RO130149A2 - Polygraph with integrated co-assistance system and testing method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a polygraph with integrated co-assistance system and to a testing method using the same for assessing the persons involved in law infringement. The claimed polygraph comprises some base transducers (1, 2, 3, 4) for the physiological indices for detecting emotion and sincerity: blood pressure, heart beat, respiratory modifications, variation of skin perspiration, muscular pressure and two groups of sensors (5, 6), respectively, for determining the temperature and skin colour on certain physiologically active areas of the face, during an interview. The claimed method consists in determining physiological parameters during an interview where a questionnaire with 10 relevant, neutral and control questions is used, taking-over and processing the resulting data by means of a software.

Description

POLIGRAF WITH INTEGRATED COASISTATION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF TESTING WITH THIS AID

The invention relates to the polygraph with integrated co-counseling system and the test method with its help, which includes besides its basic translators for physiological indicators for detection of emotion and sincerity (blood pressure, pulse, changes of breath, variation of perspiration, muscle pressure, whether or not the electrodynamic resistance - EEG electroencephalography), recorded in the form of computerized diagrams and two real-time analyzers, one based on skin surface temperature analysis, and the other on CIE L * a * b * reflection colorimetry (highlighting any skin color deviation), the latter taking the data from certain biometrically sensitive areas (nose, cheeks, forehead, ear lobes), which by coexistence and corroboration is applied by using a related test method to evaluate the persons involved in committing a crime.

The hypothesis behind all methods of detecting simulated behavior is that there is a natural interaction between mind and body and, depending on the individual and the degree of involvement, the suspects will use certain defense mechanisms, whether mental, emotional or physical, depending on from the level of stress they are under or the degree of risk / danger they perceive. The mechanical part of the polygraph examination is designed to pay attention to the actions of the nervous system, especially the vegetative nervous system, and then to certain compatible parts of the vegetative nervous system that alert the body in situations of danger / risk or stress [1-4], the components this mechanism, in the case of the classical polygraph, measures the following:

- pulse and blood pressure at the brachial and distal level (a cuff fixed around the arm in the area of the radial artery for measuring the blood pressure that is synchronous with the ventricular systole, which allows the evaluation of the systolic blood pressure - maximum and the minimum diastolic);

- abdominal and thoracic breathing (pneumograph with pneumatic tubes connected around the chest and abdomen of the examiner);

- electrodermal resistance / conductivity of the skin (galvanometer with two electrodes fixed on two fingers from the same hand sensitive to an imperceptible amount of electricity passing through them).

Each psychophysiological parameter graphically recorded on the polygraph diagrams presents certain specific characteristics that the examiner analyzes and interprets, drawing conclusions on the sincerity or insincerity of the subject, conclusions recorded in a psychological report of technical-scientific finding [5-8],

In order to identify the offender by means of technical-scientific means of finding / detecting the simulated behavior with the help of the polygraph (lie detector), various computer-assisted devices and a series of analyzers in the digital realm by means of digital voltage capture νυν are known.

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arterial, pulse, respiratory capacity, electrodermal parameters (humidity / sweating, temperature), galvanodermal (pH and concentration in ketone bodies, etc.), muscular contractions (legs, hands, buttocks, etc.) and others [9, 10],

These systems, which have become classic, have a large number of disadvantages, both related to the recording techniques, as well as to the questionnaire and the examiner, who must obtain accurate data on the facts and circumstances that underlie the suspicion or accusation of the person following to be examined, moreover, he must have direct observation of the person concerned from the moment he enters the laboratory and until the completion of the examination, an aspect that requires an interdisciplinary psychological training and a certain well-formulated conduct. For example, during the pre-test interview, a sincere subject will usually manifest a behavior in which the nature and misrepresentation indices can be observed in argumentation, the subject being more curious about the criminal case than fear, expressing his opinions, responding prompt and coherent with questions etc., while an insincere subject does not cooperate, does not engage in dialogue, gives monosyllabic answers, lacks initiative and spontaneity. When it comes to discussing critical issues, one notices, besides stereotypical denials like I do not know, I cannot explain, who, I ?, I do not remember, and some external manifestations of the simulated behavior, which have a series of characteristics. of the investigated individual, related to psychology, sensitivity or emotional stress, health status, drug treatment, narcotic use, excessive fatigue, etc. [11

