RU153422U1 - DEVICE FOR AN ATOMIC REACTOR FOR DIRECT CONVERSION OF RADIATION ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for a direct conversion of radiation energy into electrical energy from an atomic reactor contains a radioactive element located on the outside of an induction coil, characterized in that the reactor is made of steel plates tightly adjacent to each other, on which there are primary and secondary winding conductors, with radioactive elements located inside the reactor, on which induction coils are strung, plates "anode" and "cathode" are located at the ends of the radioactive elements, attached to the reactor through insulators torus with external current collectors.

Description

The utility model relates to nuclear energy and can be used to obtain electrical energy from electromagnetic radiation of radioactive elements.

A device for generating electricity from intra-atomic due to radioactive alpha or beta decay RU 2113739 IPC G21H 1/00, G21H 1/02, consisting of two closed metal shells (emitter and collector). A thin layer of radioactive metal is deposited on the emitter. Between the emitter and the collector in a vacuum is a metal mesh. The grid is connected to the high-voltage winding of the step-up transformer, powered by an industrial power supply network, and the emitter and collector are connected to the primary winding of the second step-down transformer, the secondary winding of which is connected to consumers of electricity. Radioactive alpha or beta particles fly out from the surface of the emitter and fly to the collector, and a high-voltage direct current arises between the emitter and the collector, which converts the alternating voltage on the grid through a transformer into alternating current of industrial voltage and frequency. This current is sent to autonomous consumers of electricity or to the general electric network.

A device for converting energy WO 2012044879 IPC G21H 1/00; G21H 1/12, the energy conversion device comprises a nuclear battery, a light source connected to the nuclear battery and configured to receive electrical energy from the atomic battery and emit electromagnetic energy, and a photocell configured to receive radiated electromagnetic energy and the conversion received electromagnetic energy in electrical energy.

Also known patent RU 2145129 IPC G21H 1/00, the invention: in the center of a sealed evacuated casing is a plate made of a composite material containing spent nuclear fuel. On both sides of the plate, metal screens are installed parallel to it. Front screens at an angle to their surface mounted blinds in the form of capacitor plates under voltage. Electrons emerging from the plate pass between the plates of the blinds and create an electric charge on the surface of the screens. The electric charge with the help of current collectors is transferred through the phase switch to the primary winding of the transformer, on the secondary winding of which the output current is induced.

The disadvantages of these analogues are the low level of coefficient of performance (COP), short life.

The closest analogue is the method and device for direct conversion of radiation energy into electrical energy WO 2012083392 IPC G21H 1/00, the device is a three-dimensional system of linearly ordered flat electric capacitors, called a converter. In the interelectrode space there is a replaceable, nanoscale, cluster, powder-coated material with a composite structure, which has insulating and ferromagnetic properties and acts as a discrete insulator. Thus, the converter is placed in a protective casing having lateral openings opposite each other, subjected to the combined, controlled and penetrating into its volume radiation radiation of α-, β- and γ-rays and a magnetic field.

The disadvantage of the invention is the low level of efficiency, narrow application and use only as a battery - battery.

The task facing the author is to increase the efficiency, reduce the overall dimensions of the nuclear reactor.

The problem is solved thanks to:

- the use of an induction coil with an insulated aluminum wire, as a converter of the flow of charged particles into electric current;

- the influence of a magnetic field from the primary circuit of the winding on the outside of the reactor, on the radioactive element and induction coils inside the reactor, as a result of which we obtain a directed magnetic field;

- installation and use of the anode and cathode plates to obtain electric current from a directed flow of charged particles;

- use of the secondary circuit of the winding as an electric current transducer;

- abolition of steam generating equipment;

The essence of the utility model is the possibility of converting energy from radiation of radioactive elements into electric current, due to the action of an external magnetic field on the radioactive element and the use of an induction coil, as well as an anode and cathode plates located inside an atomic reactor, as a converter of the resulting charged particles from magnetic fields into electric current.

In FIG. 1 shows the external structure of a nuclear reactor. In FIG. 2 shows the internal structure of a nuclear reactor.

The reactor is divided into two parts:

1. The upper part of the nuclear reactor from the outside is made in the form of vertical steel plates 10 tightly adjacent to each other, and the inner zone is hollow and active, made in the form of a tank of alloy steel, standing vertically in it: radioactive elements 1 and a graphite control rod 2 . On the radioactive elements 1, the induction coils 3 are strung spiral wound with insulated aluminum wires 4. From each induction coil 3, two insulated aluminum wires 4 extend to the reactor wall ( positive and negative) connected to special electrical insulators, which are externally connected to the primary winding conductor 5. At the ends of the radioactive elements 1 at a short distance are the plate “anode” 6 and the plate “cathode” 7, which are the main: “converter” of charged particles into an electric current. The plates "anode" 6 and "cathode" 7 are attached to the reactor through an insulator with external current collectors 8. The outer side of the upper part of the reactor is helically wrapped around the entire surface of the primary conductor 5.

