RU1774273C - Electronic cursor shaper for taking coordinates off raster-sweep crt screen - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to automation, computing and measuring equipment and can be used in peripheral devices of information and computing systems and measuring devices. The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device and increase its resolution when performing samples from graphs of functions having a multi-order range of variation of values. Blocks are introduced into the device that perform backscaling of linearly varying scanning raster signals. 10 ill.

Description

The invention relates to automation, computing and measuring equipment and can be used in peripheral devices of information and computing systems and measuring devices.

A device is known for displaying digital code values on a scale displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT) screen along a full circle arc. Indication of the code values in this device is carried out by the sighting device in the form of a segment of the radial straight line displayed on the CRT screen.

However, this device (analog) has a number of disadvantages, the main of which are:

on the CRT screen, only one viewfinder is formed in the form of a radial line segment, indicating the reference value of only one coordinate, while most often one has to deal with two-dimensional coordinates and functions;

the coordinate value indicated by the target is measured on a linear scale, which reduces the resolution of the readings of quantities varying within a few orders, even by a 3.14-fold increase in the length of the readout axis.

Closest to the claimed is a device for forming an electronic decimal scale and a viewfinder for removal

data from the screen of a CRT raster containing a timing generator, an urgent frequency pulse input fc, a multiple line frequency pulse input fcn, a strobe pulse input of a scale width, a frame frequency pulse input fk, a beginning of the scale, a shaper of the end of the scale, a shaper of the sight, the first and the second additional AND-NOT match schemes, two frequency dividers, a unit shift register, five AND-NOT schemes, an OR-NOT scheme (prototype).

The device operates as follows.

The pulses from the output of the master frequency generator f0 go simultaneously to the output for the subsequent receipt of pulses of the horizontal frequency fc and pulses of the frame frequency fk and to the input of the first additional matching circuit AND NOT, to the other two inputs of which are pulses from the formers of the beginning and end of the scale, triggered by pulse line frequency input fc. The fourth input of the first matching circuit AND is NOT supplied with strobe pulses of a scale width following with a frequency fk. From the output of the first AND-NOT match circuit, a reference frequency pack is supplied to the first frequency divider with a division factor of 5 and then to the second frequency divider with a division coefficient of 2, Pulses f0 folS, f0: 10 are applied to the corresponding inputs of the five AND-NOT circuits providing selection of the required pulses in rows. One pair of AND-NOT circuits emits only the tenth pulses, a second pair of AND-NOT circuits selects only the fifth pulses and the fifth AND-NOT circuit produces pulses of the reference frequency f0. Pulses f0 are gating for the above five AND-NOT circuits.

The remaining inputs of these five AND-NOT circuits receive pulses from the corresponding outputs of the unit shift register, which is triggered by pulses from the second additional AND-NOT match circuit. The initial setting of the unit shift register triggers and two frequency dividers is performed by the frame synchronization pulses fk. Pulses fc: n, where n takes integer values from 1 to 5, strobe pulses of the width of the scale, and pulses of frame synchronization, are received at the input of the second additional matching circuit. The choice of the number n determines the distance between adjacent lines on the scale of the sight. The pulses from the outputs of the five AND-NOT circuits are combined by the OR-NOT circuit into scale mark pulses. At the same time, short pulses of the target marks are received at the other input of the circuit OR, the time delay of which relative to the beginning of the scale is set by a single-shot with an adjustable pulse duration of the sight shaper. Pulses of marks of the electronic scale and the sight from the exit

circuits OR NOT come to the display. At the same time, the output pulses of the start of the scale are fed to the start of the sawtooth voltage generator of time - the pulse converter,

providing the analogue equivalent of the measured parameter.

Taking into account the above description of the operation of the prototype device and its circuit, it can be considered that it contains a synchronization unit together with a master pulse generator, a vertical sight forming unit, a horizontal sight forming unit (decimal scale forming elements), and an OR circuit.

The considered device (prototype) is characterized by the following disadvantages.

The sighting and scale generated by the device assume a linear decimal reading of the values displayed on the CRT screen. At the same time, the resolution of samples of quantities that change their values within a few (5-7) orders of magnitude is significantly reduced.

The sighting device formed in the device and

the scale does not allow the reading of the scaled values of the curves displayed on the CRT screen.

The sighting and scale generated in the device do not provide the necessary resolving power of the coordinate coordinates of the graphs of the reliability functions, ranging from 0 to 1, converging asymptotically to either 1 or 0. In practice, the values of such

functions and their argument in the range of values, for example, from 0.9 to 0.999999.

