NO327898B1 - NOx reduction on marine diesel engines - Google Patents
NOx reduction on marine diesel engines Download PDFInfo
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- NO327898B1 NO327898B1 NO20071519A NO20071519A NO327898B1 NO 327898 B1 NO327898 B1 NO 327898B1 NO 20071519 A NO20071519 A NO 20071519A NO 20071519 A NO20071519 A NO 20071519A NO 327898 B1 NO327898 B1 NO 327898B1
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- air
- nitrogen
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- oxygen
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
- C01B13/0251—Physical processing only by making use of membranes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
- F02B47/04—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
- C01B2210/0046—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Et system og fremgangsmåte for reduksjon av NOx-utslipp fra en dieselmotor omfattende å danne en ladeluft til forsyning av motoren ved å blande en nitrogenrik luft med en atmosfærisk luftstrøm før blandingen benyttes som ladeluften i et brennkammer i motoren. Den nitrogenrike luften oppnås fra en atmosfærisk gass, hvor gassen separeres i en nitrogenanriket strøm og en oksygenanriket strøm i en luftseparasjonsanordning.A system and method for reducing NOx emissions from a diesel engine comprising generating a charge air to supply the engine by mixing a nitrogen rich air with an atmospheric air flow before using the mixture as the charging air in a combustion chamber of the engine. The nitrogen-rich air is obtained from an atmospheric gas, where the gas is separated into a nitrogen-enriched stream and an oxygen-enriched stream into an air separation device.
Description
Et system og en fremgangsmåte for reduksjon av NOx-utslipp. A system and method for reducing NOx emissions.
Introduksjon Introduction
Protokollen for reduksjonen av forsuring, overgjødsling og bakkenært ozonnivå The protocol for the reduction of acidification, over-fertilisation and ground-level ozone levels
(Gøteborgprotokollen) ble vedtatt i 1999.1 henhold til protokollen skal Norge redusere utslippene av NOx til 156.0000 tonn innen 2010. Lite fremskritt har per 2007 vært gjort. Bidraget fra dieselmotorer som benyttes i kysttrafikk og i fiskeindustrien var omtrent 40 % av det totale NOx-utslippet i Norge i 2004, og dermed bør en stor del av innsatsen i forbindelse med reduksjonen av NOx-utslippene gjøres på dette området. NOx-utslipp fra dieselmotorer skyldes hovedsakelig den termiske NOx-dannelsesmekanismen. Dermed vil en redusert forbrenningskammertemperatur resultere i en reduksjon av NO„-utslippene. Den foreliggende oppfinnelsen søker å redusere temperaturen i forbrenningskammeret ved å tilveiebringe et separat (The Gothenburg Protocol) was adopted in 1999.1 according to the protocol, Norway must reduce emissions of NOx to 156,0000 tonnes by 2010. As of 2007, little progress has been made. The contribution from diesel engines used in coastal traffic and in the fishing industry was approximately 40% of the total NOx emissions in Norway in 2004, and thus a large part of the efforts in connection with the reduction of NOx emissions should be made in this area. NOx emissions from diesel engines are mainly due to the thermal NOx formation mechanism. Thus, a reduced combustion chamber temperature will result in a reduction of NO„ emissions. The present invention seeks to reduce the temperature in the combustion chamber by providing a separate
kompressor/luftseparasjonssystem slik at nitrogenanriket luft blandes med ladeluften før ladeluften injiseres i forbrenningskammeret. Ved å redusere oksygeninnholdet i ladeluften oppnås en reduksjon i forbrenningstemperaturen. compressor/air separation system so that nitrogen-enriched air is mixed with the charge air before the charge air is injected into the combustion chamber. By reducing the oxygen content in the charge air, a reduction in the combustion temperature is achieved.
Bakgrunnsteknikk Background technology
Mange innfallsvinkler for å redusere NCVutslippene fra dieselmotorer har vært foreslått. Many approaches to reducing NCV emissions from diesel engines have been proposed.
