RU2224976C1 - Device "vodopad" for localization of actions of blasting mechanisms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for localization of actions of blasting mechanisms, for example, bombs. SUBSTANCE: device has structural members representing one or several chambers filled with a wave-suppressing material closed in contour in the horizontal section and forming a working cavity open from the bottom for placement of the blasting mechanism for selective, complete or partial isolation of it from the ambient space from the top by means of one of the structural members, as well as a device for screening of fragments. The above structural members are made in the form of a set of modules-screens and a module-cover. The modules-screens are positioned symmetrically relative to the common vertical axis, with clearances on one plane. The module-cover is freely installed on the end face or above the end face of the module-screen that is smaller in size for movement upwards under the effected of the actuated blasting mechanism, and the working cavity is formed by the inner walls of the module-screen that is smaller in size and, from the top, by the module-cover. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of localization of fragmentation and high-explosive actions of the blasting mechanism. 4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engineering devices designed to ensure safety in the detection and disposal of explosive mechanisms (BM) or the safe content of explosive charges, and can be used to effectively suppress fragmentation, high explosive and thermal effects of an explosion.

 Known methods and devices for attenuating a shock wave (HC) using foam or porous materials, but without using any additional quenching mechanisms [1, 2]. However, either their effectiveness is insufficient, or their use is associated with the need for large volumes of consumables, time and place, which greatly complicates the possibilities and limits the scope of practical application.

 Liquid hydrocarbon localizers are widely used, for example, LBA System Bomb inhibitors [3] and products of the Fountain series [4], which are containers consisting of chambers with an elastic shell filled with a non-combustible liquid.

 This group of localizers can also include a device with a U-shaped in vertical section screen made of porous open-cellular material (in particular, foam rubber) filled with a non-combustible liquid [5].

 When used, these devices are installed in such a way that they shield from the sides and top of the VM (or a suspicious object). In the case of VM operation, a significant fraction of the explosion energy is spent on the deformation and destruction of the localizer.

 A common drawback of such devices is the difficulty in diagnosing a suspicious object covered by the device, while it is necessary for the neutralization and subsequent elimination, as well as the insufficient degree of HC blanking and trapping fragments.

 Closest to the claimed invention in terms of purpose and a combination of essential structural features is a device for localizing the effects of explosive mechanisms (bombs), containing structural elements that are one or more chambers filled with wave-extinguishing substance, closed along a contour in a horizontal section and forming a working cavity open from below for placing an explosive mechanism with the possibility of selectively, completely or partially isolating it from the surrounding space from above by means of of structural elements, as well as a shielding device for fragments [6].

 The above structural elements are made in the form of elastic containers. As a wave extinguishing agent, a non-combustible liquid is used. The possibility of partial isolation of the working cavity with an explosive mechanism from the surrounding space from above is provided by the presence of a narrow hole directly above the working cavity with a plug, which is one of the mentioned flexible containers with non-combustible liquid. The shielding device for shards is an anti-shatter screen in the form of a "skirt", fixed along the contour of the peripheral part of the tank and is completely located outside the device. The remaining (main) tanks and the anti-splinter screen are interconnected to form a solid structure. The working cavity is formed on the sides by the walls of the toroidal container and on top by the lower elastic wall of the upper tank (mainly) and the end face of the plug (in the smaller part).

However, this design has several disadvantages. As in close analogues, localization is limited due to the fact that the device has a closed hemispherical shape (with an axisymmetric design). When the VM is triggered, the resulting force of the direct and reflected HC throws the device up, breaking the working volume along the plane of the surface on which it is installed, and forming an annular gap. Since the speed of the explosion products is much higher than the rate of expansion of the fragments, through the resulting gap, the products of the explosion expire and the fragments fly apart into the surrounding space along a flat path with an expansion angle of up to 20 ^o without reducing their kinetic energy. In addition, a decrease in pressure of 10-15 times can lead to temporary hearing loss and other barotrauma. The constructive solution of the through hole for introducing into the cavity devices for observing, diagnosing, and / or destroying the VM requires multiple approaches of the detonator to the VM, and also does not provide continuous monitoring of the relative position of the VM and the walls of the device. At the time of installation and removal of the device, it is absent. The narrowness of the hole (relative to the longitudinal size of the working volume of the device) complicates these operations. All this reduces the level of security in the diagnosis of a suspicious object and its neutralization when VM is detected in it. Given these factors, the operation of such devices requires the use of additional safety features.

 The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of localization of high-explosive and fragmentation explosive mechanisms, reduce the damage from the possible operation of the VM when they are detected, increase the safety of work without reducing the degree of protection of the explosive personnel and material assets during the disposal of the VM.