The considered device, the countdown of such values of functions does not provide.

The noted drawbacks indicate the limited functional capabilities of the described device (it is not possible to count values of functions that vary within several orders of magnitude) and indicate the inappropriateness of using the scale as such.

These shortcomings can be confirmed by simple calculations.

We assume that to create images using a raster scan, a CRT with a screen diameter of D 420 mm is used, then the length of the 1st row of the raster having an aspect ratio of 3: 4 is determined by the ratio

I 0.8 O 0.8 x 420 336 mm.

The thickness of the CRT beam trace normally perceived by the human eye can be considered equal to d 0.6 - 1 mm.

Taking the thickness of the risks of the reference scale equal to 1 mm and the distance between the risks of the scale equal to 1 mm, it can be argued that 168 patterns of the scale and 168 gaps between them will be placed on the scan line of length I 336 mm.

The considered case of scale formation is a variant that is quite close to the maximum permissible for visual recognition of scale divisions. The scale thus constructed allows 168 precise readings to be made over the entire length of the sweep. In other words, the constructed scale makes it possible to take samples of values that vary within two orders. The values of the function, varying within 3-7 orders of magnitude of the constructed scale, cannot be measured if the function is considered in the entire range of interest to us within the specified scan length.

The output can be found either by increasing the scan length, or by scaling the graphs displayed on the screen.

The increase in the scan length (graph axes) is limited by the size of the CRT screens and the visibility of the graphs.

A more feasible way of addressing these drawbacks is to use the well-known methods for non-linear scaling of function graphs. However, in this case, it is necessary to have a device providing the creation on the screen of a CRT with a raster scan of the sights, for counting each of the two coordinates, taking into account the nonlinear scaling of the coordinates and allowing to indicate the results of the readings with the necessary accuracy.

The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the known device and increase the resolution when reporting.

The goal is achieved in that in a known device comprising a synchronization unit, a vertical sighting unit, a horizontal sighting unit and an OR circuit, two blocks for selecting the coordinates of the sighting, two blocks for reverse scaling and a preparation for displaying the coordinates of the sighters are introduced, the first and the second group of outputs of the synchronization block are connected to the first groups of inputs of the blocks for forming vertical and horizontal sights, respectively,

the third and fourth groups of outputs of the synchronization block are connected to the first groups of inputs of the first and second blocks of selecting the coordinates of the sight, respectively, the fifth group of outputs of the synchronization block is connected to the group input of the block for preparing the coordinates of the sights, single inputs of the vertical forming unit, the horizontal forming unit the first and second blocks of the reverse scaling are the first to sixth inputs of the device, respectively, the first outputs of the blocks vertical The first and second entrances of the horizontal and horizontal sights are connected to the first and second inputs of the OR circuit, the third input of which is connected to the output of the preparation unit for displaying the coordinates of the sights, the second outputs of the vertical and horizontal sights forming units are connected to the single inputs of the first and second blocks of selecting the coordinates of the sights, respectively, the third output of the block the formation of the vertical sight is connected to the second single input of the block forming the horizontal sight, the group output of the first and second blocks selection coordinate atm reticle are respectively connected to input of the first group and the second inverse scaling unit, the outputs of which are connected to first and second inputs of the single training block for coordinate mapping reticles, the output of OR gate is the output device.

In addition, each of the two reverse scale units comprises a first inverter, a first switch, a first arbitrary power unit, a second inverter, a second arbitrary power unit, a second switch and an analog switch, the input of the first inverter being the first the input of the reverse scaling unit, the second input of the first switch is connected to the input of the first inverter, and the third input of the first switch is one of the six inputs of the device, the second and three Tille second switch inputs connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second inverters, the fourth input of the second switch is one of six input device, the analog switch control input is the second input of the inverse scaling unit, and the analog switch output is the output of the inverse scaling unit.

The main distinguishing features of the claimed device are the presence of two blocks for back-scaling the coordinates of the sights, two blocks for extracting the coordinates of the sights, and a change in the links.

The author knows the widely used scaling functions that use the logarithm property, which allow one to switch from multi-order values of a function to single-order ones.

A feature of displaying scaled functions on a raster scan of a CRT is the preservation of the linearity of the scanning signals, i.e. a function describing the movement of a CRT beam across the screen in horizontal and vertical directions. This feature makes it necessary to consider the linearly varying values of the scanning signals as scaled values, and to calculate the real values of the argument and function, perform the reverse scaling of the linearly varying scanning signals.