I US5960777 foreslår Nemser å sparere ladeluften inn i en oksygenanriket strøm og en nitrogenanriket strøm ved anvendelse av et luftseparasjonssystem omfattende en membran. Den oksygenanrikede luften kan forsynes til motoren når denne startes og den nitrogenanrikede luften kan forsynes til motoren når motoren er i stabil driftstilstand. Imidlertid må all ladeluften i henhold til US5960777 passere igjennom luftseparasjonsenheten. In US5960777, Nemser proposes to save the charge air into an oxygen-enriched stream and a nitrogen-enriched stream by using an air separation system comprising a membrane. The oxygen-enriched air can be supplied to the engine when it is started and the nitrogen-enriched air can be supplied to the engine when the engine is in a stable operating condition. However, according to US5960777 all charge air must pass through the air separation unit.
US6173567 og US5649517 viser et system for forsyning av nitrogenanrikede eller oksygenanrikede luftstrømmer til en dieselmotor. I henhold til de viste oppfinnelsene må imidlertid hele ladeluftstrømmen separeres i to strømmer etter å ha blitt komprimert av motorens turbolader. Dette kan på en negativ måte påvirke motorens ytelse. US6173567 and US5649517 show a system for supplying nitrogen-enriched or oxygen-enriched air streams to a diesel engine. According to the inventions shown, however, the entire charge air stream must be separated into two streams after being compressed by the engine's turbocharger. This can negatively affect the engine's performance.
US6453893 viser et tilsvarende system som US5649517 og US6173567 hvor all ladeluften føres over en luftseparasjonsenhet. US6453893 shows a similar system to US5649517 and US6173567 where all the charge air is passed over an air separation unit.
EP1176291 viser et system for reduksjon av nitrogenoksider i en dieselmotor som kan redusere nitrogenoksidet i en eksosgass til dieselmotoren, Det benyttes en nitrogengassgenererende anordning for å øke konsentrasjonen av nitrogen i luften som forsynes til motoren, EP1176291 shows a system for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in a diesel engine which can reduce the nitrogen oxide in an exhaust gas of the diesel engine. A nitrogen gas generating device is used to increase the concentration of nitrogen in the air supplied to the engine,
JP63124829 viser en anordning innrettet til å redusere utslippene av skadelige forbindelser fra en motor. Dette oppnås ved å montere en filmtype nitrogenanrikende anordning på et innløpssystem og å forsyne innmatingsluft generert ved å forsterke den atmosfæriske luften. JP63124829 shows a device adapted to reduce the emissions of harmful compounds from an engine. This is achieved by mounting a film type nitrogen enrichment device on an inlet system and supplying feed air generated by boosting the atmospheric air.
WO00/31386 viser en anordning og metode for reduksjon av eksosgass fra en motor. Den viste anordningen er en membran som separerer nitrogen og oksygen i inntaksluften. WO00/31386 shows a device and method for reducing exhaust gas from an engine. The device shown is a membrane that separates nitrogen and oxygen in the intake air.
En egen tilnærming til å løse problemstillingen har vært å resirkulere en andel av eksosgassen. Imidlertid er det store ulemper med denne fremgangsmåten ettersom eksosgassen vanligvis omfatter en gitt andel partikler samt at eksosgassen er varm. For at en dieselmotor skal fungere effektivt bør ladeluften være ved lav temperatur slik at man muliggjør en stor termisk ekspansjon. A separate approach to solving the problem has been to recycle a proportion of the exhaust gas. However, there are major disadvantages with this method as the exhaust gas usually comprises a given proportion of particles and the exhaust gas is hot. For a diesel engine to work efficiently, the charge air should be at a low temperature so that a large thermal expansion is possible.