 The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a device for localizing the effects of explosive mechanisms (bombs) containing structural elements that are one or more chambers filled with wave-damping substance, closed along a contour in a horizontal section and forming a working cavity open from below to accommodate an explosive mechanism with the possibility of, selectively, completely or partially isolating it from the surrounding space from above by one of the structural elements, as well as a shielding shielding device s, the above structural elements are made in the form of a set of screen modules and a cover module, while the screen modules are located symmetrically with respect to the common vertical axis, with gaps on the same plane, the cover module is freely mounted on the end or above the end of the smaller module - a screen with the ability to move upward under the influence of an activated explosive mechanism, and the working cavity is formed by the inner walls of a smaller screen module and on top by a module-cover.

The problem is also solved due to a number of additional structural features of the device (based on the combination of the main essential structural features described above), namely:
- the implementation of the screen modules as a part of the said set is uneven, so that with an increase in the horizontal size of the screen module the height increases proportionally, at the same time convenient visibility of the suspicious object for the bomb technician remote from the vertical axis of the device and the presence of a fairly wide safety zone can be achieved in operational mode "observation, diagnosis and / or destruction";
- the screen modules and the cover module can be multilayer, while in the smaller screen module, a layer of foamed wave-extinguishing agent with a cavity filled with granular granular dispersant, one or more anti-shatter screens in reinforcing shells and a durable pliable casing, in each of the remaining screen modules in the same direction there is a successive layer of foamed wave-extinguishing agent and one or more against fragmentation screens in reinforcing shells, and the layered structure of the module-cover, as well as the smaller module-screen, is a combination of a layer of foamed wave-extinguishing agent, a cavity filled with granular granular dispersant, one or more anti-fragmentation screens in reinforcing shells and a durable flexible casing, wherein the combination of all anti-fragmentation screens in the reinforcing shells forms the aforementioned shielding device for fragments.

 This allows for small dimensions and mass of the device to achieve its high efficiency in localizing the high-explosive (with thermal component) and fragmentation of the triggered VM, to obtain high specific characteristics with the integrated use of the protective properties of each of the used substances and composite structures, i.e. "super effect" in comparison with the use of substances separately.

 - the implementation of each shatterproof screen in the form of interconnected membrane packages clamped along the contour, located mainly in a checkerboard pattern with a mutual shift of the membrane packages of adjacent anti-fragmentation screens within the module, the protective properties of each module and, accordingly, the device as a whole are increased.

 Among the known devices were not found those whose combination of essential features would coincide with the declared one. At the same time, it is precisely due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved in accordance with the task: increasing the efficiency of localization of high-explosive and fragmentation explosive mechanisms, reducing damage from the possible operation of VMs when they are detected, increasing the safety of work without reducing the degree of protection of explosive personnel and material assets when neutralizing a VM.

The inventive device for localizing the effects of explosive mechanisms (bombs) is shown in the drawings:
in FIG. 1 shows the device assembly, in the operating mode "standard localization", a vertical section along the axis of symmetry, where R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ - the characteristic horizontal dimensions of the block screens; H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ - the height of the block screens; Δ is the size of the gaps between the screen blocks; δ - the gap between the ends of the smaller module screen and module cover.

figure 2 - layered structure of a smaller module-screen, a vertical section;
figure 3 is a layered structure of other screen modules in the kit, a vertical section;
figure 4 is a view a in figure 2 and 3 (staggered arrangement of packets of membranes);
figure 5 - the device with the removed module cover in the operational mode "observation, diagnostics and / or destruction", a vertical section along the axis of symmetry, where α is the angle that characterizes the security zone (with the open module cover in the specified mode).

A device for localizing the effects of explosive mechanisms (bombs), contains (see Fig. 1) structural elements closed along the contour in the form of a set of screen modules 1, 2, 3 (in order of increasing horizontal size) and a cover module 4. As a rule, screen modules 1-3 are in the form of long rings (mainly) and / or short pipes, and the cover module is in the form of an inverted step pyramid made up of two short cylinders. Moreover, the said horizontal size (more precisely, the characteristic horizontal size) of the screen modules 1, 2, 3 is its inner diameter R ₁ , R ₂ , R _3, respectively. In the general case, the kit for localizing a suspicious (for the presence of an explosive mechanism 5 in it) item 6 includes: a smaller module-screen 1, which is basic and selected from the condition that the diameter R ₁ and height H ₁ exceed the maximum horizontal and vertical dimensions of the item 6 respectively; “lightweight” (in thickness and structure) screen modules 2, 3 in an amount from one to n, depending on the expected power of the VM 5; one module-cover 4 for the size of the module-screens 1 and / or 2. And in stock should be provided a wider range of modules 1-4 with different geometric shapes, sizes and protective properties, in accordance with the possible variety of shapes, dimensions and power of the VM 5 items 6.

