PT92500A - COLOR TELEVISION TRANSMISSION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

The compounds of the present invention may be prepared by the following methods:

DEUTSCHE THOMSON-BRANDT GMBH, a German, industrial and commercial patent having its registered office at D-7730 Villingen-Schwenningen, Federal Republic of Germany, (inventors: Dr.-Martin Plan-tholt and Dipl.-Ing. Erich Geiger, residing in West Germany), to: " COLOR TELEVISION TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ".

The present invention relates to a color television transmission system.

For the introduction of a wide 16: 9 picture format in the existing television standards (for example: PAL, SECAM, NTSC) with the format 4: 3, the so-called " letter box " (" Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten und Entwicklungstendenzen bei PAL ", G. Holoch Vortrag FKTG 17.01 .89 in Berlin, and " Rúnftige Fernsehsystele ", F. Muller Romer, Fernseh-und Kinotechnik, 43, Jahrgang, Nr 6/1989). In these processes, in a manner compatible with the 4: 3 receiver, all 16: 9 reception image information is shown with black bands at the upper and lower edges of the image.

In the USA, papers were released that aim at the transmission of a 16: 9 format of this type in a manner compatible with the NTSC standard (ACTV: Advanced Compatible Televi- sion - Vorschlag fur eine neue, Kompatible Breitbild-Femmesermann für CR 1 UJLSAUIJT ; H. Weckenbrock, W. Wedam, Fernsehund Kinotecnik, 42. Jahrgang, Nr. 7/1988).

For a PAL system there are in principle the same possibilities as for the ACTV to modulate the information of the 16: 9 format margins in another subcarrier and to make the transmission compatible with the 4: 3 format information. But this subcarrier then has to have a different spectral range than that of an NTSC system, since free spaces " in the PAL spectrum (so-called Fu kinuki holes, which are to be generated by appropriate filtering) are located precisely in the places occupied by the color transmission (I, Q) in the NTSC system.

The experiments have led to the result that the additional information has to be reduced in amplitude by about 20 dB in order to ensure compatible reception, approximately undisturbed at a standardized receiver. In addition, in the case of ACTV the lower frequencies, with great energy, of the additional information are transmitted in the overcrowding zone (" overscan ") of the lines. The overdrive zone consists of the marginal parts of lines which, at a normal receiver, are not normally represented. This representation zone may vary, so that in the normal receivers the additional information transmitted in the lateral margin zone may become visible.

As in the case of the " letter-box " for normal receivers and 16: 9 receivers, there is moreover only a transmission bandwidth of about 5 MHz, for the 16: 9 receivers a loss of horizontal visual definition (oscillations / angle of (16: 9) / (4: 3) 1.333, compared to the normal receiver. It would, however, be desirable for normal and 16: 9 receivers to have the same horizontal visual definition. The present invention proposes to solve the problem of providing a compatible transfer system for a PAL signal which provides, in the case of normal receivers, a 4: 3 format which, as in the " letter box " process, is also only 2

And in the case of the improved receivers an image format of 16: 9, in particular with a horizontal visual definition corresponding to that of the 4: 3 format.

This problem is solved with the features set forth in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are indicated in the second claims.

Firstly, on the transmitter side, the modeling of the additional information, representing the greater 16: 9 format, is performed on the color information (U and V) transmitted in the PAL signal. One type of modulation is chosen by which the spectral spaces of the U and V color information are doubly occupied. This can be done, for example, by quadrature modulation. In a normal receiver, which decodes the color information U and V, this additional information is erased due to the lack of an appropriate decoder. An improved receiver having a 16: 9 aspect ratio format, on the other hand, contains an appropriate decoder which, together with the decoder for the normal signal, provides an image format of 16: 9.

