RU208080U1 - A screw trainer for group exercises to restore fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model "Screw simulator for group exercises on the restoration of fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients" refers to medicine in the section of neurology, neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and can be used in the neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during group classes on the restoration of fine motor skills. motility, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. The utility model contains a flat base (1) of a rectangular shape, on the front surface of which marking lines (2) are applied, forming identical square cells on the surface of the base (1) (3), which are arranged in horizontal rows, the number of square cells (3) in each of which is the same; at the same time, in the center of each square cell (3), a recess is made in which a nut (4) is rigidly fixed, and all nuts (4) are the same in size, and chip screws (5) are screwed into them, the heads of which differ in two colors, and the number (7) is marked on the surface of each of the square cells (3). Thus, the claimed "Screw simulator" allows for interesting and attractive group exercises for patients, aimed at the simultaneous restoration of motor and mental processes: a) fine motor skills during winding and unscrewing nuts-chips; b) intellectual activity in solving game problems that arise during the game "Tic-tac-toe"; c) spatial memory during the performance of various exercises. The claimed "Screw simulator" introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Screw simulator" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the field of neurology, neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises to restore fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

The forms of its organization, used in the course of classes with neurological patients with impairments of various mental and motor functions, play an important role for the effectiveness of restorative training.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for the maximum use of all human capabilities and abilities, use of the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S.Aphazia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychology -social institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001).

One of the forms of organization of restorative education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is a group form of training, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental and motor functions, expanding and supplementing individual training with a specialist and independent training of patients during their stay in neurological clinic.

Group lessons allow realizing, first of all, the activity of communication and influence on the patient's personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S.Aphazia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing House NPO "MODEK", 2001).

According to the expert on group dynamics Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (D. Myers Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of training contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of restorative learning when working on the restoration of various motor functions in neurological patients, including fine motor skills, as well as mental functions, including intellectual activity and spatial memory.

Violation of fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory occurs in neurological patients due to organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Fine motor skills is a set of coordinated actions aimed at performing precise small movements with the hands and fingers (Wikipedia. Fine motor skills, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkaya_motorika).

To restore the fine motor skills of the fingers of the hand, various devices and simulators are used that ensure the inclusion of the fingers in various movements, one of which is the rotation of a small object with the fingers of the hand.

So, from the existing state of the art known "Exercise machine table" Panel with screws "", intended for exercises to restore fine motor skills by performing exercises by patients, which consist in tightening and unscrewing screws with fingers (Internet store "TD Armada", Exercise table "Panel with screws ”, found on the Internet on August 15, 2021 at https://rapla.ru/product/trenazher-nastolnyj-panel-s-vintami-3/).

Structurally, this simulator is a three-stage wooden base, at each stage of which there are four metal screws.

The disadvantages of this simulator when used during group exercises to restore fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory are:

a) this simulator is not intended for use in group exercises;

b) this simulator is not intended for classes to restore intellectual activity;

c) this simulator is not intended for exercises to restore spatial memory;

d) the complexity of tightening and unscrewing the screws due to the considerable length of their part protruding above the surface of the simulator, which does not allow patients to rest their hand on the surface of the simulator and forcing them to keep it suspended during exercise;

e) the uniformity of movements for twisting and unscrewing the screws can lead to a decrease in patients' interest in classes and their rapid fatigue.

Also known from the existing prior art is the device "Game panel simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills, visual-spatial memory and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 182218 U1 dated 07.08.2018).

Structurally, this device is a rectangular plate containing a marking in the form of a playing field for the game "Tic-Tac-Toe", consisting of nine or sixteen square cells, in the center of each of which there is a cylindrical protrusion with an external thread, designed for winding plastic plugs-chips with images "Crosses" and "zeroes".

In contrast to the simulator discussed above, in this device, the process of winding and unscrewing plastic plugs is included in game activity, which is aimed at restoring visual-spatial memory and intellectual activity, which helps to maintain the interest of patients in the exercise process and increase the efficiency of restoring fine motor skills.

However, this device does not allow performing restorative exercises using screws, screwing and unscrewing of which is a motor act, which has been strengthened in the past experience of many patients, and therefore is effective for use in the restoration of fine motor skills of the fingers.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above simulators and devices, as well as to expand the arsenal of devices intended for training in the restoration of fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory, a device "Screw simulator for group training in the restoration of fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients" has been developed (hereinafter referred to as "Screw simulator").