When forming vertical and horizontal scans on the CRT screen, which are used to take a reading of the values of the scaled functions and the argument, it is also necessary to carry out the reverse scaling along the corresponding coordinates.

The essence of reverse scaling is illustrated by the following example.

Example 1. Consider the value of X. changing its values from 10 to 106. The values of X and their logarithms are presented in table. 1.

Table 1

We assume that the scanning signal U on the CRT screen is a scaled value of the quantity X, i.e. U IgX. Then, as can be seen from the table. 1., along the entire length of the sweep, you must have six identical intervals.

It has been shown that the sweep length can be assumed to be 336 mm. We believe that the real sweep length is 300 mm. Then each of the six sections of the scale on the scan takes a segment equal to 50 mm. Within such a segment, the value of each order of magnitude of X changes.

0

5

If, now, to take samples of the value of X, we use the sighting device formed on the CRT screen, then the values of the scanning signal corresponding to the position of the sighting device are proportional to U IgX, as was mentioned above. Therefore, in order to obtain the actual value of the X value from the scatter signal, a backscaling operation is necessary.

In the case under consideration, the backscaling operation is described by the relation

. (1)

Referring to the data table. 1, bearing in mind that U IgX, it is easy to verify that relation (1) does establish a one-to-one correspondence between the value of the scattering signal (scaled value of X) and the actual value of the value of X.

From a technical point of view, the operation of (1) reverse scaling means the use of a unit for raising to an arbitrary degree of the base, whose value is equal to ten,

Example 1 illustrates the use of the backscaling operation in the well-known case.

0 EXAMPLE 2. A more complicated case is the organization of taking samples from CRTs displayed on the screen with a raster scan of reliability graphs, the features of which are described above,

5 The indicated difficulty lies in the fact that the values of the reliability function Y are in the range of 0.9-0.999999. after performing logarithm (scaling) operations on them again have a multi-order value, which is confirmed by the data in Table. 2.

Indeed, the Y IgY values in each row of the table. 2 change their values by one order of magnitude. This is evidence

5, on a linearly varying sweep signal, Y IgY values are compressed in the Y range of 0.00000434338.

fifty

table 2

In order to move to single-order scaled values of the function Y, it is advisable to perform the scaling operation in accordance with the relation

Y I lg (I lg (Y) I), (2)

where Y is the actual value of the function;

 scaled function value;

I a I - the module of the number a.

The fact that relation (2) allows us to go from multi-order real values of the function Y to single-order scaled values of the same function is confirmed by the data in Table. 3.

T b l c a 3

The data table. 3 show that it is advisable to use (2) and a ramp signal to scale the reliability functions.

Bearing in mind the previously accepted concept that the ramp signal is a scaled value of the function displayed on the CRT screen, it is necessary to determine the ratio that allows for reverse scaling.

Taking into account example 1, as well as the content of relation (2) and the properties of the logarithmic function, it can be argued that in the case of scaling by relation (2), the ratio for the inverse scaling has the form

Y 10 - (, (3)

where (.) is the expression in parentheses and Y are exponents;

Y is the scaled value of the function in accordance with relation (2);

Y is the actual value of the function that is currently marked by the sighting device.

The fact that linearly changing single-order values of the scattering signal, taken as the scaled values of the function Y, correspond to the actual values of Y of this function, is confirmed by the data in Table. 4.

Table 4

From a technical point of view, the relation (3} indicates the need to use when scaling back two blocks of raising to an arbitrary degree, the base of which is 10, and two inverters.

Example 2 shows a backscaling option when displaying on a CRT screen with a raster scan the graphs of the reliability function.

The backscaling block of Example 2 is a more general case

of this block, because when transmitting a deployment signal, bypassing the first inverter, directly to the input of the first arbitrary power unit and connecting the output of the backscaling unit to the output of the first power unit, it provides backscaling according to relation (1).

The last effect is achieved by

introducing two switches into the back-scaling unit.

Thus, the backscaling unit of the claimed device implements relation (3), allowing

eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The applicant has not found technical solutions having similar features with features distinguishing the claimed device from the prototype. Hence

the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of novelty and significant differences.

In FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a device; in FIG. 2 - node horizontal synchronization block synchronization; in FIG. 3 - node frame synchronization block synchronization; in FIG. 4 - vertical sight forming unit; in FIG. 5 is a block for forming a horizontal sight; in FIG.

