RU2231746C2 - Artillery ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: guided artillery projectiles with combined, contact and contactless operation of the fuse for remote initiation as a result of action of control radiation of an external source and blasting directly at an impact with a target in the flight trajectory.

SUBSTANCE: the artillery ammunition with a combined initiation has a body, filling, fuse including a transducer, safety and actuating mechanisms, fuse remote control unit connected to a power supply source and series-connected time code receiving device, decoder and a delay unit. The output of remote control unit is connected to the fuse transducer made in the form of an electric primer. The delay unit structurally comprises series-connected trigger pulse counter, comparison circuit, remote arming circuit controlled by the trigger pulse counter, and an output key, the decoder output is coupled to the switch in the supply circuit of the receiver of control coded signals.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and functional reliability, as well as safety of fuse.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to guided artillery shells with a combined fuse, contact when meeting an obstacle and contactless for remote initiation of an explosion from exposure to radiation from an external source.

The prior art in this area is characterized by an artillery shell with a remote fuse, including a radio signal receiver, a decoder (decoder) and a temporary deceleration device associated with an autonomous power source, and an electric detonator of a safety-actuating device for filling a projectile, described in US Pat. No. 4,083,308, F 42 C 11 / 06, 1978

The fuse detonation occurs after a predetermined time after a shot at a predetermined flight distance from the signal to the electric detonator to undermine the filling of the projectile resulting from the processing of information encoded control signals received by the on-board receiver that establish the boundaries of their count.

The processing of the received signals in the time delay device includes the steps of transmitting the first information signal to start the oscillation generator, transmitting the second information signal after a predetermined time interval to stop the generator, and the counter provides the output of the number of oscillations issued in the named unit time period, and transmitting the third information signal, representing the number of unit time intervals before the end of the delay interval and leading to the multiplication of this number by the number of oscillations Counted the named unit time.

The value of this product is used as the counter boundary of the counter.

Next, the counter is set to the initial state with the erasure of the previously calculated number of oscillations, the oscillation generator is restarted, and the counter counts the number of oscillations to a specified limit, upon reaching which a projectile detonation signal is generated.

The technical implementation of artillery shells according to the invention for combat use in high-speed firing with external radio interference is not practically possible due to the relatively long time required for multi-stage data transmission of the fuse algorithm:

- receiver setup code in the projectile upon departure from the barrel of a weapon;

- pairs of pulses when removing the projectile, the interval between which sets the division price;

- a multiplier with a binary code, by which the division price is multiplied to obtain a given flight time.

Power supply from the on-board source is supplied at the time of the shot for pre-coding, which provides the necessary noise immunity on the projectile flight path, after the receiver is put into high sensitivity mode. However, it is difficult to carry out error-free reception of 12-15 pulses over the radio channel in the conditions of broadcast interference on the battlefield, which reduces the effectiveness of the combat use of products.

For the operation of all the structural elements of the fuse circuit during the flight time, a powerful power source is required that is placed in the shell of the projectile, which, when the volume of small-caliber artillery shells is deficient, is an intractable task due to the reduction of the lower-regulated minimum explosive mass, that is, the functional reliability decreases as intended .

In addition, this munition does not provide for contact blasting when meeting with a target on the flight path, which reduces the effectiveness of combat and limits the scope.

A more advanced artillery shell with combined initiation of detonation, selected by technical nature and the number of matching features as the closest analogue, is the munition according to patent RU 2135947 C1, F 42 B 15/01, 1999, containing a shell, filling, fuse, including a converter, safety and actuating mechanisms, and a fuse remote control unit connected to a power source as part of a serial receiver of a time code, a decoder, and a delay device ( rzhki).

Between the remote control unit and the standard fuse containing the piezoelectric transducer, an additional shock pulse generator is installed, made in the form of an electric detonator, the operation of which upon the command of the temporary deceleration device in the projectile body excites the shock wave transmitted to the piezoelectric transducer of the fuse. The shock impulse created by the electric detonator at a given point in the projectile’s flight path is equivalent to the impulse from a standard element during contact operation, which determines the identity of the operation of the detonation circuit in different initiation modes.