In the assembled device (see Fig. 1), the screen modules 1-3 are located symmetrically with respect to the common vertical axis 7, with gaps Δ, on the same plane (in Fig. 1 this is a horizontal supporting surface). It is recommended (as the best option) to use differently-sized screen modules in the kit: H ₁ <H ₂ <H ₃ , so that with increasing horizontal size (R ₁ -R ₃ ), the height (H ₁ -H ₃ ) will proportionally increase.

 The module-cover 4 is freely mounted on the end of the module-screen 2 so that the lower end of the module-cover 4 hangs over the end of the module-screen 1 with a gap δ (in this constructive example, figure 1). It can also be installed at the end of the screen module 1 (δ = 0). In either of these two options, the module-cover has the ability to move upward under the influence of the triggered VM 5.

Under the condition H ₁ <H ₂ <H ₃ and the cover module 4 removed ("observation, diagnostics and / or destruction" mode), two characteristic zones can be distinguished, characterized by a solid angle α zone (cone) of the probable free expansion of VM 5 fragments and zone relative safety (see figure 5).

 The inner walls of the screen module 1 and the lower end of the module cover 4 form a working cavity 8 for accommodating a suspicious object 6.

 Structural elements 1-4 can be interconnected into a single structure for carrying by a person or transporting robot with fabric parts, straps, belts, etc.), for which a device for carrying and / or transportation (not shown) can also be provided, similar to a handle in the prototype. However, the variant with non-interconnected elements 1-4 is not excluded. In the latter case, the assembly of the structure in accordance with figure 1 is carried out by sequential installation of modules 1-4 or 1, 2, 4, 3.

 The structure of modules 1-4 is multilayer.

 In the screen module 1, a layer 9 of a foamed wave-extinguishing agent (for example, polystyrene foam) with a cavity filled with granular granular dispersant 10, one or more (as in this example) anti-fragmentary layers is sequentially located in the horizontal direction from the working cavity 8 (see FIG. 2) shields 11 in reinforcing shells (in fact, these are composite anti-shatter layers) and a strong pliable casing 12, mainly fabric.

 In each module-screen 2, 3 in the same direction are sequentially located (see Fig. 4) a layer of foamed wave-extinguishing agent 13 and one or more (as in this example) anti-fragmentation screens 14 in reinforcing shells.

 The layered structure of the module-cover 4, as well as the module-screen 1, is (see Fig. 1) a combination of a layer of foamed wave-extinguishing agent 15, a cavity filled with granular granular dispersant 16 (it can also be formed by layers of substance 15 similar to the module-screen 1), one or more (as in this example) anti-shatter screens 17 in reinforcing shells and a durable pliable casing 18. The sequence of layers of the module-cover 4 may vary.

 Each shatterproof screen 11, 14, 17 is made in the form of interlocked membrane packages 19 clamped along the contour (in particular, cellulose).

 Packages 19 are located mainly in a checkerboard pattern (see figure 4). In the case of a multi-layer anti-fragmentation composite within each module 1-4, the membrane packages 19 of the adjacent anti-fragmentation screens are mutually shifted, preferably simultaneously in azimuth and height.

 The design options described above do not exclude other possible options within the scope of the claims.

 The device operates as follows.

 In the main operating mode, “regular localization”, a localization device with a set of structural elements 1-4 of the appropriate geometry is selected for the dimensions of the detected suspicious object 6 and the object 6 is covered with it so that the working cavity 8 completely separates it, with a predominantly central location (on axis 7 ) from the surrounding area. Then carry out regulated organizational measures to ensure security when VMs are detected.

 In the case of unauthorized or planned operation of VM 5 in item 6, the resulting hydrocarbon, directed upward, raises the module-cover 4, opening the conditionally-closed working volume 8 and providing relief of excessive pressure, which prevents the entire structure from jumping (typical for the prototype). The hydrocarbon is partially extinguished in layers 9 and 15 of the foamed wave-extinguishing agent. The exothermic process accompanying the shock wave causes an inverse high-speed endothermic reaction of the granular dispersant 10, 16 and a significant dissipation of the explosion energy. Since the amount of energy absorbed as a result of the endothermic reaction is commensurate with the amount of energy released during the explosion and is directly proportional to the mass of dispersant 10, 16. Modules 1 and 4 collectively suppress the thermal effect of the explosion, preventing people from burning and burning objects. In addition, the maximum absorption of the energy of the explosion and, therefore, the weakening of fragmentation due to a decrease in the initial energy of the fragments is ensured. Secondary absorption of hydrocarbons occurs during the destruction or elastic-plastic deformation of the remaining modules 2 and 3.