6 is a block for selecting the coordinates of a vertical sight; in FIG. 7 is a block for selecting the X coordinate of the horizontal sight; in FIG. 8 is a block for reverse scaling the Y coordinate of the vertical sight; in FIG. 9 - block scaling

X coordinates of the horizontal viewfinder; on Fig, 10 - block preparation for the display of the coordinates of the sights.

The device shown in FIG. 1 contains a synchronization unit 1, a vertical sighting unit 2, a horizontal sighting unit 3, a first 4 and a second 5 blocks for selecting the coordinates of the sights, the first 6 and second 7 blocks for backscaling, a unit 8 for preparing to display the coordinates of the sights, the OR circuit 9. It also shows six inputs 10-15 of the device and its output 16,

The device operates as follows.

By means of inputs 12, 13 and 14.15, the necessary reverse scaling mode is established for each of the coordinates corresponding to the selected scale. Using inputs 10 and 11, the position of the sights is changed, respectively, vertical (along the Y axis) and horizontal (along the X axis). Block 1 synchronization generates signals, ordering in time the work of all other blocks of the device, as well as sweep signals in rows (Y coordinate) and frames (X coordinate).

The voltage levels set by inputs 10 and 11 in blocks 2 and 3 of forming the sights are converted into a sequence of backlight pulses from outputs 17 (vertical sights) and 18 (horizontal sights) to the corresponding inputs of the OR 9 circuit, the output of which 16 is fed to the module CRT torus.

A pulse is generated at outputs 19 and 20 of blocks 2 and 3, the temporary position of which corresponds to the coordinate of the sight set by the user using input 10 or 11. Using this pulse, the analog scaled coordinate value of the corresponding sight is extracted in blocks 4 and 5. In blocks 6 and 7, the selected analog scaled value of the coordinate of the sight is scaled back, which is fed to the corresponding input of block 8 of the preparation for displaying the coordinates of the sight.

In block 8, the actual values of the coordinates of the sights, presented in analog form, are alternately converted into a sequence of backlight pulses supplied to the CRT modulator and providing the formation of a set of digits on the character line of the screen characterizing the actual value of the coordinates of both ozir in digital form. Code Values

coordinates displayed in digital form are updated at a frame rate in accordance with the change in position of the sights within the sweep. Since the process

change of sweep frames proceeds much faster than manually changing the position of the sights, the effect of instant response of the digitally displayed coordinates to the change is ensured

0 position of the sights.

Thus, the device provides the formation and movement (at the request of the user) of two mutually perpendicular sights, and digital display of the actual coordinates of the sights, provided that the linearly varying scanning signal is scaled.

The blocks shown in FIG. 1 may

0 to be implemented in various ways.

In FIG. 2-10 presents one of the options for implementing the blocks of the device. Synchronization block 1 has two components that ensure, respectively, the synchronization of processes within the line (the line synchronization node) and the synchronization of processes within the frame (the frame synchronization node).

0 in FIG. 2 shows a horizontal synchronization assembly comprising a clock generator 21, a first binary counter 22, a first binary decoder 23, a linear generator 24

5 variable voltages (LIN), first 25, second 26 and third 27 triggers.

The counter 22 counts the synchronizing pulses arriving at its counter input from the generator 21. The binary code taken from the bits of the counter 2 is fed to the input of the decoder 23, from the outputs of which the signals corresponding in time to the passage of the CRT beam through a particular line element are taken.

5 Counter overflow pulse 22 s

output 28, the LIN generator 24 is started, and the first 25 trigger is also set to a single state. The LIN generator 24 is reset and the first trigger 25 is reset to zero by the signal taken from the output 29 of the decoder 23, corresponding to the moment the CRT beam passes through the last element of the line. Thus, on bus 30 from the first

5 of trigger 25, a single level is removed within the duration of one line of the raster.

A signal is sent to the bus 31 from the output of the decoder 23, in time immediately following the signal from the output 29.

The bus signal 31 is used to count the number of lines in the frame synchronization unit (Fig. 3).

The readout points of the scaled coordinates of the sights are assigned to certain points in time within the line: the readout gate of the X coordinate is removed from the single output 32 of the second trigger 26, and the readout of the Y coordinate is removed from the single output 33 of the third trigger 27. Control the output levels of the triggers 26 and 27 is carried out by signals from the output of the decoder 23.