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The diagram or map of the classical polygraph should represent the graphic expression of the physiological parameters (blood pressure-pulse, chest breathing, abdominal breathing, electrodermal reaction and neuromuscular movements / contractions) under the impact of the relevant questions of the case, when the whole organism of the investigated individual should enter an alert state, and the psycho-emotional reactivity corresponds to the simulated answers to the questionnaire. however, it is known that there are approximately 4-6% when the test is not accurate, there are disagreements regarding the nature of the evidence, as well as a number of difficulties that determine the failure to develop arguments in favor of the validity of the polygraph, to be accepted by the community. scientific and judicial [22-26], Moreover, the examiner must know very well the case law and establish from the beginning the type and number of tests that will be administered to an individual. Usually, at least three tests are required to draw a conclusion regarding the individual's sincerity or sincerity, and in the case of intentional non-cooperation, specific tests are applied to each situation of circumvention.

Only in the case of non-doubtful subjects, the examination with this polygraph technique usually ends with a post-test interview or even with the review, in both cases the subject's approach is individualized on a case-by-case basis, in compliance with the general rules regarding the hearing of the accused or the defendant (the test). it must be: methodical, logical, argued, calm and its level of training and culture will be taken into account).

According to a legal principle, the samples do not have a default value and therefore the test result must be corroborated with the other samples and means of evidence administered in this case, the result of the polygraph testing having only a value / ^ xfî ^ fîcAci ^ faF ^ oncxcfîzsiIii in narrowing the circle / 'k. ·. -.A '· \

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¢ -2 0 1 3 - (10 6 ^ 1 9 -01- 2013 suspected and channeled all efforts to verify those who gave reactions of insecurity. In addition, as some authors show [27-31]. Polygraph records are relatively imperfect, the indicators used in the detection of insincerity being dependent on the emotional manifestations, on the form in which the simulation is manifested and on the peripheral way of its highlighting.

Another type of polygraph, more advanced, besides blood pressure / pulse, respiration in the chest and abdomen / lung capacity, uses a set of temperature sensors and sweat in the skin of the fingers, connected to an analog-digital converter, coupled with known detectors for determining the cumulative electroderm response by two evolution graphs [32], it has the disadvantage that it cannot be applied to individuals with cardiac, respiratory, asthma patients, polyarthritis, rheumatism, etc.

Modern devices also record other parameters, such as: ocular behavior, electrical activity of the cerebral cortex, etc. which are impossible to control, even for people who display emotional insensitivity and self-control beyond the normal.

The use of the EEG (electroencephalogram) in the detection of simulated behavior, by identifying specific Event Related Potentials (ERPs) that are correlated with certain information of guilt value (eg the fronto-parental and temporo-parental P300 potentials, which are the ones more sensitive and dependent on age, alcohol consumption, drugs, etc. and which are not related to the emotional reaction of the individual), which allow differentiation of the situations in which the investigated individual has or does not have information related to the crime. The advantages of EEG / ERP in the detection of the simulated behavior are determined by the high temporal resolution of the records (of the order of milliseconds) and the use of portable equipment, and as disadvantages we mention the low spatial resolution and the disadvantages related to the configuration of electrodes and the discomfort it generates in during the interrogation, together with the vulnerability of these techniques to certain countermeasures (to circumvent detection) taken by the subjects. [33, 34].

Another criticism of the P300 evoked potentials is that the origin of the EEG waves is not known precisely, being associated with the novelty of a stimulus. This technique has nothing to do with emotions, it simply scientifically detects whether or not certain information is stored in the brain [18, 19],

The introduction of electroencephalography (EEG) as a new lie detection method has not removed peripheral physiological measurements from their eminent position, but has provided insight into the potential benefits of central neurophysiological measurements in evaluating processes that occur in the brain.