Kort sammendrag av oppfinnelsen Brief summary of the invention
Den foreliggende oppfinnelsen søker å løse i det minste enkelte av svakhetene ved bakgrunnsteknikken og omfatter et system for reduksjon av NOx-utslipp fra en dieselmotor, hvor dieselmotoren forsynes med en ladeluft og en dieselstrøm for forbrenning i et forbrenningskammer. Dieselmotoren omfatter en turbolader tilkoblet en første kompressor innrettet til å forsyne komprimert luft til forbrenningskammeret. En atmosfærisk luftstrøm er innrettet til å bli komprimert av en andre kompressor atskilt fra dieselmotoren. En luftseparasjonsenhet er innrettet til å separere den atmosfæriske luftstrømmen inn i nitrogenanriket strøm og en oksygenanriket strøm, hvor den nitrogeninneholdende strømmen er innrettet for å blandes med ladeluftstrømmen hvorved oksygenprosenten i ladeluften reduseres og dermed at NOx-utslippene fra dieselmotorene reduseres. The present invention seeks to solve at least some of the weaknesses of the background technology and comprises a system for reducing NOx emissions from a diesel engine, where the diesel engine is supplied with a charge air and a diesel flow for combustion in a combustion chamber. The diesel engine comprises a turbocharger connected to a first compressor arranged to supply compressed air to the combustion chamber. An atmospheric air stream is arranged to be compressed by a second compressor separate from the diesel engine. An air separation unit is arranged to separate the atmospheric air stream into a nitrogen-enriched stream and an oxygen-enriched stream, where the nitrogen-containing stream is arranged to mix with the charge air stream whereby the percentage of oxygen in the charge air is reduced and thus the NOx emissions from the diesel engines are reduced.
Metoden omfatter videre en fremgangsmåte for reduksjon av NOx-utslipp fra en dieselmotor hvori dieselmotoren forsynes med en strøm av ladeluft og en dieselstrøm, hvor dieselstrømmen er innrettet til å forbrennes i et forbrenningskammer, hvor en første kompressor komprimerer ladeluften før ladeluften injiseres i forbrenningskammeret, hvor en luftseparasjonsenhet separerer en atmosfærisk luftstrøm i en nitrogenanriket strøm og en oksygenanriket strøm hvor den nitrogenanrikede strømmen blandes med ladeluften slik at oksygenprosenten i ladeluften reduseres og dermed reduserer NOx-utslippene fra dieselmotoren. The method further comprises a method for reducing NOx emissions from a diesel engine in which the diesel engine is supplied with a stream of charge air and a diesel stream, where the diesel stream is arranged to be burned in a combustion chamber, where a first compressor compresses the charge air before the charge air is injected into the combustion chamber, where an air separation unit separates an atmospheric air stream into a nitrogen-enriched stream and an oxygen-enriched stream where the nitrogen-enriched stream is mixed with the charge air so that the percentage of oxygen in the charge air is reduced and thus reduces the NOx emissions from the diesel engine.
Øvrige fordelaktige utførelser av oppfinnelsen er beskrevet i de vedføyde uavhengige krav. Other advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the attached independent claims.
Figuroverskrifter. Figure headings.
Fig. 1 beskriver effekten av reduksjonen av NOx-utslippene når oksygeninnholdet i ladeluften reduseres. Fig. 2 viser en sammenligning av forskjellige diluenter i ladeluften ved reduksjonen av NOx-utslipp. Fig. 3 er en illustrasjon av en utførelse av oppfinnelsen hvor en egen diluentlinje er innrettet for å separere atmosfærisk luft (13) i en oksygenanriket (14) og en nitrogenanriket (15) strøm, hvor den nitrogenanrikede strømmen er innrettet til å blandes med en ladeluftstrøm (12) før blandingen injiseres i forbrenningskammet (4) til dieselmotoren (1). I denne utførelsen av oppfinnelsen utføres blandingen etter at den atmosfæriske hovedluftstrømmen (12) er blitt komprimert. Fig. 4 er en illustrasjon av en utførelse av oppfinnelsen hvor en egen diluentlinje er innrettet til å separere atmosfærisk luft (13) i en