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) the actions performed by the patients should be simultaneously aimed at both the restoration of motor functions - fine motor skills, and the restoration of mental functions - intellectual activity and spatial memory;

b) maintaining and strengthening the interest of patients in the exercise process through the use of a new device;

c) the use of motor acts, consolidated in the past experience of many patients, as a basis for the restoration of fine motor skills;

d) restoration of fine motor skills should be carried out by performing rotational movements when screwing and unscrewing screws in the course of an attractive and interesting game activity for patients, which ensures the transfer of the movement process to a less arbitrary (and, accordingly, more preserved) level of flow;

e) the restoration of intellectual activity should be carried out in the course of solving game problems arising in the process of the game "Tic-Tac-Toe";

f) restoration of spatial memory should be carried out during the performance of various exercises with the "Screw simulator";

g) ensuring the comfort of training due to the realization of the possibility of supporting the patient's hand on the surface of the "Screw simulator";

h) use of ready-made elements in the construction of the "Screw simulator" that reduce its cost;

i) the simplicity of the design of the "Screw simulator", contributing to its widespread implementation in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed useful model is the expansion of the arsenal of devices intended for group exercises to restore motor and mental functions, which contributes to the maintenance and enhancement of patients' interest in the process of recovery exercises, and is provided due to the structural elements of the claimed "Screw simulator", which provide an opportunity to conduct attractive and comfortable for sick classes, which are aimed at the simultaneous restoration of motor functions - fine motor skills, and mental functions - intellectual activity and spatial memory.

This technical result is provided due to the fact that the "Screw simulator" contains a flat rectangular base, on the front surface of which there are marking lines that form on the surface of the base identical square cells, which are arranged in horizontal rows, the number of square cells in each of which is the same; at the same time, a recess is made in the center of each square cell, in which a nut is rigidly fixed, and all the nuts are the same in size, and screw-counters are screwed into them, the heads of which differ in two colors, and a number is applied to the surface of each of the square cells.

In the preferred version of the "Screw Trainer", the base is made of wood.

In the preferred version of the "Screw Trainer", the base is made of plastic.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Screw Trainer", the nuts are made of metal.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Screw Trainer", the nuts are made of plastic.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Screw Trainer", the counter screws are made of metal.

In the preferred version of the "Screw Trainer", the counter screws are made of plastic.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Screw Trainer", the ordinal number of the square cell is a number.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Screw Trainer", the serial number of the square cell is a letter.

The essence of the utility model "Screw simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients" is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 is a general view of the base of the "Screw simulator" without counter screws;

FIG. 2 - view of the "Screw simulator" with screw-in screws-counters;

FIG. 3, 4 - examples of work cards of varying degrees of difficulty.

The declared "Screw simulator" (see Fig. 1, 2) is a flat base (1) rectangular (or square) (see Fig. 1), on the front surface of which are applied (for example, with dark paint) marking lines (2 ), forming identical square cells (3) on the front surface of the base (1), in the center of each of which there is a recess in which a nut (4) is rigidly fixed, intended for screwing in a screw-counter (5) during exercise (see Fig. . 2).

In this case, the screws-counters (5) are the same in shape and size, and their heads differ in two colors applied on their surface (by paint or in some other way), for example, white and black, one of which conventionally denotes "crosses "And the other is" noughts ".

The dimensions indicated below for this particular "Screw Trainer" are not signs that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

The base (1) of the "Screw Trainer" can be made of wood (solid board, plywood, chipboard, etc.) or plastic.

The thickness of the base (1) is 15-25 mm, the size of the side of the square cell (3) is 30-50 mm, and the thickness of the marking lines (2) is 2-4 mm.

Square cells (3) are located on the surface of the base (1) in identical horizontal rows, the number of square cells (3) in each of which is the same, and ranges from 3 to 6 or more pieces.

The number of horizontal rows of square cells (3) ranges from 3 to 6 or more rows.

Thus, square cells (3) with nuts (4) fixed in them form a playing field for the game "Tic-Tac-Toe" (intended for training in the restoration of intellectual activity), the game elements of which are the same screws-chips (5), heads which differ in two colors.

Along with the playing field, the base (1) of the "Screw simulator" also performs the functions of a working field intended for exercises to restore spatial memory, during which the same screws-counters (5) are used.

The shape and dimensions of the recess made in the center of each square cell (3) corresponds to the shape and dimensions of the nut (4), which is rigidly fixed (for example, by means of an adhesive joint) in the recess so that the upper part of the nut (4) is at the level of the face surface bases (1).

