RU2004044C1 - Gear for cell-by-cell charge of storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: for stepwise charging of battery batteries (DB) with stabilized current. Summary of the invention The charge of each battery battery is carried out by a separate circuit containing two parallel circuits of unregulated and regulated charge current of the battery. Maintaining a stable charge current is ensured by changing the conductivity of the regulating transistor controlled by the control circuit. The voltage control circuit provides switching to the second-stage current charge, as well as turning off the battery charge when the voltage reaches the corresponding value of 2 cpf 5 silt

Description

The invention relates to the charging and discharging of chemical current sources and can be used for stepwise charging of rechargeable batteries (AA) with stabilized current.

A device for charging a battery 1 is known for charging alkaline and acid batteries and automatically shutting them off at the end of a charge. The charging device contains a step-down transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to an alternating current network when the battery is charged, and the secondary winding with a middle terminal is connected to a half-wave rectifier for diodes of thyristors. passes charge current when current flows through the LED of an optocoupler included in the collector circuit of a transistor, the emitter and collector of which are connected in parallel with the terminals AB and the protection circuit against ezar yes, and base - to the control output of the circuit. As long as the voltage at the AB terminals is lower than the reference voltage of the protection unit, the transistor is open and passes current through the optocoupler LED. In this case, current flows through the battery charge circuit. If this voltage exceeds the reference, the transistor is closed by a signal from the protection unit arriving at its base. In this case, the current in the optocoupler LED circuit does not flow, therefore, the optocoupler output circuit is locked and the battery charge is stopped. The disadvantages of the known device include the lack of stabilization of the charge current, which increases the battery charge time, as well as undercharging or, on the contrary, recharging of individual battery batteries, since the charge is monitored over the entire battery voltage.

A device 2 is known in which there are two charge circuits. One circuit serves for recharging with a small current, and the other for accelerated charging with a large current. There is a timer to turn off the battery after charging. The fast discharge mode is controlled by a trigger, the control signal of which is supplied from the comparison circuit,

The disadvantages of the known device include the possibility of undercharging or recharging individual batteries for a reason similar to the first device, as well as the limitation of the maximum value of the charging current by the load capacity of the regulating transistor. Closest to the invention is a battery charging device.

battery 3, in which the output of the matching transformer is connected with a bridge rectifier, which through the adjustment element is a thyristor, shunted

through a resistor button, and through a current sensor - a resistor is connected to the output of the device and to the terminals of the AB, as a result of which a charge circuit is formed. The thyristor is controlled by the control unit, which changes the open time of the thyristor depending on the value of the voltage AB and completely locks the thyristor, then this voltage will reach the set value.

The known device can be designed for high charge currents, however, as for the above devices, it does not exclude undercharging or overcharging 6,000 individual batteries. In addition, the use of a thyristor rather than a transistor provides lower stabilization of the charge current.

5 The aim of the invention is a faster and more complete battery charge and elimination of overcharging of individual batteries, increasing the accuracy of stabilization of the charging current and reducing the load on the regulating element.

The object is achieved in that in a cell-by-cell charging device comprising a transformer, a bridge rectifier, a resistor current sensor,

5 a charge current resistor, a regulating element, a setting resistor, a zener diode, the charge of each battery is carried out by a separate charge circuit, each of which is additionally introduced

0 second bridge rectifier, second charge current resistor, first, second and third NC contacts, control transistor control circuit, connected in series with a constant and

5 variable resistors, a voltage control circuit, while the regulating element is made on a transistor, the inputs of the first and second bridge rectifiers of the charge circuits are connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the transformer, the positive output of the first bridge rectifier through the first contact, the first resistor sets the charge current parallel to which, through a second normally open key contact of 5 keys, a second charge current setting resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the corresponding battery accumulator, the second information input m control circuit of the regulating transistor, the negative circuit of which is connected to

the first information input of the control transistor control circuit and the information input of the voltage control circuit, and through a resistor-current sensor it is connected to the negative terminal of the first bridge rectifier and the negative terminal of the second bridge rectifier, whose positive terminal is through the third NC contact, emitter-collector transition of the control transistor, the installation resistor is connected to the anode of the zener diode, the negative supply inputs of the voltage control circuit and the control circuit of the regulator by a transistor, respectively, and through a constant resistor, the output of which is connected to the output of the control transistor control circuit, and a variable resistor - to the base of the control transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the positive power input of the control transistor control circuit and with the positive supply input of the voltage control circuit, the first output of which is mechanically connected to the second NC contact, the second to the first and third NC contacts, and the third to the switching input of the control circuit laziness regulating transistor.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a simplified equivalent circuit of a charging device (charger), where EI, t2, EAB are the EMF of the first, second power sources, and AB, respectively;