The groups 34 and 35 of the outputs of the decoder 23 carry the operation control signals of the unit 8 for preparing to display the coordinates of the sight.

A linearly varying voltage corresponding to the scaled value of the Y coordinate is taken from the output 36 of the generator 24 LIN.

In FIG. 3 shows a frame synchronization unit comprising a second binary counter 37, a second binary code decoder 38, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 39, and a fourth trigger 40.

The counting input of the counter 37 receives signals from the bus 31 of the horizontal synchronization block (Fig. 2), which are generated at the moment of completion of the next line of the raster.

The binary codes recorded in the bits of the second counter 37 during pulse counting are supplied to the inputs of the DAC 39 and the second binary code decoder 38.

From the output of the DAC 39, a linearly (stepwise) raster scan coordinate X signal is supplied to the bus 41.

The overflow signal of the counter 37 sets the fourth trigger 40 to one state, and the signal taken from the output 42 of the decoder 38 sets the trigger 40 to the zero state. The signal from the output 42 corresponds to the last line of the raster, within which the function graphs are displayed {for example , the line on which the horizontal axis of the coordinate system is depicted). Thus, on the bus 43 from the output of the trigger 40, the signal SIZE VERTICAL FIELD FIELD is sent, the duration of which corresponds to the size indicated in the title.

A signal arriving on the bus 44 from the output of the decoder 38 coincides in time with a line located on the CRT screen below the floor of the graphs and determining the moment on which the numbers on the CRT screen are formed characterizing the coordinate values of both sights,

The vertical viewer forming unit 2 is shown in FIG. 4. It contains a first comparison circuit 45, a first level sensor 46, a first circuit AND 47, a first 48 and

second 49 pulse shapers.

The level sensor 46 at input 10 is controlled by the user as the vertical viewfinder moves across the CRT screen. The level generated by the sensor 46 is supplied to

0, the first input of the comparison circuit 45, and its second input via bus 36 receives a ramp signal Y from LIN 24 (see Fig. 2). At the moment of coincidence of the signal values at the input of the comparison circuit 45 at its output

5, a signal is supplied to the input of the first pulse generator 48 and the first input of AND circuit 47.

The output pulse (bus 19) of the driver 48 coincides in time with the moment characterizing the position of the vertical sight on the scan line. It is a strobe of writing to the memory of the scaled value of the Y coordinate of the sighting device.

5 At the second input of the circuit And 47 goes to

bus 43 signal SIZE OF THE FIELD OF CHARACTERS, and to its third input - signal LINE LINE on bus 30. Thus, at the output of circuit I 47 on each line located within the field of line graphs, at the moment of coincidence of levels at the inputs of comparison circuit 45 they produce signals allowing the formation of a vertical sight on the CRT screen using a second pulse generator 49 pulses.

The device assumes that the horizontal sight in the form of a short horizontal line should move along the vertical sight. Therefore, on the bus 50

0, from the output of circuit AND 47, a gating signal is supplied to the horizontal sighting unit (Fig. 5).

The horizontal viewer forming unit 3 is shown in FIG. 5. It contains

5, a second comparison circuit 51, a second level sensor 52, a second AND circuit 53, a third 54 and a fourth 55 pulse shapers.

The structure and operating order of unit 3 are similar to the structure and order

0 operation of block 2. The difference is that block 3 forms a horizontal sight and controls its position on the CRT screen.

The position of the horizontal viewfinder is controlled by input 11, a write gate to the memory of the scaled coordinate value X of the viewer is issued to bus 20, and a pulse is generated from the output of the fourth driver 55 to bus 18, which is generated within only one line

(signal of the comparison circuit 51), at the time of displaying the vertical sight (signal on the bus 50) with the duration determined by the parameters of the driver 55 and corresponds to the required length of the horizontal sight.

The signal of the bus 20 is fed to the block 5 allocation of the X coordinate of the sight, and the bus 18 to the circuit OR 9 and then to the modulator

crt.

The vertical coordinate unit 4 is shown in FIG. 6. It contains a first memory circuit 56, a first key 57, and a third AND circuit 58.

At the input of the memory circuit 56, a linearly varying signal of the scaled coordinate Y of the vertical sight is received via bus 36. At the control input of the memory circuit 56, a write gate of the Y coordinate of the sight is received via bus 19. The memory circuit stores the value of the Y coordinate of the vertical sight.

