RU125344U1 - SOIL VLAGOMER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and indoor floriculture and, in particular, can be used for the rapid determination or control of soil moisture.

The technical result is a simplification of the device, methods of operation, cost reduction and increased reliability, provided that the block of moisture sorption is made in the form of a cylinder, filled with a hydrophilic material, for example, absorbent cotton, filter paper, cellulose fibers, expanded clay crumb -paper paper or porous, moisture-permeable ceramic cylinder, previously, successively treated with soap-water solution, gasoline or kerosene, pure fresh water, etc. and this block of sorption contains an indicator made in the form of a transparent glass or polymer tube, the output of which is closed by a cylinder of hydrogel, while its end placed in the block of sorption is split into 2–4 parts; A tightly elastic hermetic cap is put on the upper part of the measuring tube; on the measuring tube there are two movable water level indicators in the tube, behind which there is a measuring scale calibrated in units of length. In addition, the cylinder diameter of the sorption unit is 15–25 mm, and the length is 40–50 mm, the grain size of expanded clay from 1 to 1.5 mm, layers of cotton fabric have a thickness of 0.5–1 mm, the thickness of a porous, moisture-permeable ceramic cylinder 1-2 mm, transparent glass or polymer tube has an internal diameter of 5-8 mm and a length of 200-300 mm, and the length of the cylinder of the hydrogel is 10-15 mm. Bible 2.Fig.1.

Description

This utility model relates to the field of agriculture and indoor floriculture and, in particular, can be used for the rapid determination (control) of soil moisture.

The problem of dependence of the volume and quality of the crop on the time of sowing is known in agriculture, which is largely determined by the parameters of soil moisture, as well as maintaining an optimal level of moisture, eliminating excessive constant waterlogging and periodic drying of the soil and constant monitoring of this level.

A soil moisture meter is known, comprising body 1, a disk stamp 2 with a cylindrical rod 3 and a dynamometric device, an additional bearing surface 8, a scale 11, a handle 12 and an index sleeve 19. Slots 13 and 14 with digital indicators can be made on the additional cylindrical surface 10 15 and a place under the scale 16, cuffs 17 can be mounted on the pointer coupling. On the disk die 2, a centering cone 18 is made, see RF Patent No. 2011982, G01N 27/02, dated 05.03.1991.

However, the known moisture meter has high adaptability, measurement complexity and high cost.

The purpose of creating a utility model is to achieve a technical result to simplify the device, the method of operation, reduce cost and improve reliability.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a well-known moisture meter containing a scale with digital indicators, it is proposed to introduce a moisture sorption unit, which is designed as a cylinder with a diameter of 15-25 mm and a length of 40-50 mm, filled with a hydrophilic material, for example, absorbent cotton, filter paper, cellulose fibers, expanded clay granules, with a grain size of 1-1.5 mm, closed outside with two layers of cotton fabric with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm or porous, moisture-permeable ceramic cylinder with a thickness of 1-2 mm, moisture meter be preliminarily treated with soap and water solution, gasoline or kerosene, clean fresh water, while in the sorption unit it is proposed to introduce an indicator made in the form of a transparent glass or polymer tube with an internal diameter of 5-8 mm and a length of 200-300 mm, the output of which is closed by a cylinder of hydrogel for a length of 10-15 mm, while its end, which is included in the sorption unit, is split into 2-4 parts; It is proposed to tightly put on an elastic hermetic cap on the upper part of the measuring tube, on the measuring tube there are 2 moving water level indicators and a lower measuring scale, graduated, in length units, for example, in mm.

The moisture meter contains:

1. Measuring tube;

2. Hydrogel - plug with a split end;

3. Sorption unit;

4. The limiting moisture-permeable shell of the sorption unit;

5. Upper elastic cap;

6. Movable water-level fixers with flags;

7. Measuring scale;

8. Water.

The moisture meter consists of a measuring tube 1, inside of which there is water 8 and to which a measuring scale 7 is attached. On one side of the measuring tube 1 is installed a hydrogel 2 split into two or four ends, sorption unit 3, closed with a restrictive moisture-permeable membrane 4. The other side of the tube 1 is closed by an elastic cap 5, which is located when measured from above. For convenience of reference, mobile fixers of water level 6 are installed on tube 1.

