NL2005811C2 - Method and apparatus for soldering contacts in a solar panel. - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for soldering contacts in a solar panel. Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2005811C2
NL2005811C2 NL2005811A NL2005811A NL2005811C2 NL 2005811 C2 NL2005811 C2 NL 2005811C2 NL 2005811 A NL2005811 A NL 2005811A NL 2005811 A NL2005811 A NL 2005811A NL 2005811 C2 NL2005811 C2 NL 2005811C2
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NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
solar panel
contacts
soldering
solder
solder paste
Prior art date
Application number
NL2005811A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Bastiaan Henricus Maria Straaten
Jacobus Johannes Hendricus Maria Krutwagen
Original Assignee
Solland Solar Cells B V
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solland Solar Cells B V filed Critical Solland Solar Cells B V
Priority to NL2005811A priority Critical patent/NL2005811C2/en
Priority to PCT/NL2011/050635 priority patent/WO2012039610A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2005811C2 publication Critical patent/NL2005811C2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
    • B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0516—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module specially adapted for interconnection of back-contact solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
    • H01L31/188—Apparatus specially adapted for automatic interconnection of solar cells in a module
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for soldering electrical contacts in a solar panel, comprising a back sheet foil with a number of first contacts, a number of solar cells each having a number of second contacts, to be connected to the first contacts, a front layer and solder paste pads applied to the first contacts or second contacts, wherein heat is locally applied to the solder to make it melt and form connections after solidifying, wherein at least during the soldering the solar panel is compressed in the direction perpendicular to its main plane. The forces thus developed will compress the solar panel to such an extend that the forming of bulges is prevented and the quality of the solder joints is improved.

Description

Method and apparatus for soldering contacts in a solar panel
The present invention relates to the assembly of solar panels. Solar panels comprise a number of solar cells and a structure to unite these solar cells, to protect them against 5 the rain and other weather influences and to connect them electrically.
The present invention relates more specifically to the assembly of solar cells comprising a back sheet foil with a number of first contacts, a number of solar cells each with a number of second contacts, to be connected to the first contacts, a front layer and solder 10 paste pads applied to the first contacts or second contacts. Further an encapsulant material is added. During assembly these components are stacked and heated under pressure to form a solar panel. The encapsulant material melts and after solidifying thereof a rigid unit is obtained as is described in US-A-5 972 732.
15 Further electrical connections have to be made between the first and second contacts. Although it is not excluded that the heat applied during the melting of the encapsulant material will cause the solder present between the first and second contacts to melt, commonly extra heat will have to be applied locally to form reliable contacts which is of utmost importance for a solar panel. Hence laser is used to apply heat locally to form 20 reliable electrical connections.
The local application of heat to the solder to make it melt and form connections after solidifying causes thermal expansion of the contacts, the solder and the material surrounding these parts. Also these parts may emit gasses. These effects may lead to 25 bulging of the most flexible outer layer of the solar panel being processed. Hence thermal contact between the back sheet foil and the solar cells is lost and complete melting of the solder and heating of the parts to be connected is hindered leading to imperfect solder joints and hence to a substantial lowering of the yield. This process is only limited by the weight of the solar panel or module, which is insufficient to avoid 30 the disadvantages mentioned above.
To overcome these disadvantages, the present invention proposes a method of the kind referred to above, wherein at least during the soldering the solar panel is compressed in the direction perpendicular to its main plane.
2
The forces thus developed will compress the solar panel to such an extend that the forming of bulges is prevented and the quality of the solder joints is improved.
The invention also relates to an apparatus for soldering electrical contacts in a solar 5 panel, the solar panel comprising a back sheet foil with a number of first contacts, a number of solar cells each having a number of second contacts, to be connected to the first contacts, a front layer and solder paste pads applied to the first contacts or to the second contacts, the apparatus comprising means for locally applying heat to the solder paste pads to make the solder melt, a support for locating the solar panel to be soldered 10 and a laser apparatus for heating the solder paste pads to melt these solder paste pads to form a solder joint between the first and the second contacts after solidification, further comprising means for compressing the solar panel in the direction perpendicular to its main plane.
