MXPA00003763A - Compositions of interpolymers of alpha-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers - Google Patents

Abstract

A blend of polymeric materials comprising:(A) from 1 to 99.99 weight percent based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C of at least one substantially random interpolymer;and wherein said interpolymer:(1) contains from 0.5 to 65 mole percent of polymer units derived from:(a) at least one vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer, or (b) at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer, or (c) a combination of at least one vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer and at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer;(2) contains from 35 to 99.5 mole percent of polymer units derived from at least one aliphatic&agr;-olefin having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms;(3) has a molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1,000;(4) has a melt index (I2) from 0.01 to 1,000;(5) has a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) from 1.5 to 20;and (B) from 99 to 0.01 weight percent based on the combined weights of Components A, B, and C of one or more conductive additives and/or one or more additives with high magnetic permeability;and (C) from 0 to 98.99 weight percent based on the combined weights of Components A, B, and C of one or more polymers other than A.

Description

INTERPOLIMER COMPOSITIONS OF ALPHA-OLEFIN MONOMERS WITH ONE OR MORE AROMATIC MONOMERS OF VINYL OR VINYLIDENE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to interpolymer compositions of α-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl aromatic or vinylidene monomers and / or one or more vinylidene or vinylidene monomers, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, hindered, mixed with one or more conductive additives and, optionally one or more additional polymers. The generic class of substantially random interpolymer materials of α-olefin / vinyl or vinylidene monomer, (including α-olefin / vinyl aromatic monomer interpolymers) and their preparation are known in the art and are described in EP 416 815 A2. The structure, thermal transitions and mechanical properties of the substantially random interpolymers of ethylene and styrene containing up to 50 mol% of styrene have been described (Y. W. Cheung, M. J. Guest, Proc. Antec'96 pp. 1634-1637). It was found that the interpolymers have glass transitions in the range of -20 ° C to + 35 ° C, and they do not have a crystallinity that can be measured above 25 mol% of styrene incorporation, ie they are essentially amorphous.

Materials such as substantially random ethylene / styrene interpolymers offer a wide variety of material structures and properties, which make them useful for a variety of applications, such as asphalt modifiers or as compatibilizers for blends of polyethylene and polystyrene (as described above). described in US Patent 5,460,818). Although useful in its own right, the industry is constantly looking to improve the applicability of these interpolymers. To work well in certain applications, these interpolymers can desirably be improved, for example, in the areas of electrical conductivity and / or magnetic permeability. The ability to impart either electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability to materials can be an important factor in a number of applications. For example, the property attribute of semi-conductivity (10"9 to 10" 2S / cm) in a material improves its use in applications that require electrostatic painting, electronics manufacturing and shipping, conductive fibers for carpets and antistatic clothing, antistatic floor and also for semiconductor films. Higher levels of conductivity are also required in applications such as cable protection, replacement fuses, EMI protection and direct electrodeposition on plastics. In general, the key emissions for the conductive modification of existing materials are the maintenance of acceptable properties in the host material and the minimization of the amount of conductive additive required to increase the conductivity, which can also be an emission for the cost . Magnetic permeability is a desirable aspect in applications such as electromagnetic wave attenuation, that is, protection of electrical equipment and circuits in numerous electrical devices from the damaging effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) present in the environment. Protection against EMI is also important when the EMI is contained within the EMI generation source as dictated by the specifications for electrical equipment imposed for both the government and private industry. It has now been found that the interpolymers of α-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl aromatic or vinylidene monomers and / or one or more vinylidene or vinylidene monomers or hindered cycloaliphatic monomers have become semielectrically conductive (10"9 a 10"2S / cm) through the melt mixing or low-load solution of a conductive additive such as a conductive carbon. It has also been found that said interpolymers become significantly conductive (> 0.01 S / cm) when larger amounts of conductive additives are incorporated. It has also been found that the combination of relatively small amounts of interpolymers of α-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers and / or one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene monomers, impaired, a conductive additive, and an additional polymer can improve the conductivity of the mixture compared to those cases where there is no interpolymer, when other factors such as the level of conductive additive and processing parameters are kept constant. It has also been found that this improvement can lead to the conductivity to the surface of the composite material under conditions that otherwise produce an insulating surface. Finally, it has been found that the use of two or more interpolymers of α-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers and / or one or more vinylidene or vinylidene aliphatic or hindered cycloaliphatic monomers, which have different contents of Vinyl monomer or vinylidene, can also significantly improve the conductivity both on the surface and through the volume of the composite material. In yet another aspect of the present invention, the interpolymers of α-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers and / or one or more vinylidene or vinylidene monomers or hindered cycloaliphatic monomers can be mixed with intrinsically conductive polymers ( ICP) such as certain polyanilines appropriately with additive, to produce relative and optically transmissive films having antistatic properties when, for example, they are cast from the solution. Certain polyanilines appropriately with additive (as described, for example, in the co-pending provisional EUA application filed on October 15, 1997, entitled "Electrically Conductive Polymers" by Susan J. Babinec et al., And incorporated herein by reference) appear to be miscible with the interpolymers of α-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers and / or one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene hindered monomers. These mixtures can produce a transparent film, instead of nebulous or opaque, as a result of a good capacity to be miscible, so that no discrete particles are seen under a light microscope at amplifications as high as 500 X. Said films are effectively transparent , which are semiconductor and do not contain discrete particles, are a much more desired product, for antistatic applications related to the manufacture of electronics and shipments. The ability to be miscible of certain polyanilines in the interpolymers of α-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl or vinylidene aliphatic monomers and / or one or more vinylidene or vinylidene monomers aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hindered, is also an important aspect in processes such as blowing foams, and films wherein the fine microstructure is also critical. In summary, this invention relates to mixtures of polymeric materials comprising: (A) from 1 to 99.99% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C of at least one substantially random interpolymer; and wherein said interpolymer: (1) contains from 0.5 to 65 mole percent of polymer units derived from: (a) at least one vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer, or (b) at least one vinyl or vinylidene monomer aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, hindered, or (c) a combination of at least one aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer and at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene monomer; (2) contains from 35 to 99.5 mol% of polymer units derived from at least one aliphatic α-olefin having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; (3) has a molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1,000; (4) has a melt index (12) of 0.01 to 1000; (5) has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 1.5 to 20; and (B) from 99 to 0.01% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C of one or more conductive additives and / or one or more additives with high magnetic permeability; Y (C) from 0 to 98.99% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B, and C of one or more polymers other than A. Figure 1 is an illustration of the method for determining surface conductivity. Figure 2 is an illustration of the method for determining core conductivity.

Definitions All references herein to elements or metals belonging to a certain group refer to the Periodic Table of the Elements published and authorized by CRC Press, Inc., 1989. Also any reference to the group or groups must be to the group or groups as they are reflected in this Periodic Table of the Elements using the IUPAC system to renumber the groups. Any numerical value of the elements here includes all values from the lowest value to the highest value in increments of one unit as long as there is a separation of at least two units between any lower value or any higher value. As an example, if it is stated that the quantity of a component or a value of a process variable such as, for example, temperature, pressure, time is, for example, from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, very preferably from 30 to 70, values such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are intended to be expressly listed in this specification. For values that are less than one, a unit is considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 as appropriate. These are only examples of what is specifically intended and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value listed are considered to be expressly stated in this application in a similar way.

The term "hydrocarbyl" as used herein, means any aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, substituted aryl aliphatic, substituted aryl cycloaliphatic, substituted aliphatic aromatic or substituted aliphatic cycloaliphatic group. The term "hydrocarbyloxy" means a hydrocarbyl group having an oxygen bond between it and the carbon atom to which it is attached. The term "copolymer" as used herein means a polymer wherein at least two different monomers are polymerized to form the copolymer. The term "interpolymer" as used herein is to denote a polymer wherein at least two different monomers are polymerized to make the interpolymer. This includes copolymers, terpolymers, etc. The term "substantially random" in the substantially random interpolymer comprising an α-olefin and an aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer or hindered, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene monomer or monomer, as used herein, means that the distribution of the The monomers of said interpolymer can be described by the Bernoulli statistical model or by a first or second order Markovian statistical model, as described by JC Randall in POLYMER SEGUENCE DETERMINATION. Carbon-13 NMR Method, Academic Press New York, 1977, p. 71-78. Preferably, the substantially random interpolymer comprising an α-olefin and an aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer does not contain more than 15% of the total amount of aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer in aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer blocks of more than 3. units. Most preferably, the interpolymer was not characterized by a high degree of isotacticity or syndiotacticity. This means that in the "13 NMR" carbon spectrum of the substantially random interpolymer, the peak areas corresponding to the methylene and principal chain methines representing either meso diad sequences or racemic diad sequences should not exceed 75% of the total peak area of the methylene carbons and the main chain methine.

Substantially Random Ethylene / Vinyl or Vinylidene Interpolymers The mixing components of the substantially random interpolymer of the present invention include interpolymers prepared by polymerizing one or more α-olefins with one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers and / or one or more monomers of vinylidene or vinylidene aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, handicapped. Suitable α-olefins include, for example, α-olefins containing from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 12, and most preferably from 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Particularly suitable are ethylene, propylene, butene-1,4-methyl-1-pentene, hexene-1 and octene-1. These α-olefins do not contain an aromatic portion. Preferred are ethylene in combination with a C3-C8 α-olefin, ethylene is very preferred. Other optionally polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers include norbornene and C 1 -C 10 alkyl or C 6:10 aryl substituted norbornenes, with an illustrative interpolymer being ethylene / styrene / norbornene. Suitable vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers, which can be used to prepare the ether polymers, include, for example, those represented by the following formula: Ar I (CH2) n R1- C = C (R2) 2 wherein R1 is selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; each R2 is independently selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; Ar is a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 - alkyl and C 1-4 haloalkyl; and n has a value from 0 to 4, preferably from 0 to 2, and most preferably zero. Illustrative vinyl aromatic monomers include styrene, vinyltoluene, α-methystyrene, t-butyl styrene, chlorostyrene, including all isomers of these compounds. Particularly suitable monomers include styrene and its derivatives substituted with lower alkyl or with halogen. Preferred monomers include styrene, α-methylstyrene, derivatives substituted with lower alkyl (dC) or with the phenyl ring of styrene, such as, for example, ortho-, meta- and para-methylstyrene, the halogenated ring styrenes, paravinyl toluene or mixtures thereof. A most preferred aromatic vinyl monomer is styrene. By the term "vinylidene or aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, hindered vinylidene compounds", it means addition polymerizable vinyl or vinylidene monomers corresponding to the formula: Ar R 1 -C = C (R 2) 2 wherein A 1 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic substituent, sterically voluminous of up to 20 carbons, R1 is selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; each R2 is independently selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; or alternatively, R1 and A1 together form a ring system. By the term "sterically bulky" is meant that the monomer bearing this substituent is normally incapable of addition polymerization through standard Ziegler-Natta polymerization catalysts at a rate comparable to ethylene polymerizations. However, simple linear α-olefins include, for example, α-olefins containing from 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, butene-1,4-methyl-1-pentene, hexene-1 or octene -1, are not examples of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene compounds, sterically hindered. Preferred aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene compounds are monomers wherein one of the carbon atoms carrying the ethylenic unsaturation is substituted in tertiary or quaternary form. Examples of such substituents include cyclic aliphatic groups such as cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclooctenyl, or their substituted alkyl or aryl ring derivatives, tert-butyl, norbornyl. The highly preferred aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or cycloaliphatic compounds are the various substituted derivatives on the ring with isomeric vinyl of substituted cyclohexene and cyclohexene, and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene. Especially suitable are 1,3 and 4-vinylcyclohexene. Substantially random interpolymers can be modified through typical grafting, hydrogenation, functionalization or other reactions well known to those skilled in the art. The polymers can be easily sulfonated or cloned to provide functionalized derivatives according to established techniques. Substantially random interpolymers can also be modified through various chain extension or entanglement processes including, but not limited to, peroxide, silane, sulfur, radiation or azide-based cure systems. A complete description of the various entanglement technologies is described in the patent application of E. U. A. copendiente Nos. 08/921, 641 and 08 / 921,642 both filed on August 27, 1997, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Double curing systems, which use a combination of heat steps, moisture curing and radiation, can also be effectively employed. Double cure systems are described and claimed in the patent application of E. U. A. series No. 536,022, filed September 29, 1995, in the names of K. L. Walton and S. V. Karande, incorporated herein by reference. For example, it may be desirable to employ peroxide crosslinking agents together with silane crosslinking agents, peroxide crosslinking agents together with radiation, sulfur-containing crosslinking agents together with silane crosslinking agents, etc. Substantially random interpolymers can also be modified through various entanglement processes, including, but not limited to, the incorporation of a diene component as a thermonomer in its preparation and subsequent entanglement through the aforementioned methods and other methods including vulcanization through the vinyl group using sulfur, for example, as the entanglement agent. A method for preparing the substantially random interpolymers include polymerizing a mixture of polymerizable monomers in the presence of one or more metallocene catalysts or restricted geometry in combination with several cocatalysts, as described in EP-A-0,416,815 by James C.

Stevens et al., And patent of E. U. A. No. 5,703,187 of Francis J.

Timmers, both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Preferred operating conditions for said polymerization reactions are atmospheric pressures up to 3000 atmospheres and temperatures from -30 ° C to 200 ° C. Polymerizations and removal of unreacted monomers at temperatures above the autopolymerization temperature of the respective monomers may result in the formation of some amounts of homopolymer polymerization products resulting from the free radical polymerization. Example of suitable catalysts and methods for preparing the substantially random interpolymers are described in the patent application of E. U. A. series No. 702,475 filed on May 20, 1991 (EP-A-514,828); as well as the patents of E. U. A.