The development of brain imaging techniques has resulted in their use for detecting simulated behavior. These techniques - ERP - evoked potentials, MRI, nuclear magnetic resonance and PET - positron emission tomography - have proved useful in studying the neurological correlates of psychological functioning. but the studies that use these

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In addition, this method of evoked potentials does not detect guilt or innocence, as it is the duty of the judge, it provides us with valid scientific evidence to help the people of the law in their decisions. The method offers the possibility to evaluate whether or not in the subject's memory there are informational elements specific only to the perpetrator of the crime. This test typically uses the guilt paradigm and is considered a memory based test rather than an emotional reaction test. It is known that evidence and fingerprints are available in only 1% of major criminal cases. It has been estimated that the method of evoked potentials could be applied in 60% - 70% of these cases.

The situations in which the method of potential evoked does not apply are the following: in cases of disappearances, in which the only information held by the authorities may be that someone is missing, without knowing for sure whether or not a crime has been committed. Another situation is one in which everyone agrees on what happened, but there are disagreements about the intentions of the parties involved. For example, in a case of sexual harassment, the alleged victim and the alleged perpetrator may agree on what happened, but not agree on the consent of the deed.

Functional imaging by magnetic resonance has as an advantage over the polygraph technique the fact that it measures the activity of the central nervous system rather than the peripheral one, as well as the advantage of the spatial resolution compared to the EEG. in addition, the nature of the imaging procedure by functional magnetic resonance excludes the effects of interpersonal expectations, and the automated and protocol processing of information, stimulates reproducibility and objectivity of results [35], but presents a number of disadvantages, such as higher costs, small number of units. where it is possible to perform, but especially the particulars of execution, because the metal fragments are not tolerated and can become even dangerous during the examination. Thus, people with defibrillator, pacemaker, cochlear implants, metal clips for treating aneurysms, etc. I can't use it. The presence of artificial heart valves, drug pumps, nerve stimulation devices, prostheses or artificial limbs should be reported to the physician. Often, it is necessary to administer a contrast substance, for a better visualization, which can be drunk or administered intravenously or intrarectally. The examination can take 30 minutes to one to two hours, depending on its complexity.

The use of a medical imaging assisted polygraph system using a positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measures brain activity [36], has the disadvantage of a complex, large and very expensive device, in which the human subject is introduced in a certain position, which can generate claustrophobia, reason

to reject the test by the investigated individual.

The biggest limitation of magnetic resonance imaging approaches is that by simply demonstrating that a certain "place" in the moment when a person is trying to lie, it cannot mean that the action is ^ tg-ir ^ involved in the simulated behavior.

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It can be interpreted, for example, as a sign of anxiety or another non-specific function that accompanies the lie but which is not in itself conclusive of the deception. This limit in interpreting the findings of brain imaging specifies that these techniques can only reveal correlations between brain states and behavior - they cannot prove causality.

Among the more advanced coexistence systems are those that use devices for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the eyes (pupil diameter, direction of movement, blink rate, etc.) [37, 38], when the person interviewed is given a pair of glasses, which are attached to lie detector. A series of questions are displayed on the computer monitor. While the person responds to them, the device in the glasses measures the size of the pupil and the movements of the eyes. At the same time, the device takes pictures of the retina at a rate of 60 images per second. Pupil dilation, response time, reading and re-reading time are all correlated with the computer. This device has the disadvantage that it only tracks the dynamic features of the eyes, errors can occur.

Another detector-like model uses iris scanning and audio surveillance to highlight pupil dilation, blinking frequency, reaction to images and acoustic signals, difficulty in response and speech rate, stuttering or pauses in speech as psychological data [39], which has the disadvantage of many correlations that can lead to errors.

Also known is a lie detector that uses voice fingerprinting involving an amplification audio processing module, processed by Fourier transform (scan), to extract the characteristic information to true / false answers of high accuracy and precision. The system uses the following order of questions: unrelated questions, criterion or key questions and questions relevant to the test subject [40, 41], which as above has the disadvantage of involving multiple correlations, but also of a complex basis. data, which increases response time.