15 The forces may be generated by depositing a body with a substantial weight on the solar panel during the soldering process. The weight of the body should be sufficient to generate the pressure which is sufficient to compress the solar panel to such an extend that the bulging does not appear.
20 This embodiment also provides an apparatus comprising a body with a substantial weight adapted to be located on the solar panel and means for arranging the body on the solar panel and for removing the body from the solar panel. Herein it should be noted that the heat for the soldering process is supplied through laser. The body should hence have such a configuration that the paths of the laser beams is not hampered. This may 25 be reached by providing an aperture in the body adapted to let the laser beams pass, or by using a body which is transparent for the laser beams.
However according to a preferred embodiment the body is substantially flat and it comprises apertures arranged in a pattern coinciding with the pattern of the solder pads. 30 Herein the laser beams can pass the body through the apertures.
According to another preferred embodiment preceding the soldering process, clamps are brought into engagement with the solar panel, in such a way that during the soldering process the clamps compress the components of the solar panel in a direction 3 perpendicular to the main plane of the solar panel and that after the soldering process the clamps are removed.
This embodiment also provides an apparatus comprising clamps adapted to be brought 5 into engagement with the solar panel and means for activating the clamps to compress the components of the solar panel in a direction perpendicular to the main plane of the solar panel. This embodiment avoids the problems with the body having a substantial weight. Again these clamping means must be adapted to avoid hampering the laser beams.
10
However the most promising embodiment provides a method wherein during the soldering a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure is applied on apertures in a support onto which the solar panel rests during the soldering process. Herein the surrounding pressure urges the upper parts of the solar panel to the lower layers so that 15 the layers are pressed together, just as in the preceding embodiments. The pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure can be adapted to obtain the required effect, to a minimum of an approximation of a vacuum.
This last embodiment also provides an apparatus comprising apertures located in the 20 support and by a vacuum pump connected to the apertures. The solar panel rests on the support and the lower pressure is applied through the apertures provided in the support.
Further the support comprises preferably a material having some resiliency, like a rubber layer having preferably a thickness of around 2mm and a hardness of 90 shore. 25 However other materials as support can also be envisaged, like glass, plastic, metal, etc.
Subsequently the present invention will be elucidated with the help of the accompanying drawings, showing:
Figure 1: a detailed cross sectional view of a solar panel of the type to which the 30 present invention pertains;
Figure 2: a cross sectional view of a solar panel, wherein a first embodiment is applied;
Figure 3: a cross sectional view of a solar panel, wherein a second embodiment is applied; and 4
Figure 4: a cross sectional view of a solar panel, wherein a third embodiment is applied.
Figure 1 depicts a section of a solar panel 1 which has been assembled but which is not 5 yet soldered. It comprises a glass plate 2 on top, under which a solar cell 3 has been arranged. At its underside the solar cell 1 is provided of a number of second solder contacts 4, of which only one has been depicted. The solar cell 3 is of the so called back contact type, in particular of the metal wrap through type, so that the contacts of both polarities are present on the back side of the cell 3. The lowest layer of the solar panel 1 10 is a foil 5 of an electrically insulating material, on top of which metal tracks 6 and first solder contacts 7 have been provided. A solder pad 8 has been provided on each of the first solder contacts 7, although it is also possible to have the solder pad 8 applied to the second solder contacts 4. Further between the glass plate 2, the foil 5 and in between the solar cells a filling and adhesive material 9 has been provided which unites, after being 15 heated, all parts of the solar panel.