Roi. Ro2 is the internal resistance of the first and second power sources, respectively;

RL R2 is the resistance of the charge circuits of the first and second power supplies, respectively;

And, h are the currents of the first and second power sources, respectively;

la is the charge current of the battery.

From the diagram it follows that the charge current of the battery will be determined by the expression

 + l2, (1)

moreover

to Et EAB,, E2 - EAB, t

11 Roi + Ri and l2 R02 + R2 (2)

Figure 2 shows the distribution of battery charge current between power supplies. As can be seen from Fig. 2, by changing the ratio between the resistance values RI and R2, the distribution of the charge current between the power sources can also be changed.

Thus, the stabilization of the battery charge current can be achieved by changing the value, for example, the resistance R2 with a constant value of the resistance

R.1. Since the deviation of the charge current of the battery from the set value is much less than this value itself, the maximum value of the compensating current 3 can be much less than the charge current of the battery 3. This reduces the load on the adjustable resistance R2. In the case of using only one source of charge current, to stabilize the current of a series of batteries, it would be necessary to have a regulating element of high power, since the entire charge current would flow through it. The use of a thyristor as a regulating element, although it will provide

5 transmission of a large charge current, however, the accuracy of current stabilization in this case will be lower than when using a transistor as a regulating element. Low compensation current 2

0 allows the use of a transistor as a regulating element.

The functional diagram of the device shown in Fig. 3 comprises a transformer 1, a charge circuit 2, a first bridge 5. A rectifier 3. a first charge current resistor 4, a second charge current resistor 5, a second current resistor sensor, and a second bridge rectifier 7, zener diode 8, voltage control circuit 9, regulating transistor 10, variable resistor 11, constant resistor 12, regulating transistor control circuit 13, setting resistor 14, first break contact 15, second

5 NC contact 16, third NC contact 17.

The input circuits of bridge rectifier 3, 7 of charge circuit 2 are connected to the secondary winding of transformer 1.

0 The positive terminal of the first bridge rectifier 3 through the first NC contact 15, the first charge current resistor 4, parallel to which, through the second NC contact 16 of the 5 keys, the second resistor 5 of the charge current setting is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 18 and to the second information the output of voltage control circuit 9. The negative terminal of the first bridge rectifier 3 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 18 through a resistor sensor 6.

The positive terminal of the second bridge rectifier 7 is connected to the positive terminal 5 of the battery 18 through the third NC contact 17 and the emitter-collector junction of the regulating transistor 10 and the mounting resistor 14, and its negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 18 through a relay-sensor 6 current.

The zener diode 8 is connected by anode to the negative terminal of the second bridge rectifier, and the cathode through the third opening contact is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier. The positive and negative supply inputs of the voltage control circuit 9 and the control transistor control circuit 13 are connected to the cathode and anode of the zener diode 8, respectively.

The base of the control transistor 10 is connected through an alternating resistor 11 to the output of the control circuit 13, and through this resistor and constant resistor 12 to the negative terminal of the second bridge rectifier 7. The control inputs of the control circuits of the control transistor 13 and voltage control 9 are respectively connected between themselves with. the negative terminal of the battery 18, the first output of the voltage control circuit 9 is mechanically connected to the second NC contact 16, the second to the first and third NC contacts 15 and 17, respectively, the third is c. the switching input of the control transistor control circuit 13.

Transformer 1 is designed to reduce the voltage of the network.

The first bridge rectifier 3 is designed to supply direct current to the main charge circuit of the battery 18.

