RU2075029C1 - Method of delivery of aimed fire against moving target - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: optoelectronic engineering, can be used in gun sights. SUBSTANCE: method of delivery of aimed fire against moving target is based on gun aiming on target with the aid of an optical sight, measurement of target range and gun displacement to the lead point. After the gun is aimed on the target, time interval Δt is measured, during which the target will displace within the field of sight vision through preset angle Q, the target is being tracked, and after measurement of target is being tracked, and after measurement of target range D, the lead is calculated by formula:

, where v_av. - average bullet velocity to the lead range, then, in accordance with the calculated lead, the sighting mark is set out on the sight reticule, according to which the gun is laid on the lead point. EFFECT: facilitated procedure. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to optoelectronic technology and can be used in gun sights.

There is a method of conducting aimed shooting at a moving target, based on pointing the weapon at the target and its tracking, obtaining information about the range, choosing the lead and moving the weapon to the anticipated point [Manual on the shooting case. M. Military Publishing House, 1987, p. 485]
This method, taken as a prototype, increases the accuracy of hitting the target only if the lead information is correctly selected for the received range information, which depends not only on the range, but also on the speed and direction of movement of the target. Therefore, the selected lead, and, consequently, the accuracy of hitting a target, depend on the experience of the operator.

 The invention has the following tasks: eliminate subjective error in the choice of lead; ensure high accuracy of hitting a target moving in any direction.

 The solution to the problems is achieved by the fact that after aiming the weapon at the target with the help of an optical sight, the time interval Δt is measured, during which the target moves within the scope of the sight by a given angle θ, the distance D to the target is measured and accompanied, the lead angle v, according to which they put the reticle on the reticle, and then carry out the guidance of the weapon at a pre-defined point.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram for determining the lead angle, and in FIG. 2 - a variant of the device that implements the proposed method.

Расстояние ОС есть упрежденная дальность, которая может быть определена по формуле: OC=V_ср•t_упр, где V_ср - средняя скорость полета пули; t_упр время полета пули на упрежденную дальность.Let the target located at point A (Fig. 1) move at a speed V _c at a certain angle q with respect to the observer at point O. To take into account the speed of the target, it is necessary to fire with a certain lead v, assuming that the target is from the moment of the shot and until the moment of meeting with the bullet it moves rectilinearly and evenly. With this assumption, the meeting point can be found from the proactive AOS triangle. By the sine theorem we find:

The OS distance is the predefined range, which can be determined by the formula: OC = V _cf • t _cfm , where V _cf is the average bullet speed; t _control the flight time of the bullet at a predefined range.

В полученной формуле (1) неизвестными являются угол упреждения Φ, скорость цели V_ц и курсовой угол q.During time t _{control the} target moving with a speed of V _C , will pass the distance AC. therefore

In the obtained formula (1), the lead angle Φ, the target velocity V _c and the course angle q are unknown.

Откуда следует:

После подстановки выражения (2) в формулу (1) находим:

Заменяя синусы малых углов Φ и θ значениями этих углов в радианах, получим следующую зависимость для угла упреждения:

Таким образом, в соответствии с полученной формулой предложенный способ основан на наведении с помощью оптического прицела оружия на цель, измерении временного интервала Δt, в течение которого цель переместится в пределах поля зрения прицела на заданный угол θ, измерении дальности до цели и ее сопровождении, вычислении угла упреждения по формуле (4).Consider the triangle AOW. In this triangle AB, the distance traveled by the target for a fixed interval Dt, during which it moves within the scope of the sight at an angle θ. If, at the end of the time interval Dt, the distance to the target is measured, i.e. OB = D, then from the triangle AOW it follows:

From where it follows:

After substituting expression (2) in formula (1) we find:

Replacing the sines of small angles Φ and θ with the values of these angles in radians, we obtain the following dependence for the lead angle:

Thus, in accordance with the formula obtained, the proposed method is based on aiming a weapon with an optical sight at a target, measuring the time interval Δt, during which the target moves within the scope of the sight at a given angle θ, measuring the distance to the target and its tracking, calculating lead angle according to the formula (4).

 The calculated value of the lead angle in the optical sight is used to indicate the position of the aiming mark on its grid, on which the weapon is guided to the lead point with subsequent firing.

 One possible implementation of the proposed method is the device shown in FIG. 2. The device comprises a lens 1, an eyepiece 2, a grid 3, a shaper 4 of the time interval, a control unit 5 of the laser 6, an optical system 7, a sensor 8 of the reference pulse, a shaper 9 of a range pulse, a meter 10 of a time interval, a generator 11 of counting pulses, a calculator 12 , a spectrum splitter 13, a photodetector 14, a threshold device 15, a range meter 16 and an aiming mark drive 17.