oksygenanriket (14) og en nitrogenanriket strøm (15) hvor den nitrogenanrikede strømmen (15) er innrettet til å bli blandet med en ladeluftstrøm (12) før blandingen injiseres i forbrenningskammeret (4) til dieselmotoren (1). I denne utførelsen av oppfinnelsen blir den nitrogenanrikede strømmen (15) innført i den atmosfæriske inntaksluftstrømmen (12) før den første kompressoren (2). Fig. 1 describes the effect of the reduction of NOx emissions when the oxygen content in the charge air is reduced. Fig. 2 shows a comparison of different diluents in the charge air for the reduction of NOx emissions. Fig. 3 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention where a separate diluent line is arranged to separate atmospheric air (13) into an oxygen-enriched (14) and a nitrogen-enriched (15) stream, where the nitrogen-enriched stream is arranged to mix with a charge air flow (12) before the mixture is injected into the combustion chamber (4) of the diesel engine (1). In this embodiment of the invention, the mixing is carried out after the main atmospheric air stream (12) has been compressed. Fig. 4 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention where a separate diluent line is arranged to separate atmospheric air (13) into an oxygen-enriched (14) and a nitrogen-enriched stream (15) where the nitrogen-enriched stream (15) is arranged to be mixed with a charge air stream (12) before the mixture is injected into the combustion chamber (4) of the diesel engine (1). In this embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen-enriched stream (15) is introduced into the atmospheric intake air stream (12) before the first compressor (2).
Utførelser i henhold til oppfinnelsen Embodiments according to the invention
Oppfinnelsen skal i det videre beskrives med henvisning til de vedlagte figurene. Selv om eksempler gis i beskrivelsen som følger skal ikke disse eksemplene virke begrensende i forhold til oppfinnelsen, oppfinnelsen skal omfatte alle varianter av oppfinnelsen som er åpenbare for en fagmann på området. The invention shall be further described with reference to the attached figures. Although examples are given in the description that follows, these examples shall not be restrictive in relation to the invention, the invention shall include all variants of the invention which are obvious to a person skilled in the field.
Oppfinnelsen omfatter et system for reduksjon av NOx-utslipp fra en dieselmotor (1). Dieselmotorer (1) fungerer i henhold til et antenningssystem ved kompresjon hvor komprimert atmosfærisk innmatingsluft (12) og dieselbrensel (11) forsynes til et forbrenningskammer (4), hvor dieselen (11) og den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) reagerer eksotermt og den resulterende eksosgassen (16) siden ekspanderes i sylindrene og dermed utfører arbeid på stemplene som omvandles til rotasjonsarbeid på veivakslingen. På motorer utstyrt med en såkalt turbolader (TC) fortsetter eksosgassen gjennom TC-turbinen (3) for å drive TC-kompressoren (2) for kompresjon av ladeluften (12) og dermed øke tettheten til ladeluften. Kompresjonen av den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) er dermed vanligvis direkte knyttet til motoren (1) ved et turboladersystem. The invention includes a system for reducing NOx emissions from a diesel engine (1). Diesel engines (1) operate according to a compression ignition system where compressed atmospheric feed air (12) and diesel fuel (11) are supplied to a combustion chamber (4), where the diesel (11) and the atmospheric feed air (12) react exothermically and the resulting exhaust gas (16) since it is expanded in the cylinders and thus performs work on the pistons which is converted into rotational work on the crankshaft. On engines equipped with a so-called turbocharger (TC), the exhaust gas continues through the TC turbine (3) to drive the TC compressor (2) for compression of the charge air (12) and thus increase the density of the charge air. The compression of the atmospheric feed air (12) is thus usually directly linked to the engine (1) by a turbocharger system.