To improve the indication process in the measuring tube 1, an orange ball (not shown in the figure) made of foam or cork, 0.6-0.7 in diameter from the inner diameter of the measuring tube 1, can be lowered onto the water surface.

With moisture meter work as follows.

Before starting the measurement, the moisture meter is calibrated and put into operation. For this purpose, an elastic cap 5 is removed from one end of the measuring tube 1, and the sorption unit 3 is lowered into a vessel with water to a water level not higher than 10-15 mm. In this case, the measuring tube 1, is filled with water, not reaching 15-20 mm to its upper edge. Then a cap 5 is put on the upper end of the tube 1 and in this condition the moisture meter is kept for 5-6 minutes.

The moisture meter is now ready to measure soil moisture and other bulk moisture-absorbing media, such as sand, sugar, peat, etc.

To determine the soil moisture, the sorption unit 3 is placed for the entire length (“buried”) in the soil (or in the mass of the monitored granular medium) and fix the change in the water level in the measuring tube 1.

The level of soil moisture (the proportion of water content) may vary, depending on the effects of precipitation, i.e. after rain or during prolonged dry weather.

With a dry soil, the water level in the meter tube will be low, reflecting a decrease in soil moisture content. After watering, with the introduction of a sufficient amount of moisture, the water level in the measuring tube 1 rises.

It is not recommended to keep the moisture meter in the soil for a long time. If this happens, the moisture meter should be recalibrated by the specified procedure.

With prolonged use (more than six months) of moisture in saline soil, while controlling the humidity of indoor plants, with intensive use of mineral fertilizers, it is washed with acidified (0.5-1%) water and then with distilled or boiled water.

Over time, the moisture meter discharges, i.e. out of working condition, which necessitates its restoration. In this case, the moisture meter should be put back into working condition with subsequent calibration.

Prolonged operation of the moisture meter showed all areas of its possible use.

To maintain the "constant" soil moisture in the pots of indoor plants.

In this case, watering of plants is carried out at the discretion of the owners, i.e. when they see fit. A moisture meter is placed in the ground. Above the block of sorption 3, there should be a layer of soil of 0.8-1 cm. This layer should be slightly “smoothed” within a radius of 1-2 cm from the moisture meter tube. In 5-6 minutes fix the water level in the measuring tube.

To study the dynamics of moisture loss in the soil. In the soil after the "normative" irrigation placed moisture. At specified intervals, remove the indicators and build a graph of moisture loss in the soil. The study was carried out three times to obtain averaged values.

To assess the level of humidity.

The calibrated moisture meter is placed in open soil. They fix the water level in the measuring tube 1 and determine the soil moisture according to the schedule.

For convenience and efficiency of moisture control in the beds or in the greenhouse, especially to detect local drying of the soil, it is convenient to carry out an assessment with the presence of an orange ball in the measuring tube, not shown in Figure 1.

The design of the moisture meter is new, nowhere else unknown, which indicates its compliance with the criterion - novelty.

The claimed moisture meter can be manufactured in any rural workshop, which indicates its compliance with the criteria of patentability - industrial applicability.

Claims (2)

1. A soil moisture meter containing a moisture sorption unit, characterized in that the moisture sorption unit is made in the form of a cylinder, filled with a hydrophilic material, for example, absorbent cotton, filter paper, cellulose fibers, claydite chips, is closed on the outside with two layers of cotton fabric or porous , a moisture-permeable ceramic cylinder, previously sequentially treated with a soap-and-water solution, gasoline or kerosene, with clean fresh water, while the sorption unit contains an indicator made in e a transparent glass or plastic tube which is closed cylinder output from the hydrogel, thus placing it in sorption end block is split into 2-4 parts; A tightly elastic hermetic cap is put on the upper part of the measuring tube; on the measuring tube there are two movable water level indicators in the tube, behind which there is a measuring scale calibrated in units of length. 2. Soil moisture meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder diameter of the sorption unit is 15-25 mm, and length is 40-50 mm, the grain size of clay with clay from 1 to 1.5 mm, layers of cotton fabric have a thickness of 0 , 5-1 mm, the thickness of a porous, moisture-permeable ceramic cylinder is 1-2 mm, a transparent glass or polymer tube has an internal diameter of 5-8 mm and a length of 200-300 mm, and the length of a hydrogel cylinder is 10-15 mm

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