 The inventive combination of layers in each module 1-4, their sequence, physical and chemical properties of the selected structural materials during manufacture provide a high attenuation coefficient and prevent the expansion of fragments, quenching (redistributing) their energy.

 The anti-fragmentation, generally multilayer, developed composite in each module 1-4 helps the wave extinguishing agent 9, 13, 15, when it breaks or deforms, significantly dissipate the shock energy and reduce the velocity of the fragments to values close to zero or zero.

 The casings 12, 18 not only serve as “packaging” during storage and transportation (transportation) of the device and contribute to the localization of the explosion, but also significantly localize the residual material of the device after the explosion.

 In the operational mode "observation, diagnostics and / or destruction", the arrived explosion engineer removes the module-cover 4 (independently or by means of a robot), inspects the object 6, being preferably completely in the safety zone (see Fig. 5) and, if necessary (expediency) ) diagnostics of subject 6 using recommended instruments (optical, infrared, x-ray, etc.). After that, a decision is made on the use of means of rendering harmless to the detected or suspected VM 5. In particular, in the same position, authorized destruction of item 6 with the discovered or suspected VM 5 can be carried out.

 After that, the explosion technician installs the module-cover 4 in a regular place and conduct work on disposal.

 In the case of an unauthorized explosion of VM 5 with the cover module 4 open, fragments with trajectories within the cone α fly out into the environment without encountering obstacles, and the remaining fragments (with partial localization of the explosive and thermal effects of the explosion) are captured by structural elements 2 and 3. People (including explosive technology) and material assets located in the safety zone (see figure 5) should not be affected.

 Tests of the Waterfall device were carried out in 2002 at the test center of military unit 68240 (military unit 44239) with a positive result and showed that the localizer in the declared technical design (specifically in the batch of prototypes, with a combination of three ring-shaped modules-screens with one module-lid) provides at a distance of more than 1 m from the center of the explosion 100% protection of manpower from high-explosive and fragmentation effects of shell VMs (explosives weighing up to 600 g in TNT and steel spherical fragments with a diameter of 2 to 7 mm), while a guarantor is provided anced capture fragments.

Sources of information
1. Kudinov V.M., Palamarchuk B.I., Gelfand B.E., Gubin S.A. Parameters of shock waves during the explosion of an explosive charge in foam // "Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences", T.228, 1974, 4. - S.555-558.

 2. Gelfand B. E., Gubanov A. V., Timofeev E.I. Interaction of shock air waves with a porous screen // Izvestiya AN SSSR, MZHG, 1983, 4. - P. 79-84.

 3. US 4836079 A, 06/06/1989.

 4. RU 2125232 C1, F 42 B 39/00, 33/00, 09/23/1997.

 5. RU 2150669 C1, F 42 B 33/00, F 42 D 5/04, 03/15/1999.

 6. RU 2150670 C1, F 42 B 33/00, F 42 D 5/04, 03/15/1999 (prototype).

Claims (4)

1. A device for localizing the effects of explosive mechanisms, containing structural elements that are one or more chambers filled with a wave-damping substance, closed along a contour in a horizontal section and forming an open working cavity from below to accommodate an explosive mechanism with the possibility of selective, full or partial isolation from it surrounding space from above by means of one of the structural elements, as well as a shielding device for fragments, characterized in that the above structures The elements are made in the form of a set of module screens and a module cover, while the module screens are located symmetrically with respect to the common vertical axis with gaps in the same plane, the module module is freely mounted on the end or above the end of the smaller module screen with the possibility of movement upwards under the influence of the triggered explosive mechanism, and the working cavity is formed by the inner walls of the smaller screen module and on top by the cover module. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen modules in the composition of the said set are made of different heights, while with increasing the horizontal size of the screen module, its height proportionally increases. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen modules and the module cover are multilayer, while in the smaller module screen, a layer of foamed wave-extinguishing substance with a cavity filled with granular granular dispersant is sequentially located in the horizontal direction from the working cavity , one or more anti-fragmentation screens in reinforcing shells and a durable pliable casing, in each of the remaining screen modules in the same direction there is a layer of foamed wave-extinguishing agent two and one or more anti-fragmentation screens in reinforcing shells, and the layered structure of the module-cover, as well as a smaller module-screen, is a combination of a layer of foamed wave-extinguishing agent, a cavity filled with granular granular dispersant, one or more anti-fragmentation screens in reinforcing shells and a durable pliable casing, wherein the combination of all anti-shatter screens in the reinforcing shells forms the aforementioned fragment shielding device. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each anti-fragmentation screen is made in the form of interlocked membrane packets clamped along the contour, located mainly in a checkerboard pattern, while the membrane packets of adjacent anti-fragmentation screens of the module are mutually shifted.

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