RU2089101C1 - Method for assessing professional fitness and psychological readiness of police personnel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; professional training. SUBSTANCE: person belonging to police and to law protection force is subjected to tests, during which following parameters are measured: parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, attention, response speed and skin's electric resistance before and after applying psychophysiological loads. Besides, measurements are effected in process of incessantly changing physical and professional actions executed by person under test, these actions being complicated by suddenly arising additional psychogenic and obstacle-offering factors. Time it takes to execute individual stages of assignment and whole time are measured, followed by assessing correctness of responses, decision making, memory, and capacity for logic reasoning. Finally, professional fitness is assessed by number of points. EFFECT: method offers greater informative value and accuracy of assessments. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medical equipment in psychophysiological research, as well as to teaching aids, professional selection and distribution by specialties and can be used to determine the professional suitability of workers who are in the process of work in difficult extreme situations, mainly employees of the internal affairs bodies.

 A known method of psychophysiological selection (see. Zh. "Foreign military education", 1988, N 8 p. 36), carried out by comparative testing of candidates in a neutral environment and under load, taking into account the biological parameters of a person, namely the electrical potentials of individual sections of the cerebral cortex . The method is implemented using a test-diagnostic complex equipped with a computer. Sensors are fixed on the subject’s head, from which biological information is transmitted to a computer.

 Measurement of these parameters in the process of performing tests of different target orientation allows you to get results that can serve as a basis for predicting the behavior of the test subject in extreme situations.

 The disadvantage of this method is the low level of prediction of the behavior of the subject in stressful situations, far from the real situation.

 Closest to the proposed method is a method for determining the professional suitability of firefighters, protected A. with. USSR N 1445695, class A 61 B 5/16 publ. 1988, including an assessment of the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory system, as well as attention and speed of reaction before and after psychophysiological stress.

 The invention solves the narrow professional task of training subjects to find a fire in a smoky room. In this case, the subject is exposed to a single psychogenic smoke factor, which does not allow predicting his behavior in a real situation and, especially in a difficult extreme situation, and therefore does not allow for competent professional selection, while for a number of professions (incl. . and firefighters) the selection of candidates in the face of ever-increasing demands on physical and psychophysiological qualities is crucial.

 Thus, there is an urgent problem in creating a method for determining professional suitability and psychological preparation of workers who are in the process of work in difficult extreme situations, such as employees of the internal affairs bodies.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase information content in the learning process and increase the accuracy of the forecast in determining professional suitability.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of determining the professional suitability and psychological preparation of employees of the internal affairs bodies, including assessing the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, attention and speed of reaction before and after psychophysical exertion, according to the invention, stress is modeled during the presentation of psychophysical exertion the situation with the help of sudden exposure to psychogenic and interference factors, additionally determine the skin resistance, etc. the autonomy of the choice of decisions, memory, the ability to logical thinking, the time spent on the implementation of individual stages and the entire task; The obtained indicators are evaluated in points and the total points determine professional suitability and psychological preparation.

 Also, according to the invention, in order to achieve a technical result, the test subject is exposed to visual, sound, tactile and smell stimuli during the preparation process.

 Also, according to the invention, the subject is exposed to an additional black-yellow visual stimulus.

 Measurement of an additional parameter of electrical skin resistance before and after psychophysical stresses, which correlates with the level of stress, as well as measurement of additional parameters in the process of performing changing physical and professional actions, can increase the information content of the preparation process and, thereby, increase the accuracy of the forecast when determining professional suitability. A distinctive feature of the invention is that the stressful effect is carried out not only at a conscious level, when the subject is able to analyze the incoming information and his actions, but, and most importantly, at an unconscious level. This effect is carried out on the visual analyzer (black-yellow color, darkness, shapeless shadows, flashes, etc.), the auditory analyzer (sudden sudden sounds of automatic bursts, the sound of a car hitting, sounds associated with the danger of a hissing snake, aggressive attacking dog barking, unclear sounds resembling moans, baby crying), tactile analyzer (numerous touches of various types to the skin), olfactory analyzer (sharp unpleasant odors).