Dieselolje reagerer med luft i henhold til reaksjonsmekanismen nedenfor. Produktene som er opplistet er hovedproduktene i reaksjonen: Ci6H30+ 23,5 (02 + 79/21 N2) -> 16 C02 + 15 H20 + 23,5 (79/21) N2Diesel oil reacts with air according to the reaction mechanism below. The products listed are the main products of the reaction: Ci6H30+ 23.5 (02 + 79/21 N2) -> 16 C02 + 15 H20 + 23.5 (79/21) N2
I tillegg til de ovenfornevnte "hovedproduktene" vil det alltid bli sluppet ut en gitt mengde sideprodukter slik som NOx, CO og ikke-reagert dieselolje (gjeme anført som UHC (eng: Unburnt Hydrocarbons) samt partikulater. De viktigste faktorene som styrer NOx-dannelsesraten er In addition to the above-mentioned "main products", a given amount of by-products such as NOx, CO and unreacted diesel oil (also listed as UHC (eng: Unburnt Hydrocarbons)) as well as particulates will always be released. The most important factors that control the NOx formation rate is
1. Temperatutrilstanden i motoren (1) 1. The temperature reading in the engine (1)
2. Tidsrommet hvor N2 og 02 i forbrenningsluften utsettes for høy temperatur 2. The period of time where N2 and 02 in the combustion air are exposed to high temperature
2. Mengden overskytende oksygen som tilføres motoren. 2. The amount of excess oxygen supplied to the engine.
Tidligere tilnærminger til NOx-reduksjon har vært konsentrert om tiltak for å redusere enten 02-nivåene i ladeluften eller ved reduksjon av temperaturen ved hvilken dieselen reagerer. En første tilnærming er å resirkulere eksosgassen (16) fra motoren til den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) ettersom eksosgassen (15) er oksygenredusert. Dette vil gi en atmosfærisk innmatingsluft (12) som har et lavere oksygennivå og som dermed gir en lavere forbrenningstemperatur. Imidlertid nødvendiggjør dette kjøling av den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) og det er tekniske problemer knyttet til partikulater i eksosen (16). Membranseparasjonssystemer hvor ladeluften blir separert i to strømmer og hvor en andel av ladeluften blir separert i en oksygenanriket strøm og en nitrogenanriket strøm har vært foreslått. Imidlertid har slike systemer vært basert på ett enkelt ladeluftinnløp hvor ladeluften komprimeres ved bruk av kompressoren (2) og siden løper over membranen for separasjon. Dermed er mengden ladeluft som behandles avhengig av motorytelsen og lite separasjon er mulig ved lav motorkraft. Previous approaches to NOx reduction have concentrated on measures to reduce either the 02 levels in the charge air or by reducing the temperature at which the diesel reacts. A first approach is to recycle the exhaust gas (16) from the engine to the atmospheric feed air (12) as the exhaust gas (15) is oxygen-reduced. This will give an atmospheric feed air (12) which has a lower oxygen level and which thus gives a lower combustion temperature. However, this necessitates cooling of the atmospheric feed air (12) and there are technical problems related to particulate matter in the exhaust (16). Membrane separation systems where the charge air is separated into two streams and where a proportion of the charge air is separated into an oxygen-enriched stream and a nitrogen-enriched stream have been proposed. However, such systems have been based on a single charge air inlet where the charge air is compressed using the compressor (2) and then runs over the membrane for separation. Thus, the amount of charge air that is processed depends on the engine performance and little separation is possible at low engine power.
