RU185644U1 - Damless hydroelectric power station - Google Patents

Abstract

Damless hydroelectric power station is designed to convert the energy of the river flow and can be installed on any rivers and hydraulic flows and operate year-round with the possibility of using high-pressure hydraulic turbines in low-pressure flows. This design allows you to quickly and reliably use the energy of the river flow with a changing channel and filling, as well as with the addition of shugo-ice masses, which is typical for Siberian and mountain rivers.

A significant problem for hydropower plants, regardless of what type of turbines are used in them, is the problem of maintaining the ecological state of the river itself. Dams on rivers violate the natural ecology of the river, the construction of dam hydroelectric power plants is associated with changes in environmental conditions, both in the river system itself and in the surrounding areas.

The objective of the invention (utility model) is to exclude the influence of hydropower plants and their construction on the ecology of the rivers and streams on which they are built, as well as to increase the efficiency of the hydraulic unit in a given range of rotor speed changes by changing the height of the turbine, to exclude stopping and braking of the hydraulic wheel due to accumulation of sludge-ice masses and use the optimization form of the bend of the rotating structure, taking into account the simulation of the flow with impurities of the sludge. Use is possible with quick installation and dismantling in a fairly short period of time, receiving energy from any hydraulic and even aerodynamic flows.

Description

Damless hydroelectric power station belongs to the field of alternative hydropower and can be used to generate electricity. Since the creation of traditional dam hydroelectric stations entails a number of unavoidable disturbances of the natural environment, such as the destruction of the banks, erosion of the river channel in the downstream, an increase in the level of groundwater, and the reconstruction of the fauna of the reservoir.

The invention relates to hydropower and power plants that do not interrupt the normal course of the river, support the natural ecology of the river, do not raise its level and are not afraid of ice conditions, working year-round effectively in summer and winter conditions. The power plant can be installed on any river and have sufficient electric power, because it contains elements that increase the efficiency of the hydraulic unit by changing the height of the hydraulic turbine in the presence of fluctuations in the water flow and has the most favorable geometry of flow around the stream, which eliminates the collection of sludge-ice masses in the blades of the hydraulic unit.

A well-known hydroelectric power station (Patent RU No. 2171910, IPC F03B, published on 08/10/2001, authors: Tolmachev V.N., Borovikov S.N., Savchuk A.D., Lesina L.L.) containing a structure installed in the channel, consisting of foundation plate, side walls and floors with a room for a gearbox with an electric generator above the installation site of the hydro-wheel, the structure in front of the water intake has an ice-cutting support and boom networks, and the side walls on the water inlet and its outlet sides have extensions that form, respectively, a confuser, working and diffuser channel.

Common signs are a structure installed in the riverbed, a hydro-wheel with blades that have an ice-cutting support against ice, and structures for passing ice drift past the hydroelectric power station, logs during rafting, etc.

The disadvantages of this design are the high material consumption and the cost of performing a two-story box of a hydropower building, the implementation of underwater work on the construction of the box requires the use of special devices, and the device of the ice-cutting support also increases material consumption and cost and leads to clogging of the grate and a drop in hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic wheel, which reduces the efficiency designs. The disadvantages also include the impossibility of regulating the power of the hydro-wheel depending on the incoming hydraulic flow.

Known river coastal hydroelectric power station (Patent RU No. 2020260, IPC F03B, published: 09/30/1994, author Kerov V.G.). Common signs are the presence of a casing and a blade turbine located on the casing located on the axis of the generator.

The disadvantages of this design include the fact that hydraulic disturbances of the water flow in the river after hydraulic wheels cause harmful environmental impacts and erosion of the river bed and the shore, as it is in close proximity to it, as well as the low efficiency of the hydro-wheel itself, which has high hydraulic resistance, since the blade of the hydro-wheel is a plane of a continuous rectangle perpendicular to the flow of water, not passing through it a stream of water; the impossibility of regulating the power of a hydroelectric power station from a changing hydraulic flow.

Known damless hydroelectric power station (Patent RU No. 170120, IPC Е02В, F03B, published: 04/14/2017, authors Zinoviev Vitaliy V., Nasyrov A.M., Bartenev O.A.).

Common signs are the presence of a turbine, an electric generator, an electric current-converting device, which has the disadvantage that water is supplied to the turbines through large-diameter pipes laid along the bottom of the river, which is unacceptable for small rivers, since all biological and inorganic contents of the river will fall into this the pipe.

The disadvantage is that there is no possibility of adjusting the power depending on changes in depth.

Known damless hydroelectric power station (Patent RU No. 2221932, IPC F03B, published: 01.20.2004, authors Artamonov A.S., Kolesnichenko A.V.), which is highlighted as the closest analogue (prototype) including an anchor device, a vertical shaft of turbines, and foundation with a vertical pointed rod buried in the bottom of the river, connected via a gearbox to an electric generator.

The disadvantages of this device are: insecurity of the diving wheel from objects floating in the water, which significantly reduces its reliability; the complexity of the design and the availability of prefabricated small parts, which also reduces the trouble-free operation and reliability of the structure; the location of the electric generator above the surface of the river makes it possible to destroy it with shugo-ice masses going along the Siberian rivers in the spring.