Charge current resistors 4 and 5 provide a choice of the main component of the charge current. With the closed contact 10, these resistances are switched off in parallel and the charge current corresponds to the first stage. When the contacts 16s are opened, only the resistor 4 is connected to the charge circuit and the charge current decreases to a value corresponding to the second stage,

A current resistor-sensor 6 is necessary to create control circuits for the control transistor 13 and to control the voltage 9, respectively, of a potential proportional to the charge current of the battery 18.

The second bridge rectifier is designed to create a compensating charge current and power the control circuits of the control transistor 13 and control the voltage 9, respectively. Zener diode 8 is designed to stabilize the supply voltage of these circuits.

The voltage control circuit 9 is designed to switch from the first to the second stage of the charge current when the voltage of the battery 18 reaches a certain value and the battery 18 is turned off when the voltage reaches the value of the end of the charge. The circuit has two identical channels tuned to different values of the monitored band. Its circuit diagram shown in FIG. 4 contains a first resistor 9-1, a tuning resistor 9-2, a zener diode 9-3, a second resistor 9-4, a first transistor 9-5, a third resistor 9-6,

0 second transistor 9-7, capacitor 9-8, coil of the first relay 9-10, make contacts of the first relay 9-11, coil of the second relay 9-12.

The third digit in the designation x indicates

5 for belonging to the 1st or 2nd channel of the circuit.

The input of the tuned resistor 9-2 is connected to the second information input of the circuit, through the first resistor 9-1 to the first information input of the circuit, and its movable contact through the zener diode 9-3 is connected to the base of the first transistor 9-5, the emitter of which is connected to the positive the supplying circuit input, the collector through a three-wire resistor 9-6, the base through the second resistor 9-4 - with a negative supplying circuit input. The emitter of the second transistor 9-7 is connected to the positive supply input of the circuit, the collector through

0 the coil of the first relay 9-10 - with a negative power input to the circuit, and the base - with the collector of the first transistor 9-5. A capacitor 9-8 is connected between the collector of the first 9-5 and second 9-7 transistors.

5 The coil of the first relay 9-10 is shunted by a protective diode 9-9, turned on the opposite polarity with respect to the power source. The closing contacts 9-11 of the first relay are included in the coil circuit of the second

0 relay 9-12. The opening contacts of the second relay of the first channel 9-12-1 and the second relay of the second channel 9-12-2 are the mechanical inputs of the charge circuit 2.

Trimmer Resistors 9-2-1, 9-2-2

5 serve to tune the corresponding circuit channel to a predetermined threshold. The first and second transistors 9-5-1, 9-7-1 and 9-5-2, 9-7-2 respectively provide amplification of the controlled signal. Zener diodes 9-3-1 and 9-3-2 are sources of a reference voltage with which the monitored signal is compared. Capacitors 9-8-1, 9-8-2 provide "reliable operation of the second transistors 9-7-1, 9-7-2. Protective diodes 9-9-1, 9-9-2 protect the second transistors 9-7-1, 9-7-2 from overvoltages arising from the switching of the first relays 9-10-1.9-10-1, 9-10 -2. The second relays 9-12-1. 9-12-2 are required to open when

operation of the corresponding circuits of charge circuit 2.

The control transistor 10 is designed to change the compensating charge current of the battery 18 by changing the resistance of the emitter-collector junction when a corresponding signal from the control circuit 13 is supplied to its base.

Using the variable and constant resistors 11 1 and 12, respectively, the operating point of the control transistor 10 is selected.

The control transistor control circuit 13 is designed to amplify a signal proportional to the charge current and to influence the base of transistor 0.

The circuit diagram of the circuit 13 is shown in FIG. 5, which shows a variable resistor 13-1 of the base circuit of the nepsdro transistor, the first transistor 13-2, a constant resistor 13-3 of the collector circuit of the first transistor, a zener diode 13-4, the first resistor 13-5 voltage divider, shunt resistor 13-6, breaking contact 13-7, second resistor 13-8 voltage divider, variable resistor 13-9 of the base circuit of the second transistor, second transistor 13-10, constant collector circuit resistor 13-11 of the second transistor.

