RU2034492C1 - Synthetic fodder for aquarium fishes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of fodder for aquarium fishes. SUBSTANCE: proposed fodder contains (mass %): fish or flour 15-23, soya grist 2-3.5, wheat flour 9-12, dry milk 1-2, protein-vitamin concentrate 58-70, premix 1-1.5, biologic additive 1-1.5. EFFECT: increases survival rate and germination of larva and young fishes. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to aquarium fish farming, namely to fodder production, and is intended for feeding most types of aquarium fish at all stages of development.

 Known fish food and method for its production, intended for growing commercial and aquarium fish.

 The composition of the feed includes fish or krill flour, wheat flour, soybean meal, BVK-fermentolizate and additives. In addition, the feed contains blood meal, meat meal, dried seaweed, flour from poultry feathers, vegetable and potato extracts, whey, fat, as well as extracts from the internal organs of cubs or animal embryos, in particular calf blood extract, spleen extracts, liver and goiter or placenta extract. As can be seen from the above, the composition of the specified feed includes a large number of components, which greatly complicates its formulation and leads to wasteful use of raw materials.

 In addition, the use of scarce extracts from the internal organs of cubs and animal embryos for the synthesis of protein obtained by dialysis with subsequent preservation is not economically feasible. This time-consuming and expensive process significantly increases the cost of feed, and the use of a significant amount of fat and, in addition, the use of a fat coating on feed pellets to prevent the rapid dissolution of feed in water reduces the shelf life of the feed in natural conditions.

 Another disadvantage of the known food is the low survival rate and growth rate of fry and fish larvae in the early stages of their development. Since in the first days of life, fry and larvae of fish have an imperfect digestive tract, unable to produce digestive enzymes, when using this feed, it is difficult to assimilate it due to the significant amount of unsplit proteins in it.

 Closest to the proposed feed is a starter feed for growing larvae and juvenile sturgeons. The feed contains fish or krill flour, wheat flour, soybean meal, milk powder, BVK-fermentolizate, premix and additives. In addition, the composition of the feed includes blood meal, sunflower meal, IOO and the fat of marine mammals. Compared with the described analogue, the composition of the known artificial feed does not include such scarce and expensive components as extracts from the internal organs of cubs and animal embryos (extracts of the liver, goiter, or placenta) for the production of animal proteins, but synthetic protein-BVK is used, which is significantly reduces the cost of feed.

 Meat flour, dry seaweed, flour from poultry feathers, vegetable and potato extracts and whey are also excluded from the composition of this feed, which will allow more rational use of raw materials.

 In addition, reducing the amount of fat, preventing the need for the use of fatty shells on granules increases the shelf life of the feed in natural conditions.

 However, the disadvantage of the prototype as described analogue is the low degree of survival and growth rate of fry and larvae of fish in the early stages of their development. The data of the tests showed that the survival rate of fry and larvae of fish in the early stages of development is 37-79% and the gain in weight is 14-150 mg less than when feeding fry and larvae of fish with live zooplankton.

 In addition, the use of blood meal, sunflower meal, IOO and marine mammalian fat in the feed formulation complicates its composition, which leads to wasteful use of raw materials.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of survival and growth rate of fry in the early stages of their development and saving raw materials.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known feed containing fish or krill flour, wheat flour, soybean meal, milk powder, BVK-fermentolizate, premix and additives, these ingredients are administered in the following ratio, wt. fish or krill flour 15-23; wheat flour 9-12; soybean meal 2-3.5; milk powder 1-2; BVK-fermentolizate 58-70; premix 1-1.5; additives 1-1.5.

 To obtain artificial feed, 6 feed mixtures were prepared. Feed mixture 1 is prepared according to the recipe of the prototype (recipe St-4Az), and the remaining five feed mixtures contain each, wt. fish meal 15-23; wheat flour 9-12; soybean meal 2-3.5; milk powder 1-2; BVK-fermentolizate 58-70; premix 1-1.5; additives 1-1.5.