The moment of reading from the memory circuit 56 of the scaled Y coordinate is determined by the coincidence of the signals coming through the buses 44 (see Fig. 3) and 33 (see Fig. 2) to the inputs of the third circuit And 58. The signal read the coordinates of the Y sight from the output of the circuit I58 enters the control input of the first key 57 and the output bus 59.

The value of the scaled coordinate Y of the sight from the output of the memory circuit 56 is fed to the information input of the key 57 and, at the moment of the receipt of the read signal, is transmitted further to the bus 60.

Thus, in block 4, at the moment of the appearance on the bus 59 of the readout of the Y coordinate of the sight on the bus 60, a scaled value of the Y coordinate of the vertical sight is output.

The X-coordinate extraction unit 5 of the horizontal sight is shown in FIG. 7. It contains a second memory circuit 61. a second analog switch 62, a fourth AND circuit 63.

The structure and operating order of unit 5 are similar to the structure and operating order of unit 4. The difference is that the analog value of the scaled coordinate X of the sight (via bus 41) is written to the memory circuit 61 at the moment determined by the strobe of the location of the coordinate X of the sight. arriving on the bus 20.

The moment of reading the X coordinate of the sighting device is determined by the coincidence of the signals coming through the buses 32 (see Fig. 2) and 44 (see, Fig. 3).

Thus, in block 5, at the moment of the appearance on the bus 64 of the read signal, the coordinate X of the sight on the bus 65 is issued

Scaled X coordinate of the horizontal viewfinder.

The reverse scaling unit 6 of the vertical coordinate of the Y coordinate is shown in FIG. 8. It contains the first 66 and second 68 inverters, the first 57 and second 69 arbitrary power blocks, the first 70 and second 72 switches, the third analog switch 71. On the input bus 60

Block 0 receives the scaled value of the Y coordinate of the sight. On bus 59, the control input of the third 71 analog key receives a signal to read the coordinates of the Y of the sighting device, along which the output of the key

5 71 on the bus 73 receives the actual value of the Y coordinate of the sight.

In block 6, the reverse scaling operation is performed in accordance with relation (3).

0 Second switch 72 is controlled

at the input 13 and serves to connect the input of the first block 67 of raising to an arbitrary degree either with the output or with the input of the first inverter 66,

5 Switches 70 and 72 are entered for the purpose of

preserving the functions inherent in known devices and providing new functional capabilities. In particular, when connecting the output of switch 70 to

On the bus 75, a scaled transmission of the coordinates of the sight is provided. When connecting the output of switch 72 to bus 74, and the output of switch 70 to bus 76, the usual logarithmic scaling is described as described in Example 1. When connecting the output of switch 72 to the output of the first 66 inverter and the output of switch 70 to the output of the second 69 block of arbitrary construction the stump provides scaling of the coordinates of the sight, corresponding to the reference coordinates of the reliability functions described in example 2,

Block 7 reverse scaling

5, the X coordinates of the sight are shown in FIG. 9.

It contains the third 77 and the fourth 80 inverters, the third 79 and the fourth 81 blocks of raising to an arbitrary degree, the third

0 82 and fourth 78 switches and fourth analog switch 83.

The structure and operation order of block 7 are similar to the structure and operation order of block 6. The difference is that the scaled coordinate X of the sight is supplied to the bus 65, and the readout of the sight coordinate X of the sight is transmitted to the bus 64. The inputs 14 and 15, being the inputs of the device, control the backscaling mode. Exit 84

the actual (unscaled) value of the X coordinate of the sight is taken.

A unit 8 for preparing to display the coordinates of the sights is shown in FIG. 10. It contains a third 85 and a fourth 92 OR circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 86, an encoder 87 that converts binary codes to decimal, the first 88 and second 90 registers, n - decimal digits, the first 89 and second 91 blocks containing n notebooks, circuits AND, character generator 93, shift register 94, output 95.

Block 8 works as follows. At inputs 73 and 84, separately in time, through the OR 85 circuit, analog real values of the X and Y coordinates of the sights are received at the ADC input 86. The ADC 86 converts the analog values of the coordinates of the sights into binary codes, which in the encoder 87 are converted to decimal and stored on the corresponding first 88 and second

90 registers.

Registers 88 and 90 have the same structure and contain n (by the number of bits of a decimal number) tetrads of binary bits. Each tetrad stores the decimal digit code. The information output of each bit of the tetrad is associated with the information input of one AND 89 ij circuit, where i is the number of the tetrad with values from 1 to n, j is the number of the bit in the tetrad with values from 1 to 4.