Nos. 5,055,438; 5,057,475; 5,096,867; 5,064,802; 5,132,380; ,189,192; 5,321,106; 5,347,024; 5,350,723; 5,374,696; 5,399,635; ,470,993; 5,703,187; and 5,721,185, all of these patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference. Substantially random vinyl α-olefin / vinyl aromatic or vinylidene interpolymers can also be prepared by the methods described in JP 07/278230 using compounds shown by the general formula: Cp1 R1 / \ / R3 M \ / \ Cp2 R2 wherein Cp1 and Cp2 are cyclopentadienyl groups, indenyl groups, fluorenyl groups or substituents thereof, independently of one another; R1 and R2 are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, hydrocarbon groups with carbon numbers of 1-12, alkoxy groups or aryloxy groups, independently of one another; M a group IV metal, preferably Zr or Hf, most preferably Zr; and R3 is an alkylene group or silanodiyl group used for the crosslinking of Cp1 and Cp2. Substantially random vinylidene or vinylidene α-olefin / aromatics interpolymers may also be prepared by methods described by John G. Bradfute et al. (W.R. Grace &Co.) in WO 95/32095; by R. B. Pannell (Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc.) in WO 94/00500; and in Plastics Technology, p. 25 (September 1992), all of these are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Also suitable are substantially random interpolymers comprising at least one a-olefin / vinyl aromatic / α-olefin tetrad described in patent application No. 08 / 708,869, filed September 4, 1996 by Francis J. Timmers et al. . These interpolymers contain additional signals with intensities greater than three times peak-to-peak noise. These signals appear on the chemical shift scale of 43.70-44.25 ppm and 38.0-38.5 ppm. Specifically, peaks greater than 44.1, 43.9 and 38.2 ppm are observed. A proton test NMR experiment indicates that signals in the chemical shift region of 43.70-44.25 ppm are methine carbons and signals in the region of 38.0-38.5 ppm are methylene carbons. It is believed that these new signals are due to sequences involving two end-to-end vinyl aromatic monomer insertions preceded and followed by at least one α-olefin insert, eg, an ethylene / styrene / styrene / ethylene tetrad, wherein the styrene monomer insertions of said tetrads occur exclusively in a 1,2 (head-to-end) form. Those skilled in the art will understand that for such tetrads involving an aromatic vinyl monomer in place of styrene and an α-olefin instead of ethylene then the ethylene tetrad / vinyl aromatic monomer / vinyl aromatic monomer / ethylene will give rise to carbon peaks "13 NMR similar, but with slightly different chemical shifts." These interpolymers are prepared by polymerizing at temperatures from -30 ° C to 250 ° C in the presence of such catalysts, such as those represented by the formula: I (ER2) r MR '\ CD wherein: each Cp is independently, from each occurrence, a substituted cyclopentadienyl group joined by p to M; E is C or Si; M is a group IV metal, preferably Zr or Hf, most preferably Zr; each R is independently, of each occurrence, H, hydrocarbyl, silahydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylsilyl, containing up to 30, preferably 1 to 20, most preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms or silicon; each R 'is independently, for each occurrence, H, halogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, silahydrocarbyl, hydrocarbon Isil ilo containing up to 30, preferably from 1 to 20, most preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or silicon, or two groups R 'together can be 1, 3-butadiene substituted with C1-10 hydrocarbyl; m is 1 or 2; and optionally, but preferably in the presence of an activating cocatalyst, particularly suitable substituted cyclopentadienyl groups include those illustrated in the formula: wherein each R is independently, of each occurrence, H, hydrocarbyl, silahydrocarbyl or idylcarbonyl, containing up to 30, preferably from 1 to 20, and most preferably from 1 to 10 carbon or silicon atoms, or two R groups together form a divalent derivative of said group. Preferably, R independently at each occurrence is (including where appropriate all isomers) hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, benzyl, phenyl or silyl or (where appropriate) two of these R groups are bonded together forming a fused ring system such as indenyl, fluorenyl, tetrahydroindenyl, tetrahydrofluorenyl or octahydrofluorenyl. Particularly preferred catalysts include, for example, racemic (dimethylsilanediyl) bis- (2-methyl-4-phenylindenyl) zirconium dichloride, 1,4-diflu enyl-1,3-butadiene of (dimethylsilanediyl) -bis- (2) racemic-methyl-4-phenylindenyl) zirconium, C 1-4 dialkyl of racemic (dimethylanediyl) -bis- (2-methyl-4-phenylindenyl) zirconium, C 1-4 dialkoxide of (dimethylsilanediyl) -bis- (2 racemic-methyl-4-phenylindenyl) zirconium, or any combination thereof. It is also possible to use the following catalysts of restricted geometry based on titanium, [N- (1, 1 -di methyl methyl) -1,1 -dimethyl-1 - [(1, 2,3,4, 5?) -1, 5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl] silanaminate (2 -) - N] titanium dimethyl; (1-indenyl) (tert-butylamido) dimethylsilane titanium dimethyl; ((3-tert-butyl) (1, 2,3,4,5, -?) - 1-ndenyl) (tert-butylamido) dimethylamino titanium dimethyl; and ((3-iso-propyl) (1,2,3,4,5, -?) - 1-indenyl) (tert-butylamido) dimethylsilane titanium dimethyl, or any combination thereof. Other methods of preparation for the substantially random vinylidene α-olefin / aromatic interpolymer mixture components of the present invention have been described in the literature. Longo and Grassi (Makromol, Chem., Volume 191, pp. 2387 to 2398 [1990]) and D'Anniello and others (Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Volume 58, pp. 1701-1706 [1995]) reported the use of a catalytic system based on methylalumoxane (MAO) and cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride (CpTiCI3) to prepare an ethylene-styrene copolymer. Xu and Lin (Polvmer Preprints, Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Pol. Chem.) Volume 35, p. 686, 687 [1994]) have reported copolymerization using a MgCl2 / TiCl4 / NdCl3 / AI (iBu) 3 catalyst to give random copolymers of styrene and propylene. Lu et al. (Journal of Applied Polvmer Science., Volume 53, pp. 1453 to 1460 [1994]) have described the copolymerization of ethylene and styrene using a TiCl4 / NdCI3 / MgCl2 / AI (Et) 3 catalyst. The manufacture of α-olefin / aromatic vinyl monomer interpolymers, such as propylene / styrene and butene / styrene, are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,244,996, issued to Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd., or U.S. Patent 5,652,315 also issued to Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd., or as described in DE 197 11 339 A1 of Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK. All the above methods described for preparing the interpolymer component are incorporated herein by reference. Interpolymer interpolymers of C4-C7 isoolefin / for alkyl styrene are also included as interpolymer components., which are random copolymers of a C to C7 isomonoolefin, such as isobutylene and an alkylstyrene copolymer, preferably for methylstyrene containing at least 80%, most preferably at least 90% by weight of the para isomer. These interpolymers also include functionalized interpolymers, wherein at least some alkyl substituent groups present in the styrene monomer units contain halogen or some other functional group incorporated by the nucleophilic substitution of the benzyl halogen with other groups such as alkoxide, phenoxide, carboxylate, thiolate, thioether, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, thiourea, xanthate, cyanide, malonate, amine, amide, carbazole, phthalimide, maleimide, cyanate and mixtures thereof. Preferred materials can be characterized as polybutylene interpolymers containing the following monomer units randomly separated along the polymer chain: these functionalized isomonoolefin interpolymers and their method of preparation are particularly described in US patent 5,162,445, all the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. The most useful functionalized materials are random, elastomeric polybutylene and parametilettyrene ether polymers containing from 0.5 to 20 mol% of paramethylstyrene, wherein up to 60 mol% of the substituent groups of the methyl substituent present in the benzyl ring contain a bromine atom or chlorine, preferably a bromine atom. These polymers have a substantially homogeneous compositional distribution so that at least 95% by weight of the polymer has an alkylstyrene content within 10% of the average alkyl styrene content of the polymer. Most preferred polymers are also characterized by a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of less than 5, most preferably less than 2.5. The preferred viscosity average molecular weight is in the range of 200,000 to 2,000,000, and the number average molecular weight is in the range of 25,000 to 750,000, as determined through gel permeation chromatography. The interpolymers can be prepared through slurry polymerization of the monomer mixture using a Lewis acid catalyst followed by halogenation, preferably bromination, in solution in the presence of halogen and a radical initiator such as a heat initiator and / or light and / or chemical Preferred interpolymers are brominated interpolymers, which generally contain from 0.1 to 5 mol% of bromomethyl groups, most of which are monobromomethyl, with less than 0.05 mol% of dibromomethyl substituents present in the copolymer. The highly preferred interpolymers contain from 0.05 to 2.5% by weight of bromine based on the weight of the interpolymer, most preferably from 0.05 to 0.75% by weight of bromine and are substantially free of halogen in the ring or halogen in the structure chain of polymer base. These interpolymers, their method of preparation, their method of curing and grafting or functionalized polymers derived therefrom are particularly described in the patent of US Pat. No. 5,162,445 presented above. Such interpolymers are commercially available from Exxon Chemical under the trade name of Exxpro ™ Specialty Elastomers.

Intertwined Interpolymers. One or more dienes may optionally be incorporated into the interpolymer to provide functional sites of unsaturation in the interpolymer, which are useful, for example, to participate in crosslinking reactions. Although conjugated dienes such as butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene (ie, piperylene), or ioprene can be used for this purpose, non-conjugated dienes are preferred. Typical non-conjugated dienes include, for example, open chain unconjugated diolefins such as 1,4-hexadiene (see U.S. Patent No. 2,933,480) and 7-methyl-1,6-octadiene (also known as MOCD); cyclic dienes; ring ring cyclic dienes, such as dicyclopentadiene (see U.S. Patent No. 3,211,709); or alkylidenebornenes, such as methylene norbornene or ethylidene norbornene (see U.S. Patent No. 3,151,173). Non-conjugated dienes are not limited to those that have only two double bonds, but also include those that have three or more double bonds. The diene is incorporated in the interpolymers of the invention in an amount of 0 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the interpolymer. When a diene is employed, it will preferably be provided in an amount of at least 2% by weight, most preferably at least 3% by weight, and preferably at least 5% by weight based on the total weight of the interpolymer. Likewise, when a diene is employed, it will be provided in an amount of not more than 15, preferably not more than 12% by weight based on the total weight of the interpolymer.

Driver additive. Conductive additives may differ by various parameters including chemical nature, particle shape, for example, strand of fiber against spherical particle versus flat platelet, particle size and size distribution, specific surface area, surface tension, color, optical density in the visible spectrum, degree of electrical conductivity, glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability, solubility, chemical reactivity, environmental stability, density and apparent density, and hydrophilic character. For conductive mixing compositions, the important mixing properties that need to be balanced are: conductivity, melting / dispersibility rheology (for processing capacity), impact properties, mechanical strength, water adsorption, homogeneity, cost, dielectric strength, gloss, aesthetics, resistance to abrasion and wear, glass transition temperature scale, adhesion of the filler to the matrix. In addition, for semiconductor mixing compositions the important properties will also include optical transmission capacity, chemical resistance, insensitivity to changes in relative humidity. Any particular balance of mixing properties will depend on the specific end-use application, and, in part, dictate the choice of the conductive additive. 1) Electrically Conductive Additives, a) Conductive Smoke Black Electrically conductive additives include, but are not limited to, all known types of conductive carbon black. There is a wide variety of carbon black, which has a certain level of conductivity, produced industrially or otherwise, through a variety of different processes. However, the "conductive carbons" referred to in this text are those that allow a good development of the conductivity when mixed in certain binders. Typically, conductive carbon blacks have a high or very high level of structure as measured by various tests. The primary particle size and the carbon microstructure were evaluated with a transmission electron micrograph (TEM). Carbon blacks that have a high structure tend to show different bonds and a low number of aggregates isolated under observation by TEM. In addition, the oil absorption used in accordance with ASTM D 2314 provides numerical values of the interstitial cavity volume. The blacks of smoke, which are considered to be conductors for the purposes described herein, are those which have a relatively high oil absorption, typically greater than 500%, preferably greater than 400%). Aggregation is another parameter that is related to carbon structure, and is estimated according to the adsorption of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Conductive carbon blacks that are useful for the purposes of this invention are those that include, but are not limited to, carbon blacks having a DBP adsorption value greater than 100 ml / 100 g, preferably greater than 70 ml / 100 g The derived density (DIN ISO 787/11) also estimates the degree of structure. Conductive carbons, for the purposes of this invention, include, but are not limited to, those having a derived density less than 500 g / l. Another very important value is the proportion of polar groups on the surface of the carbon. Polar groups reduce electrical conductivity. The level of polar surface groups is a parameter that is easily determined as the percentage of volatiles, and is measured in accordance with ASTM D 1620. Conductive carbon blacks useful for this invention include, but are not limited to, those having less than 2% by weight of volatiles. Conductivity is also related to the level of contaminants (eg, ash, sulfur, and various transition metals) in the conductive carbon, and its concentration generally needs to be less than 20 ppm in the carbon blacks that have good conductivity. It is also known in the art that the details of melt processing and solution can significantly affect the conductivity of a polymer or polymer mixture with a conductive additive. These effects are especially important for the dispersion of conductive carbon blacks in a polymer, since the structure of the conductive carbon black is reduced almost continuously with the total constant stress energy deposited in the system during mixing, and since the Conductivity requires contact between conductive additive materials. In addition, some conductive carbon blacks can be treated on the surface for improved dispersion. For the purposes of these teachings, it is understood that comparisons are made between the samples under processing conditions, which approximate the almost equivalent total shear energy in the mixing system. Similarly, it is known that cooling kinetics can affect the conductivity of composite materials. b) Intrinsically Conductive Polymers (ICP) Also included as an electronically conductive additive in the compositions of the present invention are intrinsically conjugated, electrically conductive, oriented or non-oriented, amorphous and semi-crystalline additive and non-additive polymers, such as substituted polyanilines. and unsubstituted, polyacetylenes, polypyrroles, poly (phenylene) sulfides, polyindoles, polythiophenes and poly (alkyl) thiophenes, polyphenylenes, polyvinylene / phenylenes, and their copolymers such as random or block copolymers of, for example, acetylenes and thiophenes or anilines and thiophenes. Also included are derivatives such as poly (N-methyl) pyrrole, poly (o-ethoxy) aniline, polyethylene-dioxythiophene (PEDT), and poly (3-octyl) thiophene. These materials are referred to as "intrinsically conductive polymers" or "ICP" and as used herein, refer to a polymer with extended pi-conjugated groups, which can be made conductive with an adulterant such as Lewis or Lowry-Bronsted acid. or a redox agent to form a charge transfer complex with a conductivity of at least 10"12 S / cm.The charge transfer can be total or partial, depending on the specific electron donor / electron acceptor pair. The partial charge transfer between certain lithium salts and polyaniline has been found to increase the conductivity of polyaniline.It is believed that the complete charge transfer occurs with polyaniline and protons, and polythiophene and protons, or transition metals. to make the polymer electrically conductive is referred to herein as "adulteration." ICPs that have become conductors and that have not been made conductors are referred to herein as "adulterated" ICPs and "unadulterated" ICPs, respectively. The compounds and polymers that can be used in such adulteration processes to make the ICPs conductive are referred to herein as "adulterants". When low cost and stability at high temperature are important, the ICP preferably is a polyaniline, polypyrrole or polythiophene, but most preferably it is a polyaniline. However, if the ICP is used to prepare a composite material with a thermoplastic or thermoplastic polymer, the selection of the ICP may also depend on its compatibility with said polymer. For example, pyrrole is especially compatible with polymers with which it can form hydrogen bonds along its base structure; the polyalkyl thiophenes are particularly compatible with polyolefin and polystyrene; and polyacetylenes are particularly compatible with polyolefins. Polyaniline can occur in several different oxidation states such as leucoemeraldin, protoemeraldin, emeraldin, nigranilin, and permigranilin, depending on the ratio of amine groups and imine groups present in the polymer backbone. In addition, each oxidation state may or may not be protonated. For example, the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline, where 50% of the nitrogen atoms are contained in imine groups and are protonated, is a highly conductive and stable form of a protonated polyaniline. The non-conductive base of this oxidizing state is blue, although the protonated form (emeraldine salt) is green. The ICP can be adulterated through any suitable method. The effectiveness of the various methods of adulteration and the conductivity of the adulterated ICP thus obtained, may vary depending on the method of adulteration, the particular ICP, the particular adulterants and the point in a manufacturing process of composite material where the ICP is adulterated ( if the ICP is used to prepare a composite material). ICP can be adulterated, for example, by mixing a solution, melting bath, or dispersion of the adulterants with the ICP either in solution or with the ICP in the solid stateby contacting a solid ICP with solid adulterants (solid state adulteration), contacting an ICP with adulterants in vapor form, or any combination of these. In general, polyaniline will reach maximum conductivity when supplied in an amount sufficient to adulterate 50% molar of the available sites. Other types of ICPs will typically achieve maximum conductivity at a somewhat lower level of adulteration such as, for example, 30 mol% of the available sites for polypyrrole and polythiophene. The molar amount of adulterant needed to achieve maximum conductivity for the ICP will depend on: (1) the particular ICP used, (2) its chemical purity, and (3) the physical distribution of the adulterant within the ICP matrix. Preferably, the amount of adulterant used will not greatly exceed the amount that is necessary to adulterate the polymer for reasons of cost, and since the excess adulterant may have an exceptionally large tendency to leach out of the composite material containing the adulterated polymer and the excess of adulterant. Examples of suitable adulterants for polyaniline and other ICPs include any salt, compound or polymer capable of introducing a charged site in the polymer, including both partial and complete charge transfer such as Lewis acids, Lowry-Bronsted acids and certain alkali metal salts such such as lithium tetrafluoroborate and transition metal salts such as gold, iron and platinum chlorides; and other redox agents having oxidation coupling sufficiently oxidative to adulterate the polymer; alkyl or aryl halides; and acid anhydrides. Not all of the adulterants listed above will adulterate each type of PCI; however, the appropriate adulterants for the ICPs listed above are known in the art or can be easily determined experimentally. Examples of adulterants that are alkylating agents include those corresponding to the formula RX, wherein R is a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group containing one or more alkyl, aryl or benzyl substituents, and X is Cl, Br, or I. Examples of said alkylating agents include methyl iodide and benzyl bromide. Other examples of suitable alkylating agents include those corresponding to the formula R1-X, wherein R1 is polystyrene, poly (ethylene-styrene), and X is Cl, Br, or I. Examples include polystyrene or poly (ethylene- styrene) halomethylated, and brominated copolymer of paramethylstyrene and isobutylene (available from Exxon as ExxPro). Examples of suitable adulterants, which are acid anhydrides, include maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and acetic anhydride. Other examples include acid anhydrides such as an alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride and 1-octadecene (available from Aldrich Chemical), copolymers of maleic anhydride and styrene and polymers grafted with maleic anhydride such as maleic anhydride grafted with polyethylene. Examples of suitable adulterants which are Lewis acids and Lowry-Bronsted acids include those described in US Patent 5,160,457, the "functionalized protonic acids" described in US Patent 5,232,631 and the "polymeric adulterants" described in US Patent 5,378,402. , all these are incorporated here by reference. Specific examples of such acids include all organic sulfonic and carboxylic acids, such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (HBSA), picric acid, m-nitrobenzoic acids, and dichloroacetic acid. In addition, they can also be used as inorganic groups of acidic polyoxometalates such as hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, HCIO, HBF4, HPF6, HF, phosphoric acids, selenic acid, boronic acid. Examples of polymeric adulterants include polymers having acid groups containing carbon, phosphorus or sulfur, terminals or pendants, and salts and esters thereof, or mixtures thereof. Specific examples include ethylene / acrylic acid copolymers, polyacrylic acids, ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymers, carboxylic acid functional polystyrene or sulfonic acid, polyalkylene oxides and polyesters; and graft copolymers of polyethylene or polypropylene and acrylic acid or maleic anhydride, as well as mixtures thereof; sulfonated polycarbonates, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM), sulfonated ethylene-styrene copolymers, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, sulfonated poly (phenylene) oxide and sulfonated polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate; as well as certain alkali metal and transition metal salts of said acids, preferably the lithium, manganese and zinc salts of said acids. The sulfonated polycarbonates can be prepared, for example, by the methods described in U.S. Patent 5,644,017 and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 519,853, filed on August 25, 1995, entitled "A Diester Monomer". Aromatic Sulfonated Novel, Process to Synthesize, Polymer Derived from the Same and Method to Prepare said Polymer ", which is incorporated herein by reference. c) Metals and Driving Alloys Also included as conductive additives in the blend compositions of the present invention are metals and alloys including, but not limited to, iron, nickel, steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, bronze , brass, zirconium, tin, silver and gold. These may be in the form of powders, fibers, flakes or metallized coatings on substrates such as carbon fibers, glass beads, polymer beads, talcs, or ceramic beads. d) Inorganic Compounds Semiconductors and Conductors Also included as conductive additives in the blend compositions of the present invention are semiconductors that include, but are not limited to, oxides and nitrides of adulterated and non-adulterated metal. Compounds that are frequently used in commercial form include, but are not limited to, tin oxide, tin oxide adulterated with indium, tin oxide adulterated with antimony (for example SN-100P supplied by Nagase America Corporation, New York) and tin oxides adulterated with antimony coated with titanium oxide (TiO2) having a nucleus and acicular form of the rutile type (for example FT-1000, FT-2000, FT-3000) or a spherical shape (for example ET- 300W, ET-500W, also supplied by Nagase America Corporation), indium oxide and indium oxide adulterated with tin, tin oxide adulterated with fluorine, zinc oxide and cadmium stannate, tantalum oxide, and aluminum nitride and dioxide of adulterated titanium. As conductive additives, these materials can be used as particles, fibers, flakes, or coatings on substrates such as carbon fibers, glass beads, polymer beads, talcs, ceramic beads and ferromagnetic particles. e) Conducting Polymer Electrolytes Polymer electrolytes are a class of ionically conductive solids, which in some cases may have sufficient mechanical and electrical properties to be of commercial use. It has been found that many polar polymers form complexes with metal salts and reach useful conductivity values, mainly with salts of LICCIO4, LiCF3, LiAsF6, NaCIO4, NiBr2, and Ag. In addition to the polymer / metal salt complexes, there may be a number of plasticizers that improve conductivity, including, but not limited to, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME) especially in PEO, and polyethylene glycol and dimethyl glycol ether, and residual solvents such as water, THF and alcohols. Polymers representative of said metal polymer / sai complexes are poly (ethylene) oxide (PEO), poly (ethylene) entangled oxide, poly (ethylene glycol / siloxane), which may or may not be interlaced , poly (propylene) oxide (PPO), poly (ethylene) succinate (PES), poly (aziridine), poly (N-methylaziridine), poly (methylene) sulfide, poly (bis-methoxy-ethoxy-ethoxy) phosphazene, poly (ethylene) adipate, poly (oligo-oxyethylene) methacrylate, poly (propiolactone), poly (dioxolane-co-trioxymethylene), poly (fluoro) sulfonic acid such as those commercially available from Du Pont under the trade name of Nafion ™. f) Other Conductive Additives Also included as conductive additives in the blend compositions of the present invention are crushed and unground fibers of graphite and carbon, graphite, interlaced cotton fiber on a glass layer impregnated with graphite, particulate fillers of a given structure, eg, perovskite and spinel structures, metallized particles, platelet-shaped conductive particles, may also include some photoconductive additives, such as zinc oxide. Also included are antistatic agents that can be added separately or in combination. Examples of antistatic agents include, but are not limited to, alkylamines, such as ARMOSTAT ™ 410, ARMOSTAT ™ 450, ARMOSTAT ™ 475, all commercially available from Akzo Nobel Corporation; quaternary ammonium compounds, such as MARKSTAT ™ which is commercially available from The Argus Corporation, and salts such as LiPF6, KPF6, lauryl pyridinium chloride, and sodium cetyl sulfate, which can be purchased from any ordinary chemical catalog, esters of glycerol, sorbitan esters and ethoxylated amines. 2) High Magnetic Permeability Additives In addition to the electrical conductivity, the conductive additive may or may not have a high magnetic permeability, for example, the iron is both electrically conductive and has a high magnetic permeability, while copper has a high conductivity but a low magnetic permeability. For the purposes of this invention, the phrase "high magnetic permeability" means a magnetic permeability of 20 times more, preferably 100 times greater than that of copper. It is known that magnetic particles have superior electromagnetic wave adsorption characteristics, based on well-established electromagnetic wave theories. It has also been found that some of these materials have a degree of commercial use. For example, recent patents (US 5,206,459, 5,262,591, and 5,171,937 all from Aldissi of Champlain Cable Corporation, and incorporated herein by reference) have described the exceptionally easy dispersion of ferrite particles within polymer particles. The ferromagnetic particles may have an irregular or spherical shape. It has been suggested, however, that spherical shaped particles produce a mixed material matrix that has better electromagnetic adsorption characteristics compared to mixed materials based on particles having irregular shapes. In addition, the ferromagnetic particles may or may not be coated with a conductive metal layer, including, but not limited to, Cu and Ag coatings. In general, the magnetic particles may include, but are not limited to, magnetite, ferric oxide ( Fe3O4), MnZn ferrite and zinc manganese-ferrite particles coated with silver. The magnetic particles are manufactured by several companies such as Fair-Rite Products Corporation of N.Y., and Steward Manufacturing Company of Tennessee. The metal coatings on these particles (such as silver) are provided by companies such as Potters Industries Inc. of Parsippany, N.J.