In the case of the " letter boxn process, the luminance portions of the high horizontal frequency signal which are missing by the expansion of the image signal of the total luminance information can be separated in the case of the luminance parts and also modulate the color information U and V.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1, the spectrum of a NTSC signal in the plane of the spatial frequencies f and the time frequencies raises f (referred to the active number of lines); FIG. 2, the spectrum of a PAL signal in the plane of the special vertical frequencies f and the time frequencies f (referred to the active numbers of lines); 3

FIG. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, a block diagram of a " Wide-Screen " PAL encoder; representation of relations between sides 4: 3 and 16: 9; the 16: 9 information luminance setting; the time multiplex packet (" timeplex ") for a first embodiment; time multiplex packets for a second embodiment; FIG. FIG. FIG. FIG. 8, filter devices (11) for the second embodiment; 9, a block diagram of a " Wide-Screen " PAL decoder; 10 is a device for joining the luminance components according to FIG. 5; 11 is a circuit for obtaining the high frequency luminance portions of the signal; FIG. 12, luminance signal spectra; FIG. 13, spectra in a first modulation and demodulation of the luminance signal; FIG. 14, spectra in a second modulation and demodulation of the luminance signal; and Fig. 15, the spectrum of the high frequency parts (additional signals in the plane of the vertical spatial frequencies and the horizontal frequencies.)

In Figs. 1 and 2, the luminance and chrominance spectral bands for an NTSC signal and a PAL signal are reproduced in the f -f planes. From Fig. 1 and 2 it can be seen that there is a difference of principle in color transmission in NTSC and PAL cases. Due to the connecting phase in alternating lines of the V signal in the PAL system, the signals U and V of the PAL system do not occupy the same places in the spectrum as they do. in the case of signals I and Q of the NTSC system. - 4 -

According to the present invention, therefore, these spectral spaces are doubly occupied in the PAL system with the additional information of the 16: 9 format marginal signals, the color carrier being modulated with an additional signal, with quadrature modulation.

This color television system, referred to as " Wide-Screen-PALn, makes it possible to encode / decode and PAL-compatible transmission of 16: 9 picture signals and offers the following advantages: good compatibility for PAL receiver conventional, the conventional PAL receiver supports, by means of acute frequency rejection filtering in the luminance path, suppression of the cross-luminance perturbations in the case of synchronous color modulation, the quadrature modulated component is not decoded on the color carrier

the possibility of direct recording of the " Wide - Screen-PAL " in the PAL studio

Simple recovery of the " Wide-Screen-PAL " signals, since great stability is guaranteed over the color data sequence. FIG. 3 shows a " Wide-Screen -PAL " encoder. As original signals it is worth considering signs with the ratio of the sides of the 16: 9 image. These signs may originate from a progressive exploitation or a discrete line exploitation (eg 1250/50/1: 1, 1250/50/2: 1, 625/50/1: 1, 625/50/2: 1 , 525/601 /: 1 or 525/60/2: 1). For other source signals that do not correspond to the transmission standard, appropriate transcoding must be provided to signal a signal of the appropriate processing for the transmission standard. The information of the color extracts R, G, B waiting for the treatment with a ratio of the sides of the image from 16: 9 to the base of 625 lines i is first converted, 5 t

in a matrix (1), in the luminance component Y in the color components U and V: These signals of the components 16: 9 are then divided, in a separator circuit (2), into information signals of the 4: 3 medium and in the signals of the edges (16: 9), as shown in Fig. 4. Since the 4: 3 medium information constitutes only 3/4 of the 52 æ of an active line, it is necessary to expand this signal in time in the ratio 4/3 in order to generate a signal compatible with the normalized receptor with ratios geometric shapes. This is carried out by an expansion circuit (3). In the luminance path Y, a high band suppression filter (4) can then be inserted to prevent disturbances of color interference. Chrominance signals U and V are prefiltered on a low pass filter (5) for the horizontal frequencies fx, for example at 1.3 MHz (-3 dB) (according to the CCIR Recommendations). Then a vertical filtering is performed with a low-pass filter (6) of the vertical frequencies fy, which limits the vertical definition of the chrominance signals to 72 c / ph (cycles / image height). Thus, the vertical color definition has the same value as MAC (multiplexed analogue components). The theoretical requirement for the system of this vertical pre-filtration can be seen in fig. 2, in particular because in the case of mobile images, which cause an expansion of the spectral components in the ft direction, vertical overlap (" alias " vertical) of spectral areas is prevented.