Det finnes forskjellige dieselstandarder og krav i kraft i dag som avhenger av den gitte anvendelsen. Marine dieseloljer er vanligvis tyngre og mindre rene enn dieseloljer til bruk i bil og gir dermed en eksos (16) som har et høyere innhold av partikulater. Standardene og kravene for dieselolje for landbaserte operasjoner er strengere, vanligvis grunnet strengere utslippskrav. There are different diesel standards and requirements in force today that depend on the given application. Marine diesel oils are usually heavier and less clean than diesel oils for use in cars and thus produce an exhaust (16) that has a higher content of particulates. The standards and requirements for diesel oil for land-based operations are stricter, usually due to stricter emission requirements.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelsen omfatter innføringen av en andre luftstrøm (13) som komprimeres ved bruk av en andre kompressor (5) hvor den andre luftstrømmen (5) ikke avhenger av motorytelsen. Den andre luftstrømmen (13) forsynes til et luftseparasjonssystem (6) hvor strømmen (13) separeres i en nitrogenanriket strøm (15) og en oksygenanriket strøm (14). Den nitrogenanrikede strømmen (15) blandes så med den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12), og den resulterende blandingen vil ha et lavere oksygeninnhold enn den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) Denne blandingen (12,15) blir siden forsynt til forbrenningskammeret og vil gi både en lavere forbrenningstemperatur, og viktigere, et lavere overskuddsnivå av oksygen i ladeluften enn det som hadde vært mulig ved bruk av ublandet ladeluft, og vil dermed resultere i en reduksjon av NOx-utslipp fra motoren (1). Illustrasjoner av utførelser i henhold til oppfinnelsen er vist i figurene 3 og 4. Figur 3 viser at blandingen av den nitrogenanrikede strømmen (15) og den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) blir gjort før den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) komprimeres i kompressoren (2). Ved blanding før den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) komprimeres vil motoren motta samme mengde ladeluft som om den nitrogenanrikede strømmen (15) ikke hadde vært blandet inn i den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12). Fig. 4 illustrerer at iblandingen av den nitrogenanrikede strømmen (15) med den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) blir gjort etter at den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) er komprimert i den første kompressoren (2). I denne utførelsen av oppfinnelsen nødvendiggjøres en wastegate (9) i motorsystemet slik at overskytende luft kan slippes ut av systemet. The present invention comprises the introduction of a second air flow (13) which is compressed using a second compressor (5) where the second air flow (5) does not depend on the engine performance. The second air stream (13) is supplied to an air separation system (6) where the stream (13) is separated into a nitrogen-enriched stream (15) and an oxygen-enriched stream (14). The nitrogen-enriched stream (15) is then mixed with the atmospheric feed air (12), and the resulting mixture will have a lower oxygen content than the atmospheric feed air (12). This mixture (12,15) is then supplied to the combustion chamber and will provide both a lower combustion temperature, and more importantly, a lower excess level of oxygen in the charge air than would have been possible using unmixed charge air, and will thus result in a reduction of NOx emissions from the engine (1). Illustrations of embodiments according to the invention are shown in figures 3 and 4. Figure 3 shows that the mixing of the nitrogen-enriched stream (15) and the atmospheric feed air (12) is done before the atmospheric feed air (12) is compressed in the compressor (2). By mixing before the atmospheric feed air (12) is compressed, the engine will receive the same amount of charge air as if the nitrogen-enriched stream (15) had not been mixed into the atmospheric feed air (12). Fig. 4 illustrates that the mixing of the nitrogen-enriched stream (15) with the atmospheric feed air (12) is done after the atmospheric feed air (12) has been compressed in the first compressor (2). In this embodiment of the invention, a wastegate (9) is required in the engine system so that excess air can be released from the system.
I en utførelse av oppfinnelsen omfatter luftseparasjonssystemet (6) et membransystem (61) hvor membranen (62) i systemet er en såkalt oksygenselektiv membran. Slike membraner er velkjente på området og kan omfatte enhver kombinasjon av membransystemer inklusive membranhus og membrantyper slik som det vil være åpenbart for en fagmann på området. Andre luftseparasjonssystemer slik som pressure swing adsorbere kan anvendes slik som vil være klart for en fagmann på området. In one embodiment of the invention, the air separation system (6) comprises a membrane system (61) where the membrane (62) in the system is a so-called oxygen-selective membrane. Such membranes are well known in the field and can comprise any combination of membrane systems including membrane housings and membrane types as will be obvious to a person skilled in the field. Other air separation systems such as pressure swing adsorbers can be used as will be clear to a person skilled in the art.