The solder pads 8 which are still solid, need to be melted to form a connection between the first and second solder contacts 7, 4 after solidifying. Therefore use is made of laser beams, not depicted in this figure and which act locally to melt the solder pads. It will 20 be clear that the heating of the solder pads will also heat the parts in the area surrounding the solder parts, mainly through thermal conduction. This will lead to local expansion of those parts, leading to bulging of those parts, in particular of the lower foil. Further the heating may cause expulsion of gasses, also contributing to bulging.
The effect of the bulging, or rather the non flatness of the panel, will increase the 25 distance between the first and second solder contacts. It is then not always assured that a thorough reliable electrical contact is obtained. The reliability of the electrical contacts is of utmost importance in solar panels as a defect contact will lead to significant lower efficiency and to further defects.
30 In figure 2 the solar panel 1 as a whole is shown. The solar panel rests on a support 11, while on top of the panel 1 a body 12 with a substantial weight has been located. Said body comprises apertures 13, which are each aligned with the locations of the solder connections 8 to be made. Herein the apertures are adapted in location and shape to allow the beams 14 of a laser source 15 located above the support 11 to reach the solder 5 pads 8. In this embodiment the weight of the body 12 compresses the solar panel 1 to avoid bulging thereof, so that the reliability of the solder connections is assured. In this embodiment it is assumed that the solar panels, which are produced in large numbers, are supplied on a conveyor, which forms the support. Soldering takes place on a non 5 moving support. As soon as a solar panel has been soldered, it is conveyed further.
Figure 3 shows an embodiment wherein the solar panel 1 is compressed. The solar panel 1 is located onto a support 21, of which the width is smaller than the width of the solar panel 1, so that the solar panel protrudes over the support 21. It is possible that instead 10 of or in addition to protruding in de direction of the width, the solar panel 1 protrudes in the direction of the length over the support.
At each of the protruding sides of the solar panel a clamp 22 has been provided. The clamps 22 serve to compress the solar panel 1. The clamps 22 comprise each a fixed 15 part 23 adapted to contact the lower face of the solar panel 1 and a moveable part 24 connected hinged to the fixed part 23. A linear actuator 25 is hinged connected between the fixed part 23 and the moveable part 24 so that actuation of the linear actuator 25 causes the clamp 22 to compress the parts present between the fixed part 23 and the moveable part 24 of the clamp. In the shown embodiment clamps 22 with a hydraulic 20 actuation are foreseen, but the use of clamps having other kinds of actuation, such as pneumatic or electromagnetic are not excluded. The drawings show two clamps 22 only, but a skilled man will understand that other numbers of clamps, such as four, six or eight may be used, in dependence of the size of the solar panel 1 and of the clamps.
25 Further it will be clear that the clamps 22 are mounted moveably in substantial horizontal direction in a structure not depicted in the drawings, so that the clamps 22 may be moved from the position depicted in the drawings to a position more sideways of the solar panel 1 to allow the solar panel 1 to be moved into and out of the position depicted in figure 3. Further it will be clear that preceding the soldering action of the 30 solar panel, the clamps will be actuated to compress the solar panel and after the soldering action the clamps will be released.
Figure 4 shows an solar panel 1 resting on a support 31, which is preferably made of rubber or of another material with a hardness or another material having a some 6 resiliency and which is provided with a number of apertures 32. The apertures 32 are all connected to a vacuum pump 33 via tubing 34. The action of this embodiment is such that preceding the soldering of the solar panel 1 located on the support 31, the vacuum pump 33 is actuated to reduce the pressure under the solar panel and to make the 5 ambient pressure compressing the solar panel. After the soldering the vacuum pump is switched off and the tubing connected with the ambient to allow the vacuum to release, making the solar panel ready for the next processing step.
It will be clear that other embodiments will fall within the invention as defined by the 10 accompanying claims.