In FIG. 10 schemes And 89 And 91 are presented in the form of blocks of notebooks. To the control input of each individual AND 89IJ or AND circuit

91Ij, belonging to one notebook, receives its own clock signal via bus 34 or 35, determining the moment of reading the corresponding decimal digit in character generator 93 through the OR circuit 92. Thus, at the output of the OR circuit 92 alternately in time (in accordance with the signals on the buses 34 and 35) four-digit binary codes of decimal digits appear, first the X coordinates of the sight, and then the Y coordinates of the sight, taken from the corresponding register 88 or 90.

The character generator 93 and the shift register 94 convert the binary decimal digit codes into a sequence of backlight pulses supplied to the CRT modulator and ensure that n-bit decimal digits characterizing the X and Y coordinates of the sighters are formed on the CRT screen.

The character generator 93 may be constructed in various ways.

The ability to implement and use trivial logic elements and elements is provided by GOST.

References are given below to embodiments of non-trivial elements used in the circuits of FIG. 2-10.

The clock generator 21 (Fig. 2) can be performed, for example, on the chip 580GF24.

Sawtooth Generator (SPS) 24 in FIG. 2 can be performed as shown in fig. 4.14 in 5 and

described on pp. 144-146.

The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 39 (Fig. 3) can be performed, for example, on an IC type K1108PA1, which has a two-digit input and a conversion time of 0.4 μs (see 5 on p. 68, 69 Fig. 1.45 and Table 1.7 )

Level sensors 46 (Fig. 4) and 52 (Fig. 5) can be made, for example, in the form of an amplifier-limiter with a variable

restriction level, as shown in 5 in Fig. 5.226 and described on p. 179-181.

Comparison schemes 45 (Fig. 4) and 51 (Fig. 5) can be implemented, for example, on a SAZ comparator 521, the switching circuit of which is shown in 5 in Fig. 5.3 and is described on p. 151-155.

The pulse shapers 48, 49 (Fig. 4), 54, 55 (Fig. 5) are performed on single-oscillators, for example, on an operational amplifier, as shown in 5 in Fig. 4.15 and described on p. 147. Memory circuits 56 (Fig. 6) and 61 (Fig. 7) can be implemented, for example, on storage retrieval devices, as shown in 5 in Fig. 5.9 and described on p.

165, 166.

Analog keys 57 (Fig. 6), 62 (fmg. 7), 71 (Fig. 8), 83 (Fig. 9) can be performed, for example, according to the schemes presented in 5 in Fig. 5.19, 5.20, 5.21 and described on p.

176-178.

Inverters 66, 68 (Fig. 8), 77, 80 (Fig. 9) implement the operation of multiplying by one with a minus sign, i.e. invert analog signal. In case of signal inversion, a conventional operational amplifier can be used as an inverter, shown in 5 in Fig. 2.23. In the case of implementing this block in the form of a multiplication circuit by - 1, you can use the 525PS1 multiplier, the switching circuit of which is shown in 5 in Fig. 2.25.

Blocks of raising to an arbitrary degree 67, 69 (Fig. 8), 79, 81 (Fig. 9) can be performed, for example, according to the scheme shown in 5 in Fig. 2.37 and described on p. 110-112. When performing the operation of raising to an arbitrary power in the indicated blocks, the base is taken

number 10, and the degree value comes from the output of the corresponding inverter.

An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 86 (Fig. 10) can be implemented in accordance with the principles used in the 572PV1 microcircuit, which is shown in 6 in Fig. 3.1, and schemes for its inclusion in Fig. 3.5, 3.6.

The encoder 87 (Fig. 10), which converts binary coordinate codes to decimal, can be constructed, for example, as shown in 4 in Fig. 2.16 and described on p. 236, 237.

An embodiment of character generator 93 has been described with reference to the circuit of FIG. 10.

The advantages of the claimed device in comparison with the prototype are:

the ability to perform readouts in both linear and non-linear (scaled) coordinate systems;

the ability to include samples from graphical images of a family of reliability functions that are distinguishable from each other in the range of argument values, and functions that change by 5-7 or more orders without increasing the size of the half-raster on which the graphs are built.

The indicated properties of the inventive device are achieved by introducing two blocks for extracting the coordinates of the sights, as well as the first and second blocks of reverse scaling, which provide the translation of single-order (scaled) values of linearly varying deflected raster scan signals into multi-sequence (differing by several orders) the actual values associated with these deviating signals, while the backscaling operation is carried out in accordance with relation (3).