The well-known ammunition is characterized by a universal filling detonation mechanism, which is initiated from an impact when meeting with a target under the influence of inertia forces on a piezoelectric transducer, and also alternatively: from a shock pulse of a simulator of a similar meeting from an autonomous electric detonator, triggered by an external control encoded command containing information about the time of detonation converted to a standard executive signal after a delay time.

The output signal from the remote control unit is transformed by means of an additional electric detonator into a shock pulse that generates a shock wave in the shell of the projectile that is adequate to the standard fuse received by the piezoelectric transducer in a real encounter with an obstacle.

The control unit is indirectly connected with the fuse converter, which allows the use of a standard safety-executive mechanism, unifying the design and equipment of ammunition, which reduces production costs.

Entering the energy-containing battery mode - the power supply of the control unit occurs with a delay of 0.1 s after the shot (100 m flight) to ensure safety, eliminating unauthorized shell explosions near the firing position.

The shock pulse generator is located in the shell of the ammunition regardless of the fuse, that is, without electrical and kinematic connections with it, which provides constructive mobility to the remote control unit.

This universal technical solution is suitable for large-caliber artillery shells, aerial bombs and mines, however, practical use in small-caliber artillery shells is not possible due to space limitations, where it is difficult to place an additional electric detonator and a remote control unit with a current source.

Secondly, the use of a standard fuse provides adaptive adaptability of ammunition, but at the same time the combat effectiveness of the projectile decreases due to the large total dimensions of the remote control unit with a current source and fuse with a relatively powerful piezoelectric transducer that operates autonomously, initiating the operation of an electric detonator without an additional current source.

In addition, the remote control unit and the shock pulse generator must be isolated from direct exposure to high pressure propellant gases propellant charge. In a limited projectile volume, this can be done only by reducing the mass of filling with explosive, which reduces the combat power of the product.

A highly sensitive fuse of a known ammunition can cause a false positive from interaction with landscape obstacles, tree branches, shrubs and with precipitation in the form of hail, torrential jets, which leads to the bursting of shells near the firing position and the location of the personnel of their troops.

The high fragmentation effect is ensured by the bursting of shells without camouflage, but at the same time, the unarmored equipment (car, helicopter, etc.) is unsatisfactorily damaged, since the ammunition ruptures on the skin, without penetrating the internal space of the target, where the manpower is located.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to improve the design of artillery ammunition with combined initiation of detonation for use in small-caliber shells while increasing the effectiveness of combat action and functional reliability, as well as safety of use.

The required technical result is achieved in that in a well-known artillery munition with combined initiation, comprising a housing, filling, a fuse, including a converter, safety and actuating mechanisms and a fuse remote control unit connected to a power source as part of a serial receiver of a time code, a decoder and a delay device , according to the invention, the delay device structurally includes sequentially connected counter start pulses, a comparison circuit, a long-range cocking circuit controlled by a clock counter, and an output key, while the trigger counter and the clock counter are connected to the corresponding outputs of the clock connected to the decoder, the outputs of which are connected to the trigger counter and a switch in the power line of the control receiver encoded signals, as well as with a comparison circuit and a controlled delay unit installed between the contact sensor and the long-range cocking circuit, with q remote control unit is directly connected with the inverter fuse made in the form of electric spark.

Distinctive features ensured that the dimensions of the remote-controlled fuse block were reduced to acceptable for use in small-caliber artillery shells, which expands the technological capabilities and the scope of these munitions while increasing the effectiveness of the main combat action.

The connection of the decoder with the controlled delay unit creates a predetermined temporary deceleration of the detonation after meeting the obstacle when the contact sensor is triggered, which is necessary for the projectile to penetrate the target, which significantly increases its high-explosive effect and ensures fragmentation of manpower located behind the obstacle.

Connecting the controlled delay unit of the signal from the contact sensor directly to the input of the long-range cocking circuit creates its priority passage to the fuse of the fuse, initiating undermining the filling of the shell of the shell regardless of the control signals.

Installing a switch connected to the decoder in the receiver power line allows you to turn it off after receiving the control coding signals and during the operation of the fuse remote control unit, which reduces power consumption and allows you to minimize the power source.

The introduction to the structure of the delay device of the controlled long-range cocking scheme allows you to block the accidental operation of the electric igniter from mechanical influences on the contact sensor at the start and the premature detonation of ammunition, which increases the safety of use and functional reliability.