15

Claims (11)

1. Werkwijze voor het solderen van elektrische contacten in een zonnepaneel, omvattende: 5. een aan de achterzijde te plaatsen folie met een aantal eerste contacten; - een aantal zonnecellen met elk een aantal met de eerste contacten te verbinden tweede contacten; - een aan de voorzijde te plaatsen laag; - op de eerste of tweede contacten aangebrachte kussens van soldeerpasta, 10 waarbij aan de soldeerpasta warmte wordt toegevoerd om het te doen smelten en elektrisch geleidende contacten te doen vormen na het stollen, met het kenmerk, dat tenminste gedurende het solderen het zonnepaneel wordt samengedrukt in de richting dwars op het hoofdvlak van het zonnepaneel.A method for soldering electrical contacts in a solar panel, comprising: 5. a foil to be placed at the rear with a number of first contacts; - a number of solar cells, each with a number of second contacts to be connected to the first contacts; - a layer to be placed on the front; - pads of solder paste provided on the first or second contacts, heat being supplied to the solder paste to melt it and to form electrically conductive contacts after solidification, characterized in that at least during soldering the solar panel is compressed into the direction across the main plane of the solar panel. 2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat gedurende het soldeerproces een lichaam met een aanzienlijk gewicht op het zonnepaneel wordt geplaatst.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a body with a considerable weight is placed on the solar panel during the soldering process. 3. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat voorafgaande aan het 20 soldeerproces klemmen tot in aangrijping met het zonnepaneel worden gebracht, dat gedurende het soldeerproces de klemmen de componenten van het zonnepaneel samendrukken in een richting dwars op het hoofdvlak van het zonnepaneel en dat na het soldeerproces de klemmen worden verwijderd.3. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that prior to the soldering process clamps are brought into engagement with the solar panel, that during the soldering process the clamps compress the components of the solar panel in a direction transverse to the main surface of the solar panel and that the terminals are removed after the soldering process. 4. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat gedurende het solderen op openingen in een steun waarop het zonnepaneel rust gedurende het soldeerproces een druk wordt aangelegd die lager is dan de omgevingsdruk.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during soldering on openings in a support on which the solar panel rests, a pressure is applied that is lower than the ambient pressure during the soldering process. 5. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 4, met het kenmerk, dat aanvankelijk het 30 zonnepaneel op de steun wordt geplaatst, vervolgens de lagere druk op de openingen wordt aangelegd, waarna het solderen plaats vindt en nadat het soldeerproces is voltooid, de lagere druk wordt verwijderd en het paneel verder wordt bewerkt.5. Method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that initially the solar panel is placed on the support, then the lower pressure is applied to the openings, whereafter the soldering takes place and after the soldering process is completed, the lower pressure is removed and the panel is being further processed. 6. Inrichting voor het solderen van elektrische contacten in een zonnepaneel, omvattende: - een aan de achterzijde te plaatsen folie met een aantal eerste contacten; - een aantal zonnecellen met elk een aantal met de eerste contacten te verbinden tweede contacten; - een aan de voorzijde te plaatsen laag; 5. op de eerste of tweede contacten aangebrachte kussens soldeerpasta, waarbij de inrichting middelen omvat voor het lokaal toevoeren van warmte aan de kussens soldeerpasta voor het doen smelten van de soldeerpasta, een steun voor het bepalen van de plaats van het te solderen zonnepaneel en een lasertoestel voor het verwarmen van de lagen kussens soldeerpasta om de kussens soldeerpasta te laten 10 smelten voor het vormen van een soldeerverbinding tussen de eerste en de tweede soldeercontacten na het stollen, gekenmerkt door middelen voor het samendrukken van het zonnepaneel in de richting dwars op het hoofdvlak.Device for soldering electrical contacts in a solar panel, comprising: - a foil to be placed at the rear with a number of first contacts; - a number of solar cells, each with a number of second contacts to be connected to the first contacts; - a layer to be placed on the front; 5. pads of solder paste arranged on the first or second contacts, the device comprising means for locally supplying heat to the pads of solder paste for melting the solder paste, a support for determining the location of the solar panel to be soldered and a laser device for heating the layers of solder paste cushions to melt the solder paste cushions to form a solder connection between the first and second solder contacts after solidification, characterized by means for compressing the solar panel in the direction transverse to the main surface . 