 The device operates as follows. The operator, observing through the optically conjugated lens 1 and the eyepiece 2, detects the target, registers the direction of its movement and combines the side mark of the reticle 3 with the target, creating some anticipation for the weapon. At the moment of combining the side mark of the grid 3 with the target, the operator, by lightly touching the sensor, starts the driver 4 of the time interval Dt. Holding the weapon with the sight in the same position, the operator records the moment the target reaches the center of the field of view of the sight (crosshair) and with a light touch on another sensor issues a command to block 5 to start the laser 6 and to shaper 4 to return it to its original state. As a result of this, the shaper 4 generates a pulse of duration Δt corresponding to the time the target moves through the angle θ, and a pump pulse is generated in the control unit 5, under the influence of which the laser 6 generates an optical pulse that is emitted through the optical system 7 in the direction of the target. At the same moment in time, a reference pulse is formed in the sensor 8, which starts the range pulse shaper 9.

 The pulse generated by the driver 4 with a duration Δt is fed to a time meter 10, to the counting input of which pulses are generated by the generators 11. The measured time interval Δt in a digital code is fed to the first input of the calculator 12.

 The optical pulse reflected from the target through the lens 1 and the spectrum splitter 13 is fed to a photodetector 14, which converts the radiation into an electrical signal. At threshold device 15, this signal is compared with some reference level. As a result of such a comparison, a comparison pulse is generated in the threshold device 15, which is supplied to the second input of the range pulse shaper 9 and returns to its original state. The range pulse generated by the shaper 9 is supplied to the range meter 16, to the counting input of which the pulses of the generator 11 are supplied. The measured range value D is digitally supplied to the second input of the calculator 12.

где k_o = θ/v_ср параметр, являющийся некоторой константой и характерный для данного типа оружия, боеприпаса и прицела. Как следует из формулы (5), вычислитель 12 является схемой деления, выходной сигнал которой должен быть усилен в k_o раз. Решение такой задачи широко известно в технической литературе [cм. например, Р. П.П.Жилинскас. Измерители отношения и их применение в радиоизмерительной технике, М. Сов. радио, 1975]
Выходной сигнал вычислителя 12, соответствующий углу упреждения, пропорционален изменению положения прицельной марки по горизонтали. Этот сигнал поступает на привод 17 прицельной марки, осуществляющий ее механическое перемещение (например, с помощью электромагнита) на сетке 3 прицела. В результате этого прицельная марка будет выставлена с требуемым упреждением.In the calculator 12 by the formula (4), the lead angle Φ is calculated. An analysis of formula (4) shows that it can be represented as:

where k _o = θ / v _{cf is a} parameter that is some constant and characteristic for this type of weapon, ammunition and sight. As follows from formula (5), the calculator 12 is a division circuit, the output signal of which must be amplified k _o times. The solution to this problem is widely known in the technical literature [see e.g. R.P.P. .ilinskas. Measuring instruments of the relation and their application in the radio-measuring equipment, M. Sov. radio, 1975]
The output signal of the calculator 12, corresponding to the lead angle, is proportional to the horizontal position change of the aiming mark. This signal is supplied to the drive 17 of the reticle, which carries out its mechanical movement (for example, using an electromagnet) on the grid 3 of the sight. As a result of this, the reticle will be displayed with the required lead.

 During the calculations carried out in the optical sight, the operator accompanies the target with the aim crosshair located in the center of the sight field of view, and then, when the aim mark is set with the required lead, transfers the weapon to the anticipated point and shoots.

 The proposed method provides high accuracy of the defeat of the target moving in any direction, since it allows you to determine the required lead angle and the installation of the aiming mark in the appropriate position.

Claims (1)

The method of conducting aimed shooting at a moving target, based on pointing the weapon at the target with the optical sight and its tracking, obtaining information about the range to the target and moving the weapon to the anticipated point, characterized in that after pointing the weapon at the target, measure the time interval Δt, in during which the target moves within the scope of the sight by a predetermined angle θ, accompany the target, and after measuring the distance D to the target, the lead angle Φ is calculated by the formula

where v _{cf is the} average speed of a bullet at a predefined range,
and then, in accordance with the calculated lead angle, an aiming mark is set on the reticle of the sight, along which the weapon is guided to the anticipated point.

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