The precordial signals are pre-fractured, and are brought to a conventional PAL modulator (7). The output signals of this PAL modulator (7) are the chrominance signals (Uf) and (Vf) that quadrature the PAL color carrier, which together with the Y signal adapted temporarily in a delay circuit (8 ) and, for example, a standardized synchronous signal, form a conventional FBAS signal. The junction of these signals is done in an adder circuit (9). The PAL modulator (7) uses, as a standard encoder, a color carrier OQ phase position for the modulation of the U component, which in the following will be designated Fu and the quadrature component V, in the following called Fv with a. phase position of +/- 909. Both the Fu and Fv color carriers are drawn from the PAL modulator (7) and are available for processing the " Wide-Screen PAL ". The 16: 9 margin information takes only 1/4 the total length of the 52-j range. The luminance signal Y is first taken to an expansion circuit 10 and temporarily expanded by a factor 4. Thereafter the signal arrives at a filtering device 11 which generates the components Y1 and Y2 as is shown in Fig. 5, for the signal of the basic band Y not temporarily expanded.

In a first embodiment, the filter circuit 11 generates signal Y2, which was limited to the vertical frequencies at 72c / ph and horizontally occupies a bandwidth of 1 MHz (basic band of 4 MHz , Figure 5) and the total propagation time of a line. After an adaptation of the propagation time at (12), the signal arrives at a time division multiplexer (" Timeplexer " (13)), wherein, together with the chrominance information, chrominance and luminance information.

The chrominance signals of the 16: 9 edge information are expanded in a compressor / expander (14) by factor 2 and then pre-filtered in a horizontal low-pass filter (15) for a basic bandwidth for example 500 KHz (corresponding to 250 KHz after the expansion). The U and V chrominance signals then traverse a vertical filter (16) that limits the vertical definition to 72 cps. The time multiplexer 13 then selects the chrominance signals U and V and the luminance signals Y2 in the manner indicated in Fig. 6. Chrominance signals U and V take respectively 50% of the time of a line, and luminance signals Y 100% of the time of a line. The luminance information Y2 is then fed to a linear modulator (17) which obtains, as a modulation frequency, the phase carrier Fu phase out of 909 in the phase shifter (18). The chrominance information U and V are introduced to feed another linear modulator (19), which receives, as a modulation frequency, the color carrier frequency Fv, offset from 909 in a defaulter.

(20). The signals with the frequency of the color carrier are then brought into dimmers 21 and 22, respectively, where the amplitudes can be reduced by a factor less than 1 to obtain better compatibility with the standard PAL receiver. Thereafter, the signals arrive at the additive circuit 9 and are associated with the output signals of the standardized PAL coding to obtain a FBAS-Wide-Screen-PAL signal. In a second embodiment, the vertical luminance definition of the edge regions is increased. Necessary components Y2, Y1, U and V are packaged in packets in the time multiplexer (13) as shown in Fig. In this case, the luminance component Y2 again takes up the entire length of a line, while the color components U and V each require 6.54 and the luminance component Y1 39 is. The broadband luminance component Y2 will modulate, in the linear modulator (17), the carrier Fu. The filtering device 11 again generates the components Y1 and Y2 according to fig.5. A complementary vertical filter 11a, in Figure 8, provides a Y2 component with a vertical resolution of 0-72 c / phe and a Y1 component with a setting of 72-144 c / ph. The luminance component Y2 is bounded in a horizontal filter (11b) at a bandwidth of 4 MHz (1 MHz time-expanded). The luminance component YI i shifts from that of 72 c / ph by means of a converter (11c), so that the vertical frequency range now extends from 0 to 72 c / / ph. After horizontal filtering at (lld), the signal Y1 ', with a basic bandwidth of 3 MHz (0.75MHz time-extended), then results. The chrominance information U and V of the 16: 9 margin signals take a total time of 13 p.s of the active lines. These signals, through a compressor / expansion (14), are expanded in time by a factor 2 and then driven to the low pass filter (15), which limits the basic band to 500 KHz horizontal resolution (1 MHz after compression ). Next comes a vertical filter (16). In the multiplexer has poral (13) the information packets are generated according to fig.7 (U / V, Y1 '). These packets modulate the color carrier Fv in the linear modulator (19). In FIG. 9, which represents a " Wide-Screen-PAL " decoder, the FBAS signal is firstly fed to a conventional PAL demodulator (23)