The Other Polymer Component (Component C). The increase in electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability observed by adding a conductive additive to substantially random a-olefin / vinyl or vinylidene interpolymers can also be observed in the presence of one or more other polymer components, which expand a wide variety of compositions.

Homopolymers and Interpolymers of α-olefin. The α-olefin homopolymers and interpolymers comprise polypropylene, propylene / α-olefin C4-C20 copolymers, polyethylene and ethylene / α-olefin copolymers of C3-C20, the interpolymers can be either ethylene / α-olefin interpolymers heterogeneous or homogeneous ethylene / α-olefin interpolymers, including the substantially linear ethylene / α-olefin interpolymers. Also included are aliphatic α-olefin having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and containing polar groups. Also included in this group are olefinic monomers, which introduce polar groups into the polymer including, for example, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ethacrylonitrile, etc .; ethylenically unsaturated anhydrides such as maleic anhydride; ethylenically unsaturated amides such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, etc .; ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids (both mono and difunctional) such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, etc., esters (especially lower C? -C6 alkyl esters) of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylate hydroxyethyl, n-butyl acrylate or methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, etc .; ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid imides such as N-alkyl or N-aryl maleimides such as N-phenyl maleimide, etc. Preferably, said monomers containing polar groups are EVA, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride and acrylonitrile. The heterogeneous interpolymers differ from the homogeneous interpolymers in that the latter, substantially all the interpolymer molecules have the same ethylene / comonomer ratio within that interpolymer, while the heterogeneous interpolymers are those in which the interpolymer molecules do not have the same interpolymer. same ratio of ethylene / comonomer. The term "broad composition distribution", as used herein, describes the comonomer distribution for heterogeneous interpolymers and means that the heterogeneous interpolymers have a "linear" fraction and that the heterogeneous ether polymers have multiple melting peaks (i.e. , exhibit at least two distinct melting peaks) through DSC. The heterogeneous interpolymers have a degree of branching less than or equal to 2 methyl / 1000 carbons in 10% (by weight) or more, preferably more than 15% (in weight), and especially more than 20% (in weight). The heterogeneous interpolymers also have a degree of branching equal to or greater than 25 methyl / 1000 carbons in 25%) or less (in weight), preferably less than 15% (in weight), and especially less than 10% (in weight). Ziegler catalysts suitable for the preparation of the heterogeneous component of the present invention are typical, supported Ziegler type catalysts. Examples of such compositions are those derived from organomagnesium compounds, alkyl halides or aluminum halides or hydrogen chloride, and a transition metal compound. Examples of such catalysts are described in the patents of E. U. A. Nos. 4,314,912 (Lowery, Jr. and others), 4,547,475 (Glass et al.), And 4,612,300 (Coleman, III), the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. Suitable catalyst materials can also be derivatives of an inert oxide support and transition metal compounds. Examples of such compositions are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,420,090 (Spencer et al.), The teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. The heterogeneous polymer component can be a homopolymer of ethylene or an α-olefin, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene or, preferably, an interpolymer of ethylene with at least one C3-C20 α-olefin and / or C4-C18 dienes. The heterogeneous copolymers of ethylene, and propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and -octene are especially preferred. The relatively recent introduction of metallocene-based catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene / α-olefin has resulted in the production of new ethylene interpolymers known as homogeneous interpolymers. The homogeneous interpolymers useful for forming the compositions described herein have homogeneous branching distributions. That is, the polymers are those in which the comonomer is randomly distributed within a given interpolymer molecule and wherein substantially all the interpolymer molecules have the same ethylene / comonomer ratio within that interpolymer. The homogeneity of the polymers is typically described through SCBDI (Short Chain Branching Distribution Index) or CDBI (Composition Distribution Branching Index) and is defined as the weight percentage of the polymer molecules having a content of comonomer within 50%) of the average total molar comonomer content. The CDBI of a polymer is easily calculated from the data obtained from techniques known in the field, such as, for example, temperature elevation elusion fractionation (abbreviated herein as "TREF") as described in, for example, , Wild et al., Journal of Polvmer Science, Polv. Phvs. Ed., Vol. 20, p. 441 (1982), in the patent of E. U.A. 4,798,081 (Hazlitt et al.), Or as described in USP 5,008,204 (Stehling), the descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference. The technique for calculating the CDBI is described in USP 5,322,728 (Davey et al.) And in USP 5,246,783 (Spenadel et al.), Or in US Patent No. 5,089,321 (Chum et al.), The descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference. The SCBDI or CDBI for the homogeneous interpolymers used in the present invention is preferably greater than 20%, especially greater than 50%. The homogeneous interpolymers used in this invention essentially lack a measurable "high density" fraction, as measured by the TREF technique (ie, the homogeneous ethylene / α-olefin interpolymers do not contain a polymer fraction with a of branching less than or equal to 2 methyls / 1000 carbons). The homogeneous interpolymers also do not contain any branched chain fraction of highly short chain (ie, they do not contain a polymer fraction with a degree of branching equal to or greater than 30 methyl / 1000 carbons). The suntially linear ethylene / α-olefin polymer and interpolymer blend components of the present invention are also homogeneous interpolymers, but in addition they are defined herein as in U.S. Patent No. 5,272,236 (Lai et al.), And in the US No. 5,272,872, all the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. However, said polymers are unique due to their excellent processability and unique rheological properties and high melt elasticity and melt fracture resistance. These polymers can be successfully prepared in a continuous polymerization process using the restricted geometry metallocene catalyst systems. The term "suntially linear" ethylene / α-olefin interpolymer means that the base structure of the polymer is sututed with 0.01 long chain branches / 1000 carbons to 3 long chain branches / 1000 carbons, most preferably 0.01 long chain branches / 1000 carbons to a long chain branch / 1000 carbons, and especially 0.05 long chain branches / 1000 carbons to a long chain branch / 1000 carbons. The long chain branching is defined herein as a chain length of at least one carbon more than two carbons less than the total number of carbons in the comonomer, for example, the long chain branch of an ethylene interpolymer suntially Ethylene / octene linear has at least 7 carbons in length (ie, 8 carbons minus 2 equal to 6 carbons plus 1 equals 7 carbons of long chain branching length). The long chain branching may be as long as the same length as the base structure length of the polymer. The long chain branching is determined using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and is quantified using the Randal method (Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phvs., C29 (2 &3), p. 285-297), the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. The long chain branch, of course, can be distinguished from short chain branches resulting only from the incorporation of the comonomer, for example, the short chain branch of a substantially linear ethylene / octene polymer has a length of 6 carbons, while the long chain branching for that same polymer has a length of at least 7 carbons. The catalysts used to prepare the homogeneous interpolymers to be used as the blend components in the present invention are metallocene catalysts. These metallocene catalysts include the bis (cyclopentadienyl) catalyst systems and the mono (cyclopentadienyl) restricted geometry catalyst systems (used to prepare the substantially linear ethylene / α-olefin polymers). Such metal complexes of restricted geometry and methods for their preparation are described in the application of E. U. A. series No. 545,403, filed July 3, 1990 (EP-A-416,815); application of E. U. A. series No. 547,718, filed July 3, 1990 (EP-A-468,651); application of E. U. A. series No. 702,475 filed May 20, 1991 (EP-A-514,828); as well as U.S. Patent No. 5,055,438, U.S. Patent No. 5,057,475, U.S. Patent 5,096,867, U.S. Patent 5,064,802, U. U. Patent 5,132,380, U.A. Patent 5,721,185, U. U. Patent 5,374,696 and U. U. Patent 5,470,093. For the teachings contained in those documents, the pending U.S. patent applications mentioned above, US U.A. issued patents and published European patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In EPA-A-418,044, published on March 20, 1991 (equivalent to the US patent series No. 07 / 758,654) and in the US patent series No. 07 / 758,660, certain cationic derivatives are described and claimed. prior restricted geometry catalysts which are highly useful as olefin polymerization catalysts. In the patent application of E. U. A. No. 720,041 filed on June 24, 1991, certain reaction products of the above restricted geometry catalysts are taught and claimed, and a method for their preparation is taught and claimed. In US-A 5,453,410, combinations of catalysts of cationic restricted geometry with an alumoxane are described as suitable olefin polymerization catalysts. For the teachings contained therein, the pending U.S. patent applications mentioned above, U. A. issued patents and published European patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The homogeneous polymer component can be a homopolymer of ethylene or α-olefin, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene or, preferably, an interpolymer of ethylene with at least one α-olefin of C3-C20 and / or dienes of C -C-? 8- The homogeneous copolymers of ethylene and propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene are especially preferred. 2) Thermoplastic olefins. The thermoplastic olefins (TPOs) are generally produced from mixtures of an elastomeric material such as ethylene / propylene rubber (EPM) or a terpolymer of ethylene / propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) and a more rigid material such as polypropylene. sotactic Other materials or components may be added to the formulation depending on the application, including oil, fillers and entangling agents. Generally, TPOs are characterized by a balance of rigidity (modulus) and low temperature impact, good chemical resistance and wide temperatures of use. Due to this type of aspects, the TPOs are used in many applications, including automobile controls and instrument panels, and also potentially in cables and wires.