2. The lower part of the reactor consists only of vertical steel plates 10 tightly adjacent to each other. The outer side of the lower part of the reactor in a spiral around the entire surface is wrapped by a conductor of the secondary winding 9.

In our case, under the radioactive element 1 was considered fuel elements (fuel elements), similar to those located on nuclear submarines. As a rule, enriched uranium dioxide 235, 233 or plutonium 239 is loaded into them. When TVELs work out their service life in the reactor core, they are put into a “cooling” pool, but even after working out their service life, TVEL’s radioactivity is quite high and there are examples of their use in small power plants, in remote villages, cities, in the form of hot water for heating and electricity. We can conclude that there is a potential for receiving radio emission from spent TVELs over several years, which is applicable in our utility model.

Knowing the decay formula 235U92 → 231Th90 + d (4He2) is an alpha decay reaction. As a result of the decay of the uranium nucleus, a thorium nucleus and alpha particles (helium nuclei) are formed. In β decay, an electron and an antineutron fly out of the nucleus, and the proton turns into a neutron. Gamma radiation - is an electromagnetic radiation with a high frequency, with high energy. Excessive energy can be released by emitting one or more gamma rays, this is called gamma radiation.

The effect of magnetic radiation from radioactive elements 1 on induction coils 3 inside the reactor excites in the coils a stream of charged particles of directed action by the so-called EMF (electromotive force). In our case, we use induction coils 3 inside the reactor to obtain electric current from the magnetic field of the radioactive element 1.

The inner induction coil 3, in the reactor, is connected to the outer conductor of the primary winding 5, through insulators. The electric current induced from the intra-reactor induction coil 3, "flows" to the primary conductor 5 of the outer side of the reactor. There is a “short circuit” in the primary winding 5 (it’s like connecting a normal induction coil to a power source), a similar “short circuit” will occur and the coil will create a magnetic field around and inside it. In our utility model we describe the moment. The magnetic field created by the primary circuit induces vortex flows inside the reactor. Induction vectors permeate the reactor from the inside vertically on their way are the plates "anode" 6 and "cathode" 7, above and below. As a result of atomic fission of the reactor, charged particles are formed electrons, ions, protons and neutrons, but for our case it is important that electrons and ions can have a direction according to magnetic vortex flows, i.e. vertically, where our “anode” 6 and “cathode” 7 plates are located. These charged particles move to the “anode” 6 and “cathode” 7 plates, and not an electric current. After the plates of the “anode” 6 and the “cathode” 7, the ordered movement of charged particles, i.e. electric current flows through transformer stations to the consumer.

A nuclear reactor operates as follows:

Increasing radiation from the radioactive element 1 acts on the induction coils 3, as a result of which creates a stream of charged particles (which is an electric current) in the induction coils 3. Electric current through the insulated aluminum wires 4 wrapped around the inductive coils 3 is transmitted to the primary conductor circuit 5 on the outside of the reactor. Passing through the primary winding of circuit 5, the current creates an increasing magnetic field, which is amplified by the outer steel plates 10. The magnetic field from the outside of the reactor acts on its inner part, is also amplified by charged particles striking the inner walls of the nuclear reactor. As a result of this, the chaotic flux of radioactive charged particles becomes directed "vectors" of the magnetic field, under its influence. At the ends of the radioactive element there is a plate “anode” 6 and a plate “cathode” 7, to which the poles of the magnetic field are directed, allowing you to get a positive charge on the plate “anode” 6 and negative on the plate “cathode" 7. And after that, through the output outward current collector 8, the resulting electric current goes to the consumer. The secondary winding of circuit 9 is an additional converter of electric current, as a result of powerful electromagnetic radiation from a radioactive element 1.

By increasing radiation from a radioactive element 1, we mean the moment when the atomic reactor begins its operation, i.e. chain atomic reaction. This occurs after the introduction of the radioactive element 1 into the reactor core.

With increasing temperature inside the reactor, the air can be cooled by:

- circulation;

- creating a vacuum;

- water jacket cooling around the radioactive element.

If necessary, the electric current can be made constant or variable up to a certain frequency, by installing a diode bridge, capacitor, etc. Depending on the size of the "atomic reactor" inductive coils 3 may be one or more.

The effect of using the utility model is:

- reducing the overall dimensions of the nuclear reactor, due to the abolition of steam generating equipment;

- increasing the efficiency of nuclear power plants, due to the external influence of a magnetic field on a radioactive element, as a result of which we obtain the directional action of radiation particles, which ultimately increases the amount of electrical energy received;

Thus, the task set for the author to increase the efficiency, reduce the overall dimensions of nuclear reactors is completed.

Claims (1)

The device of a nuclear reactor for direct conversion of radiation energy into electrical energy contains a radioactive element located on the outside of the induction coil, characterized in that the reactor is made of steel plates tightly adjacent to each other, on which there are conductors of the primary and secondary windings, with radioactive elements located inside the reactor, on which induction coils are strung, plates "anode" and "cathode" are located at the ends of the radioactive elements, attached to the reactor through insulators torus with external current collectors.

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