 Moreover, as is known (“Psychology” under the editorship of A.V. Petrovsky and M.G. Yaroshevsky, M. 1980, p. 387), the body’s reaction to stress is twofold: on some, it has a mobilizing effect on accuracy, correctness and the timeliness, for example, of professional actions does not change and even rises. In others, it can cause disturbances up to disorganization (distress), which affects the correctness or incorrectness of professional actions and the time it takes to complete a task.

 According to the Max Luscher color test, a person chooses colors according to his mental state at a given time. Experimental studies have shown that, and vice versa, when a specially selected color gamut is applied to the subject’s visual analyzer, his unconscious sphere is temporarily brought into the corresponding state (activating red, yellow plus black alarming). Therefore, the additional impact on the subject with a black-yellow visual stimulus and an assessment of his behavior can increase the information content of the learning process and the accuracy of the forecast in determining professional suitability.

 The method for determining professional suitability and psychological preparation of employees of the internal affairs bodies is explained using the drawings, where in FIG. 1 presents a plan of the training complex, figure 2 is a functional diagram of the management and control of the complex.

 The complex contains a number of consecutive sections 1, separated by partitions 2, each of which is equipped with a sensor 3 of the location of the subject. As the sensor 3, an infrared sensor (detector, security and fire optoelectronic IOP 409-1.1 "Photon 1M"), installed to care for the movement of the test person, was used.

 The outputs of all sensors are connected to computer 4 (equipped with a video monitoring device) and the first input of switching unit 5, the second input of which is connected to the output of a multi-channel sound effect source 6 (tape recorder), the control input of which is connected to the first output of switching unit 5. The second output of switching unit 5 connected to the shaper visual impact 7, the third output with the shaper sound exposure 8, the fourth output with indicator elements 9 (number of sensors 3).

 A computer 4, a tape recorder 6, a switching unit 5, and indication elements 9 are built into the control panel 10. At the location of the control panel 10 there are medical devices 11 for measuring physiological parameters of the subjects.

 Each of sections 1 is equipped in a special way for setting a specific professional task. For example, one of the sections of the strip can be equipped as a simulator, which is a light-sound simulation of a firing point and several shelters: true and false (from different materials: brick and wooden, respectively). The simulator sets the subject to the task of protecting against the attack of a criminal armed with automatic weapons. A speaker is used as a shaper of sound exposure 8, a flashing beacon, a display board, an illuminated stand, and others are used as a shaper of visual impact 7. Black and yellow coloring of the ceilings, floor, and strip walls is used as an additional visual stimulus, which enhances the anxiety state of the subject.

 The method for determining professional suitability and psychological preparation is as follows.

 Before passing the subject, physiological parameters are measured - heart rate, electric skin resistance and other parameters.

 In the process of passing the strip, the subject overcomes successively site after site, performing all the necessary physical and professional actions. At the same time, the transit time of individual sections and the total time are measured (based on the signals from sensors 3 of the location of the subjects), the correctness of the reactions and the choice of solutions are evaluated (based on the signals from sensors 3 and visually from the computer screen integrated into the control panel 10). After passing the strip, the subject clearly and concisely reports to the manager about what happened, which evaluates the subject's memory and ability to logical thinking. Each stage is estimated by the number of points established by the method of expert assessments. After the report, the subject re-measures his psychophysiological parameters, which allows to determine the degree of impact quantitatively. The total score is determined by the professional suitability of the subject and his psychological preparation.

 Example. At the moment the movement starts, the stopwatch is switched on and the "start" button is pressed by the manager. At the same time, a low-frequency intermittent sound signal is activated, causing a feeling of anxiety and subconsciously setting an accelerated rhythm of movement.

 The subject makes 1-2 somersaults in the direction of travel, experiences an irritating effect on the vestibular apparatus. The stage is evaluated in points (each flip + 5 points) when touching the wall, the points are removed.