Polypropylene is generally in the isotactic form of the polypropylene homopolymer, although other forms of the polypropylene can also be used (for example, syndiotactic or atactic). Polypropylene impact copolymers (for example, those where a secondary copolymerization step that reacts ethylene with propylene is employed) and random copolymers (also modified by reactor and usually containing 1.5-7% ethylene copolymerized with propylene), however, they can also be used in the TPO formulations described herein. The TPOs in the reactor can also be used as the blend component of the present invention. A complete discussion of the various polypropylene polymers is contained in Modern Plastics Encyclopedia / 89, mid-October 1988, Volume 65, No. 11, p. 86-92, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The molecular weight of the polypropylene for use in the present invention is conveniently indicated using a melt flow measurement in accordance with ASTM D-1238, condition 230 ° C 16 kg (formerly known as "condition (L)" and also known as l2). ). The melt flow rate is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the polymer. In this way, the higher the molecular weight, the lower the rate of fusion flow, although the relationship is not linear. The melt flow rate for the polypropylene useful herein is generally 0.1 grams / 10 minutes (g / 10 min) at 35 g / 10 minutes, preferably 0.5 g / 10 minutes at 25 g / 10 minutes, and especially from 1 g / 10 minutes to 20 g / 10 minutes. 3) Styrene-Diene copolymers Block copolymers having unsaturated rubber monomer units are also included, including, but not limited to, styrene-butadiene (SB), styrene-isoprene (SI), styrene-butadiene-styrene ( SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), α-methylstyrene-butadiene-α-methylstyrene and α-methylstyrene-isoprene-α-methylstyrene. The styrenic portion of the block copolymer is preferably a polymer or interpolymer of styrene and its analogs and homologs including α-methylstyrene and styrenes with substituted ring, particularly styrenes methylated in the ring. The preferred styrenics are styrene and α-methylstyrene, with styrene being particularly preferred. Block copolymers with saturated rubber monomer units may comprise butadiene or isoprene homopolymers or may comprise copolymers of one or both of these two dienes with a minor amount of styrenic monomer. Preferred block copolymers with saturated rubber monomer units comprise at least one segment of a styrenic unit and at least one segment of an ethylene-butene or ethylene-propylene copolymer. Preferred examples of such block copolymers with saturated rubber monomer units include styrene / ethylene-butene copolymers, styrene / ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene / ethylene-butene / styrene copolymers (SEBS), styrene / ethylene-copolymers propylene / styrene (SEPS). Also included are random copolymers having unsaturated rubber monomer units including, but not limited to, styrene-butadiene (SB), styrene-isoprene (SI), a-methylsthi no-eti no-butadiene, a- methylstyrene-styrene-isoprene and styrene-vinyl-pyridine-butadiene. 4) Styrenic copolymers. In addition, random block styrene copolymers are acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) polymers, rubber-modified styrenics such as high impact polystyrene.

) Elastomers. Elastomers include, but are not limited to, rubbers such as polyisoprene, polybutadiene, natural rubbers, ethylene / propylene rubbers, ethylene / propylene-diene rubbers (EPDM), thermoplastic polyurethanes, and silicone rubbers. 6) Thermosetting polymers. Thermosetting polymers include, but are not limited to, epoxies, vinyl ester resins, polyurethanes, and phenolics. 7) Vinyl Halide Polymers. Vinyl halide homopolymers and copolymers are a group of resins that are used as a building block of the vinyl structure CH2 = CXY, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I, and Y is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I and H. The vinyl halide polymer component of the blends of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, homopolymers and homopolymers of vinyl halides with monomers copolymerizable as α-olefins including, but not limited to, ethylene, propylene, vinylesters of organic acids containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, eg, vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate, etc., vinyl chloride, vinylidene, symmetrical dichloroethylene; acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile; alkyl acrylate esters wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, for example, methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate; the corresponding alkyl methacrylate esters; dialkyl esters of dibasic organic acids wherein the alkyl groups contain 1-8 carbon atoms, for example, dibutyl fumarate, diethyl maleate, etc. Preferably, the vinyl halide polymers are homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride or vinylidene dichloride. The poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers can also be classified into two main types by their degree of rigidity. These are "rigid" PVC and "flexible" PVC. Flexible PVC is distinguished from rigid PVC mainly by the presence of a quantity of plasticizers in the resin. Flexible PCV typically has improved processability, lower tensile strength and higher elongation than rigid PVC. Of the vinylidene chloride homopolymers and copolymers (PVDC), copolymers with vinyl chloride, acrylates or nitriles are typically used commercially and are most preferred. The choice of the comonomer significantly affects the properties of the resulting polymer. Perhaps, the most notable properties of the various PVDCs are their low permeability to liquid gases, barrier properties; and chemical resistance. Also included are PVC and PVCD formulations containing minor amounts of other materials present to modify the properties of PVC or PVCD, including, but not limited to, polystyrene, styrenic copolymers, polyolefins including homo and copolymers comprising polyethylene, and / or polypropylene, and other ethylene / α-olefin copolymers, polyacrylic resins, butadiene-containing polymers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymers, and methacrylate / butadiene / styrene (MBS) terpolymers and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) resins ). Also included in the family of vinyl halide polymers to be used as the blend components of the present invention are the chlorinated derivatives of PVC typically prepared through post-chlorination of the resin phase and known as PVC, (CPVC). Although the CPVC is based on PVC and shares some of its characteristic properties, the CPVC is a unique polymer that has a much higher melting temperature scale (410-450 ° C) and a higher glass transition temperature (115- 135 ° C) than PVC. 8) Engineering thermoplastics. Engineered thermoplastics include, but are not limited to poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), nylons, poly (acetals), polystyrene (atactic and syndiotactic), polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polysiloxane, polyphenylene oxide (PPO), and aromatic polyesters .

Other Additives Other additives such as antioxidants (for example, hindered phenols such as, for example, lrganox®1010), phosphites (for example Irgafos®), UV stabilizers, adhesion additives (for example, polyisobutylene), anti-blocking additives, dyes, pigments, fillers, may also be included in the interpolymers employed in the blends of and / or employed in the present invention, to the extent that they do not interfere with the improved properties discovered by the applicants. Preferred inorganic fillers are ionic inorganic materials. Preferred examples of inorganic fillers are talc, calcium carbonate, alumina trihydrate, glass fibers, marble powder, cement powder, clay, feldspar, silica or glass, smoked silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, oxide of tin adulterated with indium, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, various sulphate, aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, titanium dioxide, titanates, glass microspheres or clay. Of these fillers, the preferred ones are various sulfate, talc, calcium carbonate, silica / glass, glass fibers, alumina and titanium dioxide, and mixtures thereof. The most preferred inorganic fillers are talc, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, glass fibers or mixtures thereof. Additives such as fillers also play an important role in the aesthetics of a final article by providing a glossy or matte finish. These additives are employed in functionally equivalent amounts known to those skilled in the art. For example, the amount of antioxidant employed is that amount which prevents the polymer or polymer mixture from undergoing oxidation at the temperatures and environment employed during storage and final use of the polymers. Said amount of antioxidants is usually in the range of 0.01 to 10, preferably 0.05 to 5, most preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer or polymer mixture. Similarly, the amounts of any of the additives listed are functionally equivalent amounts such as the amount to make the polymer or polymer mixture counter-block, to produce the desired amount of filler charge to produce the desired result, to provide the desired color from the dye or pigment. Said additives can conveniently be employed in the range of 0.05 to 50, preferably from 0.1 to 35 and most preferably from 0.2 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the polymer or polymer mixture. However, in the case of fillers, these can be employed in amounts of up to 90% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer or polymer mixture. Preferred amounts of inorganic filler depend on the desired end use of the filled polymer compositions of the present invention. For example, when floor, wall or ceiling tiles are produced, the amount of the inorganic fillers (B) is preferably 50 to 95%), most preferably 70 to 90%, based on the total weight of (A) and (B) On the other hand, when laminates are produced for floor, wall or ceiling, the amount of the inorganic fillers (B) is preferably 10 to 70%, most preferably 15 to 50% > , based on the total weight of (A) and (B). For various applications, filler contents of 40 to 90%, most preferably 55 to 85%, based on the total weight of (A) and (B) are preferred. In addition, flow and dispersion aids can be used for the conductive additive including, titanates and zirconates, various processing oils and low molecular weight polymers and waxes such as poly (ethylene oxide), and organic salts such as zinc stearate. and calcium.

Preparation of and Applications for Final Blend Compositions Interpolymers of α-olefin monomers with one or more vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers and / or one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene monomers hindered with the conductive or high additive Magnetic permeability can be used alone, or as a master batch or concentrate to be added to other polymers, or as a coating for numerous applications. Said mixtures can be thermally processed or processed in solution, and can be modified to have a low or high conductivity, with the requisite level depending on the particular application. The compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any convenient method, including dry blending of the individual components and subsequently mixing under melting or combining under melting, either directly in the extruder or mill used to make the finished article (for example). example, the part of a car), or through blending under pre-melt in a separate extruder or mill (eg, a Banbury mixer), or through mixing in solution, or through compression molding, or through calendered. In addition to fusion processing, solution processing can also be used. This includes, but is not limited to, mixing dissolved polymers or dispersions, such as latexes and colloids.

There are many types of molding operations that can be used to form articles or fabricated parts useful from the compositions herein, including solution casting, thermoforming and various injection molding processes (e.g., as described in Modern Plastics. Encyclopedia / 89, issued October 1988, Volume 65, No. 11, page 264-168, "Introduction to Injection Molding" and page 270-271, "Injection Molding Thermoplastics", the descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference) and blow molding processes (eg, as described in Modern Plastics Encyclopedia / 89, issued October 1988, Volume 65, No. 11, page 217-218, "Extrusion-Blow Molding", description of which is incorporated herein by reference), and profile extrusion, sheet extrusion, film casting, coextrusion and multi-layer extrusion, co-injection molding, lamination, film blowing. The compositions of the present invention can be used to form expandable or foamable particles, moldable foam particles, or beads, and articles formed through expansion and / or coalescence and welding of those particles. The compositions of the present invention can be used to form foam structures, which can have any physical configuration known in the art, such as sheet, plank, profiles, bars or type of synthetic rubber. Other useful forms are foamable or expanding particles, moldable foam particles, or beads, and articles formed through expansion and / or coalescence and welding of those particles. Excellent process teachings for making ethylene polymer foam structures can be found and processed at CP Park, "Polyolefin Foam", Chapter 9, Handbook of Polymer Foams and Technology, edited by D. Klempner and KC Frisch, Hanser Publishers, Munich, Vienna, New York, Barcelona (1991), which is incorporated herein by reference. The foam structures can be made through a conventional extrusion foaming process. The structure is generally prepared by heating the compositions of the present invention to form a plasticized or molten polymer material, incorporating therein a blowing agent to form a foamable gel, and extruding the gel through a die to form the product of foam. Prior to mixing with the blowing agent, the polymer material is heated to a temperature at above its glass transition temperature or melting point. The blowing agent can be incorporated or mixed into the molten polymer material by any means known in the art., such as an extruder, mixer, or the like. The blowing agent is mixed with the molten polymer material at a high enough pressure to prevent substantial expansion of the molten polymer material and to generally disperse the blowing agent homogeneously therein. Optionally, a nucleating agent can be added in the polymer melt or dry blended with the polymer material before plasticizing or melting. The foamable gel is typically used at a lower temperature to optimize the physical characteristics of the foam structure. The gel is then extruded or transported through a die of desired shape into a zone of reduced or lower pressure to form the foam structure. The lower pressure zone is at a lower pressure than that where the foamable gel is maintained prior to extrusion through the die. The lower pressure may be superatmospheric or subatmospheric (vacuum), but preferably it is at an atmospheric level. The foam structures herein can be formed into a coalesced strand shape through the extrusion of the compositions of the present invention through a multi-hole die. The holes are arranged so that contact between the adjacent streams of the molten extrudate occurs during the foaming process and the contact surfaces adhere to each other with sufficient adhesion to result in a unitary foam structure. The molten extruded product streams exiting the die are in the form of strands or profiles, which desirably foam, coalesce and adhere to each other to form a unitary structure. Desirably, the coalesced individual strands or profiles must remain adhered in a unitary structure to avoid delamination of the strand under stresses found in the preparation, formation and use of the foam. Apparatus and methods for producing coalesced strand foam structures are described in U.S.A. Nos. 3,573,152 and 4,824,720, both incorporated herein by reference. The foam structures herein can also be formed through an accumulation extrusion process as can be seen in the patent of E. U. A. No. 4,323,528, which is incorporated herein by reference. In this process, low density foam structures having large lateral cross-sections are prepared: 1) by forming under pressure a gel of the compositions of the present invention and a blowing agent at a temperature at which the viscosity of the gel is sufficient to retain the blowing agent when the gel is allowed to expand; 2) by extruding the gel towards a support zone maintained at a temperature and pressure that does not allow the gene to foam, the support zone having an exit die defining an orifice opening towards a lower pressure zone where the gene becomes foam, and an opening gate that closes the hole of the die; 3) periodically opening the compound; 4) Substantially and concurrently applying mechanical pressure through a moving ram on the gel to inject it from the support zone through the hole of the die into the zone of lower pressure, at a speed greater than that where the substantial foaming at the hole in the die occurs and less than that in which substantial irregularities occur in the cross-sectional area or shape; and 5) allowing the ejected gel to expand unrestrained in at least one dimension to produce the foam structure. The foam structures herein can also be formed into non-interlaced foam beads suitable for molding into articles. To make the foam beads, discrete resin particles such as granulated resin pellets are: suspended in a liquid medium where they are substantially insoluble such as water; impregnated with a blowing agent by introducing the blowing agent into the liquid medium at an elevated pressure and temperature in an autoclave or other pressure vessel; and rapidly discharged into the atmosphere or a region of reduced pressure to expand and form the foam beads. This process is well documented in the patents of E. U. A. Nos. 4,379,859 and 4,464,484, which are incorporated herein by reference. In a derivative of the above process, the styrene monomer may be impregnated into the suspended pellets prior to impregnation with blowing agent to form a graft interpolymer with the compositions of the present invention. The polyethylene / polystyrene interpolymer beads are cooled and discharged from the substantially unexpanded container. The beads are then expanded and molded through the conventional expanded polystyrene bead molding process. The process for making the polyethylene / polystyrene interpolymer beads is described in the e. U. A. No. 4,168,353, which is incorporated herein by reference. The foam beads can then be molded through any means known in the art, such as by loading the foam beads into the mold, compressing the mold to compress the beads and heating the beads such as with steam to effect coalescence and welding. the pearls to form the article. Optionally, the beads can be impregnated with air or other blowing agent at a high pressure and temperature before being loaded into the mold furthermore, the beads can be heated before loading. The foam beads can then be molded into blocks or articles configured through a suitable molding method known in the art. (Some of the methods are taught in the patents of E. U. A. Nos. 3,504,068 and 3,953,558). Excellent teachings of the above molding processes and methods can be found in C. P. Park, supra, p. 191, p. 197-198 and p. 227-229, which is incorporated herein by reference. Blowing agents useful in making the foam structure herein include inorganic agents, organic blowing agents and chemical blowing agents. Suitable inorganic blowing agents include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, water, air, nitrogen and helium. Organic blowing agents include aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1-6 carbon atoms, aliphatic alcohols having 1-3 carbon atoms, and total and partially halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1-4 carbon atoms. Aliphatic hydrocarbons include methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentene, isopentane, neopentane. The aliphatic alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol. The total and partially halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons include fluorocarbons, chlorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons. Examples of fluorocarbons include methyl fluoride, perfluoromethane, ethyl fluoride, 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1,1-tetrafluoroethane ( HFC-134a), pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, perfluoroethane, 2,2-difluoropropane, 1,1-trifluoropropane, perfluoropropane, dichloropropane, difluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluorocyclobutane. Chlorocarbons and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons for use in this invention include methyl chloride, methylene chloride, ethyl chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), 1-chloro -1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) and 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124). Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons include trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113), 1,1-trifluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114), chlorheptafluoropropane, and dichlorohexafluoropropane. Chemical blowing agents include azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyro-nitrile, benzenesulfonhydrazide, 4,4-oxybenzenesulfonyl-semicarbazide, p-toluensulfinyl semi-carbazide, barium azodicarboxylate, N, N'-dimethyl-N-N'-dinitroteneterephthalamide and trihydrazino triazine . Preferred blowing agents include isobutane, HFC-152a and mixtures of the foregoing. The amount of blowing agents incorporated in the melting material of the polymer to make a foaming polymer gel is from 0.2 to 5.0, preferably from 0.5 to 3.0 and most preferably from 1.0 to 2.50 grams of moles per kilogram of polymer . The foams can be perforated to improve or accelerate the penetration of the blowing agent from the foam and air into the foam. The foams can be perforated to form channels that extend completely through the foam from one surface to another or partially through the foam. The channels may be separated to approximately 2.5 centimeters and preferably to approximately 1.3 centimeters apart. The channels are present on substantially all the surface of the foam and preferably are uniformly dispersed on the surface. The foams may employ a stability control agent of the type described above in combination with perforation to allow accelerated penetration or release of the blowing agent, while maintaining a dimensionally stable foam. Excellent teachings for the perforation of foams are presented in the patents of US Pat. Nos. 5,424,016 and 5,585,058, which are incorporated herein by reference. Various additives may be incorporated into the foam structure herein such as stability control agents, nucleating agents, inorganic fillers, pigments, antioxidants, acid scavengers, ultraviolet absorbers, flame retardants, processing aids, and auxiliaries. of extrusion. A stability control agent can be added to the foam herein to improve dimension stability. Preferred agents include amide and fatty acid esters of C? O-24- Said agents can be seen in the patents of E. U. A.

