the numerator, the outputs of which are connected to the missile launch equipment and means of guiding the launcher to the target, the second input of the digital computer is connected to the control panel. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the control panel is removable and remote for remote control of the combat operation of the complex. 3. The complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with communication means for transmitting target designation coordinates from a digital computer to several anti-aircraft missile systems that are not equipped with means for detecting targets. 4. The complex according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control panel via a digital computer is connected to several anti-aircraft missile systems for simultaneous control of them.

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