The additional equipment of artillery ammunition with a contact sensor connected through the delay device of the remote control unit for initiating detonation with an electric igniter unified the action of the fuse in both modes of operation of the ammunition: with contact and controlled detonation, when meeting a target, behind an obstacle and at a given flight distance.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the characteristics of disunity, that is, a new super-effect as an effect of the sum of the attributes, and not the sum of the effects.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which serve purely illustrative purposes and do not limit the scope of the rights of the formula, which depict:

figure 1 - General view of the projectile;

figure 2 is a structural diagram of a fuse.

In the high-explosive fragmentation case 1 (Fig. 1), an artillery shell of an aviation-anti-aircraft caliber contains filling 2 with explosive and fuse 3.

The fuse 3 (figure 2) sequentially contains a block 4 remote control initiation associated with the contact sensor 5 and the power source 6, the Converter 7, made in the form of an electric igniter, a safety mechanism 8 and a beam detonator - actuator 9.

The remote control unit 4 includes a time code receiver 10 connected to each other, comprising a receiver 11 of the encoded control signals of the external laser radiation and a decoder 12, which is connected to the delay device 13, which consists of sequential counter 14 of the starting pulses, comparison circuit 15, circuit 16 distant cocking associated with the counter 17 clock pulses, and the output key 18.

The output key 18 of the delay device 13, that is, in general, the output of the fuse initiating remote control unit 4 is connected to an electric igniter 7 equipped with a standard safety mechanism 8 and an actuator 9, in particular a radiation detonator for filling 2 of the munition body 1.

The projectile with the combined operation of the fuse 3 is equipped with a contact sensor 5, which, through the controlled delay unit 19 connected to the output of the decoder 12, is connected to the input of the long-range cocking circuit 16 of the delay device 13.

A power source 6 is connected through a voltage stabilizer 20 to a delay device 13 and to a decoder 12, and through a stabilizer 21 to a receiver 11 of a time code receiver 10.

In the power line of the receiver 11 of the control encoded signals between the source 6 and the voltage stabilizer 21, a switch 22 is mounted connected to the output of the decoder 12.

The proposed projectile operates in contact and remote control modes of detonation as follows.

When fired from the ignition of a propellant charge under the influence of high-temperature powder gases or mechanically from overloads of acceleration of the projectile, an electric current source 6 is supplied, which feeds the structural elements of the fuse 3 initiation remote control unit 4: the encoder control signal 11 and the receiver 10 decoder 12 and the delay device 13.

When the power supply, the long-range cocking circuit 16 is locked, without passing any pulses to the output key 18, and the counter 17 clock pulses starts counting pulses of the clock generator (not shown conventionally). Upon reaching the predetermined number of clocks during manufacture, the counter 17 generates a command to open the circuit 16, thereby making a long-range cocking at a predetermined safe distance from the firing position.

After the time delay necessary to ensure that the energy-containing source 6 reaches the required level, sufficient for the structural elements of the fuse 3 to work, the external laser transmitter associated with the gun emits a code packet in the form of two pairs (as in the prototype) of the pulses in the direction of the projectile.

Depending on the conditions of use, the transmitting device and, therefore, the receiver 11 on the projectile can operate in the laser or radio range. In the first case, an optical window 23 is installed in the bottom of the shell body 1 of the projectile (Fig. 1), and in the second case, a receiving antenna (not shown) is in the structure of the receiver 11.

Upon receipt of two pairs of control encoded pulses from an external transmitter at receiver 11, the time interval between these pairs of pulses is counted and recorded as the number of clock pulses received during the time between pairs of pulses.

The control system of the transmitting device associated with the gun, forming a code packet of two pairs of pulses for transmission to the projectile, additionally introduces into it a command to turn on the signal delay from the contact sensor 5. This controlled delay command can be generated, for example, by an additional fifth pulse or a shift of the fourth pulse relative to the third pulse in the packet for a fixed interval.

In the presence of such a command, the controlled delay unit 19 transmits the response signal of the contact sensor 5 to the output key 18 with a fixed time delay, which ensures the undermining of the projectile after passing the obstacle, inside the unarmored target.

The interval between two pairs of pulses is proportional to the delay time of the detonation of the projectile (K times smaller), and the time interval between pulses in pairs serves as an identification sign to exclude the receipt of random interference signals as control signals.