Nos. 3,644,230 and 4,214,054, which are incorporated herein by reference. Highly preferred agents include stearyl stearamide, glycerol monostearate, glycerol monobehenate and sorbitol monostearate. Typically, said stability control agents are employed in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10 parts per 100 parts of the polymer. The foam structure of the present exhibits excellent dimensional stability. Preferred foams recover 805 or more of the initial volume in a month with an initial volume being measured in 30 seconds after the expansion of the foam. The volume is measured through a suitable method such as cubic displacement of water. In addition, a nucleating agent can be added in order to control the size of the foam cells. Preferred nucleating agents include inorganic substances such as calcium carbonate, talc, clay, titanium oxide, silica, barium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, mixtures of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate. The amount of cooled nucleating agent can vary from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a polymer resin. The foam structure may be substantially non-interlaced or non-interlacing. The alkenyl aromatic polymer material comprising the foam structure is substantially free of entanglement. The foam structure contains no more than 5% gel according to ASTM method D-2765-84. A slight degree of entanglement is allowed, which occurs naturally without the use of entanglement or radiation agents.

The foam structure can also be substantially interlocked. The entanglement can be induced through the addition of an entanglement agent or through radiation. The induction of entanglement and exposure to a high temperature to effect foaming or expansion may occur simultaneously or sequentially. If an entanglement agent is used, it is incorporated into the polymer material in the same manner as the chemical blowing agent. In addition, if an entanglement agent is used, the foamable melt polymer material is heated or exposed to a temperature preferably less than 150 ° C to prevent decomposition of the entanglement agent or blowing agent and to prevent premature entanglement. If the entanglement is used by radiation, the foamable molten polymer material is heated or exposed to a temperature preferably less than 160 ° to prevent decomposition of the blowing agent. The foamable molten polymer material is extruded or transported through a die of desired shape to form a foamable structure. The foamable structure is then entangled and expanded at a high or high temperature (typically 150 ° C-250 ° C) such as in an oven to form a foam structure. If an entanglement with radiation is used, the foamable structure is irradiated to interlace the polymer material, which is then expanded to an elevated temperature as described above. The structure of the present invention can advantageously be made in a thin sheet or board form according to the above process using either entanglement or radiation agents. The foam structure herein can also be made to a continuous plank structure through the extrusion process using a long terrestrial die as described in GB 2,145,961A. In that process, the polymer, the decomposable blowing agent and the entanglement agent are mixed in an extruder, heating the mixture to allow the polymer to interlace and the blowing agent to decompose in a long terrestrial die; and configuring and driving from the foam structure through the die with the foam structure and the die contact lubricated by an appropriate lubrication material. The foam structure herein can also be formed into interlaced foam beads suitable for molding articles. To make the foam beads, discrete resin particles such as granulated resin pellets are: suspended in a liquid medium where they are substantially insoluble, such as water; impregnated with an interlacing agent and a blowing agent at a high pressure and temperature in an autoclave or other pressure vessel; and rapidly discharged into the atmosphere or a region of reduced pressure to expand to form the foam beads. One version is that the polymer beads are impregnated with the blowing agent, cooled, discharged from the container and then expanded through heating or steam. The blowing agent can be impregnated in the resin pellets, while in suspension or, alternatively, in a non-hydrated state. The beads can be expanded, then expanded by steam heating and molded through the conventional molding method for the expandable polystyrene foam beads. The foam beads can then be molded by any means known in the art, such as loading the foam beads into the mold, compressing the mold to compress the beads, and heating the beads such as with steam to effect coalescence and effect Welding the beads to form the article. Optionally, the beads can be preheated with air or other blowing agent before being loaded into the mold. Excellent teachings of the above molding processes and methods can be found in C. P. Park, previous publication, p. 227-233, patent of E. u. A. No. 3,886,100, US Patent No. 3,959,189, US Patent No. 4,168,353 and US Patent No. 4,429,059. The foam beads can also be prepared by preparing a polymer mixture, crosslinking agent and mixtures that can be decomposed in a suitable mixing device or extruder and forming the mixture into pellets, and heating the pellets to interlock and expand. In another process for making interlaced foam beads suitable for molding articles, the substantially random interpolymer material is melted and mixed with a physical blowing agent in a conventional foam extrusion apparatus to form an essentially continuous foam strand. The foam strand is granulated or formed into pellets to form foam beads. The foam beads are then interlaced through radiation. The interlaced foam beads can then be coalesced and molded to form various articles as described above for the other foam bead process. Additional teachings to this process can be found in the patent of E. U. A. 3,616,365 and in C. P. Park, previous publication, p. 224-228. The foam structure of the present can be made in the form of synthetic cork type through two different processes. One process involves the use of an interlacing agent and the other uses radiation. The foam structure of the present invention can be made in the form of synthetic cork by mixing the substantially random interpolymer material, an entanglement agent, and a chemical blowing agent to form a plate, heating the mixture in a mold so that the interlacing can interlock the polymer material and the blowing agent can decompose, and expand through the release of pressure in the mold. Optionally, the synthetic cork formed after the release of the pressure can be reheated to effect additional expansion. The entangled polymer sheet can be made either by irradiating the polymer sheet with a high energy beam or by heating a polymer sheet containing the chemical entanglement agent. The interlaced polymer sheet is cut into the desired shapes and impregnated with nitrogen at a pressure above a temperature above the softening point of the polymer; releasing the pressure that makes the nucleation of the bubbles and some expansion in the sheet. The sheet is reheated at a lower pressure above the softening point, and the pressure is then released to allow expansion of the foam. The foam structure has a density of less than 250, most preferably less than 100 and preferably 10 to 70 kilograms per cubic meter. The foam has an average cell size of 0.05 to 5.0, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 and most preferably 0.3 to 1.8 millimeters in accordance with ASTM D3576.

The foam structure can have any physical configuration known in the art, such as an extruded sheet, bar, plank and profiles. The foam structure can also be formed by molding expandable beads to any of the above configurations or any other configuration. The foam structure can be open cell or closed cell. Preferably, the foam herein contains 80% or more of closed cells according to ASTM D2856-A. The foams of the present invention will provide protection to electronic components from damage caused by electrostatic discharge (ESD). The specific antistatic or conductive applications of foams made from this invention are as follows: cushioned packaging of finished electronic articles (corner blocks, brackets, supports, cavities, bags, envelopes, wraps, interleaving, encapsulation); packaging or protection of explosive materials or devices in environments where spark discharges can cause easy detonation; handling material (trays, metal containers, box liners, metal container inserts and separators, bypass, stuffing, cartons, part separators and part separations); work station accessories (covers, covers for tables and benches, floor mats, seat cushions); conductive shoe insoles. The foams of this invention may also be useful in the following applications: gaskets, eyelets, seals; protection of the Faraday box; direct cable insertion; branch rods for edge connections; sound attenuation for printers and typewriters; damping of driver's seat; mats for static control tables and floors; underlying cover of carpets (especially automotive); display box insert; bullet container stuffing; military protection support; blocking and reinforcement of various items during transportation; conservation and packaging; pads, seals for cars against noise; medical devices; skin contact pads; cushioned pellets; vibration isolation pad. However, it should be clear that the foams of this invention will not be limited to the aforementioned applications. In addition to the foams, the compositions of the present invention find utility in all applications that require static charge dissipation or electrical conduction or absorption of electromagnetic energy, including, but not limited to: (1) configured articles such as toys, joints , films and sheets, components of photocopiers, such as coatings on polymeric substrates, paper, leather, cloth and inorganic building materials, and as foams to dampen heat, sound and vibration; corrugated boxes and films and film rails, connectors and fasteners; (2) Transportation applications including, but not limited to, fuel tanks, bumpers, instrument panels, deck panels, interior and exterior trim and cladding, pillars, bed liners, seating systems, tires, driving belts, electrical connectors, housings, conduits, energy management systems such as energy management foam systems, gasoline cans and ignition cables for automobiles; (3) construction materials, flooring systems such as mats, carpets and floor tiles for carpet backs, asphalt, concrete covers for benches or counter tops; (4) EMI protection in, for example, wires and cables, cell phones, computer housings, monitors, projection devices, printers, photocopiers, automotive applications and for use in densely packed electronic telecommunication environments; (5) cables and wires for high, medium and low voltage applications, in particular for direct or alternating current applications; for the homogenization of conductors in lighting protection for underground telecommunication cables; (6) Durable and electronic items, for example, solids handling equipment and conveyor belts, rudder wing tips and engine mounts, landing gear; (7) medical / clothing applications, footwear such as shoes, slippers, boots and also blankets, gloves, far-away gloves; (8) multiple layer structures including, but not limited to, multi-layer films and films, co-injected molded articles, laminates, vibes, coatings; (9) adhesives; (10) electromotive coated plastics, such as electrostatically painted plastics and electrodeposited plastics; (11) binders for conductive inks, printing paper; and (12) heating equipment.

Properties of the Individual Mixture Components and the Final Mixture Compositions a) The Ethylene / Vinyl or Vinylidene Interpolymers. The interpolymers of one or more α-olefins and one or more aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomers and / or one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, hindered vinylidene or vinylidene monomers used in the present invention are substantially random polymers. These interpolymers usually contain from 0.5 to 65, preferably from 1 to 55, and most preferably from 2 to 50 mol% of at least one aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer and / or an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or hindered vinylidene monomer, and from 35 to 99.5, preferably from 45 to 99, and most preferably from 50 to 98 mole% of at least one aliphatic α-olefin having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of these interpolymers is usually greater than 1000, preferably from 5,000 to 1,000,000 and most preferably from 10,000 to 500,000. The interpolymers applicable to the present invention may have a melt index (I2) of 0.01 to 1000, preferably 0.1 to 100 and most preferably 0.5 to 50 g / 10 minutes. The polydispersity ratio Mw / Mn of the interpolymers applicable to the present invention is from 1.5 to 20, preferably from 1.8 to 10 and most preferably from 2 to 5. While preparing the substantially random interpolymer, a homopolymer amount can be formed. , for example, due to the homopolymerization of aromatic vinyl monomer to vinylidene at elevated temperatures. The presence of the aromatic vinyl or vinylidene homopolymer in general is not dangerous for the purposes of the present invention and can be tolerated. The aromatic vinyl or vinylidene homopolymer can be separated from the interpolymer, if desired, by extraction techniques such as selective precipitation from a solution with a non-solvent for either the interpolymer or the aromatic vinyl or vinylidene homopolymer. For the purpose of the present invention, it is preferred that not more than 20% by weight, preferably less than 15% by weight based on the total weight of the vinyl aromatic homopolymer or atactic vinylidene interpolymers, be present. b) Conductor Additive The optimum amount of conductive additives depends on the particular applications. For electrically conductive composites, there are two conductivity regimes, which are slightly defined as electrostatically dissipative (ESD), which falls within 10"9 S / cm to 10" 3 S / cm, preferably 10"9 to 10"2 S / cm, and" conductors "(CON), which is defined here as a conductivity greater than 10" 3 S / cm. For ESD, the amount of electrically conductive additive will be 0.01 to 50, preferably 0.1 to 20 and most preferably from 0.5 to 12% by weight based on the total weight of the individual blend components For NO, the amount of electrically conductive additive will be from 5 to 70, preferably from 15 to 70, most preferably from 20 to 70. to 55 and still most preferably 25 to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the individual blend components. c) The Final Blend Compositions The blends comprise from 1 to 99.9% by weight of at least one substantially random interpolymer (Component A), preferably from 5 to 97% by weight, most preferably from 10 to 94.95 by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C. The blends further comprise 0.01-99% by weight of at least one conductive additive (Component B), preferably from 0.5 to 50% >; by weight, most preferably from 1 to 25% by weight, based on the combined weights of components A, B and C. The mixtures further comprise 0-98.99% by weight of at least one polymer (Component C), which is different from Component A and Component B, preferably from 2.5 to 94.5% by weight, most preferably from 5 to 89% by weight, based on the combined weights of components A, B and C. The following examples are illustrative for the invention, but are not constructed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.