A signal proportional to the charge current of the battery is supplied through the variable resistor 13-1 to the base of the first transistor 13-2, the collector of which is connected through the resistor 13-3 to the negative power input of the circuit, and the emitter through the first resistor 13-5 of the voltage divider through a zener diode 13-4 connected to the positive power input of the circuit, and through the second resistor to the negative power input of the circuit. A shunt resistor 13-6 is connected in parallel with the first resistor 13-5, the voltage divider through the opening contact 13-7. The emitter of the second transistor 13-10 is connected to the positive power input of the circuit, the collector through the resistor 13-11 to the negative power input of the circuit, and the base through a variable resistor 13-9-with the collector of the first transistor 13-2. The collector of the second transistor 13-10 is connected to the output of the circuit. The NC contacts 13-7 are the switching input of the circuit.

The mounting resistor 14 is designed to set the compensation current of the battery.

The device operates as follows.

When applying alternating voltage to the primary winding of transformer 1

under the influence of voltages, which appeared at the outputs of the first 3 and second 7 bridge rectifiers, the main and compensating currents, respectively, will flow through the accumulator 18 and the resistor-current sensor. As the battery 18 is charged, the voltage at its terminals increases, and the negative potential of the connection point of the negative terminal of the battery 18 with the resistor 10 of the current sensor 6 increases. Therefore, a more negative voltage will be applied to the base of the first transistor 13-2 of the control transistor control circuit 13 (Fig. 5) with respect to its emitter. As a result, the transistor 13-2 will begin to open slightly, the potential on its collector and, accordingly, on the basis of the transistor 13-10 will become more positive. Transistor 13-10

0 is closed, the potential at its collector, and consequently at the output of the control circuit 13, will become more negative, which will cause the control transistor 10 to open a little, and therefore increase the compensating charge current of the battery. The zener diode 13-4 provides the formation of a reference potential on the emitter transistor 13-2, with which the potential of the negative terminal of the battery 18 is compared.

When the voltage of the battery 18 reaches a certain value, the zener diode 9-3-1 breaks down in the first channel of the voltage control circuit 9

5 (FIG. 4), as a result of which the transistor 9-5-1 closes and the negative potential coming from its collector to the base of the transistor 9-7-1 opens the latter. Relay 9-10-1 begins to flow through the coil

0 current, the relay operates and with its contacts 9-11-1 supplies power to the relay coil 9-12-1. The latter is triggered and by its opening contacts 16 it turns off the second resistor 5 for setting the charge current in

5 to the charging circuit (Fig. 3), and by the disconnecting contacts 13-7, it turns off the shunt resistor 13-6 in the control transistor control circuit 13 (Fig. 5). As a result, in the first circuit, the main battery charge current decreases to the value of the second stage, and in the second circuit the reference potential of the emitter of transistor 13-2 is changed to the corresponding value.

5 When increasing the voltage of the battery 18 to a value corresponding to the end of the charge, the zener diode 9-3-2 of the second channel of the voltage control circuit 9 breaks down. In this case, similarly to the first channel of circuit 9, the transistor 9-5-2 closes and the transistor -9-7-2 opens. Relay 9-10-2 operates and, through its contacts 9-11-2, supplies power to the coil of relay 9-12-2, which will operate and, by its contacts 15 and 17, will break the charge circuit of the battery 18 by the main and compensating currents, respectively.

Similarly, other battery cells are charged. The battery will completely stop when all its batteries are fully charged.

The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that, in contrast to the known charging devices, not one but two rectifiers were used to create the charge current, the first of which creates the main (unregulated) component of the charge current, and the second compensates ( adjustable) charge current component. This allows you to reduce the load from the control element and use a transistor instead of a thyristor. In this case, the charge current stabilization circuit is simplified and its

ACCURACY.

The economic effect of the use of the device is achieved by increasing the efficiency of the battery when discharging and due to a more complete charge of each of its batteries separately; increasing the battery life by eliminating the overcharging of individual batteries by disconnecting the circuits from the charge when the voltage reaches the end of the charge, shortening the charge time due to the use of a two-stage constant current charge, as opposed to a constant charge this voltage, and that rate of increasing the accuracy of maintaining direct current due to the use of a transistor instead of a thyristor as a regulating element,

(56) 1. US patent No. 4767977, CL. H02 J 7/10, 1988.