 Further, the second stage is the test subject's opening a locked door with the application of physical strength of the required level and professional skills. Completed correctly + 5 points, incorrect minus 5 points. The subject enters the stage of the "crime scene" through a window opposite which there is an imitation of a window, its opening is filled with a mirror, which creates the effect of oncoming movement of a human figure when the subject moves. The stage is equipped with mannequins and paint (hanged, dissected corpse, blood stains on the walls, on the floor), sound effects, light effects. The student must learn and remember the situation as much as possible. The most complete description + 15 points, the minimum satisfactory + 5 points, incorrect 0 points (in the methodological instructions there is a more detailed list of furnishings and points accrued, depending on the importance of the named objects).

 Similarly, the following steps are carried out, the number and equipment of which are not standardized. Moreover, since the same “psychological obstacles” have different effects on the subjects, which mainly depends on the predominant development of one of the following perception strategies of the surrounding world: visual (visual), auditory (auditory) and kinesthetic (bodily sensations) ), the use of multifactor complex psychological impact with the subsequent assessment of professional actions allows you to realize the task to increase information content in the learning process and forecast accuracy in determining professional suitability for action in extreme conditions.

 The point system was developed by experts and varies depending on the category of subjects (length of service in the internal affairs bodies, official duties performed, etc.). At the end of psychological preparation, the total time taken for the training complex and the total number of points that the subject scored are measured, and physiological parameters are controlled using medical devices.

 Subjects are evaluated according to a table compiled by experts.

 Immediately after the passage of the complex, well-known vegetative signs of a stressful state are actually revealed, expressed to various degrees: dilated pupils, blanching of the skin of the face, sharp tachycardia, sometimes tremors of the upper and lower extremities, etc. that gradually disappear in a short period of time (usually up to 30 min )

 This rating system allows you to determine the rating of each person from this category and the preferred priority in the distribution to specialties where increased stress resistance is needed.

 Functional diagram of management and control of the complex works as follows.

 From the sensors 3 of the location of the test subject, the information is transmitted to computer 4, where on the screen of the video monitoring device there is a conditional image of the complex along which the mark moves in synchronization with the movement of the test subject as the sensors 3 are switched on one after the other. Depending on the sensor 3, which is currently connected to the first input of the switching unit 5, the sound signal provided by the task for this section of the complex. This sound signal from the third output of the switching unit 5 is fed to the speaker 8. At the same time, the output signal of the switching unit 5 includes a visual impact driver 7 of this section (a panel, a beacon, car headlights, a stand with photographs of criminals, etc.) and an identification element 9 corresponding to the included sensor 3.

 The switching unit is made on relay elements controlled by transistor switches according to the signals of sensors 3.

 A distinctive feature of this complex is that the sensors 3 of the location of the test subject are not directly connected with the test subject (as in the prototype device), which increases the mobility and freedom of action of the test subject.

 The complex is used both to develop psychological stability in students undergoing initial training, and to control the level of psychological hardening among employees of internal affairs bodies who systematically undergo short-term training at a training center.

 Due to the fact that there are more than 2 dozen specialized services in the internal affairs bodies, the complex provides for various options for assignments for students and the possibility of including sites in various combinations. Successful indicators will help to identify individuals who are more suitable for participation in the work of special forces and, conversely, unsuccessful to pay attention to people who are overly malleable to stress, i.e. competently make professional selection and distribution for specialties.

 The psychological training complex, being an independent link, can be included in the training center for employee training, consisting of the following elements: an obstacle course designed for physical training, a psychological training complex and a fire training strip (shooting range). This trinity provides comprehensive training for employees.

Claims (3)

 1. A method for determining the professional suitability and psychological preparation of employees of the internal affairs bodies, including assessing the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, attention and speed of reaction before and after psychophysical exertion, characterized in that during the presentation of psychophysical exertion they carry out a sudden exposure to psychogenic and interference factors , additionally determine the skin resistance, the correct decision, memory, the ability to logical thinking, time spent data on the implementation of individual stages and the entire task, the obtained indicators are evaluated in points and the total points determine professional suitability and psychological preparation.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the test subject is exposed to visual, sound, tactile and odor stimuli during the preparation process.  3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the subject is exposed to an additional black-yellow visual stimulus.

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