The technical result of the utility model is the use of hydraulic energy of rivers, regardless of their size to the entire depth year-round, with the achievement of good electrical capacities and the regulation of uneven flow, without the use of dams and reservoirs that violate the ecology of the river and preserve the natural landscape of the earth.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a damless hydroelectric power station containing installed hydro-blocks with vertical axis fixed on the river bottom with an anchor device made in the form of a foundation equipped with a vertical pointed rod, allowing to fix the vertical axis in the right place to the river bottom, directing the flow water device, electric generator, gearbox and a room for them, according to the utility model is equipped with a mounting mechanism, providing when changing the depth of the flow of the dora Ivanov top gidrokoles blocks made detachable, the perimeter of which are angled bent trough, wherein space for gearbox and electric generator configured underwater airtight and water flow guide device is a shielding plate; each trough is made in the form of a curved plate; each unit has a protective wheel guiding the flow of water to prevent large contaminants.

In addition, the distinguishing features are that along the perimeter of the wheels there are bent gutters with a vertical fixed rod and each gutter is made in the form of a curved plate with an optimal bending angle for flow movement with different sizes of suspended particles of ice-ice masses, gutters; each unit has a protective wheel guiding the hydraulic flow, to prevent large contaminants from entering the stream; with the possibility of installation in place of the hydraulic flow with a dynamic change in its power.

In FIG. 1 shows a section of a damless hydroelectric power station.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of a damless hydroelectric power station,

Where

1 - mounting mechanism for growing on top of a block of hydro-wheels when changing the depth of flow;

2 - foundation and fastening to the bottom of the reservoir;

3 - a room for the gearbox and electric generator with underwater sealed execution;

4 - the vertical axis of the block of hydro-wheel;

5 - a block of hydro-wheel;

6 - a rotating structure, along the perimeter of which bent gutters are made at an angle;

7 - a protective plate for protection against shugo-ice masses, mounted at an angle to the main direction of flow;

8 - anchor device.

Damless hydroelectric power station (Fig. 1, 2) contains a structure installed in the riverbed, fixed at the bottom of the river with an anchor device 8, with a water flow guide device - a protective plate 7, an electric generator, a gearbox, a room for a gearbox and an electric generator with underwater hermetic design 3, removable Hydrocarbon blocks 5 for power control depending on the depth of flow, foundation 2, equipped with a vertical pointed anchor device 8, which allows to fix the structure in the right place to the bottom of the river, excellent They have removable hydro-wheeled blocks with a vertical axis of the hydro-wheeled block 4, to which a rotating structure 6 is mounted that can be rotated around its mounting axis, along the perimeter of which bent grooves are made at an angle, the structure allows you to change the height of the hydraulic turbine by growing the hydro-wheeled block from above has a mounting mechanism 1 for each unit, when changing the depth during spring-summer floods, based on the power of the water flow, or to adjust the output power. This design allows you to quickly and reliably use the energy of the river flow with a changing channel and filling, which is typical for Siberian and mountain rivers.

Damless hydroelectric power station (Fig. 1, 2) generates energy using an anchor device 8 installed in the river channel at its bottom, with a water flow guide device — a protective plate for protection from ice-cold masses, installed at an angle to the main flow direction 7, s by means of which a water stream with impurities of sludge and ice of various sizes falls on a rotating structure 6, along the perimeter of which bent gutters are made at an angle, which allow increasing kinetic energy due to its shape modeled along p zmeru Shugo-ice masses in spring and summer. Rotating removable blocks of hydro-wheels 5, mounted one on the other along the vertical axis of the block of hydro-wheels 4, using the fastening mechanism to grow on top of the block of hydro-wheels 1 when the depth of the stream is changed, electricity is generated using an electric generator, gearbox, which are made with underwater hermetic execution 3; the foundation and fastening to the bottom of the reservoir 2, equipped with a vertical pointed anchor device 8, fixing the structure in the right place in the bottom of the river.

Along the perimeter of the wheels has bent gutters. Each trough is made in the form of a curved plate, so that the passing stream penetrates the structure at a right angle and then bends along the channel, rotating the wheel. Each trough is made in the form of a curved plate with an optimal bending angle for flow movement with different sizes of suspended particles of ice-ice masses, troughs are modeled in a special shape to obtain maximum efficiency when simulating flow movement with different sizes of suspended particles of ice-ice masses, which present in the spring-autumn stream of Siberian and northern rivers. This allows you to achieve maximum efficiency in the presence of ice and ice masses and minimize hydraulic losses.

Each unit has a protective wheel plate guiding the hydraulic flow to prevent large contaminants from entering the stream. The protective plate does not allow the ingress of ice and snow into the hydro-wheels, while directing them into the trenches of the curved plates.

With the possibility of mounting and dismounting in places of hydraulic flow with changing channel direction and depth.

The design allows the efficient use of the energy of the flow stream with a changing channel and filling, which is typical for Siberian and mountain rivers and streams. The use of the energy of a river flow of a similar design is suitable for seasonal use (children's camps, professional specialized residential centers in nature, for example, environmental, procurement, geological or other areas of temporary and permanent residence). This design with the possibility of mounting and dismounting, depending on the changing depth of the stream, allows you to receive energy from hydraulic flows with a changing channel and filling.

Claims (3)

1. A damless hydroelectric power station containing installed hydro-blocks with vertical axis fixed to the river bottom with an anchor device made in the form of a foundation equipped with a vertical pointed rod, which allows the vertical axis to be fixed in the right place to the river bottom, a device directing the flow of water, an electric generator , a gearbox and a room for them, characterized in that the hydroelectric power station is equipped with a fastening mechanism, which, when the depth of the stream changes, grows on top of the gy rokoles made removable, the perimeter of which are angled bent trough, wherein space for gearbox and electric generator configured underwater airtight and water flow guide device is a protective plate. 2. Damless hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that each trough is made in the form of a curved plate. 3. Damless hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that each unit of hydro-wheels has a protective plate directing the flow of water to prevent the ingress of large contaminants.

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