A system close to our invention utilizes classical polygraph co-operation with an optical device with laser and infrared sensors [42-45], in order to evaluate the rate of blood flow on certain areas of the surface of the subject's face.

These devices have the disadvantage of limiting the information system to a single data series, those rendered by a basic technique - the polygraph, whose recordings are relatively imperfect, sometimes showing distrust for the possibility of errors due to braking factors, such as: excessive disorder of the subject caused by the fear of being wrongfully accused, physiological disorders (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory insufficiency, states close to shock or pre-collapse), mental disorders (mental weakness, neurosis, psychonevrosis, psychopathy) , for which reason it is not considered doubtless scientific evidence, being rather an extrajudicial method of investigation, with an introspective character.

The use in the judicial practice of the system of coexistence between the polygraph technique with the analysis of vocal stress (the modification of the characteristic '' ^ o ^ dYs'â ^ can analyze the thermal images at the level of the face, have the disadvantage that they do not allow the elimination of the error of the cognitive determinations superior and inaccessibility to the structures neurologically physiologically related to the underlying cortical.

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The object of the invention is to develop a device and a method of faithful detection and high reliability of the simulated behavior, which uses a modern polygraph, provided with a co-system by two sensors, which together allows the real-time recording of seven biometric characteristics. : blood pressure, pulse, changes of breath, variation of skin perspiration, muscle pressure, temperature and color changes of some physiologically-active areas of the face, during the interview by involving a single questionnaire, which includes 10 relevant, neutral and control questions , chosen according to the type of crime / defendant, followed finally by the corroboration of the data in elucidating the truth about the person analyzed by processing the evolution graphs with specialized software.

The problem solved by the invention consists in the creation and use of a polygraph with integrated co-system and a specific test method, which includes besides its basic sensors (blood pressure, pulse, changes of breath, variation of sweating, muscle pressure, asian or not by the electrodynamic resistance (EEG electroencephalography) and two real-time analyzers: for evaluating the temperature variation and the color of the skin on the face of the individual being interrogated. The data of the last two characteristics taken from certain areas of the face, psycho-physiologically sensitive (nose, cheeks, forehead, ear lobes), are corroborated with those of the first five, all being recorded as graphs of real-time evolution during the interview period. by using a single questionnaire, consisting of 10 questions (relevant, neutral and control) in the form of a related test method for identifying the offender, assisted by a software specialized in data retrieval and processing.

Polygraph with integrated co-existence system and the test method based on a single questionnaire, eliminates the disadvantages presented above, in that, in order to increase the accuracy in the examination of the simulated behavior and to offer a high fidelity and increased reliability of the results obtained by taking over and processing. with specialized software of real-time evolution charts for the five basic physiological characteristics (blood pressure, pulse, changes of breath, variation of perspiration and muscle pressure), assisted or not by electrodynamic resistance (EEG electroencephalography) and corroborated with two new features (temperature and color) taken from certain sensitive areas of the face (nose, cheeks, forehead, ear lobes), during the interview using a single questionnaire, with 10 questions (relevant, neutral and control), as a related method test for identification i to the offender, assisted by software specialized in data retrieval and processing. the questions are chosen according to the type of crime / defendant, followed finally by the corroboration of the data in elucidating the truth about the analyzed person by processing the evolution graphs with specialized software.

The system uses a classic polygraph co-composed of two groups of sensors, one for measuring temperature variations and respectively for the skin color of certain physiologically active areas of the face of the tested individual. Both the 4'i ^r s.tphitil and the <and ^ sensor arrays are coupled with

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the help of translators and A-D converters to a computer, which, through specialized software, generates evolution charts of the physiological parameters measured during the interview, based on the questionnaire with the ten questions.

The miniaturized thermal sensors can be probe type (contact thermocouple) or infrared (non-contact), with a resolution of 0.1 ° C, and the specific colorimeters for skin color analysis (Skin-Colorimeter CL 400 / Mexameter MX18, CK Electronic ) with the evaluation of the CIE L * a * b * colorimetric space, which are commercially available.