The signal from the decoder 12 about the completion of the reception of the code message is sent to:

- switch 22, which turns off the power to the receiver 11;

- delay device 13, where a number characterizing a time-setting interval is also transmitted from the decoder 12;

- block 19 controlled delay.

After that, the counter 14 starts the counting of the starting pulses with a frequency K times less than the clock frequency, and the circuit 15 compares the current values of the number at the output of the counter 14 with the number transmitted to the delay device 13 from the decoder 12.

When these numbers coincide, the comparison circuit 15 gives a signal to the output key 18, the current pulse from which is supplied to the electric igniter 7. The operation signal of the electric igniter 7 through the standard safety device 8 causes the beam detonator 9 to trigger the detonation of the explosive filling 2 and to detonate the projectile at a given point flight paths.

When the projectile encounters an obstacle, the signal from the reaction contact sensor 5, regardless of the operation of the comparison circuit 15, enters through the block 19 and the long-range cocking circuit 16 open by that time to the output key 18 and priority causes the projectile to undermine.

It should be noted that, while the counter 17 clock pulses counts the set number, no random signals from the comparison circuit 15 will not go to the output key 18 and will not cause unauthorized operations of the fuse 3.

Thus, undermining of the filling 2 in the proposed projectile is carried out when the electric igniter 7 is connected, connected to the standard safety device 8 and the beam actuating detonator 9, in contrast to the prototype, where two electric detonators and a powerful piezoelectric transducer are used for this when the control signal is double converted to a simulated shock pulse additional electric detonator, adequate to overloads when meeting with an obstacle, for the reliable functioning of which you need to relate no powerful current source.

The exclusion from the known set of parts of the structural elements of the fuse and the use of a compact current source made it possible to increase the mass of the explosive filling, increasing the effectiveness of the combat action.

An additional ammunition function for firing the fuse far increases the security of use when firing through the front lines of their troops, eliminating premature operation from small landscape obstacles, in particular shrubs, tree branches.

The proposed ammunition has an increased efficiency of destruction due to the fact that when firing at unarmored targets, the fuse is fired with a time delay, which ensures the undermining of the shell behind the skin, inside the helicopter, car.

The contact sensor 5 performs the functions of a sensing element for the self-destruction of a projectile that did not explode for any reason when it falls on soft soil and in snow, which increases the degree of reliability and safety of its use. As a contact sensor 5, both a mechanical device and a low-power piezoelectric sensor can be used.

Turning off the receiver 11 of the control encoded signals after performing the functional purpose, after receiving, processing and transmitting the code package, reduces the current consumption by the fuse by 2–3 times, which allows reducing the dimensions of the power supply 6, as well as reducing heat generation in the electronic unit 4 of the fuse 3, than to increase the accuracy of the countdown, reducing the temperature error of the frequency of the clock generator, which increases the likelihood of hitting the target from reducing the distance of the projectile to the target and.

The proposed unit 4 remote control fuse initiation is implemented in a small-sized special integrated circuit (VLSI) brand 1508 XK1, which includes all electronic elements except receiver 11.

In accordance with the type and circuit design of the receiver 11, the stabilizer 21 may not be part of block 4, which will further reduce power consumption and heat generation.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for an ammunition specialist, showed that it is unknown, and taking into account the possible industrial serial reproduction of these small-caliber artillery shells, it can be concluded that the patentability criteria are met.

Claims (2)

1. Artillery ammunition with combined initiation, comprising a housing, filling, a fuse, including a converter, safety and actuating mechanisms, and a fuse remote control unit connected to a power source as part of a serial receiver of a time code with a decoder and a delay device, characterized in that the device the delay structurally includes sequentially connected trigger counter, a comparison circuit, a long-range cocking circuit, controlled counters clock pulses, and an output key, while the trigger pulse counter and the clock pulse counter are connected to the corresponding outputs of the clock generator connected to the decoder, the outputs of which are connected to the trigger pulse counter and the switch in the power line of the receiver of the control encoded signals, as well as with a comparison circuit and with a controlled delay unit installed between the contact sensor and the long-range cocking circuit. 2. The artillery ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the output of the remote control unit is directly connected to the fuse converter, made in the form of an electric igniter.

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