EXAMPLES Test Methods a) Density and Fusion Flow Measurements The molecular weight of the polymer compositions for use in the present invention is conveniently indicated using a melt index measurement in accordance with ASTM D-1238, Condition 190 ° C / 2.16 kg ( formally known as "Condition (E)" and also known as l2), was determined. The melt index is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the polymer. In this way, the higher the molecular weight the lower the melt index, although the ratio is not linear. Also useful to indicate the molecular weight of the substantially random polytermers used in the present invention is the Gottfert melt index. (G, cm3 / 10 min), which is obtained in a similar manner as for the melt index (12) using the method of ASTM D1238 for automatic plastomers, with the melt density set at 0.7632, the melt density of the polyethylene at 190 ° C. The ratio of melt density to styrene content for ethylene-styrene interpolymers was measured, as a function of the total styrene content at 190 ° C for a scale of 29.8% to 81.8% by weight of styrene. The levels of atactic polystyrene in these samples were typically 10% or less, the influence of atactic polystyrene was assumed to be minimal due to the low levels, also, the fusion density of atactic polystyrene and the melting densities of the samples with high Total styrene content are very similar. The method used to determine the melt density used a Gottfert melt index machine with a melt density parameter set at 0.7632, and the collection of melting strands as a function of time, while the weight of l2 was current. . The weight and time for each melted strand was recorded and normalized to produce the mass in grams per 10 minutes. The melt index value, 12, calculated for the instrument was also recorded. The equation used to calculate the actual fusion density is d = d0. 632 x l2 / l2 Gottfert where do.7632 = 0.7632 and l2 Gottfert = melt index displayed. An adjustment of linear least squares of melt density calculated against the total styrene content leads to an equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.91 for the following equation: d = 0.00299 x S + 0.723 where S = weight percentage of styrene in the polymer. The ratio of total styrene to melt density can be used to determine a heat of actual melt index, using these equations if the styrene content is known. For a polymer that has a total content of 73% styrene with a measured melt flow (the "Gottfert number"), the calculation is made: x = 0.00299 * 73 + 0.723 = 0.9412 where 0.9412 / 0.7632 = l2 / G # (measured) = 1.23 The density of the substantially random copolymers used in the present invention was determined in accordance with ASTM D-792. b) Chemical Displacements of 13C - NMR. In order to determine the "13 NMR" carbon chemical shifts of the described interpolymers, the following procedures and conditions were employed: A polymer condition of 5 to 10% by weight in a mixture consisting of 50% by volume of 1 was prepared. , 1, 2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2 and 50% by volume of 0.10 molar chromium tris (acetylacetonate) in 1, 2,4-trichlorobenzene.The NMR spectra are required at 130 ° C using an uncoupling sequence of Reverse gate, a pulse width of 90 ° and a pulse delay of 5 seconds or more The spectra are referenced to the methylene signal isolated from the polymer assigned at 30,000 ppm. c) Styrene Analysis The concentration of atactic polystyrene was determined through a nuclear magnetic resonance (N.M. R) method, and the total styrene content was determined through infrared Fourier transformation spectroscopy (FTIR). d) Impact at Low Temperature Samples for impact resistance at low temperature were tested through the instrumented dart impact method (ASTM 3763-93). A fall tower model 8000 of Dynatup (General Research Corporation) with a drop height of 30.48 centimeters and a drop weight of 62.87 kg was used. The samples were separated and the tip diameter was 1.5875 centimeters, with an unsupported sample area of 3.174 cm. The samples were conditioned in a freezer and were removed until the beginning of the test, and were tested after heating for 44 seconds to achieve minus 29 ° C as determined by the fixed plank samples with an internal thermocouple. Data acquisition and calculation were completed using the DYN730 software system. Five samples of each formulation were tested and the results were averaged. e) Conductivity The compression and injection molded samples obtained in this work generally had different conductivities on the surface as compared to the core and, therefore, were evaluated for both. This is especially true for mixtures on the ESD conductivity scale. The surface conductivity is a measurement of the voluminous property obtained by crossing the surface of the molded part by injection or compression and was obtained from a measurement of the resistance between the top and the bottom of a sample, which has a thickness of approximately 3.175 mm. After the conductive priming, the resistance was measured using graphite paper which leads to increase the contact surface area and to reduce the contact resistance. The conductivity on the surface was measured by painting an area of 1 cm2 of surface on both sides of the tension bar with a thickness of 3.2 mm. The resistance of one surface of the bar to the other was measured and the conductivity was calculated. This is illustrated in Figure 1. Three surface measurements were averaged from three different bars (total of nine measurements) and the average of the values was reported. The "core conductivity" is a measurement of the overall property without traversing the surface of the molded part and was calculated from the resistance in the longitudinal direction through a section of the bar that had been exposed to fracture by cooling to 77K. This is represented in Figure 2. In any case, the measuring surfaces were painted with a conductive carbon black primer (type MPP4110, PPG Industries, Oak Creek, Wl). The carbon black paint is recommended for polyolefins, since it has been formulated for good adhesion, although the silver paint may lose contact with the surface. In any case, the conductivity was calculated from the resistance value, the area of the surface being tested, and the distance between the two measuring surfaces, as follows: s = conductivity (S / cm) = Resistivity "1 (ohm" 1 cm "1) Resistivity = (DC resistance measured in ohms) x (area" A "in cm2) (thickness" B "in cm) The Individual Blending Components a) "PP 1" is a polypropylene homopolymer available from Dow Chemical Co., having a l2 of 35 g / 10 min (measured at 230 ° C). "PP 6331" is a polypropylene homopolymer available from Montell having a 12 g / 10 minutes l2 (measured at 230 ° C). "PP-44" is a C705-44NA polypropylene having a melt flow of 44 commercially produced by The Dow Chemical Company. b) "IP60" is a Dowlex IP60 HDPE commercially produced by The Dow Chemical Company, having an I2 of 60 g / 10 minutes. c) "ENGAGE ™ 8180 is an ethylene / octene copolymer having a density of 0.8630 g / cm3 and a melting point (l2) of 0.50 g / 10 minutes and is commercially available from DuPont Dow Elastomers d)" ENGAGE ™ 8200 is an ethylene / octene copolymer having a density of 0.8700 g / cm3 and a melting point (I2) of 5.00 g / 10 minutes and is commercially available from DuPont Dow Elastomers. e) STYRON ™ 665 is a polystyrene having a l2 of 1.5 g / 10 minutes (measured at 200 ° C), and that is available from The Dow Chemical Company. f) STYRON ™ 680 is a polystyrene having a l2 of 10 g / 10 minutes (measured at 200 ° C), and that is available from The Dow Chemical Company. g) "XE-2" is a conductive carbon black available as Degussa XE-2 from Degussa Corporation and having a vibration density of 140 g / l, a pH value of 8.5 and a DBP adsorption value of 380 ml / 100 grams. h) ESI # s 1 - ??? They are ethylene / styrene interpolymers and ESP # s1-3 are ethylene / propylene / styrene interpolymers prepared using the following catalysts, cocatalysts and polymerization procedure. The process conditions for these samples are summarized in Table 1 and the polymer properties are summarized in Table 2.

Preparation of the Catalyst (dimethylN-d, 1-dimethylethyl) -1, 1-dimethyl-1-r (1,2,3,4,5-γ) -1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl- s-indacen-1 - Usilanaminaminato (2-) N1-titanio) Preparation of 3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-rtdrdrndacen-1 (2H) -one. Indane (94.00 g, 0.7954 mole) and 3-chloropropionyl chloride (100.00 g, 0.7954 mole) in CH2Cl2 (300 mL) were stirred at 0 ° C as AICI3 (130.00 g, 0.9750 mole) was slowly added under a stream. of nitrogen. The mixture was then allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 hours. The volatiles were then removed. The mixture was then cooled to 0 ° C and 500 ml of concentrated H2SO4 were added slowly. The formation solid had to be frequently separated with a spatula as the agitation was lost in this step. The mixture was then left under nitrogen overnight at room temperature. The mixture was then heated until the temperature readings reached 90 ° C. These conditions were maintained for a period of 2 hours during which periodically a spatula was used to stir the mixture. After the reaction period, crushed ice was placed in the mixture and moved. The mixture was then transferred to a beaker and washed intermittently with H2O and diethyl ether and then the fractions were filtered and combined. The mixture was washed with H2O (2x200 mL). The organic layer was then separated and the volatiles were removed. The desired product was then isolated by recrystallization from hexane at 0 ° C as pale yellow crystals (22.3 g, yield 16.3%). 1H NMR (CDCl 3): d2.04-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.65 (t, 3JHH = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.84-3.0 (m, 4H), 3.03 (t, 3JHH = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (CDCI3): d25.71, 26.01, 32.19, 33.24, 36.93, 118.90, 122.16, 135.88, 144.06, 152.89, 154.36, 206.50. GC-MS: Calculated for C12H12O 172.09, 172.05 was found.

Preparation of 1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-7-phenyl-s-indacene. 3,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-s-hydrindacen-1 (2H) -one (12.00 g, 0.06967 moles) was stirred in 200 ml of diethyl ether at 0 ° C as PhMgBr (0.105 moles, 35.00 ml of a 3.0 M solution in diethyl ether). This mixture was then allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. After the reaction period, the mixture was extinguished by draining it on ice. The mixture was then acidified (pH = 1) with HCl and stirred vigorously for 2 hours. The organic layer was then separated and washed with H2O (2x100 ml) and then dried over MgSO4. Filtration followed by removal of the volatiles resulted in the isolation of the desired product as a dark oil (14.68 g, 90.3% yield). 1 H NMR (CDCl 3): d 2.0-2.2 (m, 2 H), 2.8-3.1 (m, 4 H), 6.54 (s, 1 H), 7.2-7.6 (m, 7 H). GC-MS: Calculated for C18H16232.13, 232.05 was found.

Preparation of 1, 2,3,5-tetrahydro-7-phenyl-s-indacene lithium salt 1, 2,3,5-tetrahydro-7-phenyl-s-indacene (14.68 g, 0.06291 mol) was stirred in 150 mL of hexane as slowly added nBuLi (0.080 moles, 40.00 L of a 2.0 M solution in cyclohexane). This mixture was then allowed to stir overnight. After the reaction period, the solid was collected by suction filtration as a yellow solid, which was washed with hexane, dried under vacuum and used without further purification or analysis (12.2075 g, 81.1% yield).

Preparation of chlorodimethyl, 5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl-s-indacen-1 -Dsilane. The lithium salt of 1, 2,3,5-tetrahydro-7-phenyl-s-indacene (12.2075 g, 0.05102 moles) in 50 ml of THF was added dropwise to a solution of Me2SiCl2 (19.5010 g, 0.1511 moles). ) in 100 ml of THF at 0 ° C. The mixture was then allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. After the reaction period, the volatiles were removed and the residue was extracted and filtered using hexane. Removal of hexane resulted in the isolation of the desired product as a yellow oil (15.1492 g, 91.1% yield). 1 H NMR (CDCl 3): d? .33 (s, 3 H), 0.38 (s, 3 H), 2.20 (p, 3 J H H = 7.5 Hz, 2 H), 2.9-3.1 (m, 4 H), 3.84 (s, 1 H) , 6.69 (d, 3 JHH = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.3-7.6 (m, 7H), 7.68 (d, 3JHH = 7.4 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (CDCl 3): d? 24, 0.38, 26.28, 33.05, 33.18, 46.13, 116.42, 119.71, 127.51, 128.33, 128.64, 129.56, 136.51, 141.31, 141.86, 142.17, 142.41, 144.62. GC-MS: Calculated for C20H21CISi 324.11, 324.05 was found.

Preparation of N- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -1,1 -dimethyl-1H, 5,5,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl-s-indacen-1-yDsilanamine. Chlorodimethyl (1, 5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl-s-indacen-1-yl) silane (10.8277 g, 0.03322 moles) was stirred in 150 ml of hexane as NEt3 (3.5123 g, 0.03471) was added. moles) and t-butylamine (2.6074 g, 0.03565 moles). This mixture was allowed to stir for 24 hours. After the reaction period, the mixture was filtered and the volatiles were removed resulting in the isolation of the desired product as a thick red-yellow oil (10.6551 g, 88.7% yield). 1 H NMR (CDCl 3): d 0.02 (s, 3 H), 0.04 (s, 3 H), 1.27 (s, 9 H), 2.16 (p, 3 J H H = 7.2 Hz, 2 H), 2.9-3.0 (m, 4 H), 3.68 (s, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 7.3-7.5 (m, 4H), 7.63 (d, 3JHH = 7.4 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCI3): d-0.32, -0.09, 26.28, 33.39, 34.11, 46.46, 47.54, 49.81, 115.80, 119.30, 126.92, 127.89, 128.48, 132.99, 137.30, 140.20, 140.81, 141.64, 142.08, 144.83.

Preparation of the dilithium salt of N- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -1,1 -dimethyl-1- (1, 5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl-s-indacen-1-di-silanamine). N- (1, 1 -dim eti leti I) -1,1-di met i 1-1- (1, 5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl-s-indacen-1-yl) silanamine (10.6551) g, 0.02947 moles) in 100 ml of hexane as slowly added nBuLi (0.070 moles, . 00 ml of a 2.0 M solution in cyclohexane). This mixture was allowed to stir overnight, during which time there were no salts of the dark red solution. After the reaction period, the volatiles were removed and the residue washed rapidly with hexane (2x50 ml). The dark red residue was then pumped dry and used without further purification or analysis (9.6517 g, 87.7% yield) Preparation of dichlororN- (1,1 -dimethylethyl) -1, 1 -dimethylethyl-1-r (1,2,3,4,5-n) -1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl-s -ndacen-1-yl "| s'lanaminate (2 -) - Nititanium The dilithium salt N- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -1,1-dimethyl-1- (1,5) was added dropwise. , 6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl-s-indacen-1-yl) silanamine, (4.5355 g, 0.01214 moles) in 50 ml of THF to a slurry of TiCl3 (THF) 3 (4.5005 g, 0.01214 moles in THF) (100 ml) This mixture was allowed to stir for 2 hours, then PbCl2 (1.7136 g, 0.006162 mol) was added and the mixture was allowed to stir for an additional 1 h.After the reaction period, the volatiles were removed and the residue was removed. extracted and filtered using toluene.The removal of toluene resulted in the isolation of a dark residue.This residue was then slurried in hexane and cooled to 0 ° C. The desired product was then isolated through filtration as a solid. crystalline red-brown color (2.5280 g, yield 43.5%) .1H NMR (CDCI3): d0.71 (s, 3H), 0 .97 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 2.0-2.2 (m, 2H), 2.9-3.2 (m, 4H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.50 (t, 3JHH = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 3JHH = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (s, 1H). 1H NMR (C6D6): d? .44 (s, 3H), 0.68 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 9H), 1.66-1.9 (m, 2H), 2.5-3.9 (m, 4H), 6.65 ( s, 1H), 7.1-7.2 (m, 1H), 7.24 (t, 3JHH = 7.1 Hz, 2H, 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.8 (m, 2H) .13C NMR (CDCI3): d1.29, 3.89, 26.47, 32.62, 32.84, 32.92, 63.16, 98.25, 118.70, 121.75, 125.62, 128.46, 128.55, 128.79, 129.01, 134.11, 134.53, 136.04, 146.15, 148.93. 13C NMR (C6D6 ): d0.90, 3.57, 26.46, 32.56, 32.78, 62.88, 98.14, 119.19, 121.97, 125.84, 127.15, 128.83, 129.03, 129.55, 134.57, 135.94, 136.41, 136.51, 147.24, 148.96.

Preparation of di meti I TN- (1, 1 -di metí leti I) -1.1 -d-methyl-1 -f (1.2.3.4.5- n) -1, 5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl -s-indacen-1-lysilane-nate (2-titanium) was stirred in 50 ml of diethyl ether [N- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -1,1-dimethyl-1 - [(1,2,3 , 4,5 -?) - 1, 5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-phenyl-s-indacen-1 -yl] silanaminate (2 -) - N] titanium (0.4970 g, 0.001039 moles), as MeMgBr (0.0021 moles, 0.70 ml of a 3.0 M solution in diethyl ether) was slowly added in. This mixture was then stirred for 1 hour after the reaction period., the volatiles were removed and the residue was extracted and filtered using hexane. Removal of hexane resulted in the isolation of the desired product as a golden yellow solid (0.4546 g, 66.7% yield). 1H NMR (C6D6): d? .071 (s, 3H), 0.49 (s, 3H), 0.70 (s, 3H), 0.73 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.7-1.8 (m, 2H), 2.5-2.8 (m, 4H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 7.29 (t, 3JHH = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 3JHH = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (C6D6): d2.19, 4.61, 27.12, 32.86, 33.00, 34.73, 58.68, 58.82, 118.62, 121.98, 124.26, 127.32, 128.98, 131.23, 134.39, 136.38, 143.19, 144.85.