7. Inrichting volgens conclusie 6, met het kenmerk, dat de inrichting een lichaam 15 met een aanzien gewicht omvat, dat is ingericht om op het zonnepaneel te worden geplaatst en middelen voor het op het zonnepaneel plaatsen van het lichaam en voor het van het zonnepaneel verwijderen van het lichaam.7. Device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the device comprises a body 15 with a respected weight, which is adapted to be placed on the solar panel and means for placing the body on the solar panel and for placing the solar panel on the solar panel. remove the body. 8. Inrichting volgens conclusie 7, met het kenmerk, dat het lichaam hoofdzakelijk 20 plat is en dat het lichaam openingen omvat, welke zijn gerangschikt volgens een patroon dat overeenkomt met het patroon van de soldeerlagen.8. Device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the body is substantially flat and that the body comprises openings which are arranged in a pattern corresponding to the pattern of the solder layers. 9. Inrichting volgens conclusie 8, met het kenmerk, dat de inrichting klemmen omvat die zijn ingericht om in aangrijping te worden gebracht met het zonnepaneel en 25 middelen voor het activeren van de klemmen voor het doen samendrukken van de componenten van het zonnepaneel in de richting dwars op het hoofdvlak van het zonnepaneel.9. Device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the device comprises clamps which are adapted to be brought into engagement with the solar panel and means for activating the clamps for compressing the components of the solar panel in the direction across the main plane of the solar panel. 10. Inrichting volgens conclusie 6, met het kenmerk, dat de inrichting in de steun 30 aangebrachte openingen omvat en een met de openingen verbonden vacuümpomp.10. Device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the device comprises openings arranged in the support 30 and a vacuum pump connected to the openings. 11. Inrichting volgens conclusie 10, met het kenmerk, dat de steun bij voorkeur een materiaal met enige veerkracht omvat zoals een rubberen laag met bij voorkeur een dikte van ongeveer 2 mm en een hardheid van 90 shore.Device as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the support preferably comprises a material with some spring force, such as a rubber layer with preferably a thickness of approximately 2 mm and a hardness of 90 shore.
NL2005811A 2010-09-24 2010-12-03 Method and apparatus for soldering contacts in a solar panel. NL2005811C2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2005811A NL2005811C2 (en) 2010-09-24 2010-12-03 Method and apparatus for soldering contacts in a solar panel.
PCT/NL2011/050635 WO2012039610A1 (en) 2010-09-24 2011-09-20 Method and apparatus for soldering contacts in a solar panel

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2005397 2010-09-24
NL2005397 2010-09-24
NL2005811A NL2005811C2 (en) 2010-09-24 2010-12-03 Method and apparatus for soldering contacts in a solar panel.
NL2005811 2010-12-03

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NL2005811C2 true NL2005811C2 (en) 2012-03-27

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US9461192B2 (en) 2014-12-16 2016-10-04 Sunpower Corporation Thick damage buffer for foil-based metallization of solar cells
CN108687442B (en) * 2017-03-30 2021-10-01 法拉第未来公司 System and method for welding
WO2019195806A2 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 Sunpower Corporation Local patterning and metallization of semiconductor structures using a laser beam

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H. KNAUSS, M. MC CANN, W. NEU, P. FATH, W. JOOSS, M. KLENK, S. KELLER, D. W. K. EIKELBOOM, A. SCHÖNECKER, T. BRUTON, S. ROBERTS: "The advantage project: development of new interconnection and encapsulation techniques for back-contact solar cells", NINETEENTH EUROPEAN PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE : PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HELD IN PARIS, FRANCE, 7 - 11 JUNE 2004, MÜNCHEN : WIP-MUNICH ; FLORENCE : ETA-FLORENCE, 7 June 2004 (2004-06-07), XP040510965, ISBN: 978-3-936338-15-7 *
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