Med henvisning til fig. 1 kan det sees at det relative utslippet av NOx faller når oksygenkonsentrasjonen til den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) reduseres. Dermed vil en liten reduksjon i oksygeninnholdet i den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) kunne resultere i en signifikant reduksjon i NOx-utslippene. Mengden nitrogenanriket gass (15) for forsyning for innblanding med den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12) er åpenbart en funksjon av i hvilken grad man reduserer oksygeninnholdet i den nitrogenanrikede luften. Tabellen nedenfor viser hvor mye nitrogen ved vekt som må tilsettes for å oppnå en ønsket oksygenkonsentrasjon i blandingen. With reference to fig. 1 it can be seen that the relative emission of NOx falls when the oxygen concentration of the atmospheric feed air (12) is reduced. Thus, a small reduction in the oxygen content of the atmospheric feed air (12) could result in a significant reduction in NOx emissions. The quantity of nitrogen-enriched gas (15) for supply for mixing with the atmospheric feed air (12) is obviously a function of the extent to which the oxygen content of the nitrogen-enriched air is reduced. The table below shows how much nitrogen by weight must be added to achieve a desired oxygen concentration in the mixture.
I en utførelse av oppfinnelsen er oksygeninnholdet i den nitrogenanrikede gassen (12) mellom omtrent 0 % og omtrent 18 % ved vekt. In one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen content of the nitrogen-enriched gas (12) is between about 0% and about 18% by weight.
I en utførelse av oppfinnelsen er et blandekammer (7) innrettet til å blande strømmene (12,15) før injeksjon av blandingen inn i forbrenningskammeret. Blandekammeret (7) kan være av enhver utforming eller tilstand som er egnet for blanding av strømmen og kan omfatte gitter, ventiler og tilsvarende som innlysende for en fagmann på området. In one embodiment of the invention, a mixing chamber (7) is arranged to mix the streams (12,15) before injecting the mixture into the combustion chamber. The mixing chamber (7) can be of any design or condition that is suitable for mixing the flow and can include grids, valves and the like as is obvious to a person skilled in the field.
I mange situasjoner vil det være en fordel at luften som skal injiseres i forbrenningskammeret blir kjølt ned før injeksjon ettersom luften ofte har vært utsatt for kompresjon og dermed er varm. Et kjølesystem (8) kan dermed være innrettet for kjøling av luften før injeksjonen inn i forbrenningskammeret (4). For marine dieselmotorer er denne konfigurasjonen vanlig. In many situations, it will be an advantage for the air to be injected into the combustion chamber to be cooled before injection, as the air has often been subjected to compression and is thus hot. A cooling system (8) can thus be arranged for cooling the air before the injection into the combustion chamber (4). For marine diesel engines, this configuration is common.
I en utførelse i henhold til oppfinnelsen er systemet tilpasset for bruk i marine anvendelser. Marine dieselbrensler er ofte både tyngre og mindre rene og de resulterende eksosutslippene er mer ladet i sot og partikulater. Dermed vil eksosresirkulasjon resultere i en større grad av forurensning av selve motoren. Et system i henhold til oppfinnelsen vil dermed fremvise fordeler overfor slik eksosresirkuleringssystemer. In an embodiment according to the invention, the system is adapted for use in marine applications. Marine diesel fuels are often both heavier and less clean and the resulting exhaust emissions are more loaded with soot and particulates. Thus, exhaust recirculation will result in a greater degree of pollution of the engine itself. A system according to the invention will thus exhibit advantages over such exhaust recirculation systems.
For å styre strømmen av den nitrogenanrikede strømmen (15) kan en reguleringsenhet være innrettet til å måle oksygeninnholdet og strømningsraten til den atmosfæriske innmatingsluften (12), og avhengig av det ønskede oksygeninnholdet til luften som skal forsynes motoren (1) forsyne den nødvendige mengden avnitrogenanriket strøm (15) ved den ønskede konsentrasjon. In order to control the flow of the nitrogen-enriched stream (15), a control unit may be arranged to measure the oxygen content and the flow rate of the atmospheric feed air (12), and depending on the desired oxygen content of the air to be supplied to the engine (1) supply the required amount of nitrogen-enriched stream (15) at the desired concentration.
Claims (15)
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NO20071519A NO327898B1 (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2007-03-22 | NOx reduction on marine diesel engines |
PCT/NO2008/000108 WO2008115073A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2008-03-18 | A system and method for reducing nox-emissions from diesel engines |
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WO2012124531A1 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | 日野自動車株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification device |
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