Preparation of Catalyst B: 1,4-diphenylic butadiene of (1H-cyclopen taHI fe nant re no -2 -yl) dimethyl (t-butylamido) -silatitanium 1) Preparation of 1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-yl of lithium To a 250 ml round bottom flask containing 1.42 g (0.00657 moles) of 1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthrene and 120 ml of benzene was they added dropwise 4.2 ml of a 1.60 M solution of n-BuLi in mixed hexanes. The solution was allowed to stir overnight. The lithium salt was isolated by filtration, washed twice with 25 ml of benzene and dried under vacuum. The isolated yield was 1426 g (97.7%). The 1 H NMR analysis indicated that the predominant isomer was substituted at position 2. 2) Preparation of (1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthrene-2-yl) dimethylchlorosilane To a 500 ml round bottom flask containing 4.16 g (0.0322 moles) of dimethyldichlorosilane (Me2SiCl2) and 250 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was added dropwise to a solution of 1. 45 g (0.0064 moles) of 1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-yl of lithium in THF. The solution was stirred for approximately 16 hours, after which the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, leaving an oily solid, which was extracted with toluene, filtered through a diatomaceous earth auxiliary (Celite ™), washed twice with toluene and dried under reduced pressure. The isolated yield was 1.98 g (99.5%). 3. Preparation of (1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-yl) dimethyl (t-butylamino) silane To a 500 ml round bottom flask containing 1.98 g (0.0064 mole) of (1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthrene) 2-yl) dimethylchlorosilane and 250 ml of hexane were added 2.00 ml (0.0160 moles) of t-butylamine. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for several days, then filtered using a diatomaceous earth filter aid (Celite ™), washed twice with hexane. The product was isolated by removing the residual solvent under reduced pressure. The isolated yield was 1.98 g (88.9%). 4. Preparation of dilitium (1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-yl) dimethyl (t-butylamido) silane. To a 250 ml round bottom flask containing 1.03 g (0.0030 mol) of (1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-yl) dimethyl (t-butylamino) silane) and 120 ml of benzene were added dropwise 3.90 ml of a solution of 1.6 M n-BuLi in mixed hexanes. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for about 16 hours. The product was isolated through filtration, washed twice with hexane and dried under reduced pressure. The isolated yield was 1.08 g (100%).

. Preparation of (1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-yl) dimethyl (t-butylamido) silanetitanium dichloride.

To a 250 ml round bottom flask containing 1.17 g (0.0030 mol) of TiCl3'3THF and 120 ml of THF was added at a first rapid drip speed 50 ml of a THF solution of 1.08 g of (1 H-). Cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-yl) dimethyl (t-butylamido) silane of dilithium. The mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 1.5 hours, at which time, 0.55 g (0.002 mole) of solid PbCI2 was added. After stirring for a further 1.5 hours, the THF was removed under vacuum and the residue was extracted with toluene, filtered and dried under reduced pressure to give an orange solid. The yield was 1.31 g (93.5%). 6. Preparation of 1,4-diphenic butadiene from (1H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-dimethyl (t-butylamido) silanetitanium. To a slurry of (1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-dimethyl (t -butylamido) silanotitanium (3.48 g, 0.0075 mol) and 1,551 g (0.0075 mol) of 1,4-diphenylbutadiene in 80 ml of toluene at 70 ° C were added 9.9 ml of a solution of a 1.6 M solution of n- BuLi (0.0150 moles) The solution immediately darkened The temperature was increased to bring the mixture to reflux and the mixture was kept at that temperature for 2 hours The mixture was cooled to -20 ° C and the volatiles were removed under pressure The residue was formed as a slurry in 60 ml of mixed hexanes at 20 ° C for approximately 16 hoursThe mixture was cooled to -25 ° C for 1 hour. The solids were collected on a glass frit through vacuum filtration and dried under reduced pressure. The solid was placed in a fiberglass sleeve and extracted in solid form continuously with hexanes using a soxhlet extractor. After 6 hours, a crystalline solid was observed in the boiling vessel The mixture was cooled to -20 ° C, isolated through filtration through the cold mixture and dried under reduced pressure to give 1.62 g of a dark crystalline solid The filtrate was discarded The solids in the extractor were stirred and the extraction was continued with an additional amount of mixed hexanes to give an additional 0.46 grams of the desired product as a dark crystalline solid.

Preparation of the cocatalyst (bis (hydrogenated tallowalkyl) -methylamine) (B-FABA) 1200 ml of methylcyclohexane was placed in a 2 liter cylindrical flask. While stirring, methylamine (ARMEEN® M2HT, 104 g, ground to a granulated form) was added to the matras bis (hydrogenated tallowalkyl) and stirred until completely dissolved. Aqueous HCl (1M, 200 ml) was added to the flask, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Immediately a white precipitate formed. At the end of this time, LiB (C6F5) 4 »Et2O» 3LiCl (Mw = 887.3, 177.4 g) was added to the flask. The solution began to turn milky white. The flask was equipped with a 6"Vigreux column with a distillation apparatus in the upper part and the mixture was heated (140 ° C external wall temperature) .A mixture of ether and methylcyclohexane was distilled from the flask. now it was only slightly cloudy.The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and the contents were placed in a 4 liter separatory funnel.The aqueous layer was removed and discarded, and the organic layer was washed twice with H2O and the The aqueous layers were again discarded The methylcyclohexane solutions saturated with H2O were measured to contain 0.48% by weight of diethyl ether (Et2O) The solution (600 ml) was transferred to a 1 liter flask, thoroughly sprayed with nitrogen and The solution was passed through a column (diameter of 2.54 cm, height of 15.24 cm) containing 13X molecular sieves This reduced the Et2O level from 0.48% by weight to 0.28% by weight. He The material was then stirred on fresh 13X sieves (20 g) for 4 hours. The Et2O level was then measured to be 0.19% by weight. The mixture was then stirred overnight, resulting in a further reduction in the Et 2 O level to about 40 ppm. The mixture was filtered using a funnel equipped with a glass frit having a pore size of 10-15 μm to give a clear solution (the molecular sieves were rinsed with additional dry methylcyclohexane). The concentration was measured through gravimetric analysis yielding a value of 16.7% by weight.

Polymerization Ether copolymers were prepared in an autoclave continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), jacketed with oil, 22.7 liters. A magnetically coupled stirrer with Lightning A-320 impellers provided mixing. The reactor flowed completely at 3,275 kPa. The flow of the process was in the background and outside the top. A heat transfer oil was circulated through the reactor jacket to remove some heat from the reaction. At the outlet of the reactor was a micromotion flow meter that measured the flow and solution density. All lines above the reactor outlet were steam marked at 344.7 kPa and isolated. Ethylbenzene solvent was supplied to the reactor at 207 kPa. Feed to the reactor was measured through a Micro-Motion mass flow meter. A variable speed diaphragm pump controlled the speed of the feed. At the discharge of the solvent pump, a side stream was taken to provide wash flows for the catalyst injection line (0.45 kg / hr) and the reactor agitator (0.34 kg / hr). These flows were measured through differential pressure flow meters and controlled by manual adjustment of microflow needle valves. The uninhibited styrene monomer was supplied to the reactor at 207 kPa. Feed to the reactor was measured through a Micro-Motion mass flow meter. A variable speed diaphragm pump controlled the speed of the feed. The styrene streams were mixed with the remaining solvent stream. Ethylene was supplied to the reactor at 4,137 kPa. The ethylene stream was measured through a Micro-Motion mass flow meter just before of the Research valve that controls the flow. A Brooks flow meter / controller was used to deliver hydrogen to the ethylene stream at the outlet of the ethylene control valve. The ethylene / hydrogen mixture is combined with the solvent / styrene stream at room temperature. The temperature of the solvent / monomer as it enters the reactor dropped to about 5 ° C through a changer with glycol at -5 ° C in the jacket. This current entered the bottom of the reactor. The three-component catalyst system and its solvent wash also entered the reactor at the bottom, but through a different port from the monomer stream. The preparation of the catalyst components was presented in a box of inert atmosphere gloves. The diluted components were placed in cylinders filled with nitrogen and charged to catalyst operation tanks in the processing area. From these operating tanks, the catalyst was pressurized with piston pumps and the flow was measured with Micro-Motion mass flow meters. These streams were combined with each other and the catalyst wash solvent just before entering through an individual injection line into the reactor. The polymerization was stopped with the addition of the catalyst annihilator (water mixed with solvent) to the reactor product line after the micromotion flow meter measured the solution density. Other polymer additives can be added with the catalyst annihilator. A static mixer in the line provided the dispersion of the catalyst annihilator and additives in the reactor effluent stream. This stream then entered into post-reactor heaters that provide additional energy for vaporization of solvent removal. This vaporization occurred as the effluent left the post-reactor heater and the pressure dropped from 3,275 kPa to approximately 250 mm absolute pressure in the reactor pressure control valve. This vaporized polymer entered a hot oil jacket devolatilizer. Approximately 85% of the volatiles were removed from the polymer in the devolatilizer. The volatiles came out at the top of the devolatilizer. The stream was condensed with a glycol jacketed exchanger and entered the suction of a vacuum pump and discharged to a glycol jacketed solvent and styrene / ethylene separation vessel. The solvent and styrene were removed from the bottom of the container and the ethylene from the top. The ethylene stream was measured with a Micro-Motion mass flow meter and analyzed for the composition. The measurement of the ventilated ethylene plus a calculation of the gases dissolved in the solvent / styrene stream were used to calculate the ethylene conversion. The polymer separated in the devolatilizer was pumped with a gear pump to a devolatilization vacuum extruder ZSK-30. The dried polymer came out of the extruder as an individual strand. This strand cooled as it was pulled through a water bath. The excess water was blown from the strand with air and the strand was crumbled into pellets with a strand shredder. The various catalysts, cocatalysts and process conditions used to prepare the various individual ethylene / styrene interpolymers for use in the blend compositions of the present invention are solved in Table 1.

TABLE 1 CD a E catalysts dimethyl [N- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -1,1-dimethyl-1 - [(1,2,3,4,5 -?) - 1,5,6J-tetrahydro-3- phenyl-s-indacen-1-yl) silanaminate (2 -) - N] -titanium. b The catalyst is (t-butylamido) dimethyl (tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) silane-titanium (il) 1,3-pentadiene, prepared as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,556,928, Example 17. c BFABA is tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate bis-tallowalkyl hydrogenated methylammonium. d FAB is ths (pentafluorophenyl) borane, (CAS # 001109-15-5). e A modified methylaluminoxane, commercially available from Akzo Nobel as MMAO-3A (CAS # 146905-79-5). The catalyst is (1 H-cyclopenta [1] phenanthren-2-yl) dimethyl (t-butylamido) -silane-titanium 1,4-diphenylbutadiene).

TABLE 2 Properties of Individual Mixing Components Processing Mixing of the combinations was performed on a Haake RC-90 torque rheometer equipped with a Rheomix 3000 mixing bowl (Haake) with standard roller blades. The mixing capacity of the sample was approximately 200 g. To obtain sufficient material for injection molding, duplicate mixing operations were performed for each formulation. The mixing data for each operation was stored as a data file. Compression molding required less material and required only one batch of Haake mixing material. Carbon-filled or mixed-filled polymer samples with mixed conductive additives were milled in a Wiley mill (Model 4, Thomas Scientific), after being cooled in liquid nitrogen. The milled samples were dried under vacuum overnight just before molding. The injection molding was performed on a Boy 30M molding machine at a barrel temperature of 200 ° C, nozzle temperature of 210 ° C and mold temperature of 45 ° C. The injection molding pressure was typically 35.15 kg / cm2, and the holding pressure was 38.66 kg / cm2. The total time of the cycle was 40 sec. The molded samples consisted of a tension bar and a disc for impact test per shot. Typically, the first six shots were discharged and the next 10 or more taken as the allowed sample amount. The compression molding was carried out in a Carver hydraulic press with the plates heated to 195 ° C +/- 5 ° C. The platen pressure was typically 3500 kg / cm2a and was maintained for approximately 4 minutes. Once removed from the press, the mold fixation was placed on dry ice to rapidly cool the sample to facilitate removal of the mold. The molded samples were bars of 6.25 cm x 1.25 cm. Many examples presented below are formulations of rubber modified polypropylenes, which have been melt processed, injection molded and then tested for conductivity, low temperature impact (LTI) and melt viscosity (MFR). In general, it is better to have high levels of all these points. A commercial threshold value for LTI on one side TPO or instrument panel can be 30 ft-lb. Table 3 shows the presence of both EPS and ESI that improve the core conductivity of a sample mix and also bring the conductivity to the surface of a composite material, which can otherwise be isolated on the surface. The property of surface conductivity is beneficial since it allows an easy grinding of the part.

TABLE 3 ESI and EPS Polymers as an Additive in PP The conductivity was reported in an exponential notation where, for example, 3 E-5 is equivalent to 3.0x10"5. An OL value designates a conductance of <1 x 10" 8 S / cm.

Table 4 shows that in rubber-modified polypropylene composites, which are formulated to include EG8180 (impact rubber modifier), the LTI can be maintained while adding surface conductivity. At equal conductive carbon concentrations, the rubber-modified polypropylene containing ESI is a little more conductive in the core, and significantly more conductive on the surface. This unexpected result occurs with as little as 10% by weight of ESI in the formulation.

TABLE 4 Use of PS, ESI and EPS in TPO The conductivity was reported in an exponential notation where, for example, 3 E-5 is equivalent to 3.0x10"5. An OL value designates a conductance of <1 x 10" 8 S / cm.

Table 5 shows that there is an improvement in conductivity with ESI for formulations based on polypropylene having EG8200 as the impact modifier.

C OUTER 5 The conductivity was reported in an exponential notation where, for example, 3 E-5 is equivalent to 3.0x1o "5. An OL value designates a conductance of <1 x 10" 8 S / cm.

The 6th Square shows that ESI aged to several different guest polymers improves the conductivity to a constant conductive carbon load, as compared to the Comparative Experiment # done without IS I.

TABLE 6 ESI as an Additive for Semi-conducting Polymers Charged with Carbon Driver The conductivity was reported in an exponential notation where, for example, 3 E-5 is equivalent to 3.0x1o "5. An OL value designates a conductance of <1 x 10" 8 S / cm.

The rest of the physical properties and conductivity is an important aspect of the present invention. Polypropylenes (PP), polystyrenes (PS), ethylene-styrene interpolymers (ESI), and ethylene-propylene-styrene interpolymers (EPS) all have a similar filtration behavior (the development of conductivity as a function of the level of charge of conductive additive). That is, when loaded with the same amount of conductive additive, they exhibit similar conductivities. However, at similar loading levels of conductive additive, PP and PS are more brittle than ESI and EPS, as measured by, for example, flexural modulus. The rest of the physical properties are different when comparing ESI and EPS with, for example, ethylene / alpha-olefin (AOC) copolymers. The flexibility of AOC, ESI and EPS loaded with conductive carbon is similar to similar conductive carbon loading levels. However, the amount of conductive carbon required to achieve the same conductivity differs, AOC requires more conductive carbon than ESI or EPS. Table 7 below shows the conductivity of several polymers to several loads of conductive carbon Degussa XE-2. From this, it can be seen that the ES and EPS interpolymers have conductivity that is similar to PS and significantly higher than polyolefins, especially EO rubbers, for example EG8180, when they are modified to make semiconductor. The filtration behavior exhibited when mainly amorphous interpolymers are a component of the mixtures of the present invention, is unexpected. The semiconductivity is improved through the crystallinity in a given polymer. In this way, PP, a polymer having a significant crystallinity, exhibits semi-conductivity when charged with an appropriate conductive conductive conductivity. In comparison, Engage ™ rubbers, which are amorphous, exhibit poor conductivity when loaded with an equivalent amount of conductive additive.

TABLE 7 Conductivity of Individual Mixing Compounds Against Degussa XE-2 Load The conductivity was reported in an exponential notation where, for example, 3 E-5 is equivalent to 3.0x10"5. An OL value designates a conductance of <1 x 10" 8 S / cm.

TABLE 8 * Samples molded by compression, additive value in parentheses. Compression molding was performed on a Model 2697 Carver press at 704 kg / cm2 for 3 minutes at 185 ° C. These results show that, generally, the use of two ethylene / styrene interpolymers having different styrene contents provides a higher conductivity than the case for which an ethylene / styrene interpolymer is used, at equivalent conductive filler levels. The exception is for comparison with the case of an individual ethylene / styrene interpolymer, which has a styrene content greater than 75% by weight.