 Poprin fermentolizate was used as BVK-fermentolizate, and PF-2V premix was used as premix. In the number of additives were included, wt. methionine 0.8-1.2; antioxidant ionol 0.1-0.2; enzyme preparation protosubtilin GzX 0.05-0.1; entractant aromatic fennel oil 0.00005-0.0001, and food colors red, blue, green were used, in which mixtures 2-6 were alternately painted.

 These feed mixtures, differing from each other by the ratio of the components included in their composition, are presented in table 1.

 It should be noted that in the absence of soybean meal and milk powder in the recipe, it is possible to replace them with algal flour in an amount of 3-3.5 wt. as well as in adequate quantities, it is possible to replace the PF-2V premix with the PF-1M or PF-1V premix; antioxidant ionol to antioxidant Santokhin, an entractant of fennel oil to anise oil.

 Then, centrifugal granulation was used to produce croup with a size of at least 0.1; 0.1-0.2; 0.2-0.4; 0.4-0.6 and 0.6-0.8 mm with finely ground ingredients 0.01 mm.

The prepared feed was fed to four species of aquarium fish from three families: the Anabanide family (Anabanidea) spotted gourami; marble form (Trichogastes trichopterus); Cyprinidae family: (Сyprinidea) fire barbus (Barbus couchonius); Cichlidea family Cichlid parrot (Pelvieachromis puleher) and Zebra cichlid (Pseubotropheus Zedra)
The natural zooplankton live food, widely distributed among amateur aquarists, was used as a control.

 Data on changes in the fish breeding and biological indicators of feed use are presented in Table 2.

 As can be seen from table 2, the proposed artificial food "Rainbow" allows you to increase the survival rate and growth rate of fry and larvae of fish in the early stages of development, and the best performance is achieved with a quantitative ratio of ingredients according to the claims. The survival rate of juvenile fish ranges from 82-100%, which is 21-45% more than that of the prototype, and the increase in weight of juvenile fish fed by the proposed artificial feed is significantly higher than that of the prototype (12-150 mg, depending by type).

 It should be noted that the gourami have pigmentation of the skin on the 14th day of cultivation, and the death of gourami and barbs, as a rule, is observed among ugly larvae, mainly with anatomical pathology.

 In addition, the proposed quantitative ratio of ingredients allows to exclude components such as blood meal, sunflower meal, BVK and marine mammalian fat from the composition of the known feed, and reduce the use of fish or krill meal, which will simplify the feed formulation and thereby save raw materials .

 From the table. Figure 2 also shows that fry and larvae of the Anabasov family (gourami spotted) prefer food colored in green, fry and larvae of fish of the cyprinid family (fire barbus) are red, and fry and larvae of fish of the Cichlova family (parrot cichlid and zebra cichlid) prefer food colored in blue.

 In the process of growth of larvae and fry, no external pathology is observed. Fish grown exclusively on the feed of this recipe give a full-fledged viable offspring that can reproduce normally.

 Thus, the proposed artificial food "Rainbow" provides for the cultivation of both fry of viviparous fish from the first day of life, and the cultivation of spawning fish according to the scheme: larva-molecule-sexually mature; possesses increased nutritional qualities and non-toxic; provides feeding not only fish swimming and taking food from the surface of the water, but also larvae taking food in the water column and from the bottom.

Claims (1)

 Artificial food for aquarium fish containing fish or krill flour, wheat flour, soybean meal, milk powder, protein-vitamin concentrate-fermentolizate, premix and biologically active additives, characterized in that, in order to increase the degree of survival and growth rate of fry and larvae fish in the early stages of the development and economy of raw materials, the feed contains these ingredients in the following ratio, wt. Fish or krill flour 15 23
Wheat flour 9 12
Soybean meal 2.0 3.5
Milk Powder 1 2
Protein-vitamin concentrate-fermentolizate 58 70
Premix 1.0 1.5
Dietary supplements 1.0 1.5

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