Y, U and V of the media information in the 4: 3 format. Chrominance signals U and V then traverse a vertical filter (34) and are filtered on a low-pass filter for 0-72 c / / ph. A delay circuit 24 adjusts the Y, U and V signals in time to the 16: 9 edge information signals. Then the FBAS signal passes through a band filter 25, which has a minimum bandwidth of 2 MHz and whose average frequency is at the frequency of the color carrier. A cadence pulse generator (26) retrieves the Fu and Fv color carriers from the color signal sequence contained in the FBAS signal, which are then fed to the 90Q (27) and (28) phase shifters. The cadence pulse generator also receives the unfiltered FBAS signal by the band filter to generate a command signal in synchronism with the lines (S). The color carrier signals, out of phase, feed demodulators 29 and 30 which, on the other hand, receive the filtered FBAS signal in the band filter. The signals of the demodulated components are then subjected to an amplification by a factor 1 / a greater than 1, corresponding to attenuation on the emission side, in the amplifiers 31 and 32. The amplifiers follow a vertical filter (33), which limits the signals to 0-72 cph. The signals arrive at a demultiplexer (35) and are separated into luminance and chrominance signals. A compressor / expander 36 compresses the chrominance signals to the first embodiment according to factor 2 for the duration of the edge information, while the luminance signal is compressed by a factor 4. In a memory device 37, the signals are then available during one line for reading.

A selector 38 is controlled via the command signal S and establishes links in a demodulation matrix (" Dematri ") (39), with the time sequence of the information of the margins and the information of the medium, for passage of the signals YUV, these signals being converted, in said matrix, into RGB signals.

In the second embodiment, the luminance information is constituted by the components Y1 'and Y2. FIG. 10 shows a device for joining luminaires according to FIG. 5.9

The receive side demultiplexer (35) provides the two siects of the components Y. The component Y 'is expanded, in an expansion circuit (40) for the duration of an active line of 52 cycles, and after conversion to the band of vertical frequencies 72-144 c / ph, by means of a converter (41), is added, in an adder circuit (42), to the component Y2.

A luminance definition according to Fig. 5.

The chrominance components U and V, which take only 6.5 p.s each, of the length of a line, are expanded in the compressor / expander (36) by a factor 2 for the duration of the margins information. Subsequent processing of the YUV signals by the part of the circuit 37 to 39 is done as described for the first embodiment.

In a third embodiment the luminance signal components of the high horizontal Frequency Luminance total information missing due to the expansion of the image format are separated and also modulate the color information U and V. The high luminance information frequency Y * to be transmitted can be separated from the total luminance information Y with a circuit according to fig. 11. The luminance Y is brought to a low-pass filter (TP1), whereby the luminance signal is filtered by the low-pass filter, adapted by a delay circuit (110), subtracted from the luminance signal Y. The is shown in Fig. 12.

The frequencies chosen, as an example, in Fig. 12 advantageously satisfy the requirement of an increased luminance setting in the same ratio as the ratio of the sides of the image. If we start from the digital studio luminance definition according to CCIR Recommendation 601, which is 6.75 MHz, and also a transmission channel with the 5 MHz bandwidth, then a value of 5 MHz x (16: 9) / (4: 3) equals 6.67 MHz for the total bandwidth of the luminance signal to be transmitted. The flanks of the low pass filter (TP1) must lie within the 0 dB bandwidth of the transmission channel and will be, for example, a Nyquist flank, which is symmetrical in relation to 4.5 MHz.

Due to the complementary splitting of the web according to FIG. 11, the flank movement does not necessarily have to correspond to a Nyquist flank. FIG. 13 shows, in a specific embodiment, a first possibility of modulation and filtering for the transmission of luminance Y * as well as its restitution. The signal Y * according to fig. 13a is displaced by modulation, for example, with 6.75 MHz, to the spectral position according to FIG. 13b. The resulting 13.5 MHz components may be filtered through a low pass filter (TP2), or be eliminated by the transmission channel, before transposing the spectrum according to Fig. 13b, for example by quadrature modulation, of the U-component with the carrier f *. The carrier f * with a fixed phase and a rotated phase of +/- 909 i consists of the two output signals of the phase shifter 18 and 19 in Fig. 3 of the first or second embodiments. FIG. 13c shows that, in the case of the tfansmis are compatible of the luminance component Y * with the bandwidth B (Figure 13a), a trans bandwidth is required. The high-band suppression filter (130) indicated in the luminance branch of the standard PAL receiver shows that the additional luminance information in the incompatible only reception is eliminated, so that crossed luminance.