Both sensors are attached to each other to minimize the analysis surface and placed with a plastic mask on the physiologically active areas of the face (nose, cheeks, forehead, ear lobes).

The polygraph comprises a fixed seat, on which the defendant sits, with a backrest and a seat provided with sensors for contractions of the buttocks, electrodermal sensors that are applied on the left and middle finger of the left hand, a Kovacevichi type sleeve with a blood pressure measuring instrument and of the pulse (the hand being placed at the level of the abdomen on the table with the test device) that is applied around the same arm, in the area of the radial artery, the pneumatic tubes of the pneumograph are wrapped around the chest and abdomen and the network of the two groups of thermal and colorimetric sensors mounted on the plastic mask, which allows them to be positioned at the six physiologically active areas of the face (nose - 1, cheeks - 2, forehead - 1, ear lobes - 2). The sensors are connected to the polygraph device, and it connects to the computer that has specialized software for rendering and processing the graphs of variation of the seven biometric parameters to be analyzed.

During the interview the sensors take the following information: the electrodermal sensors take the electrical conductivity at the surface of the skin of the fingers; blood pressure and pulse are taken by the blood pressure monitor; the thoracic perimeter and abdomen are taken by the pneumograph; muscle pressure of the buttocks; temperature and color of the skin respectively on the physiologically active areas of the face. The variation of all the parameters is graphically recorded in the same diagram, in differentiated ordinates, specifying that for a color a derivative transformation is performed, by calculating the value of ΔΗ * (the difference in hue), due to the fact that in the case of color it is evaluated with 3 parameters related to the system. CIE L * a * b *, according to the relations:

ΗΗ * = [ΕΕ * ² - AL * ² - AC * ² ] ¹ ' ² . (1) where: ΕΕ * = [Aa * ² + Ab * ² + AL * ² ] ¹⁷² (2) AL * = L * j - L * (j + i) (3) AC * = [a * _(1+!) ² + b * _{(i + 1)} ² ] ^1/2 - [b * ² + L * ² ] ¹ ' ² (4) evaluated on the basis of:

Aa * = a * _{(1 + 1)} -a * j;

Ab * = b * _{(i + 1)} -b * i;

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Once the examination coupled to the polygraph sensors opens the computer and the related software respectively, followed by the on-screen view of the parameter recording chart. Abscissa is the time measured in seconds, where the ten questions are marked. Thus, depending on the allure of the variation curves of the parameters to the ten questions, it can be evaluated whether the answer is true or false.

By using this type of polygraph and the related method, a number of advantages are obtained:

shortening the analysis time from about 3 hours, with the standard polygraph, to 30 minutes;

presents a higher accuracy, with a lower error rate than standard systems, offers a high percentage of accuracy in examinations, compared to the classical methods of investigation;

the truthfulness of the method is high;

- allow the valorisation of the inter-evaluator relayability.

it offers high fidelity and increased reliability by achieving equivalent results when subjects are similarly retested or scored by experts other than the initial examiner.

the results are not affected by the passage of time, so that no matter how much time has elapsed since the research activities are carried out, the subjects will have as strong reactions as on the first day. the device and the method also allow for certain case studies that the examination be differentiated in stages by specialized investigators, thus the first stage is performed by an experienced investigator, the second by an interviewer who can be an investigator or a scientist , the third by a scientist and the fourth by the judge and jurors;

The system uses high performance equipment, software and professional interpretation and scoring algorithms;

reduces the costs of investigating and prosecuting innocent people, which may enable law enforcement agencies to focus their attention on suspects who have verifiable detailed knowledge of the crime being investigated;

allows if two people were present at the scene of the crime, it is clear that only the one who committed it.

The following is an example of an embodiment ^ u-dWhat are some embodiments, based on the figures

1, 2 and 3, representing: f

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Fig. 1. The constructive-functional scheme of the polygraph system

Fig. 2. Positioning the analysis areas on the human face.