The data table. 3 indicate that linearly varying values of the deflection signal in the range from 1.399 to 6.362 can be unambiguously correlated with the values of the reliability function, varying in the range of 0.9 - 0.999999 by performing the backscaling operation in accordance with relation (3).

The distinguishability of the family of reliability functions (an increase in the resolution at readout) can be shown as follows.

As previously, we assume that the real sweep length is 300 mm. Then, taking into account the previously made assumptions, one can distinguish 300 positions of the sight on it (assuming the thickness of the sight is 1 mm).

When performing linear scale readings for multi-order values ranging from 0.9 to 0.999999, at least 105 positions of the sight must be distinguished.

Since the scale provides only 300 different samples and is linear, the values in the range 0.9-0.999 are different, and the values 0.9999 and subsequent on the linear scale will merge into one point. This indicates that, on the linear scale, in this case, samples for values lying in the range 0.9999 and beyond cannot be performed due to the indistinguishability of these values.

The reverse scaling of a linearly varying sweep (scale) allows (see Tables 3 and 4) for each order of the actual values of the function Y to correspond to the same size segment on the linear scale (since the ranges of the values of Y are from 0.999 to 0.9999, from 0.9999 to 0.99999, etc. corresponds to a change in the scaled values of Y on a linear scale within one unit).

Thus, on a scale of 300 mm in length, for values varying within six orders, 50 mm segments can be distinguished.

Values within one order are displayed on each line, and 50 different positions of the sighting device with a thickness of 1 mm can be distinguished on this line. It follows that in the ranges of Y values from 0.999 to 0.9999, from 0.9999 to 0.99999, from 0.99999 to 0.999999 on a scaled scale, it will be possible to distinguish between 50 different positions of the sight.

The circumstances and figures set forth above indicate that the use of reverse scaling units allows one to increase the resolving power when counting the disaggregated values of the coordinates of the sights on the CRT raster scan and to make the resolving power of the samples the same within each order.

Claims (2)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. An electronic visor forming apparatus for acquiring coordinates from a screen of a raster scan cathode ray tube, comprising a synchronization unit, a vertical visor forming unit, a horizontal visor forming unit and an OR circuit, characterized in that, in order to expand its functionality and increase resolution when counting coordinates for due to the reverse scaling of linearly changing coordinates of the sights, two blocks for highlighting the coordinates of the sights, two blocks for reverse scaling, and a block for preparing to display the coordinates of the sights are introduced into it, the first and second groups of outputs of the synchronization block connected to the first groups of inputs of the blocks for forming vertical and horizontal sights, respectively , the third and fourth groups of outputs of the synchronization block are connected to the first groups of inputs of the first and second blocks of the selection of the coordinates of the sight, respectively In fact, the fifth group of outputs of the synchronization unit is connected to the group input of the preparation unit for displaying the coordinates of the sights, the single inputs of the vertical forming unit, the horizontal forming unit, the first and second reverse scaling units are from the first to sixth inputs of the device, respectively , the first outputs of the vertical and horizontal sights forming units are connected to the first and second inputs of the OR circuit, the third input of which is connected to the output of the preparation unit for display coordinate coordinates of the sights, the second inputs of the vertical and horizontal sights forming blocks are connected to the single inputs of the first and second blocks of the sights coordinates allocation, respectively, the third output of the vertical sights forming blocks is connected to the second single input of the forming blocks horizontal sights, the group output of the first and second blocks for selecting the coordinates of the sights are connected respectively to the group input of the first and second blocks of reverse scaling, the outputs of which are connected to the first and second single inputs of the unit for preparing the coordinates of the sights, the output of the OR circuit is the output of the device. 2. The device pop. 1, characterized in that each of the two reverse scaling units comprises a first inverter, a first switch, a first arbitrary power unit, a second inverter, a second arbitrary power unit, a second switch and an analog switch, the input of the first inverter is the first input of the reverse biasing unit, the second input of the first switch is connected to the input of the first inverter, and the third input of the first switch is one of the six inputs of the device. the second and third inputs of the second switch are connected respectively to the input of the first and second inverters, the fourth input of the second switch is one of the six inputs of the device, the control input of the analog key is the second input of the back scale unit, and the output of the analog key is the output of the back scale unit . epi / g, J Q ° v / r, Ј Cpc / n .f / 9 36 4V 33 FIG. g cpifr. 7 F "/, & sf Pt //. 9 S S w SRs / G. JO.