At the 16: 9 receiver, another modulation with f * leads the spectrum according to Fig. 13c to a position as shown in FIG. 13d. This position corresponds to the filtered signal in the low-pass filter according to fig. 13b. The signal spectrum according to Fig. 13b is transposed by means of a new 6.75 MHz modulation into a position according to FIG. 13e.

A low-pass filter filters the desired component Y *, which is then associated with the luminance spectrum transmitted in the basic band, i.e., in the original position, to form the total broad band spectra Y (Figure 12a). The high frequency components of signal U and V can be processed in a manner corresponding to that of Y * and modulate as U * and V * the carrier of component V.

A second modulation and filtering possibility for the compatible transmission and recovery of the luminance component Y * is shown in Fig. 14. The high luminance frequency component Y * is again formed with a circuit as shown in Fig. 11 according to fig. 12. If we consider Y * as a luminance component in the baseband transposed by a modulation with f ^ to the position indicated in Fig. 14a, then Y * can be transposed, by one more modulation with f ^ - f *, into the desired frequency band for the compatible transmission.

The spectral components which result in the modulation with ff - f - f can be eliminated by filtering on a low - pass filter (TP4) or the transmission channel for f - 2fn - f (Fig. 14b). FIG. 14c shows that, for compatible transmission of Y *, only a bandwidth B lying at the center of the standard PAL receiver band suppression filter (140) is required. Advantageously, this eliminates cross-luminance interference at the compatible reception. The 16: 9 receiver restores, by means of one or more modulation with f *. the component Y * in its original position according to Fig. 14d. To the spectral components that appear in the modulation for a high-pass filter.

An advantageous value for f is obtained when f is a multiple of the frequency of the color carrier f (corresponding to the signals of phase shifters 18 and 19), because then the synchronization in the receiving apparatus can be effected through of the sequence of the color signals. For example, f-ι can have the value (5/4). f. If the division of the band

L SC according to fig. 14, so that the low pass filter has flanks symmetrical with respect to the carrier of the color carrier and can be advantageously used as a phase reference for the mutual union of the spectral components in the 16: 9 receptor. A corresponding process for the formation of a reference phase is known from patent P 34 15 271.1.

Since, as already described, the color components U and V should only be modulated with components 12

of the spectrum which have no higher freeze setting than 72 c / ph, in order to avoid & alias " vertical image in the case of moving pictures (Figure 2), it is desirable, for the harmonization of the vertical setting on the standard receiver and the 16: 9 receiver, to expand the vertical setting beyond 72 cps in the high frequency component of the luminance of the 16: 9 receiver. FIG. 15 shows a correspondingly high vertical band limitation of the luminance components according to fig. 2. The vertical definition was limited to 144 c / ph, as allowed by systems theory (sampling theorem), in the case of a discontinuous sampling of 625 samples. 15 can be divided by complementary vertical filtration into a part Y ^ and a part Y2 * while Y ^ *, due to the expansion of 0 to 72 c / ph, can directly modulate the components U and V of the (72 c / ph to 144 c / ph) has first to be moved upright in order to also occupy the range of 0 to 72 c / ph. A corresponding process for the second embodiment has already been described with reference to fig. 3,5,7,8,9 and 10 for Y2 and Y4 '.

In a fourth embodiment the additional information quadrature modulating the U and / or V components is constituted by an auxiliary signal that favors progressive representation in the receiving apparatus. it is known that a progressive representation naturally prevents the flicker effect (25 Hz scintillation) as well as line drift of the line shift system, thus leading to a better vertical visual definition. In the publication " ACTV. Advan ced Compatible Television- Vorschlag fi le eine neue, Kompatible Breitbild-Fernsehnorm ftir di USA ", by H. Weckenbrock and W.Wedam Fernseh-und Kinotechnik, 42 Jahrgang, Nr 7/88, discloses obtaining such an auxiliary signal . Progressive representation with the aid of an auxiliary signal which modulated the color carrier as described for the other embodiments can be performed for 4: 3 standard receivers, 16: 9 receivers, 16: 9 receivers with higher definition of luminance,