Fig. 3. Theoretical example of the diagram with the variation graphs differentiated by ordinate

For the examination with the polygraph in the co-assisted system, a soundproofed room, specially arranged and furnished, is used. The room should be as sober as possible, without ornaments, paintings or different objects that could distract the person examined, and implicitly distort the psychophysiological records. The room temperature must be normal and the lighting appropriate. Also, there must be a second room, the so-called "observation room", equipped for this purpose. The endowment and organization of the laboratory are those provided in the norms of the College of Psychologists in Romania.

Polygraph with integrated co-system uses a classic system provided with the four sensors to determine the physiological parameters: blood pressure / pulse, changes in breathing, variation of sweat / temperature of the fingers and muscle pressure of the buttocks, whether or not assisted by EEG electroencephalography and two groups respectively sensors for determining the temperature and color of the skin on the 6 physiologically active areas of the face (nose, cheeks, forehead, ear lobes). These parameters are determined during the interview period by using a single questionnaire, with 10 questions (relevant, neutral and control), in the form of a related test method for identifying the offender, assisted by software specialized in data retrieval and processing. the questions are chosen according to the type of crime / defendant, followed finally by the corroboration of the data in elucidating the truth about the person analyzed by processing the evolution graphs with specialized software.

The polygraph comprises a fixed seat, on which the defendant sits, with a backrest and a seat provided with sensors for contractions of the buttocks (1), electrodermal sensors (2) that are applied on the left and middle finger of the left hand, the cuff with the tensiometer (3 ) for measuring the blood pressure and pulse (the hand being placed at the level of the abdomen on the table with the test device) that is applied around the same arm, in the area of the radial artery, the pneumatic tubes of the pneumograph (4) are wrapped around the chest and abdomen; the network of the two groups of thermal sensors (5) and colorimetric (6) mounted on the plastic mask (7), which allows their positioning at the level of the six physiologically active areas of the face: nose (A), cheeks (B), forehead (C), ear lobes (D). The sensors are coupled to the acquisition board (8), which processes and amplifies the analog signals in digital, sending them to the computer (9), which with the help of specialized software for data playback and processing, displays the graphs of variation of the six parameters. biometrics to be analyzed, whether or not co-sponsored by the seventh - EEG electroencephalograph (10).

Therefore, the system uses a classic polygraph co-composed of two groups of sensors, one for measuring the temperature variations (5) and color variations (6) respectively of the skin on certain physiologically active areas of the face of the individual tested. Both the sensor system ^ Sensor lugs are coupled to a computer using an acquisition board (8), which provides analog-digital converters, amplifiers and converters. 'pî

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The miniaturized thermal sensors (5) and (6) can be probing type (contact thermocouple) or infrared (non-contact), with a resolution of 0.1 ° C, and the specific colorimeters for skin color analysis (Skin-Colorimeter CL 400 / Mexameter MX18, CK Electronic) with the evaluation of the CIE L * a * b * colorimetric space, which are commercially available.

Both sensors (5) and (6) are attached to each other to minimize the analysis surface and place with a mask (7) made of plastic material on the physiologically active areas of the face (nose - one sensor, buttocks - two sensors, forehead - one sensor, ear lobes - two sensors).

During the interview, the sensors took the following information: muscle pressure of the buttocks (1); electrodermal sensors (2) take electrical conductivity at the surface of the fingers skin; blood pressure and pulse are taken by the blood pressure monitor (3); the thoracic perimeter and abdomen are taken by the pneumograph (4); temperature and color of the skin respectively on the physiologically active areas of the face with the help of thermal (5) and chromatic (6) sensors. The variation of all the parameters is graphically recorded in the same diagram, in differentiated ordinates, specifying that for the color a derivative transformation is carried out, by calculating the most sensitive chromatic value, ΔΗ * (the difference of the hue), because in the case of the color it is evaluated. with 3 parameters related to the CIE colorimetric space L * a * b *, according to the relations:

ΗΗ * = [ΕΕ * ² - AL * ² - AC * ² ] ^1/2 .

where:

ΕΕ * = [Aa * ² + Ab * ² + AL * ² ] ^1/2

AL * = L * iL * ₍₁₊ i)

AC * = [a * _{(l + 1)} ² + b * _{(i + 1)} ² ] ^V2 - [b *, ² + L * ² ] ^1/2 evaluated based on:

Aa * = a * _{(i + 1)} -a * i;

Ab * = b * _{(i + 1)} -b * i;

with i and (i + 1) values measured consecutively.