The term “nut” refers to a fastener with a threaded hole that forms a detachable connection by means of a screw, bolt, or stud. Usually nuts are made in hexagonal shape, but they can be square, round with a notch or other arbitrary shape (Wikipedia. Nut, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut).

The nuts (4), fixed in the center of each of the square cells (3), are the same in size, and can be in the form of existing nuts: hex, square or other arbitrary shape.

In this case, the nuts (4) can be made of metal or plastic, and the threaded diameter of each nut (4) is the same and can be from 10 mm to 20 mm or more.

The following can be used as counter screws (5):

a) commercially available metal screws, the thread diameter of which corresponds to the thread diameter of the nuts (4);

b) screws specially made of metal or plastic, the threaded diameter of which corresponds to the threaded diameter of the nuts (4).

The term "screw" means a part of a detachable screw connection, which is a rod with a thread at one end and a head at the other. There are mounting screws with round, hexagonal, square and other types of heads (Wikipedia. Screw (detail), found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vint_(part)).

Thus, the heads of the counter screws (5) can have the shape of the heads of existing screws: hexagonal, square, or any other shape that provides the ability to screw and unscrew the counter screws (5) with your fingers without using any tools.

In this case, the screws-counters (5) can be made of metal or plastic, and the height of the lower part of each screw-counter (5) is equal to the thickness of the base (1) or is 5-10 mm higher than the thickness of the base (1).

To increase the range of rotational movements of the fingers of the hand when screwing in and out the screws-counters (5), in the base (1) of the "Screw trainer", under each recess (in which the nut (4) is fixed), a through or blind hole (6 ), the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the screw-counter (5).

To ensure the possibility of conducting classes to restore impaired spatial memory, on the surface of each of the square cells (3) its serial number (7) is applied (for example, with dark paint), which is a number, for example, “1”, “2”, “3 "," 4 "," 5 ", etc., or a letter of the alphabet, for example," A "," B "," C "," D "," D ", etc.

In this case, the numbers (7) of all square cells (3) are of the same type, that is, they represent either numbers or letters.

For lessons on restoring impaired spatial memory, a methodological manual is used, consisting of working cards (8) of a rectangular or square shape (see Figs. 3, 4), each of which contains on both sides a simplified image (9) of the "Screw simulator" (without holes and numbers), in the cells of which there are hexagons (or circles) of two colors (corresponding to the colors of the heads of the used screws-chips (5)), the location of which the patient must remember and reproduce from memory by screwing the screws-chips (5) with heads of the given colors on the nuts (4) of the corresponding square cells (3).

In this case, the degree of complexity of each working card (8) is determined by the number of hexagons in the cells of the image (9) of the "Screw simulator". So work cards (8) with fewer hexagons (see Fig. 3) are simpler than work cards (8) with a large number of hexagons (see Fig. 4).

Working with the device "Screw simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients" is carried out as follows.

Before the beginning of the training, the "Screw simulator" is located on the work table, and each of the patients in turn unscrews the screws-counters (5).

In this case, each of the patients performs all actions with the screws-counters (5) with a hand with a violation of fine motor skills.

If the lesson is aimed at restoring fine motor skills and intellectual activity, the unscrewed screws-chips (5) are divided between patients in such a way that one of them receives screws-chips (5) with heads of the same color (conventionally denoting "crosses"), and another patient - screws-counters (5) with heads of a different color (conventionally denoting "zeroes").

Further, one of the patients makes the first move by screwing in (restoration of fine motor skills) a counter-screw (5), denoting a "cross", into the nut (4) of any of the square cells (3) of the "Screw simulator", after which another patient carries out the next move, screwing (restoration of fine motor skills) the screw-chip (5), denoting "zero", into the nut (4) of some other square cell (3), etc.

When performing each subsequent move, patients need to think it over by analyzing (restoring intellectual activity) of the mutual arrangement of screws-counters (5) in square cells (3) of the "Screw simulator".

The game ends with the victory of one of the patients who, in accordance with the rules of the game "Tic-Tac-Toe", made a row (horizontal, vertical or diagonal) of screws-counters (5) with heads of the same color, or in a draw, when neither one of the patients.

Thus, in the course of these sessions, patients solve various game problems (restoration of intellectual activity) that arise during the game "Tic-Tac-Toe", screwing (restoration of fine motor skills) screws-counters (5), denoting "crosses" and "toes", into the nuts (4) located in the square cells (3) of the Screw Trainer.