Claims (1)

I a receiver or a color television transmission system corresponding to the patent P 39 12 470.3, in which an additional signal is transmitted in the voids of the vertical holding. Wool - Color television transmission system for the transmission and reception of standard television signals in particular with a first 4: 3 picture format, with additional information added to the standard television signal which in particular may contain information about a second 16: 9 image format that is receivable by a receiver that decodes the additional information, characterized in that the standard television signal is a PAL signal and in that the additional information is modulated on the information (U, V) in the PAL signal in such a way that the spectral spaces of the color information (U, V) are doubly occupied. - A color television transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional information contains the television signals of a second television, image format corresponding to the bands of the image that laterally surpass a first image format. - A color television transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, on the side of the emission, a television signal having a larger bandwidth is generated than that of the standardized television signal, to use for the components of the television signal that exceed the standard frequency television signal higher frequency as additional information. 4. A color television transmission system according to claim 1, 2 and / or 3, characterized in that the additional information is modulated by a time multi-tiplex process in a band of basic band frequencies in the color information (U, V). 5. A color television transmission system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the double occupancy of the spectral spaces of the color information (U, V) is formed by a quadrature modulation, the phase of the carrier information for the additional information rotated respectively at an angle equal to 909 with respect to the carrier phase of the color information (U, V). 6. A color television transmission system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional signals are divided into parts with a larger bandwidth and parts with a smaller bandwidth and the parts with the same higher bandwidth occupies doubly the spectral space of component U and the parts with smaller bandwidth the spectral space of component V by an appropriate quadrature modulation. 15 A color television transmission system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional information is reduced by the amplitude of the emission side, said amplitude being increased by the reception side. 8. A color television transmission system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional information is pre-filtered vertically prior to transmission and, in the receiver, is again appropriately filtered. 9. A color television transmission system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional information is compressed or time-expanded in the transmitter and correspondingly expanded or time-compressed in the receiver to the second format. 10. A color television transmission system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the luminance signals and / or chrominance signals (fig. 2) of the normalized signal are pre-filtered vertically before streaming. - 11§. The color television transmission system according to claim 8, characterized in that the portions of the additional information ((Y1) in Figure 5 and Y2 * in Figure 15) with the highest vertical frequency (72 to 144 c / ph ( cycles / v / height of the image) in Figures 5 and 15 are converted, before being transferred to their spectral range, in particular * by means of a modulation, in another frequency range, in. (0 to 72 c / ph in Figures 5 and 15), and are 16 placed in the receiver again according to their original spectral bands (72 to 144 c / ph in Figures 5 and 15.) - A color television transmission system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional information is filtered horizontally before the transmission and again appropriately filtered at the receiver. The color television transmission system according to claim 12, characterized in that the parts of the additional information with horizontal frequency (Y * in Figure 13a) are converted, prior to their transfer into their spectral range, in particular by means of a modulation, into a further frequency range, in particular a lower frequency range (Figure 13c) and are The television transmission system according to Claims 5 and 13, characterized in that the conversion of the first and second portions of the receiver into the original spectral range (Figure 13e). of the additional information with higher vertical frequency (Y * in Fig. 14a) by modulating a frequency which can be generated at the receiver with a precise phase to be performed, in particular, at a frequency which is formed by the difference between the frequency of the color information carrier (UV) multiplied by a factor and the frequency of the carrier of the additional information, the factor being constituted by the resolution of two integers, and in that, through a low-pass filter, disturbing spectra are separated, in particular through the transmission channel (Figure 14b) and in the receiver, the arrangement of the parts of the additional higher frequency information (Figure 14c) in the original position (Figure 14a) is restored by a modulation by means of a modulation with frequency equal to the frequency of modulation before 17 of the transmission, the parts of the additional information of higher frequencies (Y * in Figure 14 d) being obtained by a separation then made by means of an alt-pass filter (Figure 14d). The applicant claims the priorities of the German applications lodged on 7 December 1988 and 10 August 1989, under Nos. P 38 41 073.7 and P 38 26 388.6, respectively. Lisbon, December 6, 1989 © FBDEAJL · líí. E? S®? 3SE3SAEI'3 ΙΠ3ϋ £ 3ΜΑ1Εί 18 -