Examples 51-53 These examples show, as the examples in Table 8 do, that generally the use of the two ethylene / styrene interpolymers having different styrene contents provides a higher conductivity than the case for which an interpolymer of ethylene / styrene, at equivalent conductive filler levels.

TABLE 9 * Value additive in parentheses. These results show that when the minor component of the mixture has a styrene content of less than or equal to about 75% by weight of styrene, then a greater increase in additive in conductivity is observed relative to the conductivity of the mixing components. individual Examples 54-65 The examples in Table 10 illustrate the conductive modification of ethylene / styrene interpolymers with a different conductive filler, an absolutely white color inorganic semiconductor FT-1000 produced by The Nagase Corporation. For these, a greater amount of conductive filler was required in order to achieve semiconductivity compared to the use of conductive carbons. The results in Table 10 show that, similar to those in Table 9, the use of two ethylene / styrene interpolymers having different styrene contents, provides a higher conductivity than the case for which an ethylene / styrene interpolymer is used, equivalent driver filler levels. The results also illustrate that several different types of inorganic semiconductor oxide can be used for this invention. These conductive composite materials are important, as they have a white color, compared to the black color of the polymer modified with conductive carbon. The white color provides an easy inspection of an item configured for other contaminants, such as dust and other particles, which is especially desirable in clean environments.

TABLE 10 Example 66 This example shows that the use of two or more ethylene / styrene interpolymers is also advantageous in a rubber modified polypropylene ("TPO"), since its addition results in the improvement of surface conductivity compared to the formulation which does not have ethylene / styrene interpolymers.

TABLE 11 (All Mixtures Include Cabot XE-72 Smoke Black at 12% by Weight) These data show that when two components of ethylene / styrene ether polymer are present in a mixture with a rubber modified polypropylene conductivity it can be observed on the surface of an injection molded sample as well as in the core. This allows for improved paint coating efficiency in automotive components such as bumpers, door panels, mirror housings, and the like.

Claims (43)

1. - A mixture of polymeric materials comprising: (A) from 1 to 99.99% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C of at least one substantially random interpolymer; and wherein said interpolymer: (1) contains from 0.5 to 65 mole percent of polymer units derived from: (a) at least one vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer, or (b) at least one vinyl or vinylidene monomer aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, hindered, or (c) a combination of at least one aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer and at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene monomer; (2) contains from 35 to 99.5 mol% of polymer units derived from at least one aliphatic α-olefin having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; (3) has a molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1,000; (4) has a melt index (12) of 0.01 to 1000; (5) has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 1.5 to 20; and (B) from 99 to 0.01% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C of one or more conductive additives and / or one or more additives with high magnetic permeability; and (C) from 0 to 98.99% by weight based on the combined weights of the components A, B, and C of one or more polymers other than A.

2. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein: ( i) Component A is present in an amount of 5 to 97% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C; (ii) Component A contains from 1 to 55 mole percent of polymer units derived from: a) at least one of said vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomers, Component A (1) (a), represented by the following general formula : Ar (CH2) n R1- C = C (R2) 2 wherein R1 is selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; each R2 is independently selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; Ar is a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-4 alkyl and C 1-4 haloalkyl; and n has a value from 0 to 4; or b) at least one of the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, hindered vinylidene or vinylidene monomers, Component A (1) (b), represented by the following general formula: Ar I R1- C = C (R2) 2 wherein A1 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, sterically bulky substituent of up to 20 carbons, R1 is selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; each R2 is independently selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen or methyl; or alternatively, R1 and A1 together form a ring system; or c) a combination of at least one of said vinyl aromatic or vinylidene monomer and at least one of said hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene monomer; (iii) Component A contains from 45 to 99 mole percent of polymer units derived from at least one of said aliphatic α-olefins selected from the group consisting of ethylene or a combination of ethylene and at least one of propylene, -methyl-pentene, butene-1, hexene-1, and octene-1; (iv) Component A has a molecular weight (Mn) of 5,000 to 1,000,000; (v) Component A has a melt index (12) of 0.1 to 100; (vi) Component A has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / M ") of 1.8 to 10; (vii) Component B is present in an amount of 0.5 to 50% by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C and one or more selected from the group consisting of: a) conductive carbon black, carbon fibers, graphite or graphite fibers; b) metals and alloys selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, steel, aluminum, zinc, lead, copper, bronze, brass, tin, zirconium, silver and gold; c) adulterated and / or unadulterated conjugated intrinsic and electrically conductive homopolymers and copolymers selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted polyanilines, polyacetylenes, polypyrroles, poly (phenylene) sulfides, polyindoles, polythiophenes and poly (alkyl) thiophenes, polyphenylenes, polyvinylene / phenylenes, random or block copolymers of acetylenes and thiophenes, anilines and thiophenes, poly (N-methyl) pyrrole, poly (o-ethoxy) aniline, polyethylene-dioxythiophene (PEDT), and poly (3-octyl) thiophene; d) semiconductors and conductors selected from the group consisting of adulterated and unadulterated metal oxides and nitrides selected from the group consisting of tantalum oxide, tin oxide adulterated with indium, tin oxide adulterated with antimony, tin oxide adulterated with antimony coated with titanium dioxide and aluminum nitride; and adulterated titanium dioxide; e) high magnetic permeability additives selected from the group consisting of magnetite, ferric oxide (Fe3O4), MnZn ferrite, and manganese-zinc ferrite particles coated with silver; viii) Component C is present in an amount of 2.5 to 94.5% by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C and one or more selected from the group consisting of styrene homopolymers and copolymers, homopolymers and interpolymers of α-olefin, thermoplastic olefins, styrenic copolymers, elastomers, thermofixation polymers, vinyl halide polymers and engineering thermoplastics.

3. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein: (i) Component A is present in an amount of 10 to

94. 5% or by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C; (ii) Component A contains from 2 to 50 mol% of derived polymer units: a) the group consisting of styrene, α-methyl styrene, ortho-meta- and para-methylstyrene, and the halogenated styrenes in the ring, or b) the group consisting of 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene or 1-vinylcyclohexene, 3-vinylcyclohexene and 4-vinylcyclohexene; or c) a combination of at least one of a) and b); (iii) Component A contains from 50 to 98 mol% of polymer units derived from ethylene or a combination of ethylene with one or more C3-C8 α-olefins; (iv) Component A has a molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000 to 500,000; (v) Component A has a melt index (12) of 0.5 to 30; (vi) Component A has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 2 to 5; and (vii) Component B is present in an amount of 1 to 25%) by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C and is selected from the group consisting of conductive carbon black, carbon fibers, graphite, graphite fibers and intrinsically and electrically conductive conjugated and adulterated polymers and / or unadulterated selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted polyanilines, polyacetylenes, polypyrroles, poly (phenylene) sulfides, polyindoles, polythiophenes and poly (alkyl) thiophenes, polyphenylenes, polyvinylene / phenylenes, random or block copolymers of acetylenes and thiophenes, anilines and thiophenes, poly (N-methyI) pyrrole, poly (o-ethoxy) aniline, polyethylene-dioxythiophene (PEDT), poly (3-octyl) thiophene; tin oxide adulterated with indium, tin oxide adulterated with antimony, and tin oxide adulterated with antimony coated with titanium dioxide magnetite, ferric oxide (Fe3O), MnZn ferrite, and manganese-zinc ferrite particles coated with silver; viii) Component C is present in an amount of 5 to 89% by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C and is one or more olefin homopolymers and copolymers selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, copolymers of C4-C20 polypropylene / α-olefin, polyethylene and ethylene / C3-C20 α-olefin copolymers, polyester, nylon, phenylene oxide, polycarbonate.

4. A mixture according to claim 3, wherein: (i) said vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer, Component A1 (a) is styrene; (ii) said aliphatic α-olefin, Component A2 is ethylene or a combination of ethylene with one or more C3-C8 α-olefins; (iii) said conductive additive, Component B is selected from the group consisting of conducting carbon black, carbon fibers, graphite and graphite fibers; and (iv) the thermoplastic polyolefin, Component C, is selected from the group consisting of one or more homopolymers and copolymers of olefins selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polypropylene / C2-C20 α-olefin copolymers, polyethylene, copolymers of C3-C2o ethylene / α-olefin, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), and rubber modified polypropylene.

5- The mixture according to claim 3, wherein (i) Component B is an adulterated and unadulterated intrinsic and electrically conductive conjugated polymer selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted polyanilines, polyacetylenes, polypyrroles, poly ( phenylene), polyindoles, polythiophenes and poly (alkyl) thiophenes, polyphenylenes, polyvinylene / phenylenes, random or block copolymers of acetylenes and thiophenes, anilines and thiophenes, poly (N-methyl) pyrrole, poly (o-ethoxy) aniline, polyethylene -diioxythiophene (PEDT), poly (3-octyl) thiophene.

6. The mixture according to claim 3, wherein the Component B is a magnetic particle selected from the group consisting of magnetite, ferric oxide (Fe3O4), manganese-zinc ferrite, and manganese-zinc ferrite particles coated with silver.

7. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein: (i) Component C is homogeneous interpolymers having a narrow branching distribution and a composition distribution prepared using a metallocene catalyst system.

8. The mixture according to claim 7, wherein: (i) Component C comprises substantially linear interpolymers.

9. A mixture according to claim 3, wherein: (i) said vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer, Component A1 (a), is styrene; (ii) said aliphatic α-olefin, Component A2, is ethylene or a combination of ethylene with one or more C3-C8 α-olefin; (iii) the conductive additive, Component B is polyaniline.

10. A mixture according to claim 3, wherein: (i) the aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer, Component A1 (a), is styrene; (I) said aliphatic α-olefin, Component A2, is ethylene or a combination of ethylene with one or more C3-C8 α-olefin; (iii) said conductive additive, Component B is a tin oxide adulterated with indium, tin oxide adulterated with antimony or tin oxide adulterated with antimony coated with titanium oxide.

11. A mixture according to claim 3, wherein Component C is selected from the group consisting of one or more of polyisoprene, polybutadiene, natural rubbers, ethylene / propylene rubbers, ethylene / propylene-diene rubbers (EPDM) ), styrene / butadiene rubbers and thermoplastic polyurethanes.

12. A mixture according to claim 11, further comprising: (D) an additive selected from the group consisting of talc, calcium carbonate, alumina trihydrate, glass fibers, marble powder, cement powder, clay , feldspar, silica or glass, smoked silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, tin oxide adulterated with indium, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, various sulfate, aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, titanium dioxide , titanates, glass microspheres, chalk and any combination thereof.

13. A mixture according to claim 1, wherein Component A is an interlaced interpolymer.

14. - A mixture according to claim 4, wherein Component A is an interlaced interpolymer.

15. A mixture according to claim 5, wherein Component A is an interlaced interpolymer.

16. A mixture according to claim 6, wherein Component A is an interlaced interpolymer.

17. A mixture according to claim 8, wherein Component A is an interlaced interpolymer.

18. A mixture according to claim 9, wherein Component A is an interlaced interpolymer.

19. A mixture according to claim 10, wherein Component A is an interlaced interpolymer.

20. A mixture according to claim 11, wherein Component A is an interlaced interpolymer.

21. A mixture according to claim 1, wherein Component B has a magnetic permeability 20 times greater than that of copper.

22. A mixture according to claim 21, wherein Component B has a magnetic permeability 100 times greater than that of copper.

23. An article that results from injection molding, compression, extrusion, coextrusion or blow molding, solution casting, thermoforming or rotary molding of the mixture of claim 1.

24.- An article that results from the coating of A substrate with the mixture of claim 1.

25.- A sheet, film, multilayer structure, prepared from the mixture of claim 1.

26.- A cable or wire assembly prepared from the mixture of Claim 1.

27.- A tire prepared from the mixture of claim 1.

28.- A system for manufacturing floor, upper part of a bench or upper surface parts prepared from the mixture of claim 1.

29. A foam or conductive fiber prepared from the mixture of claim 1.

30.- A conductive foam comprising a mixture of polymeric materials comprising: (A) from 1 to 99.99% by weight based on the weight c ombinates of components A, B and C of at least one substantially random interpolymer; and wherein said interpolymer: (1) contains from 0.5 to 65 mole percent of polymer units derived from: (a) at least one vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer, or (b) at least one vinyl or vinylidene monomer aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, hindered, or (c) a combination of at least one aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer and at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene or vinylidene monomer; (2) contains from 35 to 99.5 mol% of polymer units derived from at least one aliphatic α-olefin having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; (3) has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 1.5 to 20; and (B) from 0.5 to 50% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C of one or more conductive additives and / or one or more additives with high magnetic permeability; and (C) from 10 to 90% by weight (based on the combined weights of components A, B and C) of one or more polymers other than A; and (D) a blowing agent.

31. The foam according to claim 30, wherein: a) Component B is present in an amount of 1 to 40% by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and is selected from the group consisting of of carbon black, alkylamines, quaternary ammonium compounds, LiPF6, KPF6, lauryl pyridinium chloride, sodium cetyl sulfate, glycerol esters, sorbitan esters and ethoxylated amines; and b) Component C is selected from the group consisting of one or more homopolymers or copolymers made from monomer components comprising aliphatic α-olefins having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms.

32. - The foam according to claim 30, wherein Component B is present in an amount of 0.5 to 2% by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C and Component B is an antistatic additive and in wherein Component C is LDPE, a homogeneous ethylene / α-olefin interpolymer or ethylvinyl acetate.

33. The foam according to claim 30, wherein Component B is present in an amount of 10 to 30% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C and Component B is a conductive additive. and Component B is LDPE, a homogeneous ethylene / α-olefin interpolymer or ethylvinyl acetate.

34.- A foam according to claim 30, which has at least 80% of closed cells as determined by ASTM D2856-A.

35.- A foam according to claim 30, having a density of less than 250 kilograms per cubic meter.

36.- A foam according to claim 35, which has a density of less than 100 kilograms per cubic meter.

37.- A foam according to claim 36, which has a density of 10 to 70 kilograms per cubic meter.

38.- A foam according to claim 30, which has an average cell size of 0.05 to 5.0 millimeters.

39.- A foam according to claim 38, which has an average cell size of 0.2 to 2.0 millimeters.

40. - A foam according to claim 39, which has an average cell size of 0.3 to 1.8 millimeters.

41. A mixture of polymeric materials comprising: (A) from 1 to 99.99% by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C of at least two substantially random interpolymers; and (1) wherein more than 50% by weight of said interpolymers: a) contains from 0.5 to 65 mole percent of polymer units derived from: (i) at least one vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer, or (ii) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hindered vinylidene or vinylidene monomer, or (iii) a combination of at least one aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer and at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene monomer; b) contains from 35 to 99.5 mol% of polymer units derived from at least one aliphatic α-olefin having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; and (2) wherein at least 50% by weight of said interpolymers contains: a) 0.5 to 45 mol% of polymer units derived from: (i) at least one vinyl or vinylidene aromatic monomer, or (ii) ) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hindered vinylidene or vinylidene monomer, or (iii) a combination of at least one aromatic vinyl or vinylidene monomer and at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene monomer; b) contains from 55 to 99.5 mol% of polymer units derived from at least one aliphatic α-olefin having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; and (B) from 99 to 0.01% by weight based on the combined weights of components A, B and C of one or more conductive additives and / or one or more additives with high magnetic permeability; and (C) from 0 to 98.99% by weight based on the combined weights of Components A, B and C of one or more polymers other than those of A.

42.- A mixture according to claim 41, wherein: (') said aromatic vinylidene monomer, Component A1 (a), is styrene; (ii) said α-olefin, Component A2, is ethylene or a combination of ethylene with one or more C3-C8 α-olefins; (iii) said conductive additive, Component B is a conductive carbon black, polyaniline, tin oxide adulterated with indium, tin oxide adulterated with antimony, tin oxide adulterated with antimony coated with titanium dioxide.

43. The mixture according to claim 41, wherein Component C is a rubber modified polypropylene. 44.- A latex comprising the mixture according to claim 1. 45.- A latex comprising the mixture of claim 41.