Once examined coupled to the polygraph sensors, the computer and the related software are opened, followed by the on-screen view of the parameter recording chart. in the abscissa is the time measured in seconds, where the ten questions are marked. Thus, depending on the allure of the variation curves of the parameters to the ten questions, it can be evaluated whether the answer is true or false.

The test method is based on a single questionnaire with 10 questions (relevant, neutral and control), chosen according to the type of crime / offender.

The test will use the same classic type of questionnaire often used in polygraph examination but which will contain only 10 questions, previously formulated by the examiner based on the knowledge of the crime and which are numbered from 1 to 10. the questions asked will refer to only one aspect. The examiner notes the number of the question and any comments on the polygraph diagrams, adding, depending on the affirmative or negative answer of the subject.

The questionnaire comprises the following categories of questions:

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- the relevant questions (incriminating, critical, accusatory), which may be main (strong) or secondary (weak), in the form of interrogative sentences addressed to the subject by the examining psychologist directly, concisely and clearly both during the pre-test interview, as well as and during the test, aimed at committing it or implicating it in the crime that is the subject of the investigation, capable of producing changes in the psycho-emotional reactivity. depending on the complexity of the investigated case the relevant questions will also include questions (investigators or detail) in the form of hypothetical interrogative sentences in order to identify a possible psycho-physiological reactivity to the tested subject, allowing clues regarding the existence of co-participants, concealers or promoters, stolen goods, the place where the criminal bodies are hidden, the tools used to commit the crime, as well as other aspects of this kind that the subject conceals - all of which are specific to secondary secondary questions, regarding the probationer or knowledge of the guilt. . The relevant relevant questions are direct, such as: "Did you kill Elodia?" and usually involves direct involvement.

neutral questions in the form of simple interrogative sentences, which are not related to incrimination and allow the psychic rebalancing of the subject after the effect of the relevant questions. Their purpose is to obtain in the polygraph diagram a standard segment for the normal psychophysiological reactivity of the subject's control questions in the form of interrogative sentences to which it is known a priori, that the subject will answer non-sincerely (or at least the verbal answer will generate a doubt). Their purpose is to obtain a certain level of psycho-physiological reactivity necessary to make comparisons with the level of psychophysiological reactivity obtained in the relevant questions. There are also questions of direct lie that we know for sure that the answer of the subject is insincere, this is established a priori by training.

The obligatory condition when examining with polygraph technique with integrated co-counseling system is the psychophysiological normality of the subject, and the test procedure has three stages: the pretest stage (which mainly includes the preparation of the examination and the pre-test interview), the intestine stage or the actual examination ( application of the questionnaire and data retrieval), the post-test stage (analysis by processing and scoring data, establishing the diagnosis of sincerity or non-sincerity, the post-test interview).

During the pretest interview, which lasts an average of 5-10 minutes, the examiner informs the subject about the purpose of the test, assuring it of its objectivity, as well as the terms that will be used. This interview is conducted according to a certain algorithm. The questions in the pre-test interview aim to elicit verbal and non-verbal answers, which will give the examiner clues as to the subject's sincerity or insincerity, without causing them to unnecessarily diminish their tension and without the examiner engaging in a accusatory dialogue in the desire to obtain a confession of guilt. A subject who is accused by the examiner of having committed the crime under investigation or who is being questioned as if he or she was already responsible for it is no longer fit for a polygraph test.

During the whole test his voice must be under absolute control. Its attitude must be objections · irreverent / manifestly impartial regarding sincerity or face. ^{<Λ Λ} fa fa ^Γ ί î ^ 'A ·· fay <. F does. do: ₍ · -.

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_C> -2 Ο 1 3 - Ο Ο δ 0 0 1 ^s -OH- 20t3 of the person's insincerity. Another attitude would put him in the role of an investigator rather than an examiner.