After the end of the game, the patients unscrew (restoration of fine motor skills) the used screws-counters (5), after which the “Screw simulator” can be used for a new game “Tic-tac-toe” or to restore impaired spatial memory.

If the lesson is aimed at restoring fine motor skills and spatial memory, work cards (8) are used, containing memorization tasks of varying degrees of difficulty (see Figs. 3, 4).

In this case, the patients receive one working card (8) of the same degree of complexity, after which one of the patients, during the time interval specified by the specialist (from 20 or more seconds) memorizes (restoration of spatial memory) the location of the hexagons of two colors on the used working card (8), after which the work card (8) is covered with something (for example, a sheet of paper), and the patient, from memory (restoration of spatial memory), screws (restoration of fine motor skills) screws-counters (5) with heads of specified colors in nuts (4) located in the corresponding square cells (3) of the "Screw Trainer".

After completing the task, the specialist checks the correctness of its implementation and records the number of mistakes made.

Next, the used counter screws (5) are unscrewed, and the above-described sequence of actions is repeated for other patients. The patient wins by making fewer mistakes.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of spatial memory, working cards (8) of a greater degree of complexity are used.

Along with the above-described method, exercises to restore spatial memory can be carried out by another method, without using work cards (8).

In this case, the specialist calls one of the patients a sequence of several numbers corresponding to the numbers (7) of the square cells (3), for example: “2”, “4”, “6”, “8”.

The patient must try to remember this sequence, and from memory screw the screws-counters (5) onto the nuts (4) located in square cells (3), the numbers (7) of which correspond to the numbers of the memorized sequence.

After completing the task, the specialist checks the correctness of its implementation and records the number of mistakes made.

Next, the used counter screws (5) are unscrewed, and the above-described sequence of actions is repeated for other patients. The patient wins by making fewer mistakes.

As patients achieve positive results in restoring spatial memory, the specialist increases the number of digits in the sequence he calls.

Along with the above-described sequence consisting of individual numbers (letters), other sequences can also be used, including, for example, the color of the heads of the screws-counters (5), which must be screwed onto the nuts (4) of the corresponding square cells (3), for example: “ 2 - white "," 4 - black "," 6 - black "," 8 - white ".

Thus, the effectiveness of the "Screw Trainer" (when working on the restoration of fine motor skills and spatial memory) is ensured by the fact that in the course of the lesson patients perform various exercises aimed at restoring spatial memory, screwing (restoration of fine motor skills) screws-chips (5) into nuts (4) located in the corresponding square cells (3) of the base (1).

Along with this, the effectiveness of the "Screw simulator" is also associated with the fact that the process of training includes social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness. In addition, it is important that in the case of a lack of motivation to exercise in one patient, there is his incentive to exercise on the part of another patient.

Along with exercises aimed at restoring fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients, the "Screw Trainer" can be effectively used:

a) when conducting classes to restore fine motor skills of the fingers of the hand, impaired as a result of various other reasons, for example, injuries, the consequences of surgical operations, etc.;

b) when conducting neuropsychological trainings with elderly people.

Thus, the declared "Screw simulator" allows to conduct interesting and attractive group exercises for patients, aimed at the simultaneous restoration of motor and mental processes: a) fine motor skills when tightening and unscrewing nut-counters; b) intellectual activity in solving game problems arising in the course of the game "Tic-Tac-Toe"; c) spatial memory during the performance of various exercises.

The declared "Screw simulator" introduces an element of novelty into the process of recovery exercises, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Screw simulator" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (8)

1. A screw simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills, intellectual activity and spatial memory in neurological patients, characterized by the fact that it contains a flat rectangular base, on the front surface of which there are marking lines that form identical square cells on the surface of the base, which are located horizontally in rows, the number of square cells in each of which is the same; at the same time, a recess is made in the center of each square cell, in which a nut is rigidly fixed, and all the nuts are the same in size, and screw-counters are screwed into them, the heads of which differ in two colors, and a number is applied to the surface of each of the square cells. 2. A screw trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made of wood. 3. A screw simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made of plastic. 4. A screw simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the nuts are made of metal. 5. A screw simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the nuts are made of plastic. 6. The screw simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws-counters are made of metal. 7. The screw simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws-counters are made of plastic. 8. Screw simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ordinal number of the square cell is a number.

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