2. The author's certificate of the USSR No. 1283896, cl. H 02 J 7/10, 1985., -,

3. The author's certificate of the USSR No. 1374335, cl. H 02 J 7/10.1986.

Claims (3)

1. DEVICE FOR BATTERY CHARGING, containing a transformer, a first bridge rectifier, a current resistor-sensor, a first charge current resistor, a regulating element, a setting resistor, a zener diode, characterized in that, for the purpose of faster and more complete charging Yes, the battery, eliminating the overcharging of individual batteries, increasing the accuracy of stabilization of the charging current and reducing the load on the control element, each battery is charged by a separate charging circuit a, in each of which a second bridge rectifier, a second charge current resistor, a first, second and third disconnect contacts, a control element for the regulating element, series-connected constant and alternating resistors, a voltage control circuit, the regulating element made on a transistor, the inputs of the first and second bridge rectifiers of the charge circuits are connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the transformer, the positive output of the first bridge rectifier through the first disconnect contact, the first charge current resistor, parallel to which through the second opening the contact is connected to the second charge current resistor, connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the second information input of the voltage control circuit, the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the first information input of the voltage control circuit voltage and with the information input of the control circuit of the regulating transistor, and through a resistor-current sensor connected to the negative terminal of the first bridge rectifier and negative the output of the second bridge rectifier, the positive terminal of which is through the third NC contact, the emitter-collector junction of the adjustable transistor, the mounting resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, the negative terminal of the second bridge rectifier is connected to the anode of the zener diode, the negative supply inputs of the control circuit voltage and control circuits of the control transistor, respectively, and through a constant resistor, the output of which is connected to the output of the control circuit of the control transistor, and variable the resistor - with the base of the control transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the positive supply input of the control circuit of the control transistor and to the positive supply input of the voltage control circuit, the first output of which is mechanically connected to the second NC contact, the second to the first and third NC contacts, and the third - with a switching bypass of the control circuit of the regulating transistor. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the control circuit of the regulating transistor containing the first and second transistors, the corresponding mm variable base circuit resistors and constant collector circuit resistors, a zener diode, a voltage divider of two resistances, a shunt resistance and a disconnect contacts, the base of the first transistor through the corresponding variable resistor in the base circuit is connected to the information input of the circuit, the collector of the first transistor through the corresponding constant resistor of the collector circuit with It is connected to the negative power input of the circuit, and through the variable resistor of the base circuit of the second transistor, to the base of this transistor, the collector of which is connected to the output of the circuit, and through the corresponding constant resistor of the collector circuit is connected to the negative power input of the circuit, and its emitter is connected to the positive power the input of the circuit and the cathode of the zener diode, the anode of which is connected through a divider of two resistances to the negative supply input of the circuit, and through the shunt resistance and the NC contacts, to the medium the first point of the voltage divider and emitter of the first transistor. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the voltage control circuit comprising two control channels, each of 4 10 fifteen 0 0 5 0  which includes the first and shorni trillion.chts parties, a tuning resistor, a gy-pvnp torah and a third resistors, stlShnshitron. a capacitor, a protective diode, controllers and second relays, closing the contacts of the first relay, the first output of the tuning resistor is connected to the first information input of the circuit via the first information input of the circuit, and its movable contact is connected to the cathode of the zener diode, the anode of which is connected through the second resistor to negative power input of the circuit and directly with the base of the first transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the positive power input of the circuit,. the collector through the third resistor is connected to the negative power input of the circuit and directly to the base of the second transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the positive power input of the circuit, the collector of which through the capacitor is connected to its base, and through the coil of the first relay in parallel with which a protective diode is connected, is connected to the negative the power input of the circuit and the second output of the coil of the second relay, the third output of which is connected through the make-up contacts of the first relay to the positive power input of the circuit, and it opens The contacts of the second relay of the first circuit terminal are the first contacts of the relay circuit - yes, the first NC contacts of the second relay of the second channel of the circuit are the first, and the second NC contacts of this relay are the third contacts of the circuit, respectively. t I AM g L Ј As 4 No. / ± fff