The examiner will ensure a comfortable environment, removing any causes that could affect the investigation by this technique.

After the pretesting stage in which the subject has been prepared for examination according to the methodology known in the field of classical polygraph testing, it is subject to examination.

For this the examiner sits on a fixed chair, with a backrest and a seat provided with sensors for contractions of the buttocks, then is applied on the left and middle finger of the left hand electrodermal sensors, around the same arm, in the area of the radial artery, if fastens the cuff for measuring blood pressure and pulse (the hand being placed at the level of the abdomen on the table with the test device), around the chest and abdomen the pneumatic tubes of the pneumograph are wrapped, and at the level of the face the two are placed in a network. groups of palpating probes for determining the thermal and color variations, in certain areas, selected by the examiner according to the characteristics of the face of the examiner. The sensors are coupled to the polygraph device, and it connects to the computer that has specialized software for rendering and processing the graphs of variation of the six / seven biometric parameters analyzed.

At the end of the examination, the polygraph diagrams are interpreted.

In the first phase of the activity of interpreting the diagrams we have in mind:

establishing the route segments that highlight the sincere answers (without psychoemotional reactivity), corresponding to the neutral questions;

determining the characteristics of the route segments that highlight the non-sincere answers (in which the psycho-emotional reactivity is widely expressed) to the relevant, incriminating questions;

selective detection of the characteristics of the route segments to the investigative questions (in detail) and detection of those that have specific psychoemotional reactivity;

identification of the specific characteristics of the route that highlights the presence of psychoemotional reactivity in the answers given by the subject to the control questions.

In the second phase, we compare the diagram segments corresponding to the relevant questions and the investigators with the control and neutral ones, settling the differences.

The formulation of the conclusions in a polygraph examination consists of comparison and synthesis activities, deductive, inductive and analogical reasoning, activities of noticing the most sensitive changes in the polygraph diagram paths as a result of the answers to the relevant, neutral and control questions. Following the interpretation, both of the polygraph diagrams and of the subject's behavior throughout the examination with the polygraph technique, a positive, negative or uncertain conclusion can be formulated.

The whole system of measuring the seven / seven features is controlled by the computer, with the help of specialized software, including + BT ^ variation variation, a mathematical data analysis algorithm, which compares the answers'Ta celdJyjgs ^ seven types of stimuli and performs information evaluation. / {f'Ă i´y w

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The last step in the application of this method is the decision of the investigator on the guilt or innocence, based on the comparison of the physiological responses of the suspect, recorded through the graphs of variation of all the evaluated parameters corroborating the first four with the last two, respectively with the temperature variations and of the characteristic ΔΗ * of CIE space L * a * b * of the color of the active areas of the face. This belongs entirely to the judicial field, more precisely it is the duty of the judge and jurors to weigh the evidence offered by the investigator, in order to establish the verdict of guilt or innocence of the investigated individual.

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Claims (3)

claims 1. Polygraph with integrated co-operation system and the test method with its help, characterized in that, in order to detect the faithful and with high reliability of the simulated behavior, a classic polygraph is used, provided with the four real-time evaluation sensors of biometric characteristics: blood pressure, pulse, changes in respiration, variation of skin perspiration, muscular pressure, whether or not electrodynamic resistance - EEG electroencephalography and coexisted by two sensors for determining the temperature and color changes of physiologically-active areas of the face, on during the interview by involving a single questionnaire, which includes 10 relevant, neutral and control questions, chosen according to the type of crime / defendant, followed finally by the corroboration of the data in elucidating the truth about the person analyzed by processing the evolution graphs; 2. Polygraph with integrated co-system and the test method using it, according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal and colorimetric sensors are coupled together to minimize the analysis surface and mounted on a network on a plastic mask. , which allows their positioning on the four physiologically active areas of the face (nose - 1, cheeks - 2, forehead 1, ear lobes - 2); 3. Polygraph with integrated co-system and the test method using it, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the color analysis uses the graph of the values ΔΗ * (the difference of the hue) which has the high sensitivity, in comparison with the other parameters in